Progress 04/01/07 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The threat of water scarcity for a growing proportion of the planet is the motivating force for Oregon State University researchers to try to comprehensively understand its role in the sustainability and resiliency of ecosystems. Pertinent to this issue is the conservation of soil water for agricultural purposes. Understanding the criteria that control and even enhance the loss of soil moisture informs the design of ecosystem management practices, which comprises the backbone of this OSU research. OSU researchers investigated the effect of soil heterogeneity - the degree to which it is dissimilar or diverse - on the exchange of water vapor; three scales of heterogeneity were explored: large fractures; small soil cracks; and "pore-scale heterogeneity." Possible enhancement or suppression of evaporation due to the presence of these features in soil was investigated at the field scale, in laboratory experiments and by using numerical models. Another OSU research focus has been on biochars, charcoals which consist of waste biomass to accomplish three simultaneous goals: generate renewable bioenergy, sequester carbon, and produce value-added products with environmental benefits; the objective was to understand how water moves within chars in order to produce better high-value biochars for stormwater filtration and peat replacement in potting. Our researchers have developed a characterization protocol that can be applied to any biochars to provide relevant details, such as measures of ash, volatile matter, pH and electrical conductivity and water holding capacity. Now, researchers can easily compare different chars to allow for an initial assessment of potential applications. Other outputs include the development of soils maps for the State of Oregon, USDA-NRCS Soil Survey Division and the US Forest Service based on significant improvements in soils map data for more than six million acres of private and public lands in Oregon. A seamless, integrated soil map of Oregon, now the official soil map used by Oregon state agencies, was developed by novel methods developed by this project. Further, our team developed LandType Association (LTA) maps, the primary map based for Forest Plan revisions and for all of the Federal forests in Oregon. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Noam Weisbrod, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel John Miedema, Director Biomass and Bioenergy, Thompson Timber and Starker Forests, Philomath, Oregon (Industrial char production) Julia Jones, OSU, Phillip Sollins, OSU, Marc Kramer, PSU, Christopher Swanston, USFS, Timothy Filley, Purdue, Anthony Aufdenkampe, Stroud Water Research Center, Rota Wagai, NIES Japan, Richard Bowden, Allegheny College, Susan Crow, OSU, Yuriko Yano, OSU, Justin Brant OSU, Bruce Caldwell OSU, Michael Cairns, EPA Corvallis, Peter Beedlow, EPA Corvallis, Jeff McDonnell, OSU, Willem van Verseveld, Tech University Delft, Netherlands, Sarah Beldin, OSU, Renee Brooks, EPA Corvallis J. Jansson, S. Tringe, M. David, DOE scientists, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Calif; R. Hettrick, N. Verberkmoes, DOE scientists, Oakridge National Laboratory, Tenn.; A. Jumponnen and C. Rice, Professors, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS; D.J. Arp, L. Sayavedra-Soto and N. Vajrala, Botany and Plant Pathology, OSU; Avi Shaviv, and Sharon Avrhami, Technicon University, Haifa, Israel; A. Taylor, L. Zeglin, OSU; Steve Petrie, CBARC; R. Roseberg, K Falls; M. Butler, COARC, Madras, OR. Pacific Northwest (Region Six), US Forest Service, USDA Natural Resources and Conservation Service, Pacific Northwest Region (MO-1), USDA Natural Resources and Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, USDA Natural Resources and Conservation Service, National Soil Geospatial Research Center, Oregon Department of Administrative Services, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries TARGET AUDIENCES: Scientific Community; Nursery industry; Department of Transportation; local state and federal agencies; land use managers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Researchers concluded that properly selected textural heterogeneities in soil can significantly enhance its evaporative loss. For example, an isolated soil crack per square meter of land surface is capable of exhaling 0.5-2 times the amount of daily vapor. Cracks breathe at night as well, whereas the soil surface exhales during the day. Peak exhalation from cracks occurs in winter rather than summer. Researchers determined that the presence of soil cracks changes four important features of soil-atmosphere exchange: magnitude; depth of source material; diurnal timing; and seasonal timing. Due to the highly porous nature of wood and nutshell-based biochars, researchers believe that waste biomass could be a promising medium for chars, which could be used to replace peat-based potting media. Peat mining involves draining and destroying sensitive peat bog ecosystems in northern Canada, which store large volumes of carbon, and peat distribution also requires long shipping distances. Laboratory experiments indicated that high temperature Douglas-fir biochars hold nearly as much water as peat and may be more a complete potting media due to its ability to hold air as well, which is also required in potting media. Another promising finding is that biochars are effective at removing both heavy metals and volatile organic compounds from solution in laboratory experiments; however, field trials have not yet been conducted. A significant soils knowledge finding is that adding litter to soil does not result in the expected increase in soil carbon (C) storage, but rather has almost no effect on soil C stocks. The LTA approach and methods created by this project became the pilot study for the current National Terrestrial Condition Assessment being conducted across all US National Forests and Grasslands.
Publications
- Keiluweit, M., J.J. Bougoure, L.H. Zeglin, D.D. Myrold, P.K. Weber, M. Kleber, J. Pett-Ridge, and P.S. Nico. 2012. Nano-scale investigation of the association of microbial nitrogen residues with iron (hydr)oxides in a forest soil O-horizon. Geochim. Cosmochim.
- Gonzalez-Pinzon, R., R. Haggerty, and D.D. Myrold. 2012. Measuring aerobic respiration in stream ecosystems using the resazurin-resorufin system. J. Geophys. Res.
- Bottomley, P.J., D.D. Myrold, and Taylor, A.E. 2012. A consideration of the relative contributions of different microbial subpopulations to the soil N cycle. Front. Microbiol. 3:373.
- Zeglin, L.H., L.A. Kluber, and D.D. Myrold. 2012. The importance of amino sugar turnover to C and N cycling in organic horizons of old-growth Douglas-fir forest soils colonized by ectomycorrhizal mats. Biogeochem.
- Taylor, A.E., L.H. Zeglin, T.A. Wanzek, D.D. Myrold, and P.J. Bottomley. 2012. Dynamics of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria populations and contributions to soil nitrification potentials. ISME J .
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This subprogram translates the theoretical biochar idea into practical solutions that would benefit the people of Oregon. The pyrolysis technology for biochar production holds the key to the benefits of biochar, and it is just that: a technology that needs to be developed, tested and proven. This research aims at developing a pyrolyses technology that captures as much energy as possible while simultaneously creating char products that are tailored to the needs of the industry. At the same great care is taken to meet current and future environmental standards with char products. The research team collaborates with private industry (Starker Forests at Philomath) and works with industrial size equipment to minimise the gap between experiment and implementation. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The most recent project investigates the usefulness of biochar for the Oregon nursery industry. Oregon nurseries currently use approximately 5400 metric tons of vermiculite annually as a potting medium amendment, and pays about $6 per square meter annually to heat their houses. Biochar could be a way to significantly reduce these expenses. The reasons for using vermiculite are its abilities to increase both soil water retention and cation exchange capacity. Biochar is known for its ability to do the exact same thing: increase water storage and provide exchange capacity. Vermiculite is a mined and imported mineral, some coming all the way from South Africa (34%) or China (7%). To be able to store water, vermiculite must be exfoliated at temperatures exceeding 900 degrees C. But biochar can be produced from materials acquired on farm or from nearby waste streams. On farm biochar production can be achieved while simultaneously mitigating heating costs. After initial thermal input, pyrolysis evolves gases that can fuel maintenance of its own temperature requirements, while also heating greenhouses.
Publications
- Kluber, L.A., K.M. Tinnesand, B.A. Caldwell, S.M. Dunham, R.R. Yarwood, P.J. Bottomley, and D.D. Myrold. 2010. Ectomycorrhizal mats alter forest soil biogeochemistry. Soil Biol. Biochem. 42:1607-1613.
- Taylor, A.E., L. Semprini, and P.J. Bottomley. 2010. Expanding the alkene growth substrate range of Nocardioides JS614 using ethene oxide. Appl. Microbiol & Biotechnol. 87: 2293-2302.
- Kluber, L. K., Tinnesand, B. Caldwell, S. Dunham, Yarwood, R., D.D. Myrold, and P.J. Bottomley. 2010. Ectomycorrhizal mats modify forest soil biogeochemistry. Soil Biol. Biochem. 42: 1610-1613.
- Taylor, A.E., L. Zeglin, S. Dooley, D. Myrold, and P.J. Bottomley. 2010. Evidence for different contributions of archaea and bacteria to the ammonia -oxidizing potential of diverse Oregon soils. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76 : 7691-7698.
- Boyle, S.A., Bottomley, P.J., and D.D. Myrold. 2010. Soil microbial communities associated with Douglas fir and Red Alder Stands at high and low productivity sites in Oregon, USA. Microb. Ecology.60: 606-617.
- S.R. Starkenburg, Eva Spieck, and P.J. Bottomley . 2010. Microbial biology of nitrite oxidizing bacteria. In: Nitrification. (Arp, D.J., Klotz, M., and B. Ward, eds.) ASM Press, Washington DC.
- Ochiai, Naoyuki, Maria Ines Dragila, Jennifer L. Parke, Three-dimensional tracking of colloids at the pore scale using epifluorescence microscopy, Vadose Zone Journal, 9:1-12, 2010.
- Chaia, E.E., and D.D. Myrold. 2010. Variation of 15N natural abundance in leaves and nodules of actinorhizal shrubs in Northwest Patagonia. Symbiosis 50:97-105.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities include theoretical, laboratory and field work. Information was disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, national and international conference presentations, interviews with the popular press. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: scientific community atmospheric sciences community PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
During the past four years the PIs have been investigating the role that soil cracks have on mass and energy transport between the vadose zone and the Earth's atmospheric boundary layer. They have found that cracks can play a profound role in enhancing vapor exchange. In brief, the presence of only one isolated fracture per square meter of land surface is capable of exhaling (depending upon soil moisture, fracture geometry, etc.) an additional 0.5-2 times the amount of vapor normally evaporated from the soil surface in one day. Through convection, fractures breathe at night, as opposed to the soil surface that exhales during the day. And, peak exhalation from fractures occurs in winter rather than summer. These factors mean that the role of cracks changes four important features of soil-atmosphere exchange: magnitude; depth of source material; diurnal timing; and seasonal timing. The understanding of this mechanism and having characterized its role in vapor exchange, opens the door to other investigations, such as its impact on the exchange of other critical atmospheric gases, on microbial activity within soil, and on the control of soil salinization in agricultural fields. This is a valuable direction for future soil-atmosphere scientific research.
Publications
- Dubbels, B.L., Sayavedra-Soto, L., Bottomley, P.J., and D.J. Arp. 2009. Thauera butanivorans sp. nov., a C2-C9 alkane oxidizing bacterium previously known as 'Pseudomonas butanovora'. Int. J. Syst. Evolut. Microbiol. 59: 1576-1578.
- Chaer, G., D.D. Myrold, and P.J. Bottomley. 2009. Development and validation of a soil quality index based on the equilibria between soil organic matter and biochemical properties in an undisturbed forest ecosystem. Soil Biol. Biochem. 41: 822-830.
- Gvakharia, B., Bottomley, P.J., Sayavedra-Soto, L., and D.J. Arp. 2009. Construction of recombinant Nitrosomonas europaea expressing green fluorescent protein in response to co-oxidation of chloroform. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 82: 1179-1185.
- Chaer, G., Fernando, M., and P.J. Bottomley. 2009. Comparative resistance and resilience of soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in adjacent native forest and agricultural soils. Microbial Ecol. 58: 414-424.
- Chaer, G., Fernandez, M., D.D. Myrold, and P.J. Bottomley. 2009. Shifts in microbial community composition and physiological profiles across a gradient of induced soil degradation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 73:1337-1344
- Cooley, R.B., B.L. Dubbels, L. Sayavedra-Soto, P.J. Bottomley, and D.J. Arp. 2009. Kinetic characterization of the soluble butane monooxygenase from Thauera butanivorans formerly 'Pseudomonas butanovora'. Microbiology 155: 2086-2096.
- Cooley, R.B., P.J. Bottomley, and D.J. Arp. 2009. Growth of a non-methanotroph on natural gas: ignoring the obvious to focus on the obscure. Environ. Microbiol Reports 1: 408-413.
- Dohrmann, R., Ruping, K. B., Kleber, M., Ufer, K. and R. Jahn. 2009. Variation of preferred orientation in oriented clay mounts as a result of sample preparation and composition. Clays and Clay Minerals, 57:686-694.
- Isaacson, C. W., Kleber, M. and J. A. Field. 2009. Quantitative Analysis of Fullerene Nanomaterials in Environmental Systems: A Critical Review. Environmental Science & Technology, 43:6463-6474.
- Keiluweit, M. and M. Kleber. 2009. Molecular-level interactions in soils and sediments: The role of aromatic pi-systems. Environmental Science & Technology, 43:3421-3429.
- Noller, J.S., 2009, Incorporating soil aging in digital mapping of soils. Pedometron 28:12-16.
- Yarwood, S.A., D.D. Myrold, and M.N. Hogberg. 2009. Termination of the tree belowground C allocation alters soil fungal and bacterial communities in a boreal forest. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 70:151-162.
- Khan, A., D.D. Myrold, and A.K. Misra. 2009. Molecular diversity of Frankia from root nodules of Hippophae salicifolia (D.Don) found in Sikkim. Indian J. Microbiol. 49:196-200.
- Chaer, G.M., M.F. Fernandes, D.D. Myrold, and P.J. Bottomley. 2009. Comparative resistance and resilience of soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in adjacent native forest and agricultural soils. Microb. Ecol. 58:414-424.
- Anderson, M.D., R.W. Ruess, D.D. Myrold, and D.L. Taylor. 2009. Host species and habitat affect nodulation by specific Frankia genotypes in two species of Alnus in interior Alaska. Oecologia 160:619-630.
- Chaer, G.M., M.F. Fernandes, D.D. Myrold, and P.J. Bottomley. 2009. Shifts in microbial community composition and physiological profiles across a gradient of induced soil degradation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 73:1327-1334.
- Chaer, G.M., D.D. Myrold, and P.J. Bottomley. 2009. A soil quality index based on the equilibrium between soil organic matter and biochemical properties of undisturbed coniferous forest soils of the Pacific Northwest. Soil Biol. Biochem. 41:822-830.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Researchers are developing models to predict the effect of fluid and energy flows through the soil on environmental health and ecology. Specifically, a collaborative team of university, national and international scientists have conducted theoretical, field and laboratory research on the relationship between organic matter to soil properties, examining the effect of organic matter on microbial activity in the soil, the ability to predict vegetation composition at the surface and the process of water infiltration through the soil. Information was disseminated through workshops, meetings, trainings and publications. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
This work has demonstrated the utility of a new method for studying the relative contribution of bacteria and fungi to various properties in the soil. One finding was that the composition of overall bacteria and fungal communities responded to this perturbation within one or two years but a general measure of microbial activity, soil respiration, was not affected. This suggests that although there is redundancy in the microbial community for a general process such as decomposition. Conversely, more specific microbial activities, such as nitrification and denitrification, responded more quickly to this change than did the composition of their bacterial communities. This suggests that physiological responses of the microbial community likely pre-stage changes in community structure.
Publications
- Boyle-Yarwood, S.A., P.J. Bottomley, and D.D. Myrold. 2008. Community composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in soils under stands of red alder and Douglas-fir in Oregon. Environ. Microbiol. 10:2956-2965.
- Davis, J.H., S.M. Griffith, W.R. Horwath, J.J. Steiner, and D.D. Myrold. 2008. Denitrification and nitrate consumption in an herbaceous riparian area and perennial ryegrass seed cropping system. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 72:1299-1310.
- Dossa, E.L., Baham, J., Khouma, M., Sene, M., Kitito, F., and Dick, R. 2008. Phosphorus sorption and desorption in semiarid soil of shrub residues. Soil Sci. 173: 669-682.
- Doughty, D.M., Kurth, E.G., Sayavedra-Sota, L., D.J. Arp, and P.J. Bottomley. 2008. Evidence for the involvement of copper ions and redox in regulation of butane monooxygenase in Pseudomonas butanovora. J. Bacteriol. 190: 2933-2938.
- Dubbels, B.L., Sayavedra-Soto, Bottomley, P.J., and D.J. Arp. 2008. In press. Thauera butanovora sp. Nov., a C2-C9 alkane oxidizing bacterium known as 'Pseudomonas butanovora'. Int. J. Syst. Microbiol.
- Hay, K.M., M.I. Dragila, J. Liburdy, Theoretical model for the wetting of a rough surface, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 325 (2008) 472-477.
- Hay, K. M. and M. I. Dragila, Physics of Fluid Spreading on Rough Surfaces, International Journal of Numerical Analysis and Modeling, 5, Supp. 85-92, 2008.
- Myrold, D.D., and P.J. Bottomley. 2008. Mineralization and immobilization of nitrogen in soils. Pp. 157-172. In: Nitrogen in Agricultural Systems, Agronomy Monograph No. 49. (Schepers, JS, and WR Raun, eds.) ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI Nachshon, U. , N. Weisbrod, and M. I. Dragila, Quantifying Air Convection through Surface-Exposed Fractures: A Laboratory Study, Vadose Zone J 7:948-956 (2008), DOI: 10.2136/vzj2007.0165
- Norton, J. Bottomley, P.J., Klotz, M., Stein, L., and D.J. Arp. 2008. The complete genome sequence of the soil-borne Nitrosospira multiformis an ammonia-oxidizing bacterium from the soil environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 3559-3572.
- Pinton, R., Z. Varanini, and P. Nannipieri. 2007. The rhizosphere-biochemistry and organic substances at the soil-plant interface, 2nd Edition. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J. 72:1844.
- Yarwood, S.A., P.J. Bottomley and D.D. Myrold. 2008. Community composition of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and Archaea in soils under red alder and douglas fir in Oregon. Environ. Microbiol. 10: 2956-2965.
- Kageyama, S.A., N. Ritchie Posavatz, K.E. Waterstripe, S.J. Jones, P.J. Bottomley, K. Cromack, Jr. and D.D. Myrold. 2008. Fungal and bacterial communities across meadow/forest transects in the Western Cascades of Oregon. Can. J. For. Res. 38:1053-1060.
- Kageyama, S., Posavatz, N.R., Waterstripe, K.E., Jones, S.J., Bottomley, P.J., Cromack, K., and D.D. Myrold. 2008. Fungal and bacterial communities across meadow/forest ecotones in the western Cascades of Oregon. Can. J. For. Res. 38:1-8.
- Kurth, E., Doughty, D.M., Bottomley, P.J., Arp, D.J., and Sayavedra-Sota, L. 2008. Involvement of BmoR and BmoG in n-alkane metabolism in Pseudomonas butanovora. Microbiology. 154:139-147.
- Lufafa, A., I. Diedhiou, S.A.N. Samba, M. Sene, M. Khouma, F. Kizito, R.P., Dick, E. Dossa, and J.S. Noller. 2008. Carbon stocks and patterns in native shrub communities of Senegal's Peanut Basin. Geoderma 146:75-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.05.024
- Lufafa, A., J. Bolte, D. Wright, M. Khouma, I. Diedhiou, R.P. Dick, F. Kizito, E. Dossa and J.S. Noller. 2008. Regional carbon stocks and dynamics in native woody shrub communities of Senegal's Peanut Basin. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 128-1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.04.013
- Moore-Kucera, J., A.N. Azarenko, L. Brutcher, A. Chozinski, D.D. Myrold, and R. Ingham. 2008. In search of key soil functions to assess soil community management for sustainable sweet cherry orchards. Hortsci. 43:38-44.
- Myrold, D.D., and P.J. Bottomley. 2008. Nitrogen mineralization and immobilization. p. 157-172. In Nitrogen in Agricultural Soils (W. Raun and J.S. Schepers, eds.). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
- Starkenburg, S.S., P.J. Bottomley, et al. 2008. The complete genome sequence of Nitrobacter hamburgensis X14 and a comparative genomic analysis of species within the genus Nitrobacter. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 2852-2863.
- Starkenburg, S., D.J. Arp, and P.J. Bottomley. 2008. D-lactate metabolism and the obligate requirement for CO2 during growth on nitrite by the facultative lithoautotroph, Nitrobacter hamburgensis. Microbiology. 154: 2473-2481.
- Starkenburg, S.S., D.J. Arp and P.J. Bottomley. 2008. Expression of a putative nitrite reductase and the reversible inhibition of nitrite-dependent respiration by nitric oxide in Nitrobacter winogradskyi Nb-255. Environ. Microbiol. 10: 3036-3042.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The goal of this program is to develop basic soil science knowledge so that current and future issues related to the functioning of soils can be addressed in a scientifically sound manner. Researchers are developing basic and applied knowledge to better understand the roles soils play in meeting life necessities and how soils function in their natural environment. Investigators in the fluxes of energy and mass subprogram work to find agronomic methods that can be used to improve agricultural production and reliability while advancing long-term soils resource sustainability. Results from these studies will produce recommendations for agronomic practices. Investigators in the microbial community dynamics subgroup are focused primarily upon the dynamics of organic nitrogen and nutrient cycling in soil. They measure gross rates of N production and consumption in soils that have been manipulated in terms of organic matter inputs. They have conducted studies in diverse Oregon soils under different forest types to determine the relative contribution of bacteria and fungi to nutrient cycling. Investigators have also developed innovative collection wells designed to maintain the chemical integrity of soil formed under reducing conditions. New research intends to examine the variation in nitrification and the communities of nitrifying microorganisms across a soil landscape and in response to N availability. Investigators in the soil-landscape subprogram work primarily through the Landscape Pedology Lab, which is involved in next-generation Digital Soil Mapping around Oregon and elsewhere around the globe. They have conducted individual predictive soil map experiments throughout the state. The lead PI on this project has developed the Mobile Digital Classroom, a pedagogical tool involving wireless technology, to instruct Digital Soil Mapping in the field. Information was disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at field days, national and international meetings and taught to undergraduate and graduate students. PARTICIPANTS: D.D. Myrold, P. J. Bottomley, J. Noller, grad students TARGET AUDIENCES: Professional peers in soil science, microbiology, and ecology; undergraduate and graduate students. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Ultimately, this program will make significant contributions toward providing a stable, sustainable, and healthy supply of food, fuel and fiber for the nation while strengthening Oregon's rural communities. Results from work in the energy fluxes subprogram include quantification of improved groundwater recharge, increased soil moisture, and improved crop survivability and productivity when crop is interplanted with G. sengalesis, a native shrub. Current research in the microbial dynamics subprogram has confirmed earlier findings about linkages between plant inputs of C and the functioning of soil microbial communities in the cycling of N and C. This work was one of the first to trace photosynthate into members of the soil and to demonstrate the presence of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in forested ecosystems. This information may be important in soils management. Other results have demonstrated unequivocally that both bacteria and fungi can assimilate organic N directly in soil, and that the relative contribution of bacteria to the process is influenced by the N status of the soil at the site. Results in the soil landscape subprogram were analyzed to yield the basic, driving mechanisms behind soil development on a spatial and temporal basis.
Publications
- Pace, J.S. 2007. Soil survey technical note - Predicitive soil mapping, Wheeler County Soil Survey as a case study. Masters thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis.
- Williams, M.A., D.D. Myrold, and P.J. Bottomley. 2007. Insights into residue colonization by a soil microbial community under western Oregon field conditions. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 39:819-822.
- Cliff, J.B., P.J. Bottomley, D.J. Gaspar, and D.D. Myrold. 2007. Nitrogen Mineralization and Assimilation at millimeter scales. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 39:823-82.
- Boyle, S.A., P.J. Bottomley and D.D. Myrold. 2007. Bacterial and fungal contributions to soil nitrogen cycling under Douglas fir and Red alder at two sites in Oregon. Soil Biol. Biochem. 40:443-451.
- Davis, J.H., S.M. Griffith, W.R. Horwath, J.J. Steiner, and D.D. Myrold. 2007. Mitigation of shallow groundwater nitrate in a poorly drained riparian area and adjacent cropland. J. Environ. Qual. 36:628-637. Bottomley, P.J., and D.D. Myrold. 2007. Biological nitrogen fixation: The return of N to the soil. p. 365-387. In Soil Microbiology, Ecology, and Biochemistry, 3rd Edition (E.A. Paul, ed.). Academic Press, Burlington, MA.
- Drury, C.F., D.D. Myrold, E.G. Beauchamp, and W.D. Reynolds. 2007. Denitrification techniques for soils. p. 471-493. In Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis, 2nd Edition (M.R. Carter and E.G. Gregorich, eds.). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL.
- Myrold, D.D. 2007. Quantification of nitrogen transformations. p. 687-696. In Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 3rd Edition (C.J. Hurst, R.L. Crawford, J.L. Garland, D.A. Lipson, A.L. Mills, and L.D. Stetzenbach, eds.). ASM Press, Washington, DC.
- Myrold, D.D., P.J. Bottomley, M.N Hogberg, P. Hogberg, and E.W. Sulzman. 2007. Linking microbial communities to activity in soil with molecular and stable isotope techniques. p. 85-86. In Linking Management to Global Climate Challenges: The Proceedings of the International Symposium on Forest Soils and Ecosystem Health (Z. Xu, C.E. Johnson, C. Chen, and T.J. Blumfield, eds.). Centre for Forestry and Horticulture Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
- Elnaggar, A.A., and Noller, J.S. 2007. Application of remote-sensing data and decision-tree analysis to mapping salt-affected soils over large areas. International Journal of Remote Sensing (in press).
- Elnaggar, A.A., and Noller, J.S. 2007. Assessing the consistency of conventional soil survey data: switching from conventional to digital soil mapping techniques. Soil Science Society of America Journal (in press).
- Elnaggar, A.A., and Noller, J.S. 2007. Spatial data mining and soil-landscape modeling applied to initial soil survey. Geoderma (in press).
- Lufafa, A., Diedhiou, I., Ndiaye, N.A.S, Sene, M., Kizito, F., Dick, R.P., and Noller, J.S. 2007. Allometric relationships and peak-season community biomass stocks of native shrubs in Senegal's Peanut basin. Journal of Arid Environments (in press).
- Noller, J.S. 2007. Soils of the Mazama tephra-blanketed landscapes in Oregon: A benchmark soilscape for global change research. Annual Meeting of the Western Soil Science Society, Boise, ID.
- Slevin, S., and Noller, J.S. 2007. Predictive mapping and landscape analysis using geographic information systems and classification trees. Annual Meeting of the Western Soil Science Society, Boise, ID.
- Elnaggar, A.A., and Noller, J.S. 2007. Data mining and its application to soil-landscapes in the Great Basin. Annual Meeting of the Western Soil Science Society, Boise, ID.
- Hash, S.J., and Noller J.S. 2007. Using decision-tree analysis to generate rule sets for predictive soils mapping. Annual Meeting of the Western Soil Science Society, Boise, ID.
- Malone, M.R., and Noller, J.S. 2007. Predictive Mapping in the Fremont National Forest, Oregon. Annual Meeting of the Western Soil Science Society, Boise, ID.
- Pace, J.S., and Noller, J.S. 2007. Predictive soil maps generated from decision tree analysis and GIS technology. Annual Meeting of the Western Soil Science Society, Boise, ID.
- Slevin, S., and Noller, J.S. 2007. Biogeography and soil development in the Pumice Zone of central Oregon. Annual Meeting of the Soil Science Society of America, New Orleans, LA.
- Hash, S.J., and Noller J.S. 2007. Using decision tree analysis for predictive soils mapping in the Great Basin. Annual Meeting of the Soil Science Society of America, New Orleans, LA.
- Elnaggar, A.A. 2007. Development of predictive mapping techniques for soil survey and salinity mapping. Doctoral dissertation, Oregon State University, Corvallis.
- Grover, D., J. Baham, and M.I. Dragila. 2007. Precipitation of Iron Minerals in Porous Media. 2007 Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA.
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