Progress 04/01/07 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The wheat and barley breeding programs (directed by Hayes, Ross, and Zemetra) have jointly produced 62 peer reviewed publications and book chapters and a wealth of other materials. The programs have trained 16 graduate students and hosted six visiting scholars from Eguypt. Spain, and Uruguay. The PIs have reached thousands of stakeholders via field days and hands-on events. At the same time, the PIs have released 12 varieties and germplasms. The activities were made possible by this project and over 4 million dollars in external funding secured by the PIs. Participation in the Tri-State Potato Breeding program led to numerous potato varieties being enhanced or developed for fresh and commodity markets. PARTICIPANTS: Oregon State University: Soloman Yilma, Clint Shock,Dan Hane; Washington State University: Mark Pavek, Rick Knowles; University of Idaho: Jeff Stark, Mike Thornton, Nora Olsen; USDA/ARS: Rich Novy, Jonathan Whitworth, Chuck Brown. TARGET AUDIENCES: Potato Producers, and wheat and barley producers throughout Oregon and the PNW region; fresh and commodity markets and consumers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Bob Zemetra replaced Jim Peterson as wheat breeder in 2011. Potato breeder Isabel Vales left the program in 2010 - her replacement will begin in 2013 but the program has also lost field staff at the branch stations which field trialed varieties.
Impacts
The scholarly contributions of represent significant changes in scientific knowledge. Notable amongst these publications are advances in our understanding of the genetics of low temperature tolerance (VonZitzewitz et al., 2011), durable resistance to a range of diseases (Leonard et al. 2008; Quincke et al. 2011; Verhoeven et al., 2010), cereal quality (Ong et al 2010; Ross et al 2012). Training of graduate students has resulted in major changes in action and condition, with former students employed in industry and academia. Changes in stakeholder knowledge led to changes in action and condition. One example-the heightened awareness of the nutritional importance of whole grain diets, and of the importance of barley in these products achieved by the participation of the PIs in hands-on exercises with practitioners in venues ranging from the Kneading Conference West to the Wheat Marketing Center. The impact of Oregon wheat and barley varieties has led to significant changes in condition of varieties planted, marketed, and used. Oregon wheat varieties were planted on 80% of the winter wheat acres in Oregon during the five years of the project with varieties such as ORCF 101 and ORCF 102 becoming the top varieties grown in 2011 in Oregon and Washington, respectively. During this period the overall quality of Oregon soft white wheat has been improved through the release of superior quality varieties (e.g. Skiles, Ladd, and Kaseberg). The barley varieties Full Pint (2010), Verdant (2011), Alba (2012), and Streaker (2013) represent, respectively, new opportunities for growers to produce malt free of epiheterodendrin, high quality forage with less water input, higher yields of feed without fungicide, barley without hulls suitable for direct human consumption. In 2011, Oregon farmers produce a record-breaking 80.5 million bushels, earning $521 million in farmgate revenues. Yield per acre (81 bushels) was double that achieved in 1977. Potato releases over the past five years have led to new opportunities as well as lowering input costs while saving water. AmaRosa, Crimson Red and Purple Pelisse provided growers avenues into the fingerling and colored potato fresh market. In arid production areas, such as the Klamath Basin in southern Oregon, adoption of Classic Russet gave growers a 50-75 hundred weight per acre increase in yield over Russet Norkotah. It also saved about 10% input and water costs and does not require nearly as much nitrogen as other popular varieties.
Publications
- Guomei Wang, Jeff M. Leonard, Andrew S. Ross, C. James Peterson, Robert S. Zemetra, Kimberly Garland-Campbell, Oscar Riera-Lizarazu. 2012. Identification of Genetic Factors Controlling Kernel Hardness and Related Traits in a Recombinant Inbred Population Derived from a Soft X Extra-soft Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cross. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 124: 207-221.
- Ross A.S. 2012. Selecting for quality 9: Flour absorption as a critical component of wheat quality. Oregon Wheat. 64(5): 16-19
- Castro, A., F. Gamba, S. German, S. Gonzales, P.M. Hayes, S. Pereyra, C. Perez. 2012. QTL analysis of spot blotch and leaf rust resistance in the BCD47 x Baronesse barley mapping population. Plant Breeding. 13: 258-266.
- Blake, V.C., J. Kling, P.M. Hayes, J.L. Jannink, S. R. Jillella, J. Lee, D. E. Matthews, S. Chao, T.J. Close, G.J. Muehlbauer, K. P. Smith, R.P. Wise, J.A. Dickerson. 2012. The Hordeum Toolbox: the Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project genotype and phenotype resource. The Plant Genome. 5:81-91.
- Ross, A.S., M.D. Flowers, R.S. Zemetra and T. Kongraksawech. 2012. Effect of grain protein concentration on falling number of un-germinated soft white winter wheat. Cereal Chem. 89: 307-310..
- Fisk, S.P., A. Cuesta-Marcos, L. Cistue, J. Russell, K.P. Smith, P.S. Baenziger, Z. Bedo, A. Corey, T. Filichkin, I. Karsai, R. Waugh and P.M. Hayes. 2012. FR-H3: A new QTL to assist in the development of fall sown barley with superior low temperature tolerance. Theor. Appl. Genet. DOI 10.1007/s00122-012-1982-8
- Wen, S., N. Wen, J. Pang, G. Langen, R.A.T. Brew-Appiah, J.H. Mejias, C.Osario, M. Yang, R. Gemini, C.P. Moehs, R.S. Zemetra, K.H. Kogel, B. Liu, X. Wang, D. von Wettstein, and A. Rustgi. 2012. The structural genes of wheat and barly 5-methylcytosine DNA glcosylases and their potential applications for human health.
- Ross A.S., Flowers M.D., Zemetra R.S., Kongraksawech T. 2012. Effect of grain protein concentration on Falling Number of un-germinated soft-white winter wheat. Cereal Chemistry 89: 307-310
- Osorio, C., N. Wen, R. Gemini, R. Zemetra, D. von Wettstein, and S. Rustgi. 2012. Targeted modification of wheat grain protein to reduce the content of celiac causing epitopes. Funct. Integr. Genomics DOI: 10.107/s10142-0287-y.
- Wang, G., J.M. Leonard, A.S. Ross, C.J. Peterson, R.S. Zemetra, K. Garland-Campbell, O. Riera-Lizarazu. 2012. Identification of genetic factors controlling kernel hardness and related traits in a recombinant inbred population derived from a Soft X Extra-soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cross. TAG: 124: 207-221.
- Handiseni, M., J. Brown, R. Zemetra and M. Mazzola. 2012. Use of Brassicaceous seed meals to improve seedling emergence of tomato and pepper in Pythium ultimum infested soils, Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection. DOI:10.1080/03235408.2012.660611
- Chen, J., E.J. Souza, M.J. Guttieri, K. O Brien, J. Wheeler, L. Sorensen, J. Clayton, X.M. Chen, B.J. Goates, D. Hole, B.D. Brown, J.M. Marshall, and R. Zemetra. 2012. Registration of UI SRG wheat. Journal of Plant Registration 6: 66-70.
- Chen, J., C. Chu, E.J. Souza, M.J. Guttieri, X. Chen, S. Xu, D. Hole, R. Zemetra. 2012. Genome-wide identification of QTL conferring high-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in wheat. Mol. Breeding 29: 791-800
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The primary objective of the Tri-state potato breeding program is to release and commercialize new potato varieties that will directly benefit all segments of the Northwest potato industry. Specific objectives include: 1. Develop, Select and Evaluate Potato Germplasm; 2. End Use Quality Evaluations; 3. Improve Efficiency of Variety Development; 4. Disease Resistance Screening and Evaluation; 5. Development of Cultural Management Guidelines; 6. Seed Increase and Maintenance; and 7.Commercial-Scale Evaluations. The collaboration between USDA ARS, University of Idaho, Oregon State University, and Washington State University resulted in development of the Classic Russet varietal which meets fresh market quality standards with reduced input costs and irrigation. For this reason it has generated interest among producers. Seven Klamath Basin growers in Oregon have adopted this new variety out of the Tri-state potato breeding program in 2011. This rate of adoption is quite rapid compared to historical usage patterns. Information from research was disseminated through international,national and regional conferences, and publications. PARTICIPANTS: Oregon State University: Soloman Yilma, Clint Shock,Dan Hane; Washington State University: Mark Pavek, Rick Knowles; University of Idaho: Jeff Stark, Mike Thornton, Nora Olsen; USDA/ARS: Rich Novy, Jonathan Whitworth, Chuck Brown. TARGET AUDIENCES: Potato Producers in the Klamath Basin PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Adoption of Classic Russet (Potato) in the Klamath Basin lowers input costs and saves water. Preliminary data shows Classic Russet gives growers a 50-75 hundredweight (cwt) per acre increase in yield over Russet Norkotah. The average price per cwt to the grower is currently $7.75. This new variety has the added advantage of a 10% reduction in input costs and water usage. It does not require nearly as much nitrogen as other popular russet varieties and is more tolerant of certain soil borne pathogens. If adoption of this variety continues at the current rate, it could replace 30% of the 8,000 acres of fresh market russet potatoes produced in the Klamath Basin. The aggregate savings in inputs to Klamath Basin growers would be (30% * 8,000 acres * [$3,000 per acre * .9] = $6.48 M per year. An increase in gross return to the grower solely based on yield improvements would be [50 cwt * $7.75 * 30% * 8,000 acres] = $1.16 M per year. Water savings would be (30% * 8,000 acres * [1.75 acre feet * .9] = 3,780 acre feet of water per year. An acre foot of water is equivalent to 325,850 gallons. 3,780 acre feet of water is enough to provision almost 10,000 households (indoor and outdoor water use) for a full year.
Publications
- Novy, R.G, J.L Whitworth, J.C Stark, S.L Love, D.L Corsini, J.J. Pavek, M.I Vales, S.R. James, D.C Hane, C.C. Shock, B.A. Charlton, C.R. Brown, N.R. Knowles, M.J. Pavek, T.L. Brandt, S. Gupta, and N. Olsen. 2010. Clearwater Russet: A Dual-Purpose Potato Cultivar with Cold Sweetening Resistance, High Protein Content, and Low Incidence of External Defects and Sugar Ends. Amer J Potato Res. 87: 458-471
- Whitworth J.L, R.G Novy, J.C Stark, J.J Pavek, D.L Corsini, S.L Love, J.S Miller, M.I Vales, A.R Mosley, S. Yilma, S.R James, D.C Hane, B.A Charlton, C.R Brown, N.R Knowles, and M.J Pavek. 2010. Yukon Gem: A Yellow-fleshed Potato Cultivar Suitable for Fresh-Pack and Processing with Resistances to PVYo and Late Blight. Amer J Potato Res. 87:327-336
- Stark, J.C, R.G Novy, J.L Whitworth, N.R Knowles, M.J Pavek, S.L Love, M.I Vales, S.R James, D.C Hane, C.R Brown, B.A Charlton, D.L Corsini, J.J Pavek, N. Olsen, and T. Brandt. 2010. Classic Russet: A Potato Cultivar with Excellent Fresh Market Characteristics and High Yields of U.S. No. 1 Tubers Suitable for Early Harvest or Full-Season Production. Amer J Potato Res. 87:360-373
- Vales, M.I, C.R. Brown, D.C Hane, S.R James, C.C Shock, B.A Charlton, S. Yilma, A.R. Mosley, D. Culp, E. Feibert, J.C Stark, M.J Pavek, N.R Knowles, R.G Novy, J.L Whitworth, S. Jansky. 2011. "Purple Pelisse: A Tri-State Specialty Fingerling Potato with Purple Skin and Purple Flesh." Am J Potato Res. 88:67.
- Whitworth, J.L, R.G Novy, J.C Stark, J.J Pavek, D.L Corsini, S.L Love, J.S Miller, M.I Vales, A.R Mosley, S. Yilma, S.R James, D.C Hane, B.A Charlton, C.R Brown, N.R Knowles, M.J Pavek. 2011. "Yukon Gem: A New Yellow-fleshed Variety with Late Blight Resistance and Differential Resistance to PVY Strains." Am J Potato Res. 88-69.
- Cistue, L., A. Cuesta-Marcos, S. Chao, Y. Chutimanitsakun, A. Corey, B. Echavarri , T. Filichkina, N. Garcia-Marino, I. Romagosa, and P.M. Hayes. 2011. Comparative mapping of the Oregon Wolfe Barley using doubled haploid lines derived from female and male gametes.Theor. Appl Genet. 122:1399-1410.
- Chutimanitsakun, Y., R. Nipper, A. Cuesta-Marcos, L. Cistue, A. Corey, T. Filichkina, E. Johnson, and P.M. Hayes. 2011. Construction and application of a Restriction Site Associated DNA (RAD) linkage map in barley. BMC Genomics.12:4
- Ramsay, L., J. Comadran, A. Druka, D. F. Marshall, W.T. B. Thomas, M. Macaulay, K. MacKenzie, C. Simpson, J. Fuller, N. Bonar, P. M. Hayes, U. Lundqvist, J. D. Franckowiak, T. J. Close, G. J.Muehlbauer, and R. Waugh. 2011. INTERMEDIUM-C, a modifier of lateral spikelet fertility in barley, is an ortholog of the maize domestication gene TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1. Nature Genetics. 43:169-172.
- VonZitzewitz, J., A. Cuesta-Marcos, F. Condon. A. Castro, S. Chao, A. Corey, T. Filichkin, S.P. Fisk, L. Gutierrez, K. Haggard, I. Karsai, G. Muehlbauer, K. Smith, O. Veisz, and P. Hayes. 2011. The genetics of winterhardiness in barley: perspectives from association mapping. The Plant Genome. 4:76-91
- Whitworth J.L, R.G Novy, J.C Stark, J.J Pavek, D.L Corsini, S.L Love, N. Olsen, S.K Gupta, T. Brandt, M.I Vales, A.R Mosley, S. Yilma, S.R James, D.C Hane, B.A Charlton, C.C Shock, N.R Knowles, M.J Pavek, J.S Miller, and C.R Brown. 2010. Alpine Russet: A potato cultivar having long term tuber dormancy making it suitable for processing from long-term storage. Amer J Potato Res. ARIS #260598
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: A coordinated set of breeding nurseries are planted each year. These include the multi-location Oregon Winter Elite Yield Trials (OWEYT), and Hard Winter Wheat Elite Yield Trials (HWEYT). Grain from these trials, the preceding replicated and preliminary yield trials, and earlier generation observation nurseries is collected and assessed for end-use suitability. As plant material passes through the generations, more stringency is progressively applied in quality testing. The earliest generations are only screened for a limited set of quality traits (e.g. grain hardness, protein percentage) with the simple aim of eliminating those lines with no probability of meeting market class standards. In contrast, at the elite level, grain is again tested for the same basic quality traits, but is also milled into flour to assess milling potential. The flour is further assessed for absorption capacities of specific components (e.g. fiber and starch), dough mixing properties and finally assessed for its suitability for appropriate end-products (e.g. cookies or sponge cake for soft wheat). Parallel to these activities, selected lines from both wheat and barley breeding efforts are used to create genetic mapping populations. Quality phenotypes are correlated to genetic maps to help identify genes of interest that would permit better genetic screening for quality-related attributes. A specific example will be outlined using the soft white winter wheat variety Skiles (ORH010085). After the 2002 harvest, the breeding line ORH010085 was identified as having superior kernel softness, milling performance, test weight, sponge cake volume, and desirably low water absorption. When Skiles was proposed for release in 2008 it showed, across 18 site-years of data, that it possessed performance in these key traits equal to or significantly superior to the check varieties. In 2007, Skiles was independently evaluated by the Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council. It was considered to have good milling and end-use quality attributes for the soft wheat market. Skiles was noted for its softer kernel texture, superior break flour yield, larger cookie diameter, and larger sponge cake volume as compared to the check. PARTICIPANTS: Experiment Stations, local extension faculty, Oregon Wheat Growers League and Association TARGET AUDIENCES: local extension faculty, Oregon Wheat Growers League and Association, growers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Overall the release of Skiles was a positive contribution to the overall quality of the Oregon soft-white wheat crop. Skiles also combined its generally superior quality with high yield potential and appropriate maturity for Oregon production conditions. The Oregon State University wheat variety development team also identified Skiles as possessing very good straw strength, superior winterhardiness, and improved resistance to a specific fungal disease important to Oregon (Cephalosporium stripe). Skiles is an example of how a new variety with superior agronomics and quality can be placed in the hands of farmers through a variety of research and extension information dissemination such as field days, tours, research briefs, online resources, etc.Farmers see the immediate impact of higher yield potential and reduced risk due to improved disease resistance. The cereal industry as a whole has a better product that helps maintain or enhance the export competitiveness of U.S. wheat, in addition to the improved outcomes for individual farms. The parallel work in applying quality phenotypes to genetic mapping populations has found use in the ability of a specific genetic marker to correctly identify a desired barley starch characteristic. In addition, the research team identified one specific chromosome region that was related to soft-wheat kernel texture in two wheat mapping populations (hard x soft and soft x extra-soft) that had no common parents. That this chromosome region was observed in two independent, bi-parental crosses could be a significant finding in our quest to control kernel texture in soft wheat, with the long-term goal of continual improvement in crop quality.
Publications
- Filichkin, T.P. , M.A.Vinje, A.D. Budde, A.E. Corey, S.H. Duke, L. Gallagher, J. Helgesson, C.A. Henson, D.E. Obert, J.B. Ohm, S.E. Petrie, A.S. Ross, and P.M. Hayes. 2010. Phenotypic variation for diastatic power, β-amylase activity, and β-amylase thermostability vs. allelic variation at the Bmy1 locus in a sample of North American barley germplasm. Crop Sci. In press
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities include breeding, varietal development, field tests and laboratory experiments. Information was disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, book chapters, national conferences, scientific panels, multistate projects. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: growers, scientific community PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Stripe rust remains a critical threat to wheat production in the United States. Genetic resistance to the disease has long been the most effective means of control. However, a number of major genes for resistance have been compromised with the appearance of new and increasingly virulent races of the disease. Varieties that possess multiple minor genes for adult plant resistance would provide a more stable resistance and effectively avoid economic losses to this evolving pathogen. The variety 'Stephens' has exhibited durable resistance to stripe rust since its release in 1977. Stephens is suspected to carry three to six minor genes for resistance to stripe rust, but actual number, location, and relative contributions of each are unknown. A population of 156 inbred individuals was developed from a cross of 'Stephens' x 'Platte', where Platte is known to be highly susceptible to the disease. These progeny were evaluated for response to stripe rust over seven environments in Oregon, Washington, and in Toluca, Mexico. Diversity array technology (DArT) and simple sequence repeat markers were used to construct a genetic linkage map and identify molecular markers associated with genes for disease resistance. Quantitative trait analyses identified 4 genetic loci that contributed to stripe rust resistance over five environments. They were located on chromosomes 2A, 2B, 4B, and 7A, explaining 19, 11, 9, and 15% of the phenotypic variance in disease response. Three resistance loci were identified based on disease response at Mt. Vernon, Washington; a location which is known to harbor a unique array of local stripe rust races. These loci were located on chromosomes 1A, 4B, and 6A, accounting 12, 11, and 6% of the phenotypic variance in disease expression at this site. Six additional loci were identified that that contributed to resistance at single environments. One locus for resistance was identified that came from the susceptible parent Platte, while the remaining loci were contributed by Stephens. Inconsistencies in identification and expression of minor genes over environments may be related to genetic interactions with varying disease races, temperatures, or crop growth stages at infection. Breeders can more effectively track, recombine, and pyramid minor genes for disease resistance by knowing their location, expression, and linkages with molecular markers. This research, in which as many as 13 loci for minor gene resistances were identified, will contribute to more effective and stable resistance to the stripe rust pathogen in future wheat varieties.
Publications
- Filichkin, T.P., M.A.Vinje, A.D. Budde, A.E. Corey, S.H. Duke, L. Gallagher, J. Helgesson, C.A. Henson, D.E. Obert, J.B. Ohm, S.E. Petrie, A.S. Ross, and P.M. Hayes. 2009. Phenotypic variation for diastatic power, beta-amylase activity and thermostability vs. Bmy1 allelic variation in North American barley. Crop Science. In press.
- Y. L. Ong, A. S. Ross, and D. A. Engle. 2009. Glutenin Macropolymer in Salted and Alkaline Noodle Doughs. Cereal Chem. In press.
- T. Kongraksawech, A. S. Ross, and Y. L. Ong. 2009. Effect of carbonate on co-extraction of arabinoxylans with glutenin macropolymer. Cereal Chemistry. In press.
- Ohm J. B., A. S. Ross, C. J. Peterson, and C. F. Morris. 2009. Relationships of Quality Characteristics with Size-Exclusion HPLC Chromatogram of Protein Extract in Soft White Winter Wheats. Cereal Chem 86: 197-203.
- J. I. Rey, P. M. Hayes, S. E. Petrie, A. Corey, M. Flowers, J. B. Ohm, C. Ong, K. Rhinhart, and A. S. Ross. 2009. Production of Dryland Barley for Human Food: Quality and Agronomic Performance Crop Sci. 2009 49: 347-355.
- Ross A.S. and Crosbie G.B. 2009. "Effects of flour characteristics on noodle texture" in "Asian Noodles: Science, Technology, and Processing" edited Gary Hou. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. In press.
- Ross A.S. & Bettge A.D. 2009. "Passing the Test on Wheat End-Use Quality" pp 455-493 in "Wheat Science and Trade" B.F. Carver ed. Wiley-Blackwell.
- Christensen, N. and P.M. Hayes. 2009. Genetics of chloride deficiency expression in barley. Comm. Soil Sci.. Plant Anal.. 40:237-248.
- Ottoman R.J., D. Hane, C.R. Brown, S. Yilma, A.R. Mosley, and M.I. Vales. 2009. Validation and implementation of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for PVY resistance (Ryadg gene) in a potato breeding program. Amer. J. Potato Res. 86: 304-314.
- Stark, J.C., R.G. Novy, J.L. Whitworth, S.L. Love, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, M.I. Vales, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, B.A. Charlton, C.R. Brown, N.R. Knowles, M.J. Pavek, T.L. Brandt, and N. Olsen. 2009. Highland Russet: A full season, processing variety with high yields of uniform U.S. No. 1 tubers. Amer. J. Potato Res. 86: 171-182.
- Brown C.R., H. Mojtahedi, J.M. Crosslin, S. James, B. Charlton, R.G. Novy, S.L. Love, M I. Vales and P. Hamm. 2009. Characterization of Resistance to Corky Ringspot Disease in Potato: A Case for Resistance to Infection by Tobacco Rattle Virus. Amer. J. Potato Res. 86: 49-55.
- Rondon S.I., D.C. Hane, C.R. Brown, M.I. Vales, M. Dogramaci. 2009. Screening potato clones for resistance to Potato Tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). J. of Ec. Entomol. 102: 1649-1653.
- Gandhi H.T., M.I Vales, C. Mallory-Smith, and O. Riera-Lizarazu. 2009. Population structure of Aegilops cylindrica Host in its native range and in the United States of America. Theor. Appl. Genet. 119: 1013-1025.
- Kalavacharla, V. K. Hossain, O. Riera-Lizarazu, Y. Gu, S.S. Maan, and S.F. Kianian. 2009. Radiation hybrid mapping in crop plants. Adv. Agron. 102: (in press)
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The research team has applied the latest in molecular breeding technology to the very focused development of winter food barley. The technique is called marker-assisted selection (MAS). MAS uses markers (differences in DNA sequence between varieties) to increase the efficiency of selection for target traits. In this application, plants with the correct DNA markers in genes associated with low temperature tolerance and high beta-glucan are selected at the seedling stage in the greenhouse. Plants with the wrong markers are discarded. Thus, only plants with a high probability of being cold tolerant and having high beta-glucan advance to field testing. Information from this program has been disemminated through workshops, meetings, trainings, conferences, curriculum and publications. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. C.J. Peterson - Oregon State Univ. Dr. A. Ross - Oregon State Univ. Dr. M. Flowers, Oregon State Univ. Dr. R.S. Zemetra - Univ. of Idaho - Mocow, ID Dr. K.A. Garland-Campbell - USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA Dr. Deven See - USDA-ARS, Pullman WA Dr. C. Morris - USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA Dr. X. Chen - USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA Dr. K. Ammar - CIMMYT, Mexico TARGET AUDIENCES: Farmers, processors, consumers, Potato seed growers, potato commercial growers, potato certification agencies, potato processing industry, potato fresh market retailers, general public, undergraduate and graduate students. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Americans are increasingly at risk for premature death from both cardiovascular disease and diabetes - due to our increasing weight, elevated cholesterol, high blood pressure, and abnormal blood sugars. Barley is now recognized as an important part of a delicious, heart-healthy lifestyle. Food barley must be high in beta-glucan, which is the primary building block of cell walls in the grains of both barley and oats. We measured beta-glucan content of these lines after harvest in 2008 and advanced over 200 lines selected for high beta-glucan content and agronomic performance to field tests in Oregon and Idaho. We have also crossed these potential winter waxy food barleys to the most cold tolerant varieties from Germany and Nebraska in preparation for future cycles of MAS. The intent is to create a product stream of high beta-glucan winter food barley varieties, waxy and non-waxy, hulled and hulless, 2-row and 6-row. Americans will be looking to barley for health improvements. Thanks to Oregon and Idaho barley assessment dollars and the USDA-CSREES STEEP program, winter food barley varieties are on the horizon.
Publications
- Castro, A.J., P.M. Hayes, L. Viega, and I. Vales. 2008. Transgressive segregation for phenological traits in barley is explained by a limited number of QTL alleles with additive effects. Plant Breeding. 127:561-568.
- Cuesta-Marcos, A., A.M. Casas, P.M. Hayes, M.P. Gracia, J.M. Lasa, F. Ciudad, P. Codesal, J.L. Molina-Cano, E. Igartua. 2008. Yield QTL affected by heading date in Mediterranean grown barley. Plant Breeding. In press.
- Karsai., I., P. Szucs, B. Kosegi, P.M. Hayes, A. Casas, Z. Bedo, and O. Veisz. 2008. Effects of photo and thermal cycles on flowering time in barley: a genetical phenomics approach. J. Exp. Bot. 59:2707-2715. Lacaze, X. P.M. Hayes, and A. Korol. 2008. Genetics of phenotypic plasticity: QTL analysis in barley, Hordeum vulgare. Heredity. In press.
- Inostroza, L., A. del Pozo, I. Matus, D. Castillo, P. Hayes, S. Machado and A. Corey. 2008. Association mapping of plant height, yield, and yield stability in recombinant chromosome substitution lines (RCSLs) using Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum as a source of donor alleles in a Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare background. Mol. Breeding. In press.
- Saint Pierre, C., C.J. Peterson, A.S. Ross, J.B. Ohm, M.C. Verhoeven, M. Larson, B. Hoefer. 2008. Winter wheat genotypes under different levels of nitrogen and water stress: Changes in grain protein composition. Journal of Cereal Science 47: 407-416. Saint Pierre,C., C. James Peterson, Andrew S. Ross, Jae-Bom Ohm, Mary C. Verhoeven, Mark Larson, and Bruce Hoefer. 2008. White Wheat Grain Quality Changes with Genotype, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Water Stress. Agron. J. 2008 100: 414-420.
- Ohm, J.B., A. S. Ross, C. J. Peterson, and Y.-L. Ong. 2008. Relationships of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunit Composition and Molecular Weight Distribution of Wheat Flour Protein with Water Absorption and Color Characteristics of Noodle Dough. Cereal Chemistry 85: 123-131.
- Mosley A.R., S. Yilma, D.C. Hane, S.R. James, K.A. Rykbost, C.C. Shock, S.L. Love, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, R.E. Thornton, B.A. Charlton, E.P. Eldredge, and M.I. Vales. 2008. Willamette: A chipping cultivar with high yield and specific gravity, low incidence of hollow heart and brown Center, and suitability for fresh-market usage. Amer. J. Potato Res. 85: 85-92.
- Novy, R.G., J. L. Whitworth, J.C. Stark, S.L. Love, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, M.I. Vales, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, C.C. Shock, B.A. Charlton, C.R. Brown, N.R. Knowles, M.J. Pavek, T.L. Brandt, and N. Olsen. 2008. Premier Russet: A dual-purpose, potato cultivar with significant resistance to low temperature sweetening during long-term storage. Amer. J. Potato Res. 85: 198-209.
- Okagaki R.J., M.S. Jacobs, A.O. Stec, R.G. Kynast, E. Buescher, H.W. Rines, M.I. Vales, O. Riera-Lizarazu, M. Schneerman, G. Doyle, K.L. Friedman, R.W. Staub, D.F. Weber, T.L. Kamps, I.F. E. Amarillo, C.D. Chase, H.W. Bass, and R.L. Phillips. 2008. Maize Centromere Mapping: A Comparison of Physical and Genetic Strategies. J Heredity 99: 85-93.
- Riera-Lizarazu, O., M.I. Vales, and S.F. Kianian. 2008. Radiation hybrid (RH) and HAPPY mapping in plants. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 120: 233-240.
- Riera-Lizarazu, O., M.I. Vales, and S.F. Kianian. 2008. Radiation hybrid (RH) and HAPPY mapping in plants. In: M.J. Puertas and T. Naranjo (eds.), Reviews in Plant Cytogenetics. p. 45-52. S. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, Basel, Switzerland.
- Johnson, E.B., V.J. Nalam, R.S. Zemetra, and O. Riera-Lizarazu. 2008. Mapping the compactum locus in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its relationship to other spike morphology genes of the Triticeae. Euphytica 163:193-201.
- Balyan, H.S., N. Sreenivasulu, O. Riera-Lizarazu, P. Azhaguvel, and S. F. Kianian. 2008. Mutagenesis and high-throughput functional genomics in cereal crops: current status. Adv. Agron. 98:357-417.
- Leonard, J.M., C.J.W. Watson, A. Carter, J. Hansen, R.S. Zemetra, D.K. Santra, K.G. Campbell, and O. Riera-Lizarazu. 2008. Identification of a candidate gene for the wheat endopeptidase Ep-D1 locus and two other STS markers linked to the eyespot resistance gene Pch1. Theor. Appl. Genet. 116:261-270.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Investigators in this program will continue to develop, refine and utilize contemporary tools in plant breeding, genetics, biology and chemistry to create basic knowledge and to develop new plant varieties, such as barley, meadowfoam, potatoes and wheat, with the best disease and pest tolerance possible and with quality attributes that allow Oregon growers to expand and enter new markets. This program has two major foci: crop variety development and genetic diversity. The crop variety subprogram conducted experiments and activities to develop new potato varieties with high quality yield and resistance to major pests and diseases for the Pacific Northwest industry, including preliminary and advanced potato variety trials and seed increases for future trials, parental evaluation, crossing, multi-years selections and testing. Investigators are also working on development of new types of wheat cultivars with kernel attributes designed for specific end products. Investigators in the genetics subprogram specifically conducted molecular breeding, germplasm screening and evaluation for potato and wheat variety development. Activities in wheat genetics include gene discovery, chromosome manipulation and gene transfer, and gene flow. Classical and contemporary breeding genetics tools will be used to determine the genetic basis of economically important traits. Investigators will also study gene migration, via pollen, seed and vegetative propagules, from transgenic glyphosate resistant creeping bentgrass seed production fields into adjacent areas. Results have been communicated by publications in refereed journals, popular press, and presentations at local, regional, national and international meetings. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Growers, producer groups, agricultural consultants, agribusiness operations, cooperating researchers, government officials. Growers, packers, shippers, processors, and crop advisors in the potato industry. Farmers, food processors, rural communities. wheat scientists, breeders, producers, and end-users. Seed industries, seed producers, vegetable, crop and flower growers. growers, seed industry, ag chemical dealers, grain cooperatives, extension personnel, ag consultants, and technical staff of the milling and baking industry. farmers, scientists, non-native speakers, consumers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
New crop varieties are needed in order to provide a stable, sustainable and healthy supply of food, fuel and fiber. The Pacific Northwest produces 60 percent of the U.S. fall potato crop. The TriState Potato Program, which includes OSU, Washington State University, University of Idaho and USDA/ARS, plays and important economic role in the potato industry. OSU has released nine varieties since 1995 and is currently in the process of releasing three additional lines; the TriState Potato program is currently releasing another fourteen. Several selections in the Oregon program appear to offer significant improvements over currently available varieties. The program also includes promising clones with late blight, virus, or nematode resistances. Eventual releases with these characteristics will offer economic advantages for lower input production costs and reduced use of environmentally unfriendly protectants. The Oregon wheat quality program worked with the Oregon wheat breeding program to select for improved wheat quality to enhance export competitiveness of Oregon wheat. This program contributed to the release of 3 wheat varieties: Goetze, Norwest 553 and Tubbs06 and the potential placement of two more lines. These new varieties are now leading in terms of acreage and performance in the Pacific Northwest; the lines help reduce economic losses from grassy weeds, increase management options, and further increase production efficiency. Investigators are also engaged in fundamental studies to further scientific understanding of composition and functionality relationships in wheat-based foods. Wheat genetics investigators have developed "fast-track" testing in the short period between late-summer harvest and fall replanting of the winter wheats. This has often allowed the breeder to move a promising line forward to seed increase with confirmatory quality data at least one whole year faster than previously. Studies on chromosome manipulations have contributed to advancements in wheat genomics. Investigators studying barley have contributed to a fundamental understanding of the genes that drive adaptation of fall sowing and the genetics of disease resistance, which is resulting in barley varietals that will yield more nutritious and valuable grain.
Publications
- Nonogaki H, Liu P-P, Pupel P, Asahina M, Montgomery TA, Fahlgren N, Kasschau KD, Carrington JC, Martin RC. 2007. De-repression during seed germination. 2nd International Society for Seed Science (ISSS) Workshop on Molecular Aspects of Seed Dormancy and Germination (Salamanca, Spain)
- Hewitt JR, Coppersmith JL, Liu P-P, Hong K, Sun J, Homrichhausen TM, Martin RC, Nonogaki H. 2007. Germination potential during seed development. 2nd International Society for Seed Science (ISSS) Workshop on Molecular Aspects of Seed Dormancy and Germination (Salamanca, Spain)
- Nonogaki H, Liu PP, Montgomery TA, Fahlgren N, Kasschau KD, Carrington JC. 2007. Repression of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR10 by microRNA160 is critical for plant development. 18th International Conference on Arabidopsis Research (Beijing, China)
- Martin RC, Nonogaki H, Liu P-P. 2007. microRNA isolation and detection from seeds. Plant and Animal Genome XV Conference (San Diego, CA) Limin, A., A.Corey, P. Hayes, and D. B. Fowler. 2007. Low-temperature acclimation of barley cultivars used as parents in mapping populations: response to photoperiod, vernalization and phenological development. Planta. 226.139-146
- Hayes, P.M. 2007. Whats your barley Brewers Guardian. 136.46.
- Stark J.C., R.G. Novy, S.L. Love, J.L. Whitworth, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, A.R. Mosley, M.J. Pavek, N.R. Knowles, R.E. Thornton, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, N. Olsen, and M.I. Vales. 2007. Blazer Russet: An Early to Mid-Season Potato Cultivar with High U.S. No. 1 Yields and Good Processing and Culinary Qualities. Amer. J. Potato Res. (in press)
- Mosley A.R., S. Yilma, D.C. Hane, S.R. James, K.A. Rykbost, C.C. Shock, S.L. Love, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, R.E. Thornton, B.A. Charlton, E.P. Eldredge and M.I. Vales. 2007. Willamette: A Chipping Cultivar with High Yield and Specific Gravity, Low Incidence of Hollow Heart and Brown Center, and Suitability for Fresh-Market Usage Amer. J. Potato Res. (in press)
- Aimee Brown. 2007. OSU University's President's report. From discovery to impact.
- Schmitz J. 2007. OSU potato breeder has a colorful job. Spudman. April 2007.
- Schmitz J. 2007. New potatoes come in many sizes, shapes and colors. Capital Press. April 13, 2007.
- Vales, M.I., and S. Yilma. 2007. Potato Breeding and Varietal Development. In: Research Progress Reports. The Oregon Potato Commission, Portland. Online: http://oregonstate.edu/potatoes/reports/2007Western Regional and Tri-State variety trial reports. 2007. Online: http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/docs.htmdocid=3019
- Yilma S., A.R. Mosley, and M.I. Vales. 2007. Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) seed meal (MFM) as a growth enhancer in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production. 91st Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America, August, Boise, ID.
- Haynes, K.G., G.A. Secor, C.A. Thill, M.I. Vales, and B.J. Christ. 2007. Resistance to Late Blight in Potato Clones Evaluated at Five U.S. Locations in 2006. 91th Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America, August,Boise, ID.
- Ottoman R, D. Hane, C. Brown, S. Yilma, A. Mosley, O. Gutbrod. M.I. Vales. 2007. Implementation of Marker-Assisted Selection for PVY Resistance (Ryadg gene) in a Potato Breeding Program. In: Abstracts of Plant & Animal Genome XV, January 13-17, San Diego, CA.
- Ottoman R, D. Hane, C. Brown, S. Yilma, A. Mosley, O. Gutbrod. M.I. Vales. 2007. Marker-Assisted Selection for Extreme Resistance to Potato Virus Y (Rysto gene). In: Abstracts of Plant & Animal Genome XV, January 13-17, San Diego, CA.
- Verbyla R., Appels A., Saint-Pierre C., Ross A.S. 2007. Fourier modelling, analysis and interpretation of high-resolution Mixograph data. J Cereal Sci. 46: 11-21.
- Wang G, Leonard J.M., Ross A.S., Peterson C.J, Riera-Lizarazu O. 2007. Identifying QTLs For The Extra-Soft Characteristic. In Wheat. Plant & Animal Genomes XV Conference. Abstract available online http://www.intl-pag.org/15/abstracts/PAG15 P05c 283.html , accessed Jan 26 2008.
- Ross A.S. 2007. Selecting for Qaulity IV: New Frontiers. Oregon Wheat, 59 [4]: 12-13.
- Nalam, V.J., M.I. Vales, C.J.W. Watson, E.B. Johnson, and O. Riera-Lizarazu. 2007. Map-based analysis of genetic loci on chromosome 2D that affect glume tenacity and threshability, components of the free-threshing habit in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 116:135-145.
- Riera-Lizarazu, O. 2007. Wheat CAP - A coordinated agricultural project for wheat. Oregon Wheat 59:12-15. March.
- Wang, G., J.M. Leonard, A.S. Ross, J. Peterson, and O. Riera-Lizarazu. 2007. Identifying QTLs for the 'extra-soft' characteristic in wheat. In: Abstracts of Plant & Animal Genome XV, January 13-17, San Diego, CA. P283
- Johnson, E., J.M. Leonard, R.S. Zemetra, and O. Riera-Lizarazu. 2007. Mapping the compactum (C) locus in wheat. In: Abstracts of Plant & Animal Genome XV, January 13-17, San Diego, CA. P295
- Leonard, J.M., C.J.W. Watson, A. Carter, J.L. Hansen, K.Garland-Campbell, R.S. Zemetra, and O. Riera-Lizarazu. 2007. Fine scale mapping of the strawbreaker foot rot resistant gene Pch1 and identification of a candidate gene for the endopeptidase Ep-D1 locus. In: Abstracts of Plant & Animal Genome XV, January 13-17, San Diego, CA. P339
- Zemetra, R.S., M. Rehman, A. Perez-Jones, J.L. Hansen, C.J.W. Watson, C.A. Mallory-Smith, and O. Riera-Lizarazu. 2007. Introgression of genes between wheat (Triticum aestivum) and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica). In: Abstracts of Plant & Animal Genome XV, January 13-17, San Diego, CA. W290
- Liu P-P, Montgomery TA, Fahlgren N, Kasschau KD, Nonogaki H, Carrington JC. 2007. Repression of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR10 by microRNA160 is critical for seed germination and post-germination stages. The Plant Journal, 52: 133-146.
- Yuan JS, Yang X, Lai J, Lin H, Cheng ZM, Nonogaki H, Chen F. 2007. The endo-β-mannanase gene families in Arabidopsis, rice and poplar. Functional and Integrative Genomics 7: 1-16
- Nonogaki H, Chen F, Bradford KJ. 2007. Mechanisms and genes involved in germination sensu stricto. In K.J. Bradford, H. Nonogaki, eds, Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination, Blackwell Publishing Plant Science, Oxford, UK. pp 264-304
- Asahina M, Chan T, Nonogaki H. 2007. Gibberellin-inducible transcription factors during seed germination in Arabidopsis and tomato. Translational Seed Biology (Davis, CA).
- Nonogaki H, Liu, P-P, Hewitt JR, Homrichhausen TM, Martin RC, Montgomery TA, Fahlgren N, Kasschau KD, Carrington JC, Gonzalez-Garcia M-P, Lorenzo O. 2007. Potential crosstalk between auxin and ABA during seed germination and postgermination. 19th International Plant Growth Substances Association Meeting (Puerto Vallarta, Mexico)
- Martin RC, Liu P-P, Nonogaki H. 2007. Seed microRNA research. In S. Adkins, S. Ashmore, S. Navie, eds, Seed Biology, Development and Ecology, CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp 354-364
- Liu P-P, Martin RC, Hewitt JR, Koizuka N, Homrichhausen T, Nonogaki H. 2007. A Seed-GUS-Expression enhancer-trap library for germination research. In S. Adkins, S. Ashmore, S. Navie, eds, Seed Biology, Development and Ecology, CAB International, Wallingford, UK. pp159-168
- Liu P-P, Gonzalez-Garcia M-P, Homrichhausen TM, Hewitt JR, Martin RC, Nonogaki H, Lorenzo O. 2007. Involvement of the plant-specific PWWP protein in hormone signaling during seed germination and post-germination. 2nd ISSS Worshop on Molecular Aspects of Seed Dormancy and Germination (Salamanca, Spain)
- Brown, C.R., Crosslin, J., Mojtahedi, H., James, S., Charlton, B. 2007. Stability and Nature of Resistance to Corky Ringspot Disease in Advanced Tetraploid Breeding Population of Potato. Am. J. Res. 84:79 (abstract).
- Brown, C.R., Quick, R.A., James, S., Halvorson, R., Halvorson, B., Halvorson, D., Halvorson, R. 2007. Tests of Specialty Breeding Lines II: Effect of Early Harvest on Total Yield and Size Profiles. Potato Progress VII (16):1-3.
- Whitworth J.L., R.G. Novy, H. Lozoya-Saldana, S. Yilma, A.R. Mosley, and M.I. Vales. 2007. Identification of potato breeding clones conferring high levels of late blight resistance to their progeny in the Toluca Valley, Mexico. Amer. J. Potato Res. 84: 313-321.
- R.G. Novy, J. L. Whitworth, J.C. Stark, S.L. Love, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, M.I. Vales, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, C.C. Shock, B.A. Charlton, C.R. Brown, N.R. Knowles, M.J. Pavek, T.L. Brandt, and N. Olsen. 2007. A93157-6LS: A Dual-Purpose, Potato Cultivar with Significant Resistance to Low Temperature Sweetening During Long-Term Storage. Amer.J. Potato Res. (in press)
- Peterson, C.J. 2007. National and global initiatives to combat cereal rust diseases. Oregon Wheat. June, pgs 16-18.
- Zapiola, M.L., C.A. Mallory, J.H. Thompson, and L.J. Rue. 2007. Gene flow from glyphosate-resistant creeping bentgrass fields: past, present, and future. Western Society of Weed Science. Vol. 60:18.
- Mallory-Smith, C. March 26, 2007. Pollen vs. seed movement: gene migration from glyphosate-resistant crops. American Chemical Society. Paper number:51
- Zapiola, Maria, and Carol Mallory-Smith, 2007. Gene Flow from Glyphosate-Resistant Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis Stolonifera L.): Gene Still on the Move. Abstract number 82 WSSA 47th Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, February 5-8.
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