Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Primary activities included replicated trials of advanced selections were conducted at five NCDA/NCSU Research Stations. These trials resulted in the release of two cultivars, Nantahala a primocane fruiting raspberry in 2007 and Von a floricane fruiting blackberry in 2012. Data including yield and post harvest attributes from the caneberry trials were posted on the Blackberry and Raspberry Portal (http://ncsu.edu/enterprises/blackberries-raspberries/production/late st-research/). Data from the strawberry trials in 2010-11 a part of a MS thesis was published in 2012. Events including 10 field days, 8 on farm demonstration sites, 8 agent training/workshops, and over 24 grower talks at the local, state, or national meetings occurred during this project time period. Products include 1 plant patent, implementation of SSR fingerprinting of Rubus breeding germplasm and identification of several QTL's for traits including heat tolerance, low and high chilling, prickles, and primocane fruiting. There have been 2 student that have graduated with MS and one with a PhD degrees. In addition, we developed a portal for blackberry and raspberry extension and research information (http://www.ncsu.edu/enterprises/blackberries-raspberries), a blog (http://teamrubus.blogspot.com/, a twitter account and facebook page for Team Rubus, Enterprise budgets for blackberry and raspberry production (http://ncsu.edu/enterprises/blackberries-raspberries/page_id=48). Dissemination of research results occurred at all of the events listed above and through the Portals, blogs and social media sites. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Growers of blackberries and raspberries in NC and the rest of the US. Efforts are described in Outcomes above. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
These trials resulted in the release of 2 cultivars, Nantahala a primocane fruiting raspberry in 2007 and Von a floricane fruiting blackberry in 2012. Von a new thornless erect blackberry was released and will be available from tissue culture nurseries in 2013 and more widely available in 2014. Nantahala is a popular variety with local and pick-your-own marketers on the east coast. In 2011, it was the fourth most popular raspberry cultivar sold in the US, with total sales exceeding 33,000 plants. Plants are being sold to commercial operations, small local growers and to homeowners. Commercial sales of Nantahala in Western NC was strong, resulting in estimated gross sales of $16,000/acre.
Publications
- Bradish, C.M., P. Perkins-Veazie, G.E. Fernandez, G. Xie, and W. Jia. 2012. Comparison of Flavonoid Composition of Red Raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) Grown in the Southern United States. J. Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 60:5779-5786. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jf203474e
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Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: In 2011 we made 20 crosses, 7291 seeds generated and approximately 2000 seedlings were planted. In addition, 39 new selections were made from seedlings established in previous years. In 2011 we had 7 replicated trials at 2 NCDA research stations. The trial at the Mountain Horticultural Crop Research Station consisted of three replicated trials with multiple new cultivars from other breeding programs and selections from our breeding program. The trials included a floricane-fruiting raspberry, floricane-fruiting blackberry and primocane fruiting-blackberry season extension study comparing high tunnel yields to field yields. At the Upper Mountain Research Station our trials consisted of four replicated experiments with new cultivars from other breeding programs and advanced selections from our program. The trials included a floricane-fruiting raspberry, floricane fruiting-blackberry, primocane-fruiting blackberry and primocane-fruiting raspberry. A replicated trial examining vermi-composts and cover crops in strawberries was conducted at the Cherry Farm Research Station. Data including yield and post harvest attributes from the caneberry trials were posted on the Blackberry and Raspberry Portal (http://ncsu.edu/enterprises/blackberries-raspberries/production/late st-research/. Data from the strawberry trials is a part of a MS thesis and will be published in 2012. PARTICIPANTS: Fernandez, G. E.; Ballington, J. R.; Sosinski, B. R.; Schroeder, M. S., Perkins, Penelope. Tobacco Trust Fund, GoldenLEAF Fund, NCDA &CS. TARGET AUDIENCES: Growers in NC and the SE United States. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
As a result of the caneberry trials enough data has been generated for us to determine yield and post harvest attributes for several advanced selections.
Publications
- Molina-Bravo, R., C. Arellano, B.R. Sosinski, and G.E. Fernandez. 2011. A protocol to assess heat tolerance in a segregating population of raspberry using chlorophyll fluorescence. Scientia Hort. 130:524-530.
- Garland, B.C., M.S. Schroeder-Moreno, G.E. Fernandez, and N.G. Creamer 2011. Influence of Summer Cover Crops and Mycorrhizal Fungi on Strawberry Production in the Southeastern United States. HortSci. 46: 985-992.
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Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: In 2010 we made 15 crosses using traditional hybridization techniques. We generated over 10694 seeds and planted seedlings at the Sandhills and Peidmont Research Stations. In 2010 we had the following trials by location, in most trials we compare standard cultivars with advanced selections from our breeding trials. Mountain Horticultural Crop Research Station: The first is a primocane fruiting raspberry trial, the second is a season extension study comparing high tunnel yields to field yields. - primocane fruiting raspberries, 8 cultivars/selections, 5 replications - primocane fruiting raspberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 2 replications under tunnel, 2 replications outside (planted April 2009) - floricane fruiting raspberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 2 replications under tunnel, 2 replications outside (planted April 2009) - floricane fruiting blackberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 2 replications under tunnel, 2 replications outside (planted April 2009) Upper Mountain Research Station: The first trial is a primocane fruiting raspberry trial. The second trial is a primocane fruiting blackberry trial both for yield comparison and row cover effect. The third trial is a season extension study comparing high tunnel yields to field yields. This study includes four high tunnel bays and a mirror outside field. - primocane fruiting raspberries, 10 cultivars/selections, 4 replications - primocane fruiting blackberries, 9 cultivars/selections, 4 replications - primocane fruiting raspberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 3 replications under tunnel, 3 replications outside (planted April 2009) - primocane fruiting blackberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 2 replications under tunnel, 2 replications outside (planted April 2009) - floricane fruiting raspberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 2 replications under tunnel, 2 replications outside (planted April 2009) - floricane fruiting blackberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 2 replications under tunnel, 2 replications outside (planted April 2009) PARTICIPANTS: Fernandez, G. E.; Ballington, J. R.; Sosinski, B. R.; Schroeder, M. S., Perkins, Penelope. Tobacco Trust Fund, GoldenLEAF Fund, NCDA &CS. TARGET AUDIENCES: Growers in NC and the SE United States. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Dr. Fernandez was sabattical study leave Jan 1- June 30, 2010.
Impacts
The caneberry industry is growing in North Carolina. For example, in 2010, there were approximately 400 acres of blackberries in production in North Carolina. Two major Grower/Distributors are now producing and selling fruit grown in North Carolina.
Publications
- Fernandez, G.E. and J.R. Ballington. 2010. Performance of Primocane-fruiting Experimental Blackberry Cultivars in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Hort Tech. 20 (6): 996-1000.
- NC Market Ready Blackberry and Raspberry Portal. 2010. http://www.ncsu.edu/enterprises/blackberries-raspberries
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: In 2009 we made 31 crosses using traditional hybridization techniques. We generated over 14,234 seeds and planted 3600 seedlings at the Sandhills and Peidmont Research Stations. in 2009 we had the following trials by location, in most trials we compare standard cultivars with advanced selections from our breeding trials. Mountain Horticultural Crop Research Station: The first is a primocane fruiting raspberry trial, the second is a season extension study comparing high tunnel yields to field yields. - primocane fruiting raspberries, 8 cultivars/selections, 5 replications - primocane fruiting raspberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 2 replications under tunnel, 2 replications outside (planted April 2009) - floricane fruiting raspberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 2 replications under tunnel, 2 replications outside (planted April 2009) - floricane fruiting blackberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 2 replications under tunnel, 2 replications outside (planted April 2009) Upper Mountain Research Station: The first trial is a primocane fruiting raspberry trial. The second trial is a primocane fruiting blackberry trial both for yield comparison and row cover effect. The third trial is a season extension study comparing high tunnel yields to field yields. This study includes four high tunnel bays and a mirror outside field. - primocane fruiting raspberries, 10 cultivars/selections, 4 replications - primocane fruiting blackberries, 9 cultivars/selections, 4 replications - primocane fruiting raspberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 3 replications under tunnel, 3 replications outside (planted April 2009) - primocane fruiting blackberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 2 replications under tunnel, 2 replications outside (planted April 2009) - floricane fruiting raspberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 2 replications under tunnel, 2 replications outside (planted April 2009) - floricane fruiting blackberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 2 replications under tunnel, 2 replications outside (planted April 2009) Piedmont Research Station: They are all selection yield comparison trials. The high tunnel bays include 6 cultivars from each outside trial and an additional row used for pruning studies. - primocane fruiting raspberries, 12 cultivars, 3 replications, outside - floricane fruiting raspberries, 8 cultivars/selections, 4 replications, outside - floricane fruiting blackberries, 8 cultivars/selections, 4 replications, outside - primocane fruiting raspberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 1 replication under tunnel - floricane fruiting raspberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 1 replication under tunnel - floricane fruiting blackberries, 6 cultivars/selections, 1 replication under tunnel - primocane fruiting raspberries, 2 cultivars/selections, 3 replications under tunnel Oxford Tobacco Research Station: Each trial is a selection evaluation trial. - floricane fruiting raspberries, 4 cultivars/selections, 4 replications - primocane fruiting raspberries, 7 cultivars/selections, 4 replications - floricane fruiting blackberries, 8 cultivars/selections, 4 replications PARTICIPANTS: Fernandez, G.E.; Ballington, J.R.; Sosinski, B.R.; Schroeder, M.S.; Perkins-Veazie, P.M. Tobacco Trust Fund, GoldenLEAF Fund, NCDA&CS. TARGET AUDIENCES: Growers in NC, attended SMall Fruit Field Day June 2009. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The caneberry industry is growing in North Carolina. For example, in 2009, there were approximately 400 acres of blackberries in production in North Carolina. 'Nantahala' has been planted in NC, TN, NY and CA. It is being propagated and sold from 3 nurseries for larger scale planting in 2010. Over 100 people were in attendance at a Field Day in June at the Piedmont Research Station in June 2009. In attendance were potential growers are seeking information on growing both blackberries and raspberries. The Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium held regional blackberry agent training was held in August 2009 for agents from NC, SC, TN, GA, VA and AR.
Publications
- Fernandez, G.E., Ballington, J.R., and Bryson, S.J. 2009. Nantahala Red Raspberry. HortScience. 44(1): 25-26.
- Tzanetakis, I.E., Guzman-Baeny, T.L., VanEsbroeck, Z.P., Fernandez, G.E., and Martin, R.R. 2009. First report of Impatiens necrotic spot virus in blackberry in the United States. Plant Disease. Accepted. PD-08-08-0506-PDN.R2
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Outputs Activities: In 2007-8 we made 49 crosses using traditional hybridization techniques. We generated over 49,000 seeds and approximately 50 percent of these were germinated. Most of the treated seeds were lost due to a rodent infestation. Of the remaining seedlings, we planted 1300 (1100 in Salisbury and 200 in Sandhills). In our replicated trials, several promising primocane fruiting (PF) and Floricane fruiting FF raspberry selections are emerging. NC 344 did well in Salisbury and but was not as productive in Oxford. The selections, NC 548, NC 612 NC 621 will go into replicated FF trials in 2009. The selection, NC 452, a PF raspberry will go into a replicated trial in 2009. In general, PF raspberries are doing very well in the NC Mountains and season of harvest can be manipulated with tunnels and rowcovers. The selection, NC 451, a late season primocane fruiting red raspberry, now named Nantahala continued to perform well in all trials. NC 536 and NC 537 looks like the most promising PF blackberries, although total yields are lower than material from other programs. PF blackberries did well in the NC Mountains at the Upper Mt. Research Station in Laurel Springs. All PF blackberry fruit severely damaged at 21F. The molecular map of NC 497 X Qualicum is under construction. We have evidence that the mapping population segregates for multiple traits including chilling requirement, heat tolerance, prickles density/presence and fruit color. Events: Bramble research activities were discussed at: several county grower meetings, a NCDA Small Fruit Field Day, the SE Strawberry Expo field tours, and at the annual meeting of the NCCC-22 small fruit and viticulture research group held in NC in 2008 Products: Plant patent for NC 451 Raspberry plant named Nantahala applied for in 2007. Dissemination Bramble research activities were discussed at: several county grower meetings, a NCDA Small Fruit Field Day, the SE Strawberry Expo field tours, and at the annual meeting of the NCCC-22 small fruit and viticulture research group held in NC in 2008. PARTICIPANTS: Absalom Shank. NCSU Ag. Research Technician. Ramon Molina Bravo. Graduate Research Assistant. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences: NC blackberry and rasberry growers. NC Cooperative Extension County Agents. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The caneberry industry is growing in North Carolina. For example, in 2008, over 200 new acres of blackberries came into production in western North Carolina. This is at least a 50% increase over the previous year. In addition, a grower organization was formed in late 2007, the North Carolina Commercial Blackberry and Raspberry Growers Association. Attendance at Field Days and County Grower meetings is strong as many potential growers are seeking information on growing both blackberries and raspberries.
Publications
- Leandro, L., Guzman, T., Ferguson, L.M., Fernandez, G.E., and Louws, F.J. 2007. Population dynamics of Trichoderma in fumigated and compost-amended soil and on strawberry roots. Applied Soil Ecology. 35(1): 237-246
- Leandro, L., Louws, F.L., and Fernandez, G.E. 2007. Strawberry Growth and Productivity in Fumigated and Compost-Amended Production Systems. Hort Science. 42: 227-231.
- Ballington, J.R. and Fernandez, G.E. 2008. Rubus breeding for the Southeastern United States. Acta Hort. 777:87-90.
- Warmund, M.R., Guinan, P., and Fernandez, G. 2008. Temperatures and Cold Damage to Small Fruit Crops Across the Eastern U.S. Associated with the April 2007 Freeze. HortScience. 43:1643-1647.
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