Progress 02/09/07 to 02/08/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Information from our projects target the general horse enthusiast. This includes university students, local 4H and FFA groups, and extension meeting attendees. Additionally, scientists and equine professionals are included in our target population. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? This project allowed multiple undergraduate students to learn how to handle stallions and horses, collect and process semen, analyze reproductive capability of stallions, and improved their oveall general horse management abilities. These are all things that they would not be able to attain without working on a research project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The data collected have been incorporated into numerous undergraduate and graduate level lectures, been presented at scientific researdch meetings and extension outings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? We plan to further expand on the digestible energy model previously created making it more user friendly as well as more inclusive of different types of horses (i.e exercising, at rest, etc.). Additionally, we plan on further exploring ways to improve the reproductive effieciency of the stallion.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
As a result of projects, we have added to the scientific understanding of blood hormone profiles in hemicastrated stallions, created and further improved on the only digestible energy prediction model for horses, and addrressed the ability of stallions to be able to be reproductively efficient be subjected to extreme exercise and heat.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Valdez, R., C. A. Cavinder, and C. C. Love. (2013). Plasma concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and estrone sulfate in stallions following hemicastration. Equine Sci. Symp. (ESS). Ruidoso, NM. Pg.374.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Rosenberg, J. L., C. A. Cavinder, C. C. Love, S. R. Teague, D. H. Sigler, D. D. Varner, T. L. Blanchard, and M. M. Vogelsang (2013). Effects of strenuous exercise on stallion sperm quality. Prof. Anim. Sci. 29:482-489.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Arnold (2013). The development and evaluation of a mathematical model to predict digestible energy intake of broodmares based on body condition changes. J. Anim. Sci. 91:2169-2177.
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This year 2 projects were completed and data were presented at 2 national meetings. These projects addressed heat stress in stallions and potential effects on sperm output. Data was presented at the ASAS Southern Section meeting in Birmingham, AL and ASAS National meeting in Phoenix, AZ. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Data from these projects resulted in further understanding that strenuous exercise in stallions in hot and humid environments does not negatively impact sperm output. This information is valuable to stallion owners and breeders and gives further information that lends us to believe that strenuous exercise will not lower sperm production.
Publications
- Perrin, A. L., C. A. Cavinder, D. D. Varner (2012). Determination and correlation of internal and external scrotal temperature in stallions. American Soc. of Animal Sci. (Southern Sections). Birmingham, AL.
- Cavinder, C. A., S. A. Burns, J. A. Coverdale, C. J. Hammer, K. Hinrichs, and G. Holub (2012). Late gestational nutrition of the mare and potential effects on endocrine profiles and adrenal function of the offspring. Prof. Anim. Sci. 28(3):344-350.
- Mawyer, J. D, C. A. Cavinder, M. M. Vogelsang, D. H. Sigler, C. C. Love, S. P. Brinsko, T. L. Blanchard, S. Teague, and R. K. Gordon (2012). Thermoregulation of the testicle in response to exercise and subsequent effects on seminal characteristics in stallions. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (8):2532-2539.
- Cordero, V. V., C. A. Cavinder, L. O. Tedeschi, D. H. Sigler, M. M. Vogelsang, and C. E. Arnold (2012; in-press). The development and evaluation of a mathematical model to predict digestible energy intake of broodmares based on body condition changes. J. Anim. Sci.
- McCormick, J. D., R. Valdez, P. C. Rakestraw, D. D. Varner, T. L. Blanchard, C. A. Cavinder, A. K. Sudderth, A. Kiser and C. C. Love (2012). Effect of surgical technique for unilateral orchiectomy on subsequent testicular function in Miniature Horse stallions. Equine Vet. J. 44(S43):100-104.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: A total of 6 presentations at 4 separate research symposiums were made in 2011 concerning research conducted involving reproductive capability of equine. The audiences were researchers from across the US and World that are involved with animal sciences. The dissemination of the findings of the projects have welcomed many questions concerning heat stress of the stallion along with the identification of possible sperm related abnormalities associated with heat stress. Additionally, related content of our research was presented at the Texas A&M Equine Breeders Schools held annually on campus. Two publications currently have been accepted but not released into publication yet (both peer reviewed journal publications)(submitted in 2011). PARTICIPANTS: Drs. Dennis Sigler, Louis Tedeschi and Martha Vogelsang have both been instrumental in project design, method implementation, and data analyses. TARGET AUDIENCES: Our research focuses on providing information for people involved in the equine industry as a whole. Information that will affect the breeder/owner in a positive manner is the subject of our research. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Results from research conducted have attributed to more defined information in regards to seeking additional funding for future projects. Data from our projects indicates how stallions may be exercised without directly impacting sperm quality; thus, giving breeders and practitioners more comfort in knowing that the stallion can be utilized in a physiological manners without reducing sperm quality. Additionally, methods used to achieve our projects have attributed to information utilized for other researchers and veterinarians to utilize in their practices.
Publications
- Vogelsang, M. M., M. Tondre, S. G. Vogelsang, C. A. Cavinder, C. Honas (2011). Evaluation of hCG or deslorelin for enhancing ovulation and subsequent pregnancy rate in mares in a commercial setting. American Soc. of Animal Sci. (ASAS). New Orleans, LA.
- Professional meeting papers and abstracts: Mawyer, J. D., R. K. Gordon, C. A. Cavinder, M. M. Vogelsang, D. H. Sigler, C. C. Love, S. P. Brinsko, and T. L. Blanchard (2011). Thermoregulation of the testicle in response to exercise and subsequent effects on seminal characteristics in stallions. Equine Sci. Symp. (ESS). Murfeesboro, TN. Pg.317.
- Cavinder, C. A., V. Cordero, L. O. Tedeschi, and D. H. Sigler (2011). Development of a nutritional model for the assessment of body condition and digestible energy requirements in broodmares. American Soc. of Animal Sci. (ASAS). New Orleans, LA. Pg. 674.
- Mawyer, J. D., R. K. Gordon, C. A. Cavinder, M. M. Vogelsang, D. H. Sigler, and (2011). Novel approach to measuring internal scrotal temperature in stallions utilizing a thermal sensory device. American Soc. of Animal Sci. (ASAS). New Orleans, LA. Pg. 673.
- Huth, L., C. A. Cavinder, D. H. Sigler, and N. Cohen (2011). Effect of concentrate form on Gastric Ulcer Syndrome in horses. American Soc. of Animal Sci. (ASAS). New Orleans, LA. Pg. 673.
- Standridge, S., C. T. Bearden, C. A. Cavinder, C. Love (2011). Relationship between sperm quality measures of cooled-shipped semen and fertility. Soc. for the Study of Reprod. (SSR). Portland, OR.
- Mueller, C. J., D. H. Sigler, J. A. Coverdale, N. D. Cohen, M. M. Vogelsang, C. A. Cavinder, J. L. Lucia (2011). Effects of intra-articular lipopolysaccharide injection on circulating leukocyte population in yearling horses. American Soc. of Animal Sci. (ASAS). New Orleans, LA. Pg. 673.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This year we finalized the collection of data from a few projects with results to be described at professional symposiums in 2011. Projects included: 1. Thermal regulation of the testicle in response to exercise and subsequent effects on seminal characteristics in stallions. This project explored using a novel technique to characterize inter-scrotal temperatures of stallions in relation to exercise. 2. Effect of concentrate form on Gastric Ulcer Syndrome in exercising horses. This project, although not reproduction oriented, explored various feed forms and how they impact gut health in equine. 3. Fertility evaluation for cooled and shipped stallion spermatozoa. This project evaluated over 400 mare cycles and over 140 different stallions to characterize multiple sperm parameters on embryo recovery success rate. 4. Development of a nutritional model for the assessment of body condition and digestible energy requirements in broodmares. Data from this project has patent potential and will be a much needed tool for more exact feed requirements in mares in order to alter body condition. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Findings from currently listed projects have yet to reveal significant impacts because the results have yet to be reported. However, the novel approach to calculating internal scrotal temperature has a couple applicable components; 1. we are the first to successfully surgically implant the device, 2. data will illustrate more exact and effect temperature fluctuations which effect testicular function.
Publications
- Thorson, J. F., B. J. Karren, M. L. Bauer, C. A. Cavinder, J. A. Coverdale, and C. J. Hammer (2010). Effect of selenium supplementation and plane of nutrition on mares and their foals: Foaling data. J. Anim. Sci. 88:982-990.
- Karren, B. J., J. F. Thorson, C. A. Cavinder, C. J. Hammer, and J. A. Coverdale (2010). Effect of selenium supplementation and plane of nutrition on mares and their foals: Selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase. J. Anim. Sci. 88:991-997.
- Cavinder, C.A., J. L. Zoller, G. Briers, and D. H. Sigler (2010). Sexual behavior and blood hormone profiles around time of ejaculation and subsequent sperm characteristics in stallions. Prof. Anim. Sci. 26:540-546.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This year we have completed and analyzed the effects of late gestational nutrition and the subsequent effects on the offspring a year after parturition. Additionally, we have completed a study and analyzed the results from a project identifying blood hormone concentrations around times of ejaculation in stallions and compared them to semen parameters based on sexual behavior characteristics. The results of these projects have been included in 2 different professional meetings in Colorado and also used in teaching of courses at the University. Furthermore, some information is being used to teach horse owners and breeders at workshops help on campus. All in all, the total project output has resulted in 7 conference presentations and numerous on campus and in class presentations for the past 4 years. PARTICIPANTS: JBS United, Indiana. Supplied "in-kind" support of product supplement for stallion fatty acid study. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
This project has made our scientists more aware of the interactions of omega-3 fatty acids on stallion seminal characteristics and the effects of nutrition on the late gestating mare. The knowledge we have gained has contributed to the body of previous work and better clarifies nutritional management of the horse. Data has also better clarified the nutritional needs of the mare and foal, identified doseage recommendations of ACTH for horses, and supported previous information reported on effects of seminal characteristics for stallions being fed fatty acids.
Publications
- Thorson, J. F., B. J. Karren, M. L. Bauer, C. A. Cavinder, J. A. Coverdale, and C. J. Hammer (2009). Effect of selenium supplementation and plane of nutrition on mares and their foals: Foaling data. J. Anim. Sci.
- Karren, B. J., J. F. Thorson, C. A. Cavinder, C. J. Hammer, and J. A. Coverdale (2009). Effect of selenium supplementation and plane of nutrition on mares and their foals: Selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase. J. Anim. Sci.
- Grady, S. T., C. A. Cavinder, S. P. Brinsko, D. W. Forrest, J. E. Sawyer, and B. D. Scott (2009). Dietary supplementation of two varying sources of omega-three fatty acids and subsequent effects on fresh, cooled, and frozen seminal characteristics of stallions. J. Prof. Anim. Sci.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: A stallion study concerning omega 3 fatty acids supplementation was completed in September. The information obtained will be submitted for dissemination at the 2009 Equine Science Symposium (ESS). An additional stallion study to evaluate endocrine status around times of ejaculation as compared to sexual behavior was completed in the previous year as well. Currently the data is being analyzed with potential submission to ESS. A mare study concerning the hormonal status of foals from mothers who were either fed for maintenance or overnutrition was started in 2006 and is in the final stages of analysis. Results will be reported in the upcoming year. In addition to the goals set forth by this project, we have added a study to analyze the adrenal function of these foals at 18 months of age. This portion of the study will also be submitted to ESS for potential dissemination to the public. PARTICIPANTS: Sicilia Grady received a Masters degree from the omega 3 project. She is currently working on a DVM at Colorado State University. Jennifer Seale is an MS student who was responsible for most of the work involved with the stallion enodocrinology and sexual behavior study. Stephanie Burns is an undergraduate student who conducted the research pertaining to adrenal function in the long yearling study. Michaelle Blake is currently analyzing the data on maternal nutritional effects on the subsequent foal. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Results from our stallion omega 3 study suggests that there are no beneficial effects to sperm from feeding of DHA. This both agrees and disagrees with previous studies.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
To date I have 2 projects in which data have been collected and the analytical process has been initiated. Both projects address nutritional effects on reproductive efficiencies in the mare and stallion. The mare project addresses circulating concentrations of leptin, IGF-1, and cortisol in late gestating mares of a body condition score of either a 4.5 or 6 and greater. This project also addresses the effect of the mare's body condition on the subsequent foal. The other project that has been completed is in reference to seminal characteristics of stallions fed diets supplemented with different sources of omega-3 fatty acids. Both diets contain different sources of fat (1 is an algal/flax source, and the other is marine based) and are similar in the omega-3:omega-6 ratio. The parameters being analyzed include progressive motility and other sperm profiles along with morphology, and acrosome integrity.
Impacts
Findings from the current mare/foal project will better indicate hormonal concentration profiles of pre-foaling mares along with potential effects on neonatal hormone concentrations. Findings from the stallion project may give better indication to proper fat supplementation (both quantity and proper ratio of omega-3:omega-6) in equine diets to enhance sperm characteristics.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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