Progress 03/01/07 to 08/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: A field study was conducted during the period of May 2007 to August 2008 that continuously collected baseline data on air emissions (gases - ammonia and carbon dioxide; and particulate matters - PM10, PM2.5) from a commercial turkey production facility in central Iowa and from a research facility at the University of Minnesota. Data on air emissions and production parameters were collected and analyzed from four flocks of Hybrid hen and tom turkeys grown to 12 and 20 weeks of age, respectively. The results of the study have been disseminated to turkey producers, industry professionals and researchers through delivery of presentations and distribution of technical papers at local, regional, national, and international conferences. A series of manuscripts are being prepared for publication in peer-reviewed journals. PARTICIPANTS: Hongwei Xin (Project Director), Robert Burns (Co-PD), Hong Li (Co-PD), Steve Hoff (Co-PD), Jay Harmon (Co-PD), Jacek Koziel (Co-PD), Eric Brumm (Undergraduate Research Assistant), and Juliano Severo (Graduate Research Assistant) - Iowa State University; Larry Jacobson (Co-PD) and Sally Noll (Co-PD) - University of Minnesota. TARGET AUDIENCES: Turkey producers, researchers, technical service providers, and environmental regulatory agencies. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Aerial ammonia and particulate matters are the predominant pollutants associated with poultry production. Considerable progress has been made toward the collection of baseline data on air emissions from U.S. animal feeding operations. The animal species that have been covered include broilers, laying hens, and swine. More baseline data collection is forthcoming through an air consent agreement (ACA) reached between the U.S. EPA and the broiler, layer, swine and dairy industries. However,a very limited amount of data exists concerning turkey air emissions, both domestically and globally, despite the important role of turkey operations in U.S. poultry production and contribution to the national emission inventory. Based on our one-year continuous measurement in Iowa and Minnesota, ammonia emission was found to be 144 grams per tom turkey marketed (6-20 weeks of age) and 104 grams per hen turkey marketed (6-12 weeks of age), with both values including downtime (i.e., empty barns between flocks)emissions. The PM10 emission was 29 grams per tom turkey marketed and 5 grams per hen turkey marketed. The PM2.5 emission was 3.8 grams per tom turkey marketed (not monitored for the hen turkeys). Data from this extensive turkey air emissions study, the only one completed in the United States to date, provides research-based information for improving the national emissions inventory and the process-based modeling of air emissions from animal feeding operations in the United States.
Publications
- Li, H., Xin. H., Burns, R.T., Jacobson, L.D., Noll, S.L., Hoff, S.J., Harmon, J.D., Koziel, J. and Celen, I. 2009. Air emissions from tom and hen turkey houses in the U.S. midwest. Paper #096318 in Proc. 2009 ASABE Annual Meeting, Reno, NV. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, MI: ASABE.
- Li, H., Xin, H., Burns, R.T., Jacobson, L.D., Noll, S.L., Hoff, S.J., Harmon, J.D., and Koziel, J. 2009. Can mass balance be trusted in estimating N loss for meat-poultry housing Paper #096323 in Proc. 2009 ASABE Annual Meeting, Reno, NV. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, MI: ASABE.
- Li, H., Xin, H., Burns, R.T., Jacobson, L.D., Noll, S.L., Hoff, S.J., Harmon, J.D., and Koziel, J. 2009. Assessment of environmental factors affecting PM emission from turkey barn. Paper #096325 in Proc. 2009 ASABE Annual Meeting, Reno, NV. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, MI: ASABE.
- Li, H., Xin, H., Burns, R.T., Hoff, S.J., Harmon, J. D., Jacobson, L.D., and Noll, S. L. 2008. Effect of measurement schemes on estimation of ammonia and particulate matter emissions from a turkey barn. Proc 8th International Livestock Environment Symposium. Iguassu Falls, Brazil. St Joseph, MI: ASABE.
- Li, H. 2008. Air emission from turkey operations. National Poultry Waste Management Symposium. Des Moines, IA.
- Xin, H. 2008. Monitoring of air emissions from Iowa turkey barns. Iowa Turkey Federation Area Educational Meetings. Storm Lake, Jewel, and Washington, IA.
- Xin, H. 2007. Update on turkey barn air emissions monitoring. Turkey Research Review/APV Symposium. Holiday Inn and Convention Center. Willmar, MN.
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Progress 03/01/08 to 02/28/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Air emissions, including ammonia (NH3), particulate matter (PM) of 10 micron meter or 2.5 micrometer (PM10 and PM2.5) from a tom (male) turkey barn in Iowa and a hen (female) turkey barn in Minnesota were continuously monitored for 16 and 10 consecutive months, respectively, covering four grow-out flocks for each gender. Stocking density of the birds averaged 2.6 birds per square meter (4 square feet per bird) for the toms and 4.8 birds per square meter (2.2 square foot per bird) for the hens. The progress results have been disseminated to academic community and turkey industry through local, national and international conference presentations and publications. PARTICIPANTS: Hongwei Xin (Project Director), Hong Li (Co-Project Director), Robert Burns (Co-Project Director), Steven Hoff (Co-Principal Investigator), Jay Harmon (Co-Project Investigator), and Jacek Koziel (Co-Project Investigator) - Iowa State University; Larry Jacobson (Co-Project Investigator) and Sally Noll(Co-Project Investigator)- University of Minnesota TARGET AUDIENCES: Researchers, turkey industry, environmental regulatory agencies PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Our preliminary results show the following(a) The cumulative NH3 emission (mean +/- standard error (SE)) was 158 +/- 20 grams per bird marketed for the tom turkeys over the 15-week grow-out period, and 84.4 +/- 17.9 grams per bird marketed for the hen turkeys over the 12-week period (including downtime emissions). The annual NH3 emission per unit body weight gain (BWG) averaged 9.2 grams per kilogram BWG (4.2 grams per pound BWG) for the toms and 16.3 grams per kilogram BWG (7.4 grams per pound BWG) for the hens; (b) The cumulative PM10 emission (mean +/- SE) was 36 +/- 9 grams per bird marketed for the toms over the15-week grow-out period and 4.81 +/- 1.79 grams per bird marketed for the hens over the 12-week period. The annual PM10 emission per unit BWG averaged 1.74 grams per kilogram BWG (0.79 grams per pound BWG) for the toms and 0.94 grams per kilogram BWG (0.43 grams per pound BWG) for the hens; (c) The cumulative PM25 emission (mean +/- SE) was 4.0 +/- 0.7 grams per bird marketed for the toms over the 15-week grow-out period. The annual PM10 emission per unit BWG averaged 0.23 grams per kilogram BWG (0.1 grams per pound BWG) for the toms. These results will fill the knowledge gaps in air emissions from animal feeding operations; thereby, improving the national emissions inventory.
Publications
- Li, H., Xin, H., Burns, R.T., Hoff, S.J., Harmon, J.D., Jacobson, L.D., Noll, S. 2008. Ammonia and PM emissions from a tom turkey barn in Iowa. ASABE Technical Paper # 084425, St. Joseph, MI: ASABE.
- Li, H., Xin, H., Burns, R.T., Hoff, S.J., Harmon, J.D., Jacobson, L.D., Noll, S. 2008. Effects of bird activity, ventilation rate and humidity on PM10 concentration and emission rate of a turkey barn. Proc of the 8th International Livestock Environment Symposium, Sept 1-3, 2008, Iguassu Falls, Brazil. (eds) R.R Stowell, E.F. Wheeler and H. Xin. St Joseph, MI: ASAE.
- Li, H., Xin, H., Burns, R.T., Hoff, S.J., Harmon, J.D., Jacobson, L.D., Noll, S. 2008. Effect of sampling interval on ammonia and particulate matter emissions from turkey grow-out barns. Proc of the 8th International Livestock Environment Symposium, Sept 1-3, 2008, Iguassu Falls, Brazil. (eds) R.R Stowell, E.F. Wheeler and H. Xin. St Joseph, MI: ASAE.
- Xin, H. 2008. Turkey air emissions. A presentation at the Iowa Turkey Federation Annual Turkey-Day Conference, December 2-4, 2008, Des Moines, IA.
- Xin, H. 2008. Quantification and mitigation of air emissions from broiler, turkey and laying hen facilities. Midwest Poultry Federation Convention, March 19-20, 2008, St. Paul, MN.
- Xin, H. 2008. Monitoring of air emissions from Midwest turkey barns. National Turkey Federation Annual Convention, February 10-12, 2008, San Diego, CA.
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Progress 03/01/07 to 02/29/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: A field study has been ongoing since May 2007 that continuously collects baseline data on air emissions (gases and particulate matters) from a commercial turkey production facility in central Iowa. To date, data on air emissions and the related production parameters have been collected and partially analyzed from three flocks of tom turkeys grown to 20 weeks of age (about 42 lb body weight). Progress results of the study have been shared with turkey producers, industry professionals and researchers through local area meetings, regional and national conferences.
PARTICIPANTS: Hongwei Xin, Robert Burns, Hong Li, Steve Hoff, Jay Harmon, Jacek Koziel, Larry Jacobson, Sally Noll, Eric Brumm, Juliano Severo
TARGET AUDIENCES: Turkey producers, researchers, technical service providers, regulatory agencies
Impacts
Aerial ammonia and particulate matters are the predominant pollutants associated with poultry production. Considerable progress has been made toward the collection of baseline data on air emissions from U.S. animal feeding operations, mainly through funding by the USDA Initiative for Future Food and Agriculture System (IFAFS) and the National Research Initiative Programs. The animal species that have been covered include broilers, laying hens, and swine. More baseline data collection is forthcoming through an Air Consent Agreement (ACA) reached between the U.S. EPA and the broiler, layer, swine and dairy industries. However, prior to the current project there was no funded project that systematically collected air emissions from U.S. turkey operations, even though turkey production plays an important part in U.S. poultry production and contribution to the national emissions inventory. Moreover, very meager data exist on turkey air emissions, both domestically and
globally. Thus, data from the current turkey air emissions study, the only one being conducted in the country, will provide the much-needed baseline data for improving the national emissions inventory related to animal feeding operation.
Publications
- Xin, H. 2007. Update on turkey barn air emissions monitoring. Turkey Research Review/APV Symposium, September 27, 2007, Holiday Inn & Convention Center, Willmar, MN
- Xin, H. 2008. Monitoring of air emissions from Iowa turkey barns. Iowa Turkey Federation Area Educational Meetings, April 1-3, 2008, Storm Lake, Jewel, and Washington, Iowa
- Xin, H. 2008. Quantification and mitigation of air emissions from broiler, turkey and laying hen facilities. Midwest Poultry Federation Convention, March 19-20, 2008, St. Paul, MN
- Xin, H. 2008. Monitoring of air emissions from Midwest turkey barns. National Turkey Federation Annual Convention, February 10-12, 2008, San Diego, CA
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