Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Floricultural and Ornamental Plant Producers Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: Possible new anthurium medium identified and method for formulating orchid media described. Charcoal can be used as an alternative for or in combination with cinder for production of potted anthuriums, with the added benefit of increased weed control. Use of invasive species as charcoal source can benefit sustainability of production. Media for potted orchid can be selected and managed for maximum production by understanding the relationship between water retained by the medium and water needs of the plant. Objective 2: Pesticides tested for efficacy in R. similis management and physical barriers have potential use in burrowing nematode management. Pesticides tested may provide some post-plant treatment options that can aid in the management of anthurium decline caused by nematode R. similis. Physical barriers such as weed mat have potential for use in preventing or slowing movement of R. similis into newly planted anthurium beds for non-chemical management. Objective 3: New method for outflasking anthurium introduced. Non-circulating hydroponics can be used as a sustainable low input method for acclimating tissue cultured anthuriums ex-vitro. Objective 4: Native Hawaiian shrub propagated and cultivated successfully. Vaccinium calycinum (ohelo kau la'au) can be propagated and cultivated under greenhouse conditions, a first step in evaluating a possible new crop for industry.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Lichty, J., Singleton, P., and Kim, H.J. 2015. Substrates affect irrigation frequency and plant growth of potted orchids. Acta Hort 1104.66:463-467
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Sipes, B., Myers, R., Lichty, J., and Sewake, K. 2015. Barriers to movement and spread of Radopholus similis in Anthurium. Am. Phytopathological Society. Pasadena, CA.
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Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: The target audience is primarily commercial anthurium, orchid and nursery producers in Hawaii. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Several possible chemical postplant treatments for anthurium nematode control have been identified. Initial results suggest cultural controls may have effect on nematode control on anthuriums. Seed propagation of Vaccinium calycinum was successful and a seedling population is being produced for culture trials.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Singleton, P., Lichty, J. and Kim, H.J. 2014. Anthurium productivity is limited by water and nutrient availability in volcanic cinder medium. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 1037:445-450
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Kim, H.J., Singleton, P., Lichty , J. and Kawabata, A. 2014. Water requirements of tropical ornamental crops Acta Hort. (ISHS) 1037:425-432
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Lichty, J., Singleton P.W. and Kim, H.J. July, 2014. Substrates affect irrigation frequency and plant growth of potted orchid. American Society for Horitcultural Science. Orlando, FL. Poster
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Stephens, J.Y., Myers, R., Lichty, J., Sewake, K., Sipes, B. August, 2014. Control of Radopholus similis in anthurium with spinosad, spirotetramat and thiophanate-methyl. American Phytopathological Society. Minneapolis, MN. Poster
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Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Ornamental crop producers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Oral presentation and posters presented at Society of Nematologists annual meeting and ISHS Greensys 2013 Symposium. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Five newer commercial products were evaluated for potential use in postplant control of Radopholus similis in athurium; the most promising treatments will be further tested. A seedling population of ohelo kau la’au was established. Plants are being grown out in greenhouse to help determine best culture methods for this potential new crop. Objective 1. Identify and evaluate possible alternative media for anthurium and orchid production. Six media at five fertigation schedules were evaluated for potted orchids. Post harvest performance of media and irrigation treatments were not evaluated due to irregular flowering. Objective 2. Evaluate cultural methods for control of burrowing nematode. Anthurium andraeanum ‘Waimea’ plants were inoculated successfully with burrowing nematode and treated with avermectin, thiophanate-methyl, spinosad, spirotetramat , imidacloprid or no treatment control and data on plant height, weight and nematode number collected. Data is being analyzed. Plants of anthurium ‘Pumehana’ have been established in various combinations of cinder medium beds and pots, with or without weed mat barriers to evaluate physical barriers for control of burrowing nematodes in the field. Plants will be inoculated with Radopholus similis and evaluated when problems preventing growth of sufficient inoculum are overcome. Objective 3. Assess utility of hydroponic culture to speed up production time of propagative material. Write up in progress. Objective 4. To evaluate potential new crops for the cut flower and ornamental plant industries of Hawaii. A seedling population of over 1,000 ohelo kau la’au (Vaccinium calycinum) was initiated both in vitro and in pots. Tissue cultured plantlets have been established in greenhouse. A method for induction of sporophytes from gametophytes of endemic cut foliage fern, Diploterygium pinnatum, either in vitro or in pots has not yet been determined. Objective 5. Investigate alternative cultural practices to increase efficiency of tropical crop production. Study on toxicity of boron and zinc on anthurium initiated. Effect of photoselective shade cloth on field grown anthurium 'Kalapana' and 'Arcs' in progress.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Sipes, B., Myers, R., Lichty, J., and Sewake, K. July, 2013. Management of anthurium decline caused by Radopholus similis. Society of Nematologists 52nd Annual Meeting, Knoxville, TN.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Kim, H.J., Singleton, P., and Lichty, J. October, 2013. Water requirements of tropical ornamental crops. International Society for Horticultural Science. Greensys 2013 New Technologies for Environment Control, Energy-saving and Crop Production in Greenhouse and Plant Factory. Jeju, Rep. of Korea.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Singleton, P., Lichty, J., and Kim, H.J. October, 2013. Anthurium productivity is limited by water and nutrient availability in volcanic cinder medium. International Society for Horticultural Science. Greensys 2013 New Technologies for Environment Control, Energy-saving and Crop Production in Greenhouse and Plant Factory. Jeju, Rep. of Korea.
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Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Six media at five fertigation schedules are being evaluated for potted orchid production. Solid space, total pore, water, and air space were determined per pot for six media. Plant fresh weights at 31 weeks showed a curvilinear increase with increasing water retention potential of medium at the one, two and three times a week irrigation frequencies but not at five and seven times a week. Anthurium tissue cultured plantlets outflasked directly into a noncirculating hydroponic system were compared to plants outflasked into potting medium and mist irrigation. Anthuriums transplanted into hydroponics had fewer leaves and most recently matured leaf was smaller than plants in potting medium under mist irrigation. Plants in oasis cubes in hydroponic solution were shortest. There was no significant plant loss in any treatment. Anthurium andraeanum cv. Waimea plants were inoculated successfully with burrowing nematode and four chemical treatments are being evaluated. Plants of anthurium cv. Pumehana have been established in various combinations of cinder medium beds and pots, with or without weed mat barriers to evaluate physical barriers for control of burrowing nematodes in the field. A seedling population of ohelo ai (Vaccinium reticulatum) was moved to two elevations, 213 m and 1220 m. The lower elevation plants did not thrive and most were lost; plants at the higher elevation site are thriving. A seedling population of ohelo kau la'au (Vaccinium calycinum) was initiated both in vitro and in pots. A method for induction of sporophytes from gametophytes of endemic cut foliage fern, Diploterygium pinnatum, either in vitro or in pots has not yet been determined. PARTICIPANTS: Kelvin Sewake, Brent Sipes, PEPS, CTAHR of UHM, Andrew Kawabata, TPSS, CTAHR of UHM, Roxana Cabos, PBARC, USDA. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience is primarily commercial anthurium, orchid and nursery producers in Hawaii. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Data on water holding capacity of media components can be used to determine most efficient combination of media and irrigation frequency for production of potted orchids. Noncirculating hydroponics is an alternative method for transplanting tissue cultured anthurium with minimal loss of plants, particularly for growers without misting benches. A seedling population of ohelo kau la'au is being established to help determine best culture methods for this potential new crop. Report to Hawaii ornamental industry summarizing media and irrigation inputs to maximize efficiency of production given: Singleton, Paul W., J. Lichty and N. Nakamura. 2012. Modern Water and Nutrient Management Improves Crop Productivity. 2012 Hawaii Floriculture Risk Management School, Univ. of Hawaii CTAHR, July 24-25, 2012, Hilo, Hawaii.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: To determine most efficient media for finishing and post harvest quality of potted orchids, a study testing six media and five fertigation schedules was initiated. Anthurium, orchid and dracaena tissue cultured plantlets outflasked directly into a noncirculating hydroponic system are being evaluated and compared to plants outflasked into potting medium. Seeds from plants of potential new ornamental crop ohelo (Vaccinium sp.) were collected and thirty four seedling populations of ohelo were established and grown to 4-inch potted size. Spores were collected from an endemic cut foliage fern, Diploterygium pinnatum, which is harvested commercially from the wild. Spores or sporangia were disinfested with 10% sodium hypochlorite for 10 minute, hydrogen peroxide for 5 minutes or ethanol for 10 minutes and sown on modified MS media. Only spores in the ethanol treatment germinated. For direct seeding into potting mixture, spores were disinfested by treating sporangia or spores with ethanol, 10% sodium hypochlorite or boiling water with spores hydrated or not before treatment. Gametophytes were obtained only when nonchemical disinfestations were used. PARTICIPANTS: Andrew Kawabata, TPSS, CTAHR of UHM, Kelvin Sewake, PEPS, CTAHR of UHM TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience is primarily commercial anthurium, orchid and nursery producers in Hawaii. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
A seedling population of ohelo has been established to help determine best culture methods for this potential new crop. Disinfestation methods were determined for successful germination of Diploterygium pinnatum spores for in vitro and potted culture.
Publications
- Singleton, P. W., Lichty, J., Nakamura, N., and Tanouye, H. 2011. Nutrient and Water Constraints to Anthurium Productivity in East Hawaii. HortScience 46(9):S307.
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Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Charcoal produced by a new flash carbonization technique from invasive species Falcataria moluccana (albizia) and Psidium cattleianum Sabine (strawberry guava) were tested as potting media for anthurium. Each charcoal type was tested alone and in mixes with cinder or Promix-Bx and compared to cinder or a cinder and Promix media. The results showed no significant difference in plant height, overall size, number of flowers or overall plant rating. Lower weed populations were observed on pots with media containing either charcoal. Andraeanum cv New Pahoa Red were grown in polyethylene mesh bags under 70% red, blue, gray or black photoselective shade cloth. Plants grown under red shade produced highest yield, largest flowers with least crooked stems but with shortest stems. Plants under blue shade produced the smallest flowers. PARTICIPANTS: Participants and collaborators include: Kelvin Sewake, Brent Sipes, PEPS, CTAHR; Kent Kobayashi, Andrew Kawabata, Paul Singleton, TPSS, CTAHR of UHM and William Sakai, CAFNRM, UHH. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience is primarily commercial anthurium growers in Hawaii represented by the Hawaii Anthurium Industry Association, The Big Island Association of Nurserymen and the Hawaii Tropical Flower Council PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Charcoal produced by flash carbonization from albezia and strawberry guava can be used as an alternate media for production of good quality potted anthuriums with lower weed pressure than the standard cinder mix media. Practical use of invasive species biomass in an ornamental crop would also be of benefit to Hawaii's environment. Photoselective red shade cloth has best potential for improving yields and quality of cut anthuriums, especially with cultivars prone to long and or crooked flower stems.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The charcoal media trial for potted anthuriums was initiated and preliminary data obtained. A fertigation trial for cut flower anthuriums was completed. A cultural control of Radopholus similis study was initiated. PARTICIPANTS: Participants and collaborators include: Kelvin Sewake, Brent Sipes, PEPS, CTAHR; Kent Kobayashi, Susan Miyasaka, Andrew Kawabata, Paul Singleton, Richard Criley, TPSS, CTAHR of UHM and William Sakai, CAFNRM, UHH. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience is primarily commercial anthurium growers in Hawaii represented by the Hawaii Anthurium Industry Association, The Big Island Association of Nurserymen and the Hawaii Tropical Flower Council. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Early data indicate that growth and quality of potted anthuriums grown in charcoal or charcoal:promix media were as good or better than plants grown in cinder or cinder:promix media. There were no differences in overall plant rating between media treatments. Fertigation of cut flower anthuriums grown in cinder medium can result in over 25% increase in yield and increased flower size over farm practices utilizing slow release fertilizer.
Publications
- Criley, R.A.,J. Lichty, T. Amore and M. Kashiwagi. 2008. Carbon dioxide fertilization of ex-vitro Anthurium andraeanum plantlets. HortSci. 43(4): 1090.
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The anthurium leaf pruning study was completed and data analyzed. The evaluation of effects of mycorrhyzal fungi on burrowing nematode in anthuriums was terminated due to a severe thrips infestation. The charcoal to be tested for an alternative media study was being made using new technology and has not been received yet. PARTICIPANTS: Participants and collaborators include: Kelvin Sewake, Brent Sipes, PEPS, CTAHR; Kent Kobayashi, Susan Miyasaka, Andrew Kawabata, Paul Singleton, TPSS, CTAHR of UHM and William Sakai, CAFNRM, UHH. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience is primarily commercial anthurium growers in Hawaii represented by the Hawaii Anthurium Industry Association, The Big Island Association of Nurserymen and the Hawaii Tropical Flower Council. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Pruning field grown anthurium plants did not affect flower production, however, flowers were 21% smaller on plants pruned to one mature leaf compared to plants with two or more mature leaves and flower stems were 20% shorter than for plants with three or more mature leaves. Flower stem lengths from plants pruned to two leaves or less were 8% shorter than stems from plants with three or more leaves. Anthurium plants successfully inoculated with arbuscular mycorhyzal fungi (AMF) were established in greenhouse plots then inoculated with burrowing nematodes at 700 nematodes per plant. One month after nematode application, no differences were observed in plant height, number of leaves or mean flower size although leaf sizes were smaller for plants with AMF than without. Six months after nematode application, flowers were smaller from nematode infested plants than controls, but no beneficial effects of AMF inoculation were observed.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Potted plants were established under black, grey, red and blue photoselective shade and data on cut flower production and quality are being taken. A planted area on a commercial farm has been selected for further study of photoselective shade under field conditions. Plants have been established under various pruning regimes and data are being taken on flower production and quality. A readily available plant source was chosen and charcoal is in the process of being made for testing as use as an anthurium growing medium. Plants have been inoculated with mycorrhiza for evaluation of the fungi's effect on burrowing nematode in anthuriums.
PARTICIPANTS: Participants and collaborators include: Kelvin Sewake, Brent Sipes, PEPS, CTAHR; Kent Kobayashi, Susan Miyasaka, Andrew Kawabata, Paul Singleton, TPSS, CTAHR of UHM and William Sakai, CAFNRM, UHH.
TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience is primarily commercial anthurium growers in Hawaii represented by the Hawaii Anthurium Industry Association, The Big Island Association of Nurserymen and the Hawaii Tropical Flower Council.
Impacts
Preliminary data indicate pruning cv. Kalapana plants to one mature leaf per plant does not significantly affect yield, but is detrimental to flower quality. Flowers produced by plants pruned to one mature leaf were 20 percent smaller than those from other plants and flower stems from plants pruned to one and two mature leaves were 18 percent and 8 percent shorter, respectively.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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