Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Three plant growth regulator experiments were conducted on Clerodendrum thomsoniae. In Experiment 1, single applications of three plant growth regulators were applied as foliar sprays: dikegulac-sodium, [1000, 1333, 1667, 2000 mg /L (ppm)]; benzyl adenine [25, 50, 100, 200 mg/L (ppm)] and cyclanilide [25, 50, 100, 200 mg/L (ppm)] to determine efficacy on branching of C. thomsoniae. At the concentrations used, cyclanilide and BA had no effect on branching or shoot length. Dikegulac-sodium at 1667 mg/L initially increased branching by 300%, but after 16 weeks apical dominance was regained, which negated the initial increased branching response. Dikegulac-sodium also delayed flowering. In Experiments 2 and 3, single drench applications of flurprimidol were applied in two different concentration ranges [(0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mg a.i./pot) and ( 0.0675, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg a.i./ pot), respectively] to determine the efficacy on growth inhibition. A quadratic response to flurprimidol was observed in both experiments. Ancymidol was tested at 0.5 and 1 mg/L in the first experiment with similar results to flurprimidol. Two mineral nutrition experiments, a fertilizer concentration study and nutrient disorders study, were also conducted. In Experiment 4, a green-leaf selection was grown in 2.6 L azalea pots for 129 d under five constant liquid fertilizer concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L N). Plants were destructively harvested at 37, 69, 97, and 129 days after planting and analyzed for nutrient content. Linear responses to the fertilizer levels were observed for shoot length, dry weight, pH, and EC at 69 and 129 d. In Experiment 5, elemental deficiencies of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B and toxicity of B were induced in a variegated selection. Rooted stem cuttings were planted in 1.29- L pots containing silica sand and fertilizer with a modified complete Hoagland's solution or this solution minus the element investigated. A solution containing excess B was also included in the study. Plants were harvested for nutrient analysis when initial symptoms were expressed. Nutrient deficiency symptoms were described. Foliar tissue concentration data will assist plant tissue analysis laboratories in establishing foliar nutrient standards for growers. PARTICIPANTS: Drs. M. Reddy, C. Niedziela, B. Whipker and Karen Neal a graduate student (M.S.), and one undergraduate student worked on the project. Dr. Whipker is from North Carolina State University TARGET AUDIENCES: Floriculture Industry, Nurseries and Green Industry. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Cyclanilide and benzyl adenine had no effect on branching of shoot length at the concentrations used on Clerodendrum thomsoniae. Dikegulac-sodium also delayed flowering. For Clerodendrum thomsoniae 200 mg/L nitrogen is recommended because it provided adequate fertility without excessive growth. Nutrient deficiency symptoms were described and foliar nutrient concentrations provided.
Impacts
The vine Clerodendrum thomsoniae has the potential to further expand the green industry by providing a new flowering ornamental useful for hanging baskets.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Three plant growth regulator experiments were conducted on Clerodendrum thomsoniae. In Experiment 1, single applications of three plant growth regulators were applied as foliar sprays: dikegulac-sodium, [1000, 1333, 1667, 2000 mg /L (ppm)]; benzyl adenine [25, 50, 100, 200 mg/L (ppm)] and cyclanilide [25, 50, 100, 200 mg/L (ppm)] to determine efficacy on branching of C. thomsoniae. At the concentrations used, cyclanilide and BA had no effect on branching or shoot length. Dikegulac-sodium at 1667 mg/L initially increased branching by 300%, but after 16 weeks apical dominance was regained, which negated the initial increased branching response. Dikegulac-sodium also delayed flowering. In Experiments 2 and 3, single drench applications of flurprimidol were applied in two different concentration ranges [(0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mg a.i./pot) and ( 0.0675, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg a.i./ pot), respectively] to determine the efficacy on growth inhibition. A quadratic response to flurprimidol was observed in both experiments. Ancymidol was tested at 0.5 and 1 mg/L in the first experiment with similar results to flurprimidol. Two mineral nutrition experiments, a fertilizer concentration study and nutrient disorders study, were also conducted. In Experiment 4, a green-leaf selection was grown in 2.6 L azalea pots for 129 d under five constant liquid fertilizer concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L N). Plants were destructively harvested at 37, 69, 97, and 129 days after planting and analyzed for nutrient content. Linear responses to the fertilizer levels were observed for shoot length, dry weight, pH, and EC at 69 and 129 d. In Experiment 5, elemental deficiencies of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B and toxicity of B were induced in a variegated selection. Rooted stem cuttings were planted in 1.29- L pots containing silica sand and fertilizer with a modified complete Hoagland's solution or this solution minus the element investigated. A solution containing excess B was also included in the study. Plants were harvested for nutrient analysis when initial symptoms were expressed. Nutrient deficiency symptoms were described. Foliar tissue concentration data will assist plant tissue analysis laboratories in establishing foliar nutrient standards for growers. PARTICIPANTS: Drs. M. Reddy, C. Niedziela, B. Whipker and Karen Neal a graduate student (M.S.), and one undergraduate student worked on the project. Dr. Whipker is from North Carolina State University TARGET AUDIENCES: Audience includes -- Floriculture Industry, Nurseries and Green Industry. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Cyclanilide and benzyl adenine had no effect on branching of shoot length at the concentrations used on Clerodendrum thomsoniae. Dikegulac-sodium also delayed flowering. For Clerodendrum thomsoniae 200 mg/L nitrogen is recommended because it provided adequate fertility without excessive growth. Nutrient deficiency symptoms were described and foliar nutrient concentrations provided.
Impacts
The vine Clerodendrum thomsoniae has the potential to further expand the green industry by providing a new flowering ornamental useful for hanging baskets.
Publications
- Karen I. Davis, Carl E. Niedziela Jr., Muchha R. Reddy, Brian E. Whipker, and Jonathan M. Frantz. 2009. Nutrient Requirements and Disorder Symptomology of Clerodendrum thomsoniae. Journal of Plant Nutrition (Manuscript: in review).
- Davis, Karen I., 2008. Effects of plant growth regulators and mineral plant nutrition on Clerodendrum thomsoniae (Thesis: M.S.).
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Experiment 1. To determine foliar symptomology of nutrient deficient Clerodendrum thomsoniae a greenhouse study was conducted. Rooted cuttings of Clerodendrum thomsoniae were planted in 5.25-inch pots containing 1.37 quart of acid washed silica-sand on May 4, 2007. The temperature in the greenhouse was set at day/ night temperatures of 24/18 centigrade. Plants were fertigated every two hours an automated irrigation system with a modified Hoagland nutrient solution or absent one of the eleven essential mineral nutrients. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Deficiency of nitrogen resulted in pale green leaves from day 27, the plants were stunted, older leaves chlorotic and no visible flowers whereas the control treatment was in flower. Phosphorus deficiency caused slightly chlorotic leaves and leaf margins rolled up. By day 63, yellowing, defoliation and curling symptoms became severe. Potassium deficiency developed chlorotic older
leaves with necrotic edges. Calcium deficiency caused aborted flowers at 55 days. Magnesium deficiencies resulted in intervienal chlorosis of the leaves. Micronutrient deficiencies were observed from 42 to 63 days. Born deficiencies resulted in aborted flowers, thickened and curled leaves. Experiment 2. Effect of three plant growth regulators on branching of Clerodendrum thomsoniae was evaluated in the greenhouse. Single applications of: Dikegulac-sodium, 1000, 1333, 1667, 2000 mg/liter; benzyl adenine 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/liter and Cyclanilide 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/liter to determine its efficacy on branching of Clerondrum thomsoniae. An untreated control was also maintained. Cyclanilide and Benzyl-adenine had no effect on branching and shoot length in Clerondendrum. Dikegulac-sodium increased branching initially, but the response decreased over time. Dikegulac- sodium also delayed flowering.
PARTICIPANTS: The project was conducted by Drs. Niedziela, Whipkerand Reddy and Karen Neal a graduate student(M.S.). Dr. Whipker is from North Carolina State University, other participants are from N.C A&T State University.
TARGET AUDIENCES: Green Industry,Nurseries and Floriculture Industry
Impacts
The green industry is North Carolina's third largest agricultural industry. This project has the potential to further expand this industry by providing a new flowering ornamental useful for hanging baskets.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
The objectives of this study are to: 1. Determine the effects of N-P-K fertilization on the nutrient uptake, growth and development of C. thomsoniae. 2. Evaluate the effects of dikegulac-sodium, benzyl adenine (BA), and cyclanilide on branching of C. thomsoniae. 3. Determine the effects of substrate pH on the nutrient uptake, growth and development of C. thomsoniae. 4. Develop and record visual symptoms of nutrient deficiencies for C. thomsoniae. 5. Evaluate the effects of flurprimidol on plant growth and flowering of C. thomsoniae. A series of five greenhouse experiments will be conducted over next three years with the overall goal to increase the commercialization of Clerodendrum thomsoniae (tropical bleeding-heart) through improved production performance. Mineral plant nutrition and plant growth regulator applications are two methods which will be investigated for achieving this goal. Commercial recommendations will then be prepared based on these results. Results
will be presented at scientific and grower meetings and in scientific journals and trade publications.
Impacts
NA
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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