Progress 04/01/06 to 03/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Consumer attitudes and preferences toward raw and irradiated oysters were evaluated from results of consumer surveys conducted through personal and telephone interviews. Seventy five personal interviews were conducted at the MSU-Coastal Aquaculture Unit (CAU) Open House in Gulfport, Mississippi on December 6, 2001. Another survey was conducted at the MSU-Coastal Research and Extension Center (CREC) booth and exhibit among 140 participants of the 2002 International Boston Seafood Show (IBSS) in Boston, Massachusetts on March 12-14, 2002. Telephone interviews with simple random samples of adults living in the Baltimore and Houston Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) were conducted in June of 2002. Of the eligible respondents contacted in the Baltimore MSA, 610 persons completed the interview and 85 refused to participate. Of the eligible respondents contacted in the Houston MSA, 606 completed the interview and 67 refused to participate. PARTICIPANTS: The PI did the compilation and analysis of survey data and write-up of the final reports. TARGET AUDIENCES: Oyster processors of irradiated raw oyster products have the potential to increase sales quantity and revenue by responding to the market segments identified by the results of this survey. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Revealed perceptions of the taste, texture and appearance of irradiated raw oysters as compared to fresh raw oysters varied significantly between consumers and non-consumers of raw oysters. The attitudes toward the effects of irradiation on the health of humans consuming irradiated oysters were viewed differently by consumers and non-consumers. Most of the respondents believed that irradiated oysters were not radioactive. Respondents were not very clear with respect to their opinions on the effects of irradiation on the nutritive value of oysters. The effects of irradiation on health of workers were viewed differently by consumers and non-consumers of raw oysters. Different perceptions were manifested by consumers and non-consumers of raw oysters on the whether irradiation technology can cause environmental pollution. A majority of the respondents believed that irradiation will increase food prices. Market segments consisting of participating respondents who reported eating raw oysters stated that they would be interested in buying irradiated raw oyster products. These limited market segments revealed their willingness to pay for irradiated raw oysters averaging about $6 per dozen at the supermarket. Processors of irradiated raw oyster products have the potential to increase sales quantity and revenue by responding to the market segments identified by the results of this survey. Additional consumer surveys in other Metropolitan Statistical Areas are needed to validate the results of this survey and identify other market segments of irradiated raw oyster products.
Publications
- Posadas, Benedict C., Ruth A. Posadas, and Linda S. Andrews. 2011. Consumer Preferences for Postharvest Processed Raw Oyster Products in Southern California. Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Bulletin 1194, Mississippi State, Mississippi. http://msucares.com/pubs/bulletins/b1194.pdf
- Posadas, Benedict C., Linda S. Andrews and Susan T. DeBlanc. 2011. Consumer Preferences for Irradiated Oysters. Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Bulletin 1193, Mississippi State, Mississippi. http://msucares.com/pubs/bulletins/b1193.pdf
- Posadas, Benedict C. Economic Alternatives for Gulf of Mexico Oyster Processing Sector. 2010. Proceedings of the Special Symposium: Setting the Agenda for Food Marketing and Economics Research. 2010 Annual Conference (October 19, 2010). Co-Sponsored by: The Agribusiness, Food, & Consumer Economics Research Center (AFCERC) and the Food Distribution Research Society (FDRS). http://afcerc.tamu.edu/outreach/fdrs2010.html
- Posadas, Benedict C. And Ruth A. Posadas. 2011. Consumer Preferences for Postharvest Processed Raw Oyster Products in Coastal Mississippi. Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Bulletin 1192, Mississippi State, Mississippi. http://msucares.com/pubs/bulletins/b1192.pdf
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Even before the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) oyster processing sector had been confronted by proposed federal regulations to postharvest process oysters harvested from the region's growing waters between April 1 and October 1. Twelve commercial raw oyster postharvest processing (PHP) plants operating in the United States are located in the Gulf of Mexico states. The three alternative PHP systems that are commercially available include heat-cool pasteurization, high hydrostatic pressure and individually quick freezing oyster PHP systems. In June 2009, the Florida Agriculture and Consumer Services licensed Food Technology Services Incorporated in Mulberry, Florida, to use low-dose irradiation to produce safer raw oyster products. These PHP technologies significantly reduce levels of certain bacteria that naturally occur in waters where oysters are found, provide quality raw oysters, and enhance the shelf life of raw oysters. The combined GOM states PHP capacity averaged about 43 percent of the region's oyster landings during the recent five years. When the monthly landings are broken down by individual states and linked with the regional dispersion of existing PHP plants, a complex transportation problem emerges among the individual states and oyster processors, wholesalers and distributors. The regional dispersal of the plants and the monthly differences in the volumes of oyster landings in individual states present a major challenge to the industry to supply its markets and reduce transportation costs from sources, plants and to market destinations. As a result of the regional dispersal of facilities, some states have low monthly PHP capacities. The level of analysis of PHP capacity, however, was limited to regional in scope since in some states the number of PHP plants were less than three plants. The damages of the oil spill to the region's oyster resources and the negative market perceptions of the safety of oyster products harvested from the Gulf waters added more to the uncertain future of the oyster industry. The risk and uncertainty besetting the oyster processing sector due to the combined pressures from recent natural disasters, economic recession, and massive oil spill have made it extremely difficult for them to make investment decisions about their PHP capacities in response to the proposed federal regulations. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: The results of the economic modeling and consumer surveys were presented to state regulatory agencies, seafood establishments and research and extension faculty during industry meetings and scientific conferences and web publications. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The Gulf of Mexico oyster processing sector has limited alternatives to effectively address the proposed regulations requiring PHP of oysters harvested from the region's growing waters between April 1 and October 1. These economic alternatives require decisions to invest in additional PHP, storage, and transport capacities which are dependent on the uncertain recovery of the region's oyster resources. It is recommended that detailed assessments of the PHP capacities of individual plants and states be implemented in order to better understand the responses of processing plants to the proposed federal regulations and recent disasters. Marketing decisions are also risky since the markets for oyster products have been adversely affected by the negative market perceptions about their safety. It is recommended that additional research on willingness to buy in broader geographical locations be conducted in order to better understand perceptions of safety and willingness to consume seafood products harvested from the Gulf states especially after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
Publications
- Posadas, Benedict C. 2010. Economic Assessment of the Impacts of Hurricane Gustav on Coastal Mississippi Seafood Processors and Dealers, Marinas and Livebait Dealers. Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Bulletin 1190, Mississippi State, Mississippi.
- Posadas, Benedict C. 2010. Economic Assessment of the Impacts of Hurricane Katrina on Coastal Mississippi Charter Boats for Hire, Marinas and Livebait Dealers. Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Bulletin 1185, Mississippi State, Mississippi.
- Posadas, Benedict C. Economic Alternatives for Gulf of Mexico Oyster Processing Sector. Abstract submitted to the 2010 Food Distribution Research Society Annual Conference, Destin, Florida, October 16-20, 2010.
- Seymour, Amanda K., Benedict C. Posadas, Scott A. Langlois, Randy Y. Coker and Christine E. Coker. Potential Economic Impacts of the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill to Mississippi, Sector by Sector. Abstract submitted to the 2010 Bays and Bayous Symposium, Mobile, Alabama, December 1-2, 2010.
- Posadas, Benedict C. Economic Recovery of Commercial and Recreational Fishing Fleets Following Natural Disasters. Abstract submitted to the CNREP 2010: Challenges of Natural Resource Economics & Policy. 3rd National Forum on Socioeconomic Research in Coastal Systems, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 26-28, 2010.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The two most destructive storms during the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season were Hurricanes Ike and Gustav. Hurricane Gustav made landfall in the coast of Louisiana in the morning of September 1, 2008. Weather reports that day indicated that the storm surge was as high as 15 feet in some areas in Coastal Mississippi and several sections of Highway 90 in Biloxi and Gulfport were flooded. Before the storm made landfall, massive evacuations were reported along the various evacuation routes from the coastal areas of Louisiana as well as in Mississippi. Less than two weeks later, Hurricane Ike, the worst storm that season, made landfall in Galveston, Texas on September 13, 2008. Massive devastation of property and loss of lives were reported in Texas and in other states along the path of the storm. As the state regulatory agency for marine resources, the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources (DMR) had an urgent and compelling need to complete damage assessments in the affected areas. An accurate assessment of the damages in the affected areas was needed to ensure that any federal and state assistance is both adequate and allocated to the appropriate sectors and recipients. Moreover, the disruptions in the markets of the goods and services supplied by the affected marine establishments were expected as a result of the massive devastation in nearby states created by the 2008 storms. The overall goal of this project was to assess the economic damages associated with Hurricanes Gustav and Ike to the seafood processors, dealers, marinas and live bait dealers in Coastal Mississippi. To the extent possible, the specific objectives of this project were as follows: 1. To identify all seafood processors, dealers, marinas, and live bait dealers adversely affected by recent hurricanes, 2. To identify original physical characteristics and production levels for these operations, and to provide an estimate of the costs of rebuilding or repairing the facilities structure and equipment to their pre-hurricane state, 3. To estimate foregone economic activities of these establishments and measure the associated negative economic impact on the regional economy, and 4. To conduct educational programs for the managers and regulators of the marine industries in the region. PARTICIPANTS: The PI performed most of the tasks required to complete the specific objectives of this projects. TARGET AUDIENCES: This economic assessment included all of the resident seafood processors and dealers, commercial and municipal marinas, and live bait shrimp dealers licensed by DMR and/or operating in Mississippi during the 2008-2009 season. The decision to include these marine establishments in the damage assessment was made by DMR since they fall under its jurisdiction as a state marine resources regulatory agency. The official lists of resident licensed marine establishments were retrieved from licenses for the period 2008-2009 issued by DMR. Economic information about the licensed resident marine operations collected by the PI in a previous assessment was merged with the licensing databases of marine establishments issued by DMR. Marine establishments with multiple licenses were counted only once to eliminate double counting in the total population included in the survey. The mailing lists of all resident seafood processors and/or dealers were merged to eliminate double counting of damages since some establishments were licensed as both seafood processor and dealer. A total of 142 establishments was listed by DMR as resident seafood processors and/or dealers operating during the 2008-2009 season. Most of the seafood processors were located in Harrison county, while three plants were in Hancock county and four plants were in Jackson county. The mailing list for live bait shrimp dealers operating in Hancock, Harrison and Jackson counties was generated from the 13 licenses issued by DMR for the 2008-2009 season. Seven of the dealers were located in Jackson county. There were three live bait dealers operating in each of Hancock and Harrison counties. The mailing lists of commercial and municipal marinas located in Hancock, Harrison and Jackson counties were compiled from several sources. The primary source was the mailing list used by the PI during the assessment of the damages to marinas due to Hurricane Katrina. This coastal marina database was updated using the marina listings at the DMR website and the marina listings at telephone directories (online and print). From these combined databases of marinas, a mailing list of 20 commercial and municipal marinas operating in the three coastal counties during the 2008-2009 was compiled. As of March 2009, 49 marine establishments or 28 percent of the total population of 175 marine establishments responded to the surveys. The participating marine establishments consisted of 34 seafood dealers and processors, seven live bait dealers, and eight marinas. The overall response rate was 32 percent with 28 percent of the seafood processors and dealers, 58 percent of the live bait dealers and 47 percent of the marinas responding to the survey. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: A pictorial survey of the marine establishments was conducted to generate GPS coordinates, develop benchmark digital pictures at their current locations and determine their current operational status. During this pictorial survey, several marine establishments which were not included in the three mail surveys were located and added to the original databases for future reference. Several marine establishments included in the surveys were located or have mailing addresses in residential areas. A few of the marine establishments included in the mail surveys were not located despite several attempts to locate them.
Impacts
The estimates of the total damages reported by the participating marine establishments associated with the 2008 hurricanes consisted of the damages to facilities and equipment, costs of demolition, disposal and clean up of damaged facilities, and inventory loses. The total damages and foregone sales associated with the 2008 hurricanes amounted to $11.47 million broken down as follows: damages to buildings - $1.00 million, damages to equipment and accessories - $0.46 million, costs of demolition, disposal and clean up of damaged facilities and equipment - $0.13 million, inventory losses --- $0.20 million, and forgone gross sales due to lost market channels and supply sources - $9.68 million. When viewed on a regional basis, these lost market channels and supply sources would lead to considerable reduction in the final levels of economic activity, income generation, employment creation, and tax collections in the sectors affected by the hurricanes. When the backward and forward linkages in the regional economy are considered, additional indirect and induced losses are expected. Backward linkages would include purchases of equipment, fuel, and seafood products by the participating marine establishments.
Publications
- Posadas, Benedict C. 2009. Economic Assessment of the Impacts of Hurricane Gustav on Coastal Mississippi Seafood Processors and Dealers, Marinas and Livebait Dealers. Final Report Submitted to the Mississippi Dept of Marine Resources, Biloxi, Mississippi.
- Posadas, Benedict C. And Ruth A. Posadas. Consumer Preferences for Postharvest Processed Raw Oyster Products in Coastal Mississippi and Southern California. Poster presented at the 2009 Joint Annual Meeting of AAEA and ACCI, Milwaukee, Illinois. July 26-28, 2009.
- Posadas, Benedict C. And Ruth A. Posadas. Consumer Preferences for Postharvest Processed Raw Oyster Products in Coastal Mississippi and Southern California. Abstract submitted to the 2009 Joint Annual Meeting of AAEA and ACCI, Milwaukee, Illinois. July 26-28, 2009.
- Posadas, Benedict C. Economic Impact of the Mississippi Oyster Industry at the Year 2007. September 30, 2009. Coastal Research and Extension Center. http://coastal.msstate.edu/2007EconImpactMSShrimpIndustry.html
- Posadas, Benedict C. Economic Impact of the Mississippi Shrimp Industry at the Year 2007. September 30, 2009. Coastal Research and Extension Center. http://coastal.msstate.edu/2007EconImpactMSOysterIndustry.html
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The tasks involved in estimating the economic damages to the Mississippi commercial fishing fleet associated with Hurricane Katrina have been extremely difficult and very time consuming. Most of the commercial fishermen, however, were extremely cooperative in providing the economic information required in conducting a fairly exhaustive assessment. When the hurricane hit, there were 1,030 licensed resident commercial fishing vessels and boats in Mississippi. The results of the assessment indicated massive devastation of the state commercial fishing fleet. Approximately 87% of the commercial fishing fleet reported damages associated with Hurricane Katrina. Total damages amounted to $35.3 million which primarily consisted of damages to vessels or boats, engines, and fishing gear. Only about 4.9% of the reported damages were covered by insurance since approximately 97.4% of the commercial fishing fleet did not carry any insurance coverage or were not expecting any insurance payments for damages incurred as a result of Hurricane Katrina. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The information on hurricane damages to Mississippi's commercial fishing fleet has been transmitted to local, state and federal agencies responsible for managing, regulating and assisting the commercial fishing industry. The primary short-term needs would include the removal of debris in fishing grounds and waterways, rebuilding of docking, repair, fuel and ice facilities, and creation of storm shelters for boats/vessels in safe inland waters. The economic recovery of this industry in the future will depend on the timing and magnitude of the responses of these agencies and the private sector to the devastation. Disaster assistance programs developed by the National Marine Fisheries Service which were approved by Congress in 2006 were administered by the Mississippi Department of Marine Reosurces to participating licensed operators of commercial fishing and for-hire charter boats.
Publications
- Posadas, Benedict C., Ruth A. Posadas, and William S. Perret. 2008. Estimating Economic Damages to Mississippi Commercial and Recreational Fishing Industries From Hurricane Katrina. In pages 131-144 Katherine McLaughlin (ed). Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards of Fishery Ecosystems. American Fisheries Society Symposium 64, Bethesda, Maryland.
- Posadas, Benedict C. 2008. Economic Assessment of the Impacts of Hurricane Katrina on Mississippi Commercial Fishing Fleet. Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Bulletin 1165, Mississippi State, Mississippi.
- Posadas, Benedict and Terrill Hanson. 2008. Stochastic Models for Shrimp Processing Systems. Paper presented at the Economics Session of the 2008 World Aquaculture Society Annual Meeting in Orlando, Florida. February 9-12.
- Posadas, Benedict. 2008. Economic Viability of Offshore Aquaculture in Southern California. Invited paper presented at the Forum on Sustainable Marine Aquaculture in Long Beach, California, September 19-20.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Telephone interviews with simple random samples of adults living in the Pascagoula, Mississippi and Long Beach-Los Angeles-Santa Ana, California Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) were done by the Survey Research Unit (Social Science Research Center at Mississippi State University) in June, 2007. Households were selected using random digit dialing procedures (this includes households with unlisted numbers). Within a household, the adult interviewed was selected by asking to speak with the person in the household who was 18 years of age or older and who had the next birthday or who had the last birthday (randomly asked last or next birthday). Of the eligible respondents (after randomly selecting an adult) contacted in the Long Beach-Los Angeles-Santa Ana, California MSA, 424 persons completed the interview and 75 refused to participate (another 74 households refused to participate before screening). Of the eligible respondents (after randomly selecting an adult) contacted in the Pascagoula, Mississippi MSA, 462 completed the interview and 35 refused to participate (another 15 households refused to participate before screening). The data collected from surveys of consumers in the two regions were used to develop Market Segments for postharvest processed raw oyster products. The results of these surveys will assist oyster processors, distributors, and researchers to concentrate on important quality attributes as perceived by the respondents for the development and promotion of raw oyster products. It is expected that this Market Segmentation Approach will serve as a model of evaluating consumer responses to the introduction of postharvest processed raw oyster products in other regions. PARTICIPANTS: A collaborative research and outreach program on oyster postharvest processing was jointly undertaken by the Natural Resource Economics Program (http://www.msstate.edu/dept/crec/nre.html) and the Experimental Seafood Processing Laboratory (http://www.msstate.edu/dept/crec/espl.html) of the Mississippi State University-Coastal Research and Extension Center (MSU-CREC) and the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources-Seafood Technology Bureau (DMR-STB). Collaboration and contacts were initiated and maintained among state agencies and regional fisheries industry organization from the start to the completion of the market segmentation analysis, including the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources-Office of Fisheries, Biloxi, Mississippi and the Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Development Foundation, Tampa, Florida. TARGET AUDIENCES: Presentations were made to the seafood industry during their national annual meeting in San Antonio and to seafood scientists during their annual meeting in San Antonio. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No Project Modifications information reported.
Impacts
Mississippi, along with the other states in the Gulf of Mexico has been supplying the Western states including California with shucked and half-shell oyster products for raw consumption. With the danger of illness or death associated with the consumption of raw oyster products contaminated with Vibrio vulnifucus by at-risk consumers, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has specified that oyster producing states in the Gulf of Mexico process a certain percentage of their raw oyster production with approved postharvest processing methods. The state of California also required that all oyster products which were harvested from the Gulf of Mexico from April 1 to October 1 must be subjected to approved postharvest processing before they can be sold for raw consumption in the state. With these market limitations laid down by federal and state agencies, it was deemed necessary to first explore raw oyster consumption behavior in selected markets and then evaluate the potential markets for postharvest processed raw oyster products in these markets.
Publications
- Posadas, B.C. 2007a. Economic Assessment of the Impacts of Hurricane Katrina on Mississippi Seafood Processing Plants and Dealer Houses. Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin 435, Mississippi State, Mississippi. http://msucares.com/pubs/infobulletins/ib0435.pdf
- Posadas, B. C. 2007b. Market Segmentation Analysis of Postharvest Processed Raw Oyster Products in Coastal Mississippi and Southern California. Final Report Submitted to the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources, Biloxi, Mississippi
- Posadas, B.C., L.S. Andrews, and R.A. Posadas. Consumer Preferences and Attitudes Toward Postharvest Processed Oyster Products. Paper presented at 2007 World Aquaculture Society meeting, San Antonio, Texas, February 28- March 2, 2007.
- Posadas, B.C., R.A. Posadas, and W.S. Perret. 2007. Economic Damages of Hurricane Katrina to Mississippi Commercial and Recreational Fishing Industries. Paper presented at CNREP 2007 - Second National Forum on Socioeconomic Research in Coastal Systems, Center for Natural Resource Economics and Policy, May 20-23, New Orleans, Louisiana.
- Posadas, B.C., R.A. Posadas, and W.S. Perret. 2007. Mitigating Economic Damages to Mississippi Commercial and Recreational Fishing Industries From Hurricane Katrina. Invited paper presented at the American Fisheries Society 137th Annual Meeting, September 2-5, San Francisco, California.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
An economic assessment of the commercial and recreational fisheries was undertaken in Mississippi from November 2005 to February 2006 to determine the level of damage sustained as a result of Hurricane Katrina. This assessment was a collaborative effort arising from the federal (NOAA Fisheries) and state (MS Department of Marine Resources, DMR) government agencies urgent and compelling need to complete damage assessment in the affected areas in as short a period as possible. An accurate assessment of the damage created by this storm is needed to ensure that federal funds are both adequate and allocated to the appropriate sectors and recipients. The Mississippi State University-Coastal Research and Extension Center (MSU-CREC) and the Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Extension Program (MASGEP) responded to the urgent need for information associated with the damages brought about by the hurricane to the state fishery resources and communities. The assessment of the impacts
of the natural catastrophic event on the state commercial and recreational fisheries industries covered the following resident boats/vessels and facilities: commercial seafood processors (69 plants) and dealers (141 houses), commercial fishing fleet (1,030 vessels/boats), livebait dealers (30 houses), marinas (37 facilities), for hire charter boats (100 vessels/boats), land-based support facilities (5 facilities). Data were collected from survey questionnaires mailed to all resident boats/vessels and facilities licensed in the state of Mississippi. In addition, personal interviews with fishermen and site visits of facilities were conducted in four coastal locations by DMR and MSU-CREC personnel. A total of 651 interviews with resident Mississippi commercial fishermen (510), seafood processing plants (32), seafood dealers (43), land-based support facilities (5), charter boat operators (42), marina operators (10), and livebait dealers (11) were completed. The tasks involved in
estimating the economic damages had been extremely difficult and very time-consuming. Majority of the operators and/or owners of the boats/vessels and facilities, however, had been extremely cooperative in providing the economic information required in conducting a fairly exhaustive assessment. The results of the assessment indicated massive devastation of all the sectors included in the survey. The primary short-term needs would include among others the removal of debris in fishing and recreational boating grounds and waterways, replanting of cultch materials in damaged oyster beds, rebuilding of processing, marina, docking, repair, fuel and ice facilities, and creation of storm shelters for boats/vessels in safe inland waters. The future of these industries would depend on the timing and magnitude of the response of these agencies and the private sector to the devastation.
Impacts
This assessment was a collaborative effort arising from the federal (NOAA Fisheries) and state (MS Department of Marine Resources, DMR) government agencies urgent and compelling need to complete damage assessment in the affected areas in as short a period as possible. An accurate assessment of the damage created by this storm is needed to ensure that federal funds are both adequate and allocated to the appropriate sectors and recipients.
Publications
- Posadas, Benedict C. And Ruth A. Posadas. 2006. Assessment of the Impacts of Katrina on Mississippi Commercial and Recreational Fisheries. Proceedings of the 13th Biennial International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade's Conference.
- Posadas, Benedict C. 2006a. Economic Assessment of the Impacts of Hurricane Katrina on Mississippi Seafood Processing Plants and Dealer Houses. Final report submitted to the National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, Maryland.
- Posadas, Benedict C. and Ruth A. Posadas. 2006. Economic Assessment of the Impacts of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on Mississippi Seafood Harvesting, Processing and Recreational Boating Industries. 13th Biennial International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade's Conference: Rebuilding Fisheries in an Uncertain Environment, Portsmouth, United Kingdom. http://oregonstate.edu/Dept/IIFET/
- Posadas, Benedict C. 2006b. Economic Assessment of the Impacts of Hurricane Katrina on Mississippi Commercial Fishing Fleet. Final report submitted to the National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, Maryland.
- Posadas, Benedict C. 2006c. Economic Assessment of the Impacts of Hurricane Katrina on Mississippi Charter Boats for Hire, Marinas and Livebait Dealers. Final report submitted to the National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, Maryland.
- Posadas, Benedict C. 2006d. Economic Assessment of the Impacts of Hurricane Katrina on Mississippi Recreational Boats. Final report submitted to the National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, Maryland.
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