Source: WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
AQUACULTURE, IDAHO AND WASHINGTON
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
SPECIAL GRANT
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0207457
Grant No.
2006-34468-17586
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
2006-06024
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 15, 2006
Project End Date
Sep 14, 2009
Grant Year
2006
Program Code
[QF]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY
240 FRENCH ADMINISTRATION BLDG
PULLMAN,WA 99164-0001
Performing Department
ARC
Non Technical Summary
Rainbow trout are the second largest finfish industry in the US, and burrowing shrimp are threatening the viability of the oyster industry in southeastern Washington. This project addresses a number of important issues related to the successful culture of rainbow trout, the viability of the aquaculture industry in the Pacific Northwest, and the management of burrowing shrimp.
Animal Health Component
65%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
35%
Applied
65%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
3013711105090%
3123723106010%
Knowledge Area
312 - External Parasites and Pests of Animals; 301 - Reproductive Performance of Animals;

Subject Of Investigation
3723 - Oysters; 3711 - Trout;

Field Of Science
1060 - Biology (whole systems); 1050 - Developmental biology;
Goals / Objectives
The overall purpose of this proposal is to maintain a viable aquaculture industry in both Washington and Idaho. Although the thrust of the proposal is primarily directed at the trout industry, a recent addition to the project has been the management of burrowing shrimp, which are threatening the viability of the oyster industry in southeastern Washington. The present comprehensive proposal includes researchers from Washington and Idaho pursuing 14 peer-reviewed research projects. This program addresses constraints limiting the aquaculture industry in the Pacific Northwest.
Project Methods
A Request for Proposals was distributed to researchers at Washington State University and the University of Idaho requesting proposals to fulfill the purpose of this initiative. Each of the 30 proposals received were reviewed by four scientific reviewers, two extension reviewers, and ten industrial reviewers. After listening to presentations at the annual meeting, the reviewers met with the Principal Investigator and prioritized proposals based on industry need, scientific quality, and funding availability. The 14 proposals (subawards) chosen for funding by this Special Grant can be found in Appendix A of the proposal. Each subaward lists the procedures, methodologies, and timelines used to complete the objectives of that proposal.

Progress 09/15/06 to 09/14/09

Outputs
OUTPUTS: A major thrust of the funding under this grant was allocated to strategies for controlling two major trout diseases, Coldwater Disease (CWD) and Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis virus (IHNV) infections. Coldwater disease is caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum and bacterial antigens have been investigated for their ability to induce a protective immune response. As part of this work, a diagnostic monoclonal antibody for CWD has been identified, tested and is now commercially available. Technology for overproducing Flavobacterium proteins in Vibrio species were developed that overcome the difficulty of overproducing these proteins in Flavobacterium. Analysis of Flavobacterium populations has shown that there are two subtypes, an observation that could be useful in developing control strategies. An attenuated Flavobacterium strain has been developed that appears to be a good vaccine candidate since the strain is avirulent but is able to initiate infection and present antigens in a natural context. Candidate probiotic Enterobacter strains have also been identified that inhibit CWD if they have been established in fish prior to challenge. QTLs for IHNV resistance were determined in a cross between rainbow and cutthroat trout and additional markers for disease resistance have been located in other crosses of rainbow trout. Mapping projects to determine the contribution of mitochondrial genotype to overall fish growth were carried out using androgenesis techniques that generate fish differing only in their mitochondrial genotype and showed no differences that were correlated with the mitochondrion. QTLs for trout condition factor, a measurement of fish weight to length, are being determined. In projects designed to improve fish production, alternative food sources were examined, including plant-based feed and black soldier fly larvae. Especially notable is the apparent stability of essential unsaturated fatty acids in the harvested black soldier fly larvae, which suggests that using the flies to convert waste material into palatable and nutritious fish food is practical. Experiments have shown that removing the coelomic fluid from rainbow trout eggs before fertilization resulted in increased numbers of surviving embryos in egg batches from sub-fertile females, suggesting that inhibitory factors are present in the fluid. A project also investigated aerated recirculation technology as a means of conserving water and raising fish densities and found that a substantially higher fish density is possible using recirculation to increase water oxygenation. Candidate agents to control burrowing shrimp in estuary oyster culture were tested. The production of quality sturgeon caviar was examined from various perspectives, including establishing biochemical and biophysical parameters for characterizing the caviar and then correlating these with fish traits to determine the optimal time to harvest the caviar. Accomplishments were presented at meetings, in workshops and as publications aimed at a general audience. Some of this work, like the use of black soldier fly larvae, was picked up by national news feeds. PARTICIPANTS: Washington State University. Dilip Garikipati, B.Dan Rodgers, Nathan Tucker, Eric Shelden, Kip Tyler, Shulin Chen, Barbara Rasco, Xiaonan Lu, Gregory Callahan, Beata Vixie, Jun Wang, J.H. Shin, Gary Thorgaard, Craig Steele, Paul Wheeler, Ruth Phillips, Yi-Chang (John) Chen, Marilyn Soule, Devendra Shah, Sudheesh Ponnerrasary, Douglas Call, University of Idaho, James Nagler , Ron Hardy, Ken Overturf, Wendy Sealy, Mark McGuire, Ken Cain, Timberly Maddox, Ben LaFrentz, Nicole Lindstrom Karen Plant, Rajesh Kumar Subaschandrabose Idaho State University, Sophie St-Hilaire Parsons JE, (Troutlodge), Scott LaPatra, Clear Springs Foods TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences are primarily the industries that are involved in freshwater trout, sturgeon and marine estuary shellfish cultivation. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
A diagnostic monoclonal antibody reagent for Coldwater disease has been made available through this work. Two strategies for controlling Coldwater Disease look very promising, using an attenuated isolate to develop disease resistance and using a probiotic strain to lower the chance of exposure to the disease organism transitioning to full blown infection. Both strategies should be relatively simple to implement. They need further testing but preliminary results show significant levels of control. A useful product of the mitochondrial effect on growth project is mitochondrial markers that can be used to characterize trout crosses and wild trout populations. Research into the use of black soldier fly pupae has shown a way of adding value to waste streams and using the flies to recover valuable nutrients. In particular, the unsaturated fatty acids that are essential for fish nutrition are relatively stable when incorporated into the flies. Procedures for handling trout eggs have been improved by the realization that a factor in the coelemic fluid in certain fish must be removed in order get optimal hatching. The water recirculation technology developed here appears to be able to support higher yields of fish but is unlikely to be implemented under current production practices. However, it suggests that alternate oxygenation strategies may be useful in obtaining faster fish growth. Imidacloprid was identified as a candidate agent to control burrowing shrimp in estuary oyster cultivation. Procedures and criteria for evaluating sturgeon caviar have been significantly improved. In addition to leading to better handling techniques for maintaining caviar quality, these quality benchmarks are being used in ongoing research to more accurately determine optimal methods for harvesting caviar.

Publications

  • Hugunin HA, Parsons JE, and Nagler JJ (2008) The influence of coelomic fluid on in vitro fertilization success in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 281:155-157.
  • Hugunin HA (2009) The influence of coelomic fluid on in vitro fertilization success in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). MS thesis, University of Idaho.
  • Rodgers B.D., E.H. Roalson and C. Thompson. 2008 Phylogenetic analysis of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) and IGFBP-related protein gene families. Gen Comp Endocrinol 155(1):201-7,.
  • Hugunin HA , Parsons JE, Nagler JJ (2007) The influence of coelomic fluid on in vitro fertilization success in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Poster presentation at the American Fisheries Society 137th Annual Meeting, September 2-6, 2007, San Francisco, CA.
  • Garikipati, D., S.A. Gahr and B.D. Rodgers. 2006 Identification, characterization and quantitative expression analysis of rainbow trout myostatin-1a and -1b genes. J Endocrinol 190(3):879-88,.
  • Rodgers B.D. and D.K. Garikipati. 2008 Clinical, agricultural and evolutionary biology of myostatin; a comparative review. Endocr Rev 29(5):513-34,.
  • Rodgers B.D., E.H. Roalson, G.M. Weber, S.B. Roberts and F.W. Goetz. 2007A proposed nomenclature consensus for the myostatin gene family. Am J Physiol; Endocrinol Metab 292:E371-E372,.
  • Helterline D.L.I., D. Garikipati, D.L. Stenkamp and B.D. Rodgers. 2007 Embryonic and tissue-specific regulation of myostatin-1 and -2 gene expression in zebrafish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 151(1):90-97,.
  • Garikipati D., S.A. Gahr, E.A. Roalson and B.D. Rodgers. 2007 Characterization of rainbow trout myostatin-2 genes (rtMSTN-2a & -2b): genomic organization, differential expression and psuedogenization. Endocrinology 148(5):210-15,.
  • Sealey, W., Barrows, F. T., Smith, C. E., Wacyk, J. M., Powell, M. S., Hardy. R. W. and Sheldon, E. A. (2009) Heat Shock Regulation in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is Altered by Dietary Soybean Meal Inclusion but not Anti-phospholipase A2 Antibody. Abstract presented at World Aquaculture meeting, Seattle, WA
  • Tucker NR, Ustyugov A, Bryantsev AL, Konkel ME, Shelden EA. 2009 Hsp27 is persistently expressed in zebrafish skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues but dispensable for their morphogenesis. Cell Stress Chaperones. 14:521-33.
  • Tyler, K, Johnson, B. Singh, T.S and Chen, S. 2006 Modifying Flow-Through Aquaculture Facilities with an In-Raceway Recirculation and Aeration System. 6th International conference on Recirculating Aquaculture, July 21-23, Roanoke VA USA.
  • Lu, X., Webb, M., Talbott, M., van Eenennaam, J., Palumbo, A., Linares-Casenave, J., Doroshov, S., Struffenegger, P. and Rasco, B. 2010. Distinguishing ovarian maturity of farmed white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: A potential tool for caviar production management. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58:4056-4064.
  • Shin, J.H., Oliveria, A.C.M. and Rasco, B.A. 2009. Quality attributes and microbial storage stability of caviar from cultivated white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). J. Food Science. 75(1):C43-47.
  • Ovissipour, M.R., Ghomi, M.R., Rasco, B. and Taghiof, M. 2009. Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) viscera protein using neutral proteases. Food Chemistry. 115(1):238-242.
  • Ovissipour, M.R., Taghiof, M., Motamedzadegan, A., Rasco, B., Molla, A.E. 2009. Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of visceral waste proteins of beluga sturgeon Husu huso using Alcalase. International Aquatic Research. 1(1):31-38.
  • Lu, X., Callahan, G. and Rasco, B. 2010. Predicting polarization index and follicle diameter in Acipenser transmontanus females. IFT June 17, 2010. Chicago, IL.
  • Lu, X. and Rasco, B. 2009.The use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to predict reproductive readiness of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and affects on caviar quality. IFT Annual Meeting. June 5-10, 2009. Anaheim, CA.
  • Lu, X. and Rasco, B. 2009.The use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to predict maturity stages and caviar quality in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Aquaculture America. Feb. 15-18, 2009.
  • Jordan, L.G., C.A. Steele and G.H. Thorgaard, 2010. Universal mtDNA primers for species identification of degraded bony fish samples. Molecular Ecology Resources 10: 225-228.
  • Barroso, R.M., P.A. Wheeler, S.E. LaPatra, R.E. Drew and G. H. Thorgaard, 2008. QTL for IHNV resistance and growth identified in a rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) X Yellowstone cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri) trout cross. Aquaculture 277: 156-163.
  • Bernard D., Riteau B., Hansen J.D., Phillips R.B., Michel F., Boudinot P., Benmansour A..J. Immunol. 2006. Costimulatory receptors in a teleost fish: typical CD28, elusive CTLA4. J. Immunology 176:4191-4200.
  • Campbell, N., Overturf, K. and Narum, S. 2009 Characterization of 22 novel single nucleotide polymorphism markers in steelhead and rainbow trout. Molecular Ecology Resources 9:318-322.
  • Laing, K.J., J.J. Zou, L.J. Purcell, R.B. Phillips, C.J. Secombs, and J. D. Hansen. 2006. Evolution of the CD4 family: teleosts possess two divergent forms of CD4 in addition to LAG3. Journal of Immunology 177:3939-3951.
  • Landis, E.D., Y. Palti, J. J. DeKoning, R.B. Phillips, and J. D. Hansen. 2006. Mapping and functional genomics of the TAPBP and TAPBPR genes. Immunogenetics 58:56-59.
  • Overturf, K., LaPatra, S., Towner, R., Campbell, N., Narum, S. 2010. Relationships between growth and disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Fish Diseases. 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01124.x.
  • Cain, K.D., LaPatra, S.E. and Fornshell, G. 2005. Development of autochthonous probiotics to control disease outbreaks in aquaculture. Idaho Aquaculture Association Meeting (Invited presentation). June 18.
  • Maddox, T., Eversman, K., LaPatra, S.E. and Cain, K. D. 2006. Development of autochthonous probiotics to control Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Aeromonas salmonicida, and Yersinia ruckeri in aquaculture, 47th Annual Fish Disease Workshop, Victoria, BC. June 26.
  • Burbank D.R., LaPatra S.E., Fornshell G. and Cain K.D. 2009. Assessing Candidate Probiotic use for the Possible Control of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Joint Meeting of the Fish Health Section and Western Fish Disease Workshop, Park City, Utah, USA. June 7-10
  • Burbank D.R., LaPatra S.E., Fornshell G. and Cain K.D. 2010. Assessing Candidate Probiotic use for the Possible Control of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, San Diego, California, USA. March 1-5.
  • Cain, K.D., Burbank, D.R., Cavender, W.P., Swan, C.M., Wilson, C. and LaPatra, S.E. 2010. Assessing candidate probiotic use for the possible control of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout. American Fisheries Society (Fish Health Section) 51st Annual Western Fish Disease Workshop, Corvallis, OR June 22-24
  • LaFrentz, B.R., LaPatra, S.E., Jones, G.R., Congleton, J.L., Sun, B. and Cain, K.D. 2002. Characterization of serum and mucosal antibody responses and relative percent survival in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following immunization and challenge with Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Journal of Fish Diseases. 25, 703-713.
  • Al-Holy, M., Wang, Y., Tang, J. and Rasco, B. 2005. Dielectric properties of salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) caviar at radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) pasteurization frequencies. J. Food Engineering. 70(4):564-570.
  • LaFrentz, B.R., LaPatra, S.E., Jones, G.R. and Cain, K.D. 2003. Passive immunization of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of coldwater disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome. Journal of Fish Diseases 26, 377-384
  • LaFrentz B.R., LaPatra S.E., Jones G.R., and Cain K.D. 2004. Protective immunity in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss following immunization with distinct molecular mass fractions isolated from Flavobacterium psychrophilum Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 59, 17-26
  • Ovissipour, M., Abedian, A., Motamedzadegan, A., Rasco, B., Safari, R. and Shahiri, H. 2009. The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis time and temperature on the properties of protein hydrolysates from Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) viscera. Food Chemistry 115:238-242.
  • Al-Holy, M.A. and Rasco, B.A. 2006.Characterization of salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) caviar proteins. J. Food Biochem. 30:422-428.
  • Al-Holy, M., Lin, M. and Rasco, B.A. 2005. Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) caviar using a combination of nisin with chemical antimicrobials or moderate heat. J. Food Protection. 68(3):512-520.
  • Lu, X., Webb, M., Doroshov, S. and Rasco, B. 2010. Rapid determination of maturity in cultured white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) females using plasma steroid levels by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and partial least squares model. Pacific Fisheries Technologists. February 22, 2010. Seattle, WA.
  • Lu, X., Wang, J. and Rasco, B. 2010.Infrared spectroscopy, a novel and less invasive method to determine maturity in cultured white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) females by predicting polarization index and follicle diameter. Pacific Fisheries Technologists. February 22, 2010. Seattle, WA.
  • Lu, X., Callahan, G. and Rasco, B. 2010. Infrared spectroscopy, a novel and less invasive method to determine maturity in cultured white sturgeon. Pacific Fisheries Technologists. February 22, 2010. Seattle, WA.
  • Soule, M, K. Cain, S. LaFrentz, and DR Call. 2005. Combining suppression subtractive hybridization and microarrays to map the intraspecies phylogeny of Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Infection and Immunity 73:3799-3802. PMID: 15908416.
  • LaFrentz, BR, SE LaPatra, DR Call, and KD Cain. 2008. Development and characterization of rifampicin resistant Flavobacterium psychrophilum strains and their potential as live attenuated vaccine candidates. Vaccine 26:5582-5589. PMID: 18708112.
  • Lindstrom, NM, DR Call, ML House, CM Moffitt, and KD Cain. 2009. A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and filtration-based fluorescent antibody test as potential tools for screening Flavobacterium psychrophilum in broodstock. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 21:43-56. PMID: 19485125.
  • Plant, K.P., LaPatra, S.E., and Cain, K.D. 2009. Vaccination of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with recombinant and DNA vaccines produced to Flavobacterium psychrophilum heat shock proteins 60 and 70. Journal of Fish Diseases 32(6): p. 521-34
  • Cain, K.D. 2009. Strategies for Control and Prevention of Coldwater Disease. Waterlines newsletter 15 (1): p. 18-20.
  • LaFrentz, BR, SE LaPatra, DR Call, GD Wiens, and KD Cain. 2009. Proteomic analysis of Flavobacterium psychrophilum cultured in vivo and in iron-limited media. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 87:171-182. PMID: 20099411.
  • Cain, K.D. and Call, D.R. 2010. Coldwater Disease Research, Waterlines newsletter, 16, Pg 10
  • Smith, David L. and Jim C. P. Liou, 2010, Critical shear stress of trout feed and implications for particulate transport in flow through raceways, Aquacultural Engineering, Volume 42, Issue 3, pp. 112-120
  • Shah, DH, KD Cain, GD Wiens, and DR Call. 2008. Challenges associated with heterologous expression of Flavobacterium psychrophilum proteins in Escherichia coli. Marine Biotechnology 10:719-730. PMID: 18551344.
  • Soule, M, S LaFrentz, K Cain, S LaPatra, and DR Call. 2005. Polymorphisms in 16s rRNA genes of Flavobacterium psychrophilum correlate with elastin hydrolysis and tetracycline resistance. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 65:209-216. PMID: 16119889.
  • LaFrentz, BR, NM Lindstrom, SE LaPatra, DR Call, and KD Cain. 2007. Electrophoretic and Western blot analysis of the lipopolysaccharide and glycocalyx of Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 23:770-780. PMID: 17420143.
  • Ramsrud, AL, SA LaFrentz, BR LaFrentz, KD Cain, and DR Call. 2007. Differentiating 16S rRNA alleles of Flavobacterium psychrophilum using a simple PCR assay. Journal of Fish Diseases 30:175-180. PMID: 17352793.
  • Sudheesh, PS, BR LaFrentz, DR Call, WF Siems, SE LaPatra, GD Wiens, and KD Cain. 2007. Identification of potential vaccine target antigens by immunoproteomic analysis of a virulent and a non-virulent strain of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 74:37-47. PMID: 17425262.
  • Chen, J, MA Davis, SE LaPatra, K Cain, K Snekvik, and DR Call. 2008. Genetic diversity of Flavobacterium psychrophilum recovered from commercially raised rainbow trout and spawning Coho salmon. Journal of Fish Diseases 31:765-773. PMID: 18681900.


Progress 09/15/06 to 09/15/07

Outputs
Eight open reading frames were identified from a draft sequence of the F. psychrophilum genome containing 5 putative antigenic proteins associated with the outer membrane plus a putative metallopeptidase, hemolysin and another virulence associated protein. Expression and purification are being optimized for vaccine trials. Recombinant expression and purification of HSP 60, 70 and an ATP synthase homolog are underway. A functional sandwich ELISA developed with monoclonal antibodies is specific, sensitive and functional with fish tissue samples. A flow-through trout culture system was modified for partial recirculation. Design and installation, evaluation of the water quality and carrying capacity, and conducting a production performance evaluation and cost analysis have been achieved. A method employing stratified flow was developed for several hydraulic conditions utilizing a lower brine layer to remove debris from commercial raceways. The feeding of soybean meal to trout with or without the addition of probiotics was not efficacious. An assay is being developed which tests the changes in trout gut flora with the use of probiotics. An analysis has revealed two interval regions on the genetic linkage map of rainbow trout that are significantly associated with resistance to IHNV. Mapping of known genes related to disease resistance has revealed trout CD4 and LAG-3. In an analysis of 52 progeny (doubled haploid hybrid between OSU and Arlee), it was revealed that significant QTL-influencing log transformed cortisol levels (correlated with stress) were detected on two linkage groups. A significant QTL related to body mass was detected on a linkage group different from those related to stress. In subfertile rainbow trout families, the majority of early embryonic death occurred within the first 12 hours. A microarray analysis identified 104 genes consistently showing significantly higher mRNA levels in the subfertile egg pools. The genomic clones for all four rainbow trout myostatin genes have been isolated and characterized. Although satellite cells were successfully isolated from rainbow trout, over time few cells became activated and reentered the cell cycle even when cultures were exposed to IGF, FGF, GH and other growth factors and hormones. Washing trout with chlorous acid, acidified chlorine dioxide, peroxyacetic acid, nisin or lactic acid controls the growth of microbes. Nisin is the most effective treatment at 3 degrees C. Treatments with tartaric acid, fumaric acid and a proprietary peroxyacetic acid compound were the most effective for Listeria control at 7 degrees C. Mechanical and chemical control of burrowing shrimp populations reveal that the most efficacious control is achieved with Sevin (currently used) or Admire (imidacloprid) when injected into the tidal flat with a spikewheel device. Because of the late receipt of funding, no progress has been made on the strawberry disease project, the black fly project, the new heat shock protein project, or the mitochondrial and maternal effects on growth projects. In addition, the perception of aquaculture by the media project has just been initiated.

Impacts
Protective antigens are being identified and expressed which will lead to a vaccine for cold water disease. Monoclonal antibodies, an ELISA for the detection of F. psychrophilum, and a microarray will facilitate detection of the bacterium that causes large losses of juveniles in rainbow trout hatcheries. Genetic mapping of genes related to IHNV resistance and immune competence will be important for breeding. Work on embryonic death will aid the trout egg industry in improving the germplasm that is shipped worldwide. Major strides are being made in preserving trout muscle and roe that will enhance the palatability, safety and value of aquaculture products. Work is underway which will validate the use of Admire for the control of burrowing shrimp and as a replacement for carbaryl in oyster culture.

Publications

  • Warsen A.E., M.J. Krug, S. LaFrentz, D.R. Stanek, F.J. Loge and D.R. Call. 2004. Simultaneous Discrimination Between 15 Fish Pathogens Using 16s Rdna PCR and DNA Microarrays. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:4216-4221.
  • Swan C.M. 2006. Identification of a Localized Mucosal Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Characterization of Immunoglobulin M and Other Proteins from Serum and Mucus. University of Idaho, M.S. Thesis.
  • Stoddard, J. Parsons J.E., and Nagler J.J. 2005. Early Onset of Embryonic Mortality in Sub-Fertile Families of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Reprod. Fert. Develop. 17: 785-790.
  • Shin, J. H. Kang, D. H. and Rasco B. A. 2006. Survival and Growth of Listeria Monocytogenes in MAP Packaged Fresh Rainbow Trout. World Aquaculture 37(3): 6-10.
  • Rasco B.A. and Bledsoe G. E. 2006. Surimi and Surimi Analogs. Handbook of Food Sciences and Technology. Marcel Dekker. NY NY. Chapter 160. pp. 1-7.
  • Al-Holy, M. A. and Rasco, B. A. 2006. Characterization Of Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and Sturgeon (Ascipenser transmontanous) Caviar Proteins. J. Food Biochem. 30: 422-428.
  • Lin, M., Mousavi, M., Al Holy, M., Cavinato A. G. and Rasco, B. A. 2005. Rapid Near Infrared Spectroscopic Method for the Detection of Spoilage in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fillet. J. Food Science 71(1):S 018-023.
  • Al-Holy, M. Wang, Y., Tang, J. And Rasco, B. 2004. Dielectric Properties of Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and Sturgeon (Ascipenser transmontanus) Caviar at 27 Mhz and 915 Mhz as a Function of Temperature. Food Research International 70(4):564-570.
  • Lucas, M.D., R. E. Drew, P. A. Wheeler, P.A. Verell and G. H. Thorgaard. 2004. Behavioral Differences Among Rainbow Trout Clonal Lines. Behavior Genetics 34: 355-365.
  • Laing, K.J., J. J. Zou, L.J. Purcell, R. B. Phillips, C. J. Secombes, and J. D. Hansen. 2006. Evolution of the CD4 Family: Teleosts Possess Two Divergent Forms of CD4 in Addition to LAG3. Journal of Immunology 177:3939-3951.
  • Landis, E.D., Y. Palti, J. J. DeKoning, R. B. Phillips and J. D. Hansen. 2006. Mapping and Functional Genomics of the Tapbp and Tapbpr Genes. Immunogenetics 58:56-59.
  • Bernard, D. Riteau, B., Hansen, J.D., Phillips, R. B., Michel, F., Boudinot P., Benmansour, A. 2006. Costimulatory Receptors in a Teleost Fish: Typical CD 28, Elusive CTLA4. J. Immunology 176:4191-4200.
  • Thorgaard G. H., K. M. Nichols and R. B. Phillips. 2006. Comparative Gene and QTL Mapping in Aquaculture Species. Israeli J. Aquaculture 58:341-346.
  • Garikipati, D., Ghar, S. A. and Rodgers, B.D. 2006. Identification, characterization and quantitative expression analysis of rainbow trout myostatin-1a and 1b genes. J. Endocrinol. 190(3):879-888.
  • Kerr, T., Roalson, E. H., and Rodgers, B.D. 2005. Phylogenetic analysis of the myostatin gene sub-family and the differential expression of a novel member in zebrafish. Evo Devo 7(5) 391-401.