Progress 07/15/06 to 07/14/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Field Days held each year at Lane Ag Center with an average attendance of 750 people each year. Field tours, summary hand-outs delineating each research project location, objective and personnel. Two organic field days held at Lane Ag Center. 150 in attendance each year. Hands-on field tours and demonstrations of growing practices, disease control, insect control, water management through drip irrigation, cost/benefit relationships of practices. Bi-state Horticulture Industry Show alternating between Tulsa, Oklahoma and at Ft Smith Arkansas. Visual displays of organic practices as well as PowerPoint presentations to an audience of 400 - 500 registered people each year comprising growers, merchants, exhibitors, research and extension professionals. PARTICIPANTS: Principal investigator was Merritt Taylor who was leader of economic evaluation of the cultural practices tested and the technologies considered for the research. Project directors included Warren Roberts who evaluated impact of variety and nutrient variability on soil resources, James Shrefler who evaluated weed control methods, and Jonathan Edelson who evaluated the efficacy of tested insect control measures. Collaborating organization included USDA/ARS/SCARL scientists located at the Lane, Oklahoma research and extension center. Two graduate students were able to obtain data for their masters theses from the research. TARGET AUDIENCES: Small farm producers of organic and non-organic vegetables were targeted through extension programs that included public meetings as well as on-farm experiential learning experiences, and workshops. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Producers and processors considering going through the rigorous process of obtaining organic certification have utilized information generated by this project. Certified organic producers and processors in Oklahoma have increased from 26 in 2006 to 104 in 2009, which is a 400 percent increase. In the same period of time farmers markets throughout the state of Oklahoma have increased from 11 to over 100. Producers have learned cultural techniques that have allowed them to conserve water, reduce erosion and reduce weed control costs.
Publications
- Roberts, W., James Shrefler, and Merritt Taylor. Disease Control in Organic Tomatoes. 2008. OSU-Kerr Center Organic Field Day and Workshop, Lane, OK, July 2008.
- Roberts, W., James Shrefler, and Merritt Taylor. 2008. Soil Fertility for Organic Vegetable Production. OSU-Kerr Center Organic Field Day and Workshop, Lane, OK, July 2008.
- Taylor, Merritt, Warren Roberts, James Shrefler, Charles Webber, Vincent Russo, Benny Bruton, Angela Davis, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Wayne Fish, Lane Ag Center - Obtaining and Maintaining Organic Certification, OSU and Kerr Foundation Organic Field Day and Workshop, Lane, OK, July, 2008.
- Webber, Charles III, Merritt J, Taylor, James W. Shrefler, Precision Placement of Corn Gluten Meal for Weed Control in Organic Vegetable Production, 9th International Precision Agriculture Conference, Denver, Colorado, (poster and abstract)July, 2008.
- Webber, Charles III, Merritt J. Taylor, Lynn P. Brandenberger, James W. Shrefler, Lynda K. Wells, D. Kent Shannon, Impact of Precision Applications of Ammonium Nonanoate on Weed Control Efficacy, 9th International Precision Agriculture Conference, Denver, Colorado, (oral presentation, proceedings and abstract), July, 2008.
- Shrefler, J. W., W. Roberts, M. Taylor, L. Brandenberger and C. Webber III. 2008. Potential Components for Weed Management in Organic Vegetable Production Systems. HortSci. 43(4). p 1107, July, 2008.
- Shrefler, J. W., W. Roberts, M. Taylor, P. Perkins-Veazie and C. Webber III. 2008. A Fresh-Market Production System for the U. S. Southern Plains Using Short and Intermediate Daylength Cultivars. HortSci. 43(4). p 1227, July, 2008.
- Webber, C.L. III, Shrefler, J.W., Taylor, M.J., Davis, A.R., Roberts, W., Russo, V.M., Edelson, J.V., Perkins-Veazie, P., Bruton, B.D., and Fish, W.W. 2008, A Living Demonstration of Certified Organic Farming by Oklahoma State University and USDA, Agricultural Research Service. GSA, SSSA, ASA, CSSA and GCACS Joint Meeting. Houston, TX. October 5-9, 2008. Abstract 622:6.
- Webber, C.L. III, Shrefler, J.W., Taylor, M.J., Brandenberger, L.P., and Boydston, R.A. 2008. Up and Coming Organic Herbicides. GSA, SSSA, ASA, CSSA and GCACS Joint Meeting. Houston, TX. October 5-9, 2008. Abstract 630:3.
- Webber, C.L. III, Shrefler, J.W., Taylor, M.J., Roberts, W., and Davis, A.R. 2008. So You're Interested in Organic Certification. GSA, SSSA, ASA, CSSA and GCACS Joint Meeting. Houston, TX. October 5-9, 2008. Abstract 706:6.
- Taylor, Merritt, Warren Roberts, Jim Shrefler, Organic Marketing and Post-Harvest Handling: Challenges and Opportunities, Enhancing the Adoption of Organic Farming Workshop, Oklahoma City, OK, October 14-15, 2008.
- Roberts, Warren, Jim Shrefler, and Merritt Taylor. 2008. Organic Vegetable Production. Enhancing the Adoption of Organic Farming Workshop. Oklahoma City, Ok. Oct., 2008.
- Roberts, Warren, Jim Shrefler, and Merritt Taylor. 2008. Organic Agriculture: Microbial Activity and Soil Health. Enhancing the Adoption of Organic Farming Workshop. Oklahoma City, Ok. Oct., 2008.
- Roberts, Warren, Jim Shrefler, Merritt Taylor, Lynn Brandenberger and Steve Upson. 2008. Oklahoma Market Gardening: Soils and Fertilizer Management. Market Gardening Workshop. Oklahoma City, Ok. Oct., 2008.
- Webber, C.L. III., Brandenberger, L.P. Shrefler, J.W., Taylor, M.J., Wells, L.K. and Shannon, K. 2008. Weed Control with the Precision Application of Ammonium Nonanoate. Precision Agriculture Journal, Submitted October 29, 2008.
- Webber, C.L. III, Shrefler, J.W., and Taylor, M.J., 2008. Precision Placement of Corn Gluten Meal: Squash Plant Survival and Yields. Precision Agriculture Journal, Submitted October 31, 2008.
- Roberts, W., P. Perkins-Veazie, J. Shrefler, and M. Taylor. 2008. Bite-sized tomatoes: Cultivars and quality for a Farm to School lunch program. HortScience 43(3) p. 629.
- Shrefler, J., L. Brandenberger, L. Wells, W. Roberts, and M. Taylor. 2008. Evaluation of carrot cultivars for Farm to School use. HortScience 43(3) p. 618.
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Progress 07/15/07 to 07/14/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Presentations to the Texas - Oklahoma Watermelon Association and the National Watermelon Association on the potential use of grafting and the use of bio-fumigant crops have developed interest in the watermelon farming community to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques in overcoming certain debilitating diseases in watermelons. The membership of these organizations has begun to encourage their respective research and development committees to fund specific research throughout the U.S. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Results presented at various meetings have had the impact of reaching members of several non-profit organizations. They have contacted the Wes Watkins Agricultural Research and Extension Center wanting to work with the scientists involved in this project and to have them present information at meetings for their respective organizations. As a result of these invitations to be speakers these organizations claim that the attendance at their informational and educational meetings has increased by more than 60 percent. There is also increased desire by members of these non-profit organizations to participate with the Lane scientists in proposal development. Work completed at the WWAREC involving this project provided the background and supporting documentation for plots at the Center to receive "Organic Re-Certification". The Lane Center continues to be the only public-owned land in Oklahoma to be certified organic. A second year of experiments was conducted in the lab, greenhouse and field to determine the effect of organic insecticides on harlequin bug and the effect of commercially registered field application dose on populations in field crops. Spinosad and pyrethrins were determined to be toxic to individuals and spinosad was determined to be effective in reducing field populations. A field day was held at the Wes Watkins Agricultural Research and Extension Center. Attendance was 725 people, including farmers, potential farmers, agribusiness representatives, and consumers.
Publications
- Taylor, M., B.Bruton, W.Fish and W.Roberts. 2008. Cost Benefit Analyses of Using Grafted Watermelon Transplants for Fusarium Wilt Disease. Acta Horticulturae, Vol. 782, 343-350.
- Henneberry, Shida Rastegari, Haerani N. Agustini, Merritt Taylor, Joao E. Mutondo, Brian Whitacre, and B. Warren Roberts. 2008. The Economic Impacts of Direct Produce Marketing: A Case Study of Oklahoma's Farmers Markets. J. Food Distribution Res. Submitted.
- Lu, Wenhua, B. Warren Roberts, Merritt J. Taylor, Jonathan V. Edelson, Carla Goad, William D. Warde, Seong S. Chae. 2007. Clustering of Management Tools in Oklahoma Watermelon Production Systems. Int. Journal of Veg. Sci. 13(4)85-102.
- Shrefler, J. W., L. P. Brandenberger, C.L. Webber, L.K. Wells and W. Roberts. 2007. Postemergence weed control in direct-seeded watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Crops. Weed Technology. Weed Technology 21 (4): 851-856.
- Roberts, Warren, Merritt Taylor, Jim Shrefler, Benny Bruton, Wayne Fish. 2007. Organic and Synthetic Fertilizer Comparisons with Cantaloupe Cultivar Evaluations 2006. 2006 Vegetable Trial Report. OSU. MP-164. Page 2.
- Roberts, Warren, Merritt Taylor, Jim Shrefler, Benny Bruton, Wayne Fish. 2007. Organic and Synthetic Fertilizer Comparisons with Cantaloupe Cultivar Evaluations 2005. 2006 Vegetable Trial Report. OSU. MP-164. Page 3.
- Roberts, Warren, Merritt Taylor, Jonathan Edelson, Jim Shrefler, Benny Bruton, Penny Perkins-Veazie, Sam Pair, Angela Davis, Wayne Fish, Vince Russo, Chuck Webber. 2007. Organic Tomato Cultivar Evaluations. 2006 Vegetable Trial Report. OSU. MP-164. Page 29.
- Shrefler, J., M. Taylor, V. Russo, W. Roberts, A. Davis, J. Edelson, C. Webber, B. Bruton, P. Perkins-Veazie, K. Canal, and W. Fish. 200. Investigaciones en la Produccion Organica de Vegetales en Oklahoma, USA. Vol. 51. Proceeding of InterAmerican Society for Tropical Horticultura. In Press.
- Roberts, W. 2007. Various production chapters In Stafne, E., J. Shrefler, L. Brandenberger, J. Damicone, J. Edelson, B. Kahn, W. McGlynn, W. Roberts, M. Taylor. 2007. A Production Handbook for New Growers of Horticulture Food Crops. Department of Horticulture, Oklahoma State University. 165 pp.
- Roberts, Warren, Benny Bruton, Wayne Fish, and Merritt Taylor. 2007. Using grafted transplants in watermelon production. Ed. W. T. Kelley. Proc. 2007 SE Reg. Veg. Conf. Georgia Fruit and Veg. Growers Assoc., Univ. of Georgia. Pp 33-36.
- J. Shrefler, M. Taylor, V. Russo, W. Roberts, A. Davis, J. Edelson, C. Webber, B. Bruton, P. Perkins-Veazie, K. Canal, and W. Fish. 2007. Investigaciones en la Produccion Organica de Vegetales en Oklahoma, USA. Interamerican Society of Tropical Horticulture. Oct. 8-12, 2007; Morelia, Mexico;
- Lu, Wenhua, B. Warren Roberts, Merritt J. Taylor, Jonathan V. Edelson, Carla Goad, William D. Warde, Seong S. Chae. 2007. Production systems and association of management factors affecting productivity of Watermelon. International Journal of Vegetable Science. 13(4): In Press.
- Damicone, J.P., J.V. Edelson, J.L. Sherwood, L.D. Myers and J.E. Motes. 2007. Effects of border and intercrops on cucurbit virus diseases. Plant Disease, 91(5): 509 - 516.
- Lu, Wenhua, B. Warren Roberts, Merritt J. Taylor, J. V. Edelson, C. Goade, William D. Warde, and Seong S. Chae. 2007. Clustering of management tools in Oklahoma watermelon production systems. Intl. J. Vegetable Science, 13(4): 85- 102.
- Overall, L. and J. V. Edelson. 2007. Controlling harlequin bugs on leafy greens with organic insecticides, 2006. Arth. Mangt. Trials.
- Overall, Lisa and J.V. Edelson. 2007. Organic methods of controlling harlequin bug on leafy greens for processing markets. ESA Annual meeting, San Diego, CA., November, 2007.
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Progress 07/15/06 to 07/14/07
Outputs
Twelve types and cultivars of melons (cantaloupe and honey dew) were grown with both synthetic fertilizer (13-13-13) and organic fertilizer (raw poultry litter). Both treatments received 100 lbs of N per acre. All fertilizers were applied pre-plant due to restrictions in the National Organic Program certification that require manure-based fertilizers to be applied 120 days prior to harvest. Yields from synthetic fertilizers were greater than yields from poultry litter fertilizer. The highest yielding cultivars were Achapparal and Tamdew Improved. An heirloom variety of "Hickory Cane" corn was grown with both organic (poultry litter) and conventional synthetic fertilizers. Six treatments consisting of two rates, two application strategies, and two materials were used. The organic treatments produced yields that were as good as, but not better than, the synthetic fertilizer treatments. Eighteen cultivars of tomatoes were grown organically using poultry litter as a
fertilizer. In addition, ninety cultivars of small tomatoes (cherry, plum, pear, and grape) of both determinant and indeterminant types were grown with synthetic fertilizers. Cultivars of both red, yellow, orange, and brown types were compared for yield and quality. Tomatoes are currently being grown in a greenhouse using synthetic fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and humic acid supplements. Data is currently being analyzed. Three trials were conducted during 2007 to evaluate how tillage regimes can influence the annual weed suppression properties of cereal rye cover crops. One of the trials also evaluated corn gluten meal in combination with tillage and a rye cover crop for weed suppression. Results have not yet been summarized. An economic evaluation was developed on the use of grafted watermelons as a means for control of fusarium wilt in watermelon. Five public presentations were made on 1. The results obtained in demonstration plantings of certified organic vegetable production
and 2. Results of studies to evaluate weed control for organic vegetable production. 3. Cost Benefit Analyses of Using Grafted Watermelon Transplants for Fusarium Wilt Disease Control A total of approximately 310 people attended these presentations.
Impacts
Results from this research have provided scientists from other states a basis for materials and varieties to include in verification trials planned for the ensuing year. Findings of this research are being evaluated by commercial producers and vendors of organic amendments for comparisons with their products.
Publications
- Perkins-Veazie, Penelope, Warren Roberts, and Julie K. Collins. 2006. Lycopene content among organically produced tomatoes. Journal of Vegetable Science. 12(4):93-106.
- Taylor, Merritt, Benny Bruton, Wayne Fish, Warren Roberts, 2006. Cost - Benefits of Using Grafted Watermelons for Disease Control and The Fresh-Cut Market, pp. 277-285. In: G.J. Holmes, (ed). Cucubitaceae 2006, Universal Printing & Publishing, Raleigh, NC.
- Taylor, M., Bruton, B., Fish, W., and Roberts, W. 2006. Economics of Grafted vs Conventional Watermelon Plants, HortScience 40:519-520.
- Taylor, Merritt, Warren Roberts, Jonathan Edelson, James Shrefler, Charles Webber, Vincent Russo, Sam Pair, Benny Bruton, Angela Davis, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Julie Collins, William Kazokas, Wayne Fish, 2006, Issues of Obtaining and Maintaining `Organic Certification' at the Lane, OK Research Center, Session on Agriculture Experiment Station Challenges and Partnerships, ASA-CSSA-SSSA 2006 International Meetings, Indianapolis, IN, November 12-16, 2006.
- Taylor, Merritt, Benny Bruton, Wayne Fish, and Warren Roberts, 2006, Cost Benefit Analyses of Using Grafted Watermelon Transplants for Fusarium Wilt Disease Control, International Society of Horticultural Scientists, 4th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM on Seed, Transplant and Stand Establishment of Horticultural Crops, San Antonio, TX December 3-5, 2006.
- Webber, Charles III., Angela R. Davis, James W. Shrefler, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Merritt J. Taylor, and Jonathan V. Edelson, 2006, Weed Control for Organic Cucurbit Production or Growing Experience with Organic Cucurbits, Oklahoma State-wide Cucurbit Production and Marketing Meeting, Chickasha, OK Dec 15, 2006.
- Roberts, Warren, Merritt Taylor, Benny Bruton, Wayne Fish, 2006, Organic and Conventional Fertilizers for Cantaloupe Cultivars, Oklahoma State-wide Cucurbit Production and Marketing Meeting, Chickasha, OK Dec 15, 2006.
- Russo, Vincent, Merritt Taylor, 2006. Soil Amendments in Transition to Organic Vegetable Production with Comparison to Conventional Methods: Yields and Economics, HortScience: Vol. 41 (7) December 2006
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