Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Grape producers primarily in North Carolina, but Virginia, Georgia and Tennessee grape producers also benefited from research and resulting information. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Information from these research projects was presented to extension agents and colleagues in academic institutions at many meetings and American Society for Enology and Viticulture, Eastern Section of the American Society for Enology and Viticulture, Annual Meeting of the NE-1020 Working Group, NCSU Cooperative Extension In-Service training, Southeastern US Small Fruits Center in-service training (NC and VA) How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Information from these research projects was provide to grape growers, extension agents and colleagues in academic institutions at many meetings and vineyard visits, including but not limited to: North Carolina Winegrowers Association, Tennessee Farm Wineries Association, Southeastern United Grape and Wine Symposium, American Society for Enology and Viticulture, Eastern Section of the American Society for Enology and Viticulture, North Georgia Grape Growers Association, Wineries Unlimited (Virginia and Missouri), Great Lakes Expo, numerous NC County Extension workshops. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Severity of leaf removal was compared at a commercial vineyard during a two year study usingCabernet Franc vines. Leaf removal from the west side of the canopy during the 2 years of this trial did not have the negative effects on fruit composition observed in warm arid climates that have high day temperatures and low to moderate night temperatures. It was speculated that minimum night temperatures during the summer months during anthocyanin biosynthesis are above the upper optimumtemperature for synthesis or in a range that resulted in thermal degradation of pigments. A four year study of cover crop free strip width under the vine row was conducted in a Cabernet Franc vineyard to determine if the cover crop would compete with mature vines to reduce excessive vine vigor. In two of the four years fruit maturity was advanced by use of 0 and 30 cm strip widths when compared to 90 and 120 cm strip widths as evidenced by slightly higher sugar concentrations.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:North Carolina wine grape growers and winemakers and Cooperative Extension agents. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Information from this project was shared with colleagues at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Enology and Viticulture in 2015. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Annual grower meetings, discussion with County Extension Agents, farm visits and telephone What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Prepare final publications from these projects for peer reviewed journals
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We concluded the varietal evaluation that was conducted at Surry Community College. Based on five years of field trials we are able to recommend tha growers not plant the varieties Nebbiolo and Carmenere due tounacceptably low yields that would not be economically viable. Fruit quality of Touriga Nacional and Tinta Cao was promising. However, the vines suffered significant winter injury in the winterof 2013-2014. Therefore, caution should be taken if considering planting thesevarieties. Other varieties had acceptable yield levels comparable to industry standards Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot.Fruit quality and harvest date of those varieties variedand were generally acceptable. Lemberger, Grignolino and Aglianico may be promising for limitedindustry trials. A few growers are trying some of these varieties. We also evaluated leaf removal from Cabernet Franc vines. Leaf removal from the west side of the canopyduring the 2 years of this trial did not have the negative effects on fruit composition observed inwarm arid climates.
Publications
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Elder, K.T. 2015. Assessment of Wine Grape Cultivars in North Carolina and Impact of Leaf Removal on Grape Phenolic Content. Dept. Hort. Sci. NC State Univ., Raleigh http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/10792
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Elder, K., S. Spayd, G. Giese and J. Geller. 2015. Assessment of winegrape cultivars in North Carolina. Abstract 66th Annual Meeting American Society for Enology and Viticulture, Portland, OR, June 15-18.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Basinger, N., K.M. Jennings, D.W. Monks, W.E. Mitchem, and S. E. Spayd. 2015 Influence of vineyard floor competition on growth, yield and berry quality in southeastern vineyards. 66th Annual Meeting American Society for Enology and Viticulture, Portland, OR, June 15-18.
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Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: North Carolina grape growers and winemakers are my target audience Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Spayd, S.E. 2014. Cold injury management in vineyards. North Georgia Grape Growers. Blairsville, GA, Mar 20. Spayd, S. E., J. F. Harbertson, and M. Mireles. 2014. Survey of phenolics in North Carolina Red Wines. 65th Annual Meeting American Society for Enology and Viticulture, Austin, TX, June 23-27. Basinger, N. T., K. Jennings, D. Monks, S. E. Spayd, and W. Mitchem. 2014. Effect of herbicide strip width and late-season weed competition on winegrape vine grow, berry quality, and yield. 65th Annual Meeting American Society for Enology and Viticulture, Austin, TX, June 23-27. 2014, January 1. Grape varieties for NC. NC Winegrowers Association Annual Meeting, Winston-Salem, NC 2014, February 1. State-of-the-state.NC Winegrowers Association Annual Meeting, Winston-Salem, NC 2014, January 22. Pruning demonstration and production discussion. Shelby, NC (Cleveland County Extension) 2014, January 23 Pruning demonstration and production discussion. Lumberton, NC (Robeson County Extension) 2014, February 19. Site selection, soils, systems, and cultural practices.Hendersonville, NC (Henderson County Extension) 2014, February 19. Discussion of trellis systems, potential cold injury and pruning demonstration.Hendersonville, NC (Henderson County Extension) 2014, February 20. Current state of NC grapes and crops. NC Muscadine Growers Association. North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 2014, February 20. Current state of NC grapes and crops. NC Muscadine Growers Association. North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 2014, March 1. Basic muscadine and bunch grape production. Louisburg, NC 2014, April 17. Wine tasting. Hunt Library, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 2014, May 15. Aspects of canopy management. Surry County Cooperative Extension, Dobson, NC How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? On-farm visits with growers in collaboration with County Extension Agents NC Winegrowers Association Annual meeting presentations (3) and organized a round table NC Muscadine Grape Growers Association workshop and annual meeting presentations Answer e-mail and phone queries Continue research on cultivar adaptability, role of under vine row cover crop width and leaf removal on fruit quality. Organize and participate in industry meetings and workshops Attend state, regional and national meetings What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Wrap up current research and generate publications. Organize and participate in industry meetings and workshops Attend state, regional and national meetings
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
A trial of 11 red wine grape (Vitis vinifera)cultivars/rootstock combinations were assessed for viticultural performance in Dobson, North Carolina. The plot was established in 2008 as a randomized complete block design with six replicates. Vine yield, fruit composition, and vigor were measured from 2010 to 2014. Cold damage to buds and 1-year old canes was assessed for the 2013/2014 winter. Average growing degree days for the site were 3,814 with an average of 137 cm (54 in) of precipitation. Cultivars varied in yield (0.90 to 4.59 kg/vine), vegetative vigor (0.21 to 2.30 yield/pruning weight), soluble solids concentration (17.8 to 21.9), titratable acidity (3.8 to 7.2), and pH (3.44 to 3.91). The cultivars Carmenere and Nebbiolo had unacceptably low yields. Carmenere, Grignolino, Nebbiolo, Tinta Cao, and Touriga Nacionale had the highest soluble sugar concentration at harvest. Aglianico, Grignolino, and Nebbiolo had the most desirable titratable acidity and pH. Toruiga Nacionale and Tinta Cao were most affected by the cold and Lemberger was least affected. Results from this study can help inform cultivar selection for similar growing climates.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Spayd, S.E., J.F. Harbertson and M.M. Mireles. 201_. Concentrations of phenolic components in North Carolina wines. Journal of Food Chemistry and Nutrition
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Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: North Carolina grape growers and winemakers are my primary audience Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Spring Semester 2013, Taught Viticulture (HS 423/523) to 35 undergraduate and graduate students. 2013, February 15. Aspects of canopy management. NC Winegrowers Association AnnualMeeting, Winston-Salem, NC 2013, February 16. State-of-the-state.NC Winegrowers Association Annual Meeting, Winston-Salem, NC 2013, March 18. Nitrogen relations in winemaking. NC Muscadine Growers Association, Elizabethtown, NC 2013,Jun 12Canopy Management, Virginia Tech Univ., Winchester, VA 2013, Jul Concentrations of phenolic compounds in North Carolina wines. Eastern Section, Am. Soc. Enol. Vitic. Organized Symposium on Advances in Red Winemaking as a part of the Eastern Section of the American Society for Enology and Viticulture Annual Meeting. 2013, Aug 20 Current developments in muscadine grape production, Castle Hayne, NC Professional Development: Attended the Annual National Conference for the American Society for Viticulture and Enology and Viticulture, June 2013, Monterey, CA How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? In-service training for Extension Agents On-farm visits with growers in collaboration with County Extension Agents NC Winegrowers Association Annual meeting presentations (2) and organized a round table NC Muscadine Grape Growers Association workshop and annual meeting presentations Answer e-mail and phone queries What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue research on cultivar adaptability, role of under vine row cover crop width and leaf removal on fruit quality. Organize and participate in industry meetings and workshops Attend state, regional and national meetings
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Resarch is continuing to provide information on Vitis vinifera cultivars performance under NC conditions. Carmenere and Nebbiolo can not be recommended as the yield potential for this area is not economically feasible. Tinta Cao and Touriga nacionale performed well in 2013 despite adverse weather conditions. Fruit quality appeared excellent and yields were equivalent to currently produced cultivars. Fruit yield from Carmenere (0.56 kg/m cordon) and Nebbiolo (0.80 kg/m cordon) remained unacceptably low as in previous growing seasons. Yield from other cultivars ranged from 1.99 to 3.45 kg/m cordon with Aglianico having the highest yield. Grignolino produced the heaviest clusters at 270 g/cluster and Carmenere the lightest at 80 g/cluster. Carmenere with its light crop level had the largest and Aglianico with the heaviest crop had the smallest vine size as indicated by pruning weight/m cordon. There were differences in the number of shoots/m cordon with a range of 13 to 17, most cultivars produced 16-17 shoots/m cordon. Individual shoot mass was highest for Touriga Nacionale (42 g/cane) and lowest for Aglianico (11 g/cane). A Ravaz Index (ratio of fruit weight to pruning weight) of 22 indicated that Aglianico was over cropped. Carmenere and Nebbiolo had Ravaz Index values of 1 and 5, respectively, indicating that they were undercropped for the size of the vine canopy. The remaining cultivars had Ravaz Index values between 6 and 11 indicating that yield and vine vigor was relatively in balance. Fruit condition of Touriga Nacionale and Tinta Cao was excellent at harvest in a year of above normal rainfall.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Spayd, S.E., J.F. Harbertson, and M.S. Mireles. 201_. Concentrations of Phenolic Components in North Carolina Wines. Submitted Am. J. Enol. Viticul.
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Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Presented information of grapevine management and advancements to: North Carolina Winegrowers Association, University of Arkansas Vineyard Mechanization Workshop, On-Farm Vineyard Day with NC Muscadine Growers Association and the NC Winegrowers Association. Served as President of the American Society of Enology and Viticulture (about 500 people) and Chair of the Managing Committee of the Unified Grape and Wine Symposium (13,000 attendees). Presided over the State of the Industry session at Unified to provide updates to industry. Assisted a recent graduate in getting an internship at a California winery. PARTICIPANTS: John Havlin, Soil Scientist, NC State University, Raleigh, NC Wayne Mitchem, Research Associate, NC State University, Mills River, NC David Monks, Associate Dean/Horticulturist, NC State University, Raleigh, NC Charles Safley, Agricultural Economist, NC State University, Raleigh, NC Gill Giese, Instructor, Surry Community College, Dobson, NC Josh Heitman, Assistant Professor, NC State University, Raleigh, NC Hannah Burrack, Assistant Professor, NC State University, Raleigh, NC Jay Jayratne, Agriculture Education, NC State University, Raleigh, NC Lisa Hopkins, Research Technologist, NC State University, Raleigh, NC Steve Shepard, General Manager and Winemaker, RayLen Vineyards, Mocksville,NC North Carolina Wine Growers Association North Carolina Muscadine Grape Growers Association NC Grape and Wine Council Virginia Tech University, Cornell University TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience is all current and potential commercial grape growers and winemakers in North Carolina PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Growers and winemakers were informed of ongoing research projects and preliminary results that may affect vine growth, yield and fruit quality. One grower who is allowing us to use his vineyard for research directly observed that our cover crop study was reducing canopy growth (a positive) and indicated that he has decided to begin implementing a similar treatment in the rest of the vineyard.
Publications
- Havlin, J.L., D.H. Hardy, R.J. Gehl, and S.E. Spayd. 2012. Survey of nutrient status in Vitis vinifera grapes in North Carolina. Comm. Soil Testing and Plant Anal. 43(1-2):299-314.
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Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: A new project was established at RayLen Vineyards, Moxville, NC in 2011 to determine the effect of cover crop (fescue) competition on vine performance of mature Cabernet Franc grapevines. Width of fescue-free under-vine strips were 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 cm. A vineyard was established in Dobson, NC in 2008 to compare seven "non-traditional" cultivars with the performance of two sentinel cultivars Cabernet Sauvignon cl. 8 and Merlot cl. 3 with all cultivars. All vines were grafted to 101-14MGT rootstock and vine spacing was 1.8 m in row and 3.0 m between rows. In addition, Cabernet Sauvignon cl. 9 on 101-14 MGT and Merlot cl. 3 on 3309C were included in the study. Yield and fruit composition data were collected in 2011. Information from this project was discussed in my General Viticulture class at NCSU as a part of the cultivar discussion. Results were presented and reported to the NC Grape and Wine Council in February 2011. Both of these projects were discussed as a part of the USDA-SCRI Eastern Grape Project at our annual meeting in Towson, MD in July 2011. PARTICIPANTS: Spayd, S.E., Professor, NCSU, Principal Investigator in NC Giese, Gill, Instructor, Surry Community College, Collaborator Note there are about 30 out-of-state colleagues who are running parallel experiments. The project is also partially funded through a USDA-SCRI grant that Dr. Tony Wolf of Virginia Tech University serves as the lead PI. With regard to the Cabernet Franc-cover crop study, it is a collaborative project with Mitchem and Drs. Jennings, Monks and Havlin. It is also partially funded by the USDA-SCRI grant. Mr. Steve Shepard at RayLen Vineyards (General Manager and Winemaker) is a collaborator and is providing the vineyard area for the research. TARGET AUDIENCES: Southeastern wine grape growers, winemakers, extension personnel and other viticultural researchers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
As expected in the first year of the Cabernet Franc study, differences in vine performance due to cover crop strip width were minimal. In the cultivar study in 2011, all cultivars except Carmenere (0.3 kg/vine) and Nebbiolo (2.55 kg/vine) produced commercially viable yields. Merlot cl. 3 produced the highest fruit yields followed by Aglianico, Lemberger, Cabernet Sauvignon cl. 8 and 9, Tinta Cao, Grignolino, and Touriga Nacionale. Harvest date was determined by fruit condition (primary) and Brix (secondary). Touriga Nacionale (DOY 219) and Lemberger (DOY 256) were harvested earlier than the other cultivars at about 21 Brix. Nebbiolo fruit achieved 23.4 Brix but the fruit was severely sunburned. With the exception of Aglianico (3.21), fruit from all cultivars had titratable acid concentrations of less than 2 g tartaric acid/L. Fruit pH ranged from 3.45 (Aglianico) to 3.97 (Carmenere).
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: A study established in the early 2000's at the Upper Piedmont Research State was concluded and fruit analysis was completed. Data is being processed. Data was collected for yield for the first time at the NE-1020 variety trial at Dobson. Ripening was monitored on a biweekly schedule. Fruit at harvest was frozen for later analysis. An NC Winegrape Growers' Association Round Table was held at the planting in early August to show growers and winemakers how the vines were performing. Four pruning demonstrations, two presentations at NC Winegrowers Association Annual Meeting, and presentations at three other workshops/meetings were given. PARTICIPANTS: Spayd is the leader on this project. I spent time observing growth and confirming variety identities in the NE-1020 project. I supervised Lisa Hopkins (Research Technician on this project) in her collection of data on vine phenology, yield, fruit ripening and analysis, and other activities at the site. We had cooperation with our research on variety evaluation from Mr. Gill Giese and Ms Molly Kelly at Surry Community College. Havlin, Monks, Jennings, Mitchem, Heitmann, Safley, and Sutton were involved developing an SCRI Research Proposal (funded) to support this goals of this project in conjunction with Dr. Tony Wolf at Virginia Tech (lead institution), Dr. Anna Katherine Mansfield at Cornell University and about a dozen other collaborators at numerous institutions. TARGET AUDIENCES: Bunch grape producers and wineries in North Carolina are the target audiences. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Growers were able to observe an over-vineyard netting system for bird control at the Dobson site. Pruning demonstrations and education regarding the effectiveness of double pruning on delaying bud-break in the spring continue to have impact on grower practices. Timing of pruning has shifted to later in the winter and into early spring. It is still too early to evaluate the impact of the variety trial at Dobson as only one year of data has been collected.
Publications
- Spayd, S. E. 2010. What is thermovinification and why should I use this technique In: C. E. Buzke (Ed.) Winemaking Problems Solved. Woodhead Publishing, London.
- Spayd, S. E. 2010. What are the pros and cons of using pectinase when preparing a white must In: C. E. Buzke (Ed.) Winemaking Problems Solved. Woodhead Publishing, London.
- Spayd, S. E. 2010. What role does vineyard nitrogen management play in juice processing and wine instabilities In: C. E. Buzke (Ed.) Winemaking Problems Solved. Woodhead Publishing, London.
- Spayd, S. E. 2010. How do I adjust a juice with high pH and high titratable acidity before fermentation In: C. E. Buzke (Ed.) Winemaking Problems Solved. Woodhead Publishing, London.
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The preliminary results of this project were reported in writing to the North Carolina Grape and Wine Council that provides financial support for the project. PARTICIPANTS: Spayd: PI, directed project, wrote report, found grants to support work, interpreted data Havlin: advised on nutrition issues Phister: assisted with wine making and analysis Sutton: advised on disease issues MA Drake (FS NCSU): did contract work on sensory and volatile analysis L Hopkins: Research Tech Spayd project, data collection and vineyard management Joe French (Upper Piedmont Research Station): provided harvest labor and assistance in vineyard spray program and management. North Carolina Grape & Wine Council provided partial funding for research Surry Community College: Gill Giese assisted with projects related to this program USDA Viticulture Consortium East provided partial support for variety trials (no data collected yet due to age of vines) TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Crop level was adjusted on Cabernet Franc grapevines by cluster thinning to low, medium and high, targets were 50, 75 and 100 clusters/vine, respectively. Only five of the volatiles measured differed in concentration due to crop level. Ethyl acetate was highest in the wines from the low crop level vines. Wines from the high crop level had lower concentrations of 1-hexanol than low and medium crop level wines. Wines from high crop level vines contained the highest concentration of 4-ethylguaiacol and ethyl myristate. Concentrations of methyl decanoate decreased with increasing crop level. Aroma components were present in relatively low concentrations in all wines and the concentrations of ethyl acetate and 1-hexanol were well below the reported sensory threshold (note μg/L in samples versus mg/L for threshold). Overall wine aroma intensity increased with decreasing crop level, though wine aromas were not scored high (< 4.0 out of a 0-9 scale). Minty-hay aroma was lowest in wines from high crop level vines. Floral aroma notes also tended to be lower in wines from the high crop level vines than wines from the low crop level vines. Red fruit aroma was highest low crop level wines, but did not differ from that of high crop level wines. Other aroma characteristics did not differ due to crop level. Low crop level wines were perceived by the panel to be higher in diacetyl and floral taste characteristics than wines from the other two crop levels. Acidity was perceived to be highest in wines from the high crop level. Carbonation was perceived by the panel to increase with increasing crop level.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Cabernet Franc vines at the Upper Piedmont Research Station, Reidsville, NC were pruned in late March. Pruning weights did not differ between the vines selected for the three cropload treatments with a mean pruning weight of about 4.5 kg/vine. Due to the limited number of vines available, the number of treatments was reduced from four to three and treatments were based on number of clusters/vine. Post-shatter, clusters/vine were counted and the number of clusters to remove in order to leave projected harvest cluster numbers of either 50, 75, or 100 clusters/vine was determined. The selection of 50, 75 and 100 clusters/vine as targets was based on yield targets of 10.1, 15.2, and 20.4 tons/ha using an average cluster weight of 0.25 pounds, the average weight of a healthy Cabernet Franc cluster. Six field replicates were used for yield and cluster weight determinations. Four pruning demonstrations were held during the winter of 2007-2008. Growers were instructed on best pruning timing and practices and how many buds to leave in order to manage crop level. For variety evaluation, new vines were received in late Spring 2008. On April 16 vines were planted in cooperation with Surry Community College. Marselan, Black Spanish and Sunbelt were not included in the order. The following varieties, all grafted on 101-14, were planted spring 2008: Aglianico, Lemberger, Cabernet Sauvignon cl. 8 (sentinel variety),Merlot cl 3 (sentinel variety), Carmenere, Tinto Cao, Grignolino, Touriga nacionale, Nebbiolo. Due to the missing varieties, Merlot cl 3 grafted on 3309 and Cabernet Sauvignon cl 337 grafted on 101-14 were substituted to allow comparison of Merlot on two different rootstocks and two clones of Cabernet Sauvignon on the same rootstock. PARTICIPANTS: S.E. Spayd, Principle Investigator, design and oversight of projects and reporting. Lisa Hopkins, Research Specialist, NCSU, data collection and vineyard management supervision Phister providing winemaking facilities and supervision Havlin, Poling, Monks, Sutton participated in workshops related to projects NC Wine and Grape Council supplemented the research effort with funding, contact, Margo Metzger, Executive Director, North Carolina Wine and Grape Council, 4324 Mail Service Center,Raleigh, NC 27699-4324,(919) 715-WINE Fax: (919) 733-8582. Gill Giese, Surry Community College, Dobson, NC provide land for planting variety trial and vineyard management TARGET AUDIENCES: Current and potential grape growers and wineries in North Carolina are the target audiences of this research effort. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The 50 clusters/vine was the only treatment that approached the projected number of clusters/vine with a harvest count of 46 clusters/vine. At harvest, an average of 57 and 70 clusters remained on the 75 and 100 clusters/vine treatments, respectively. Cluster weight was on 58% of the projected weight of a healthy cluster across the three treatments. During thinning operations it was observed that fruit set was relatively poor and some clusters had developed necrotic spots on the rachises. The healthiest clusters were left in all treatments. However, on the two highest crop level treatments it was impossible to retain only healthy clusters. Despite failure to achieve targeted cluster numbers/vine, yield differences were established between the three treatments. The project is on-going as is the variety evaluation project.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Due to a severe cold event in early April, much of 2007 was spent doing on-farm visits to assess degree of injury and make recommendations, usually accompanied by county extension agents. A roundtable was held inconjunction with the North Carolina Winegrowers Association covering impacts on specfic varieties, how to monitor for injury, and discussing management strategies for injured vines. In addition to the freeze, information on monitoring water stress was supplied to NC County Agents with the impetous being the drought occurring in the SE US. Information was also presented at a workshop in Surry County in November. Updates on research progress were provided to the North Carolina Wine and Grape Council.
PARTICIPANTS: S.E. Spayd L. Hopkins NC Wine and Grape Council NC Winegrowers Association
TARGET AUDIENCES: Individuals and companies either presently or interested in growing bunch grapes for commercial use in North Carolina.
PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Cropload studies were postponed for a year due to freeze injury.
Impacts
Assessment information was published on the NCSU freeze event website. Updates on how to identify injured vines from foliar symptoms were e-mailed to County Agents for dissemination to growers. Growers altered production practices to optimize recovery from cold injury based on workshops and e-communications.
Publications
- Spayd, S. 2007. Wine-grape cold injury assessment in post-budbreak period (abstract). HortScience 42(4):795-796.
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Progress 03/13/06 to 11/30/06
Outputs
Five-three vine replicates of the cultivars Cabernet Franc, Chardonnay Clone 76, Chardonnay Clone 96, Merlot, NC74CO44-32 (NC74), NY73.0136.17 (NY73), Petit Verdot, Sangiovese, Syrah, Seyval blanc, Temperanillo, Tannat, Traminette, and Vigonier are planted at the Upper Piedmont Station, Reidsville, NC. At harvest in 2006, NY73.0136.17 vines yielded the greatest amount of fruit per meter of canopy followed by Seyval blanc, Sangiovese and NC74. Merlot had the lowest yield per meter of canopy. NY73 produced the largest clusters followed by Seyval blanc, Sangiovese and NC74. Cluster weights of the remaining cultivars were similar. Other than cluster number and weight, yield was impacted by fruit rots. NC74 and NY73 had the lowest amount of fruit rot.
Impacts
Evaluation of grape varieties is important in order to provide a scientific basis for recommending how given varieties perform under North Carolina conditions. Variety selection can be related to resistance to disease and insects, fruit yield and quality, and market driven variables.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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