Progress 09/01/06 to 08/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Outputs from this project have included publications, distribution and analysis of the results of a Aquaculture Producer informational Needs Survey, sponsorship of five regional meeting including Farmed Fish health Workshop, The Milford Aquaculture Seminar, the Cornell Recirculating Aquaculture Short course, the East Coast Commercial Fisherman's and Aquaculture Trade Exposition, and an industry session at the national Shellfisheries Association meeting. The Roger Williams University established a formal agreement with the New England Aquarium to start a joint research/teaching program in aquarium science (marine ornamentals) as a result of an NRAC funded research project.Research has shown that P. marinus proliferates to a lesser degree in oysters from a natural population that has experienced heavy disease pressure and are therefore good candidates on which to start a breeding program. A set of genetic markers has been developed that maybe used to compare groups, strains, or families of oysters in terms of their performance. An innovative new approach to deterring eider ducks from predating mussels was successfully developed using a buoy transmitting sound to replicate the sound of a boat.An organizational meeting (Annual Northeast Aquaculture Extension Network Meeting) was held in January 2010 in Providence, Rhode Island. NAEN participants reviewed the progress of the project to date and drafted a new proposal aimed at addressing aquaculture hazards on the farm. The NAEN also reviewed the results of a survey of the NRAC website and provided recommendations to the NRAC management team. Eight factsheets were produced and are published on the NRAC website along with nine updated situation and outlook reports. Four industry/research workshops were developed and delivered.Six workshops were developed and delivered as a result of the bivalve/finfish project.Five two-day interactive workshops were held as a result of the targeted biosecurity education and best management practices project.For the clam QPX project, one broodstock cohort (BARN) originated from the site of severe QPX outbreaks in Barnstable Harbor, Massachusetts. The second broodstock cohort (MASH) was obtained from Mashpee, Massachusetts where there have been no reported incidences of QPX. Seed clams were planted in 4 separate plots and will be referred to as BARN and MASH, respectively. Two other strains were tested; ME which originated from Downeast Maine Institute, and FL which came from a Florida hatchery. Growth rates of the primary strains of interest, the BARN and MASH stocks in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Jersey were virtually the same throughout the experimental period. The Maine strain was smaller when the experiment started and appeared stunted throughout. All lines showed little or no growth for the winter, October to April period in both years. In general, both the BARN and MASH lines experienced higher mortality during the early sampling periods and then reduced mortality during the last periods with no significant difference with the exception of the BARN strain in Massachusetts which survived significantly better than the MASH strain in Barnstable Harbor. PARTICIPANTS: Reginal Harrell, Director, NRAC Fred Wheaton,Former Director,NRAC Lou Jean Jackson, Administrative Assistant, NRAC Sharon Adams, Coordinator, NRAC Daniel Miller,West Virginia University Gerard DSouza, West Virginia University Tessa Getchis, Connecticut Sea Grant/UCONN Cooperative Extension Don Webster, University of Maryland John Ewart, Delaware Sea Grant Program Gef Flimlin, Rutgers Cooperative Extension Brandy Wilbur, MIT Sea Grant William Walton, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Michael Timmons, Cornell University Dan Terlizzi, University of Maryland Jackie Takacs,University of Maryland Kenneth Semmens, West Virginia University Gregg Rivara, Cornell University Tom Rippen, University of Maryland Eastern Shore Mike Rice, University of Rhode Island Robert Pomeroy, Sea Grant, University of Connecticut Dana L. Morse, Sea Grant University of Maine Roxanna Smolowitz,Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Sandra Shumway, University of Connecticut Gary Wikfors, Northeast Fisheries Center Helene Hegaret, University of Connecticut Richard Kraus, Aquaculture Research Corporation Leslie Sturmer, Multi-county Extension Agent, Sea Grant Extension, Steven Roberts, University of Washington Richard Karney, Martha's Vineyard Shellfish Group Robert Pomeroy, Roger Williams University Bradford Bourque, Roger Williams University Andrew Lazur, Center for Environmental Sciences, University of Maryland Bill Van Huekelem, Center for Environmental Sciences, University of Maryland Joe Soares, Black Duck Farm John N. Kraeuter, Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Rutgers Univ., Port Norris, NJ Susan Ford, Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Rutgers University, Port Norris, NJ David Bushek, Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Rutgers Univ., Port Norris, NJ Xinming Guo, Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Rutgers University, Port Norris, NJ Diane Murphy, Barnstable County's Cape Cod Cooperative Extension & Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant, Barnstable, MA George Mathis, Mathis and Mathis Inc. Egg Harbor, NJ Eric Swanson, Maine Cultured Mussels, Inc. Cliff Goudey, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sea Grant College Program David Alves, Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council Joseph Buttner, Salem State College Doris Hicks, University of Delaware Ann Faulds, Pennsylvania Sea Grant Craig Hollingsworth, University of Massachusetts Cooperative Extension Jurij Homziak, University of Vermont Ken La Valley, University of New Hampshire Dale Leavitt, Roger Williams University Dennis McIntosh, Delaware State University Sally Malloy, University of Maine Deborah Bouchard, University of Maine Michael Pietrak, University of Maine Ian R. Bricknell, University of Maine Michele Walsh, Microtechnologies, Richmond, ME Charles Conklin, Aquaculture Coordinator State of PA Phil Hulbert, New York Dept of Conservation Bureau of Fisheries Amandine Surier, Martha's Vineyard Shellfish Group, Inc. Emma Green-Beach, Martha's Vineyard Shellfish Group, Inc. Yongping Wang, Haskins Laboratory, Rutgers University Scott Lindell, Marine Biological Laboratory Jeff Gardner, Shellfish For YOU, RI Brian Beal, University of Maine Scott Laurie, Shellfish Farmer, MA TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audiences for this project are the aquaculture industry in the Northeast Region, University Researchers, Extension agents and specialists, aquaculture industry suppliers, and the general public. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Change of PI from Fred Wheaton to Reginal Harrell
Impacts
Outcomes from the biosecurity training components of this project have resulted in training of aquaculture producers in biosecurity procedures that will reduce their risk of disease in their facilities. There has been demonstration of what appropriate biosecurity practices should look like at an aquaculture facility and demonstration of appropriate, comprehensive fish health sampling event. As a result, there is direct interaction between fish health professionals, biosecurity auditors, regulators, researchers, educators and aquaculturists. As part of the clam QPX research effort researchers have significantly contributed the genomic resources available for this species. Raw data is available to the public via NCBI. Comparing gene expression between the two strains provides important insight into the processes associated with superior performing broodstock. Of the 203 differentially expressed genes associated with an enriched process, a majority were expressed at a higher level in the BARN. These data suggest that successful implementation of these responses is associated with increased survival such as we found evident in Barnstable Harbor. Finally, 145 putative SNP markers were discovered that will assist in the identification and selection of superior performing clams in future. After the final sampling of broodstock at the Barnstable site in the fall of 2010, the MBL selected 150 of the largest and presumably fastest growing BARN broodstock. These were housed in bio-secure facilities, conditioned and spawned this spring. Some were offered to a commercial hatchery (ARC) for introduction to their broodstock improvement program. The MBL has cultured the next generation of these clams and will re-stock them in the same location of QPX disease pressure in Barnstable for further testing and selective breeding. The textbook noted below by Timmons and Ebeling has been used for training several hundred aquaculture professionals and students in design of recirculating systems and the book has changed the design of many recirculating systems. The bivalve/finfish co-culture project has begun a foundation of knowledge on how fish pathogens of various physiologies interact with mussels on an Integrated Multi-Trophic Farm. It is anticipated that this knowledge will help to facilitate the introduction and adoption of IMTA by finfish growers in the Northeast Region. It has led to the further research partnerships and opened the door for a partnership with industry to deploy a commercial scale mussel raft on an existing salmon farm in order to investigate the use of mussels as a management strategy for sealice. The bay scallops project has proven the feasibility of tetraploidy induction for the bay scallop which is a worldwide first raising tremendous interest in the shellfish community in triploid and tetraploid technology through several oral and poster presentations.The CFER/MCM prototype acoustic duck deterrent buoy is considered essential to farm operations for its developer. There has been interest in this system from other farmers in Maine and Canada. Commercial production of the buoy is anticipated once buoy design is finalized.
Publications
- Molloy, S.D., M.R. Pietrak, D.A. Bouchard, J.T. Singer, I. Bricknell. Mussels As A Barrier to Infectious Salmon Anemia Transmission in Salmon on Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture Farms. 2010. Eastern Fish Health Workshop, Shepherdstown, WV.
- Molloy, S.D., M.R. Pietrak, D.A. Bouchard, J.T. Singer, I. Bricknell. Do mussels help spread or eliminate disease on an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture farm Aquaculture America 2010. San Diego, CA.
- M.R. Pietrak, S.D. Molloy, and I. Bricknell. 2009. Do mussels help spread disease or eliminate it on an integrated poly-trophic fish farm 34th Eastern Fish Health Workshop, Lake Placid, NY.
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Progress 09/01/09 to 08/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The project has supported the administrative function of the Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center (NRAC) which has enable NRAC to set research priorities, solicit proposals in response to the RFA and fund selected research and extension projects. Twelve Situation and Outlook reports were produced in 2010 describing the aquaculture industry in each state in the northeast Region. Successfully produced tetraploid bay scallops, Argopecten irradians, a world wide first. Tetraploid scallops are the only way to produced triploid bay scallops that will have the rapid growth needed to reach market size in one season in New England and thus avoid the high mortalities that currently occur in the winter. Five industry workshops and/or training opportunities were offered to extension agents and federal agency representatives. Eight technical publications of regional importance to producers were published. Situation and Outlook Reports were published for each NRAC state. All of these are posted on NRAC's website and also listed under publications in this report. PARTICIPANTS: Participants: Extension People Tessa Getchis, Connecticut Sea Grant/UCONN Cooperative Extension Dale Aves, Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council Joseph Buttner, Salem State College John Ewart, Delaware Sea Grant Program, University of Delaware Ann Faulds, Sea Grant, Pennsylvania State University George Flimlin, Cooperative Extension, Rutgers University Doris Hicks, University of Delaware Craig Hollingsworth, Cooperative Extension, University of Massachusetts Juri Homziak, University of Vermont Ken La Valley, University of New Hampshire Andrew Lazur, Sea Grant, University of Maryland Dale Leavitt, Roger Williams University Dennis Mcintosh, Delaware State University Dana L. Morse, Sea Grant / Cooperative Extension, University of Maine Mike Pietrak, Maine Aquaculture Association Robert Pomeroy, Sea Grant, University of Connecticut Mike Rice, Cooperative Extension, University of Rhode Island Tom Rippen, University of Maryland Eastern Shore Gregg Rivara, Cooperative Extension, Cornell University Jackie Takacs, Maryland Sea Grant, University of Maryland Dan Terlizzi, Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland William Walton, Sea Grant & CCCE, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Don Webster, University of Maryland Brandy Wilbur, MIT Sea Grant Researcher/ Industry: Paul Bagnall, Shellfish Constable, Martha's Vineyard John, Blake, Oyster Grower, Edgartown, MA Paul Bowser, Professor of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Cornell University James Casey, Associate Professor of Virology, Cornell University Charles Conklin, Owner, Big Brown Fish Hatchery Frederick Goetz, Senior Scientist Ximing Guo, Professor, Haskins Shellfish Laboratory, Rutgers University Phil Hulbert, Superintendent of Fish Culture, New York State Richard Karney, Director of Martha's Vineyard Shellfish Group, Inc., Dave MacNeill, Fisheries Specialist, New York Sea Grant Program Mark Malchoff, Aquatic Resources Specialist, Lake Champlain Sea Grant Program Eric Obert, Associate Director, Pennsylvania Grant Program Mike Pietrak, Project Manager, Maine Aquaculture Association Steven Roberts, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and University of Washington Kenneth Semmens, Aquaculture Extension specialists, West Virginia University Roxanna Smolowitz, New England Aquarium. Boston, Massachusetts Inke Sunila Amandine Surier, hatchery Manager, Martha's Vineyard Shellfish Group Michele Walsh, Micro Technologies, Inc., Richman, Maine William Walton, fisheries and Aquaculture specialist Barnstable County's Cape Cod Cooperative Extension and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant TARGET AUDIENCES: Finfish, Shellfish, and Aquatic Ornamental growers in the Northeast - see list of collaborators on industy sector in section above PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Developed the technology to produce tetraploid bay scallops, a world wide first. Helped the Northeast Extension specialists understand the risks and benefits of eating seafoods. This enables them to provide unbiased information to nutritionists, other professionals, and the public on the risks and benefits of eating seafoods. Improved knowledge on part of extension professionals about the risks and benefits of seafood consumption. Contributed to development of new offshore shellfish aquaculture operation in Massachusetts. Improved communication among extension professionals about relevant industry issues in the region. Experimental challenge trials document the relative susceptibility of fish to infection and development of disease due to VHSV. Such information is invaluable to the commercial aquaculture community when they develop and employ aquaculture biosecurity measures. The validation of the qRT-PCR provides the fish health and aquaculture community with a valuable tool for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of an infection due to VHSV
Publications
- Wheaton, F. W. 2009. Annual Report for the Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center, 2008-2009. NRAC. University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. Pp.300.
- Hope, K.M., R.N. Casey, G.H. Groocock, R.G. Getchell, P.R. Bowser and J.W. Casey. 2010. Comparison of quantitative RT-PCR with cell culture to detect viral hemorrhagicsepticemia virus IVb (VHSV IVb) infections in the Great Lakes. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. In press.
- Bowser, P. 2009. Fish Diseases: Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS). USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-201-2009. 6pp.
- Bowser, P. 2009. Fish Diseases: Mycobacteriosis of Fish. USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-202-2009. 3pp.
- Bowser, P., 2009. Fish Diseases: Spring Viremia of Carp (SVC). USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-203-2009. 4pp.
- Buttner, J., Beal, B.,and Weston, S. 2010. Softshell Clam Culture: Hatchery Phase, Broodstock Care through Seed Production. NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-202-2009. 12pp.
- Rivara, G., and Patricio, M. 2010. Lipd Enrichment of Easter Oyster Broodstock Using Commercially Available Emulsions. USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-204-2010. 4pp.
- Lazur, A., Flimlin, G. and Morse, D. 2010. Small Scale Marketing Opportunities for Aquaculture Products in the Northeast. USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-205-2010. 7pp.
- Rice, M., 2010. Cultured Mussels of the Northeast. USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-210-2010. 4pp.
- Cornwell, Emily R., Geoffrey E. Eckerlin, Rodman G. Getchell, Geoffrey H. Groocock, Paul R. Bowser, Mark B. Bain, and James W. Casey. 2010. Evidence for the continued presence of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus in the Great Lakes in apparently healthy fish. Great Lakes in Albany. Great Lakes Research Consortium Poster Session. 23 March 2010.
- Murphy, D., Burt, W., Buttner, J., Goudey, C., and Hollingsworth, C. 2009. Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2009: Massachusetts. USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-103-2009.
- Webster, D., Meritt, D., Takacs, J., Rippen, T., Lazur, A., Terlizzi, D., Harrell, R. 2009. Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2009: Maryland. USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-104-2009.
- Morse, D., Pietrak, M. 2009. Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2009: Maine. 2009. USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-105-2009.
- La Valley, K. 2010. Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2010: New Hampshire. USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-106-2010.
- Flimlin, G., and Myers, J. 2009. Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2009: New Jersey. USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-107-2009.
- Rivara, G., and Timmons, M. 2009. Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2009: New York. USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-108-2009.
- Faulds, A., and Conklin, C. 2009. Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2009: Pennsylvania. USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-109-2009.
- Rice, M., and Leavitt, D. 2009. Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2009: Rhode Island. USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-110-2009.
- Homziak, J. 2009. Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2009: Vermont. USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-111-2009.
- Semmens, K. 2010. Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2009: West Virginia. USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-112-2010.
- Getchis, T., and Pomeroy, R. 2009. Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2009: Connecticut. USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-101-2009.
- Bowser, P. R. 2009. Overview of VHSV Research at Cornell University. Workshop: A Research Plan for Wild Fish Diseases. USGS Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA. 5 November 2009 (invited workshop participant).
- Bowser, P. R. 2009. Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia; An Overview. Invasive Species; Fighting High Priority Invaders Through Research and Outreach. Cornell Cooperative Extension In-Service Education Opportunity. Ithaca, New York. 11 November 2009. (invited presenter).
- Bowser, P. R. 2009. Research Update on Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia; NRAC Workshop. Three presentations: 1. VHS as an Emerging Fish Disease. 2. What We Have Learned About VHS and VHSV Since 2006. 3. General Biosecurity Concepts. NYS Department of Agriculture and Markets Headquarters, Albany, NY. 3 December 2009.
- Cornwell, Emily R., Geoffrey E. Eckerlin, Kristine M. Hope, Rodman G. Getchell, Geoffrey H. Groocock, Paul R. Bowser, Rufina N. Casey, Mark B. Bain, William N. Batts, James R. Winton and James W. Casey. 2010. Distribution and prevalence of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia virus in Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. Annual Meeting of the New York Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. Lake George, New York. 10-12 February 2010. (Best Student Presentation Award to ERC)
- McIntosh, D., J. and Ewart. 2009. Delaware Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2009. USDA NIFA Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-102-2009.
- Surier A. et al., 2010. Creating a tetraploid broodstock for the bay scallop Argopecten irradians. Oral Presentation for the Milford Aquaculture meeting in Sheldon, CT, February 2010.
- Surier A. et al., 2010. Creating a tetraploid broodstock for the bay scallop Argopecten irradians. Oral Presentation for the Aquaculture America and National Shellfisheries Association tri-annual meeting in San Diego, CA, March 2010.
- Getchell, R.G., G.H. Groocock, E.R. Cornwell, K.M. Hope, R.N. Casey, J.W. Casey, and P.R. Bowser. 2010. VHSV Research Products Influencing Management and Regulatory Decisions. Coastal Ocean Science Solutions; Research Leading to Management Tools and the Development of Ocean Policy. 2010 Ocean Science Meeting. Portland, OR. 22-26 February 2010.
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Progress 09/01/08 to 08/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Outputs The administrative budget of the Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center was supported from this project and parts of seven different projects were funded from this project. Outputs from this project have included publications, distribution and analysis of the results of a Aquaculture Producer informational Needs Survey, sponsorship of five regional meeting including Farmed Fish health Workshop, The Milford Aquaculture Seminar, the Cornell Recirculating Aquaculture Short course, the East Coast Commercial Fisherman's and Aquaculture Trade Exposition, and an industry session at the national Shellfisheries Association meeting. The Directory of Northeast Region Aquaculture Facilities was updated and is available on the NRAC web site. A comparison of concrete fish tanks with U-shaped HPDE plastic fish tanks showed that use of HDPE tanks are less expensive to build than concrete tanks of the same capacity and appear to produce similar results. The Roger Williams University established a formal agreement with the New England Aquarium to start a joint research/teaching program in aquarium science (marine ornamentals) as a result of an NRAC funded research project. Research has shown that P. marinus proliferates to a lesser degree in oysters from a natural population that has experienced heavy disease pressure and are therefore good candidates on which to start a breeding program. A set of genetic markers has been developed that maybe used to compare groups, strains, or families of oysters in terms of their performance. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for detection of P. marinus was developed, validated against traditional methods, and can serve as a high through-put, low cost alternative to current P. marinus diagnoses methods. A new method for fatty acid analysis has been developed which greatly reduces the time necessary for analysis and provides significantly greater sensitivity than the current method. Diets have been tested for clownfish that have shown to provide better color in the fish than some of the usual diets fed clownfish. This provides a definite advantage in marketing fish. Stress from lower temperatures, genetic clam strain, and heightened OPX infective abilities all effect infection of clams by QPX. It was shown that QPX is more infectious when the QPX is grown on minced hard clam tissue than when grown on standard media. Clams harvested from Florida were less resistant to QPX at lower temperatures (19, 16, and 14 0 C) than clams harvested in Massachusetts. A set of genetic markers has been developed that maybe used to compare groups, strains, or families of oysters in terms of their performance. PARTICIPANTS: The following individuals and/or organizations worked on one or more of the projects funded under this project. Fred Wheaton, Director, Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center(NRAC) Lou Jean Jackson, Administrative Assistant, NRAC Sharon Adams, Coordinator, NRAC Daniel Miller, Division of Research Management, Davis College of Agriculture, Forestry & Consumer Sciences, West Virginia University Gerard DSouza, Division of Research Management, Davis College of Agriculture, Forestry & Consumer Sciences, West Virginia University Tessa Getchis, Connecticut Sea Grant/UCONN Cooperative Extension Don Webster, University of Maryland John Ewart, Delaware Sea Grant Program Gef Flimlin, Rutgers Cooperative Extension Brandy Wilbur, MIT Sea Grant William Walton, Sea Grant & CCCE, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Michael Timmons, Cornell University Dan Terlizzi, Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Jackie Takacs, Maryland Sea Grant, University of Maryland Kenneth Semmens, Extension Service, West Virginia University Gregg Rivara, Cooperative Extension, Cornell University Tom Rippen, University of Maryland Eastern Shore Mike Rice, Cooperative Extension, University of Rhode Island Robert Pomeroy, Sea Grant, University of Connecticut Dana L. Morse, Sea Grant / Cooperative Extension, University of Maine Roxanna Smolowitz, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Sanda Shumway, University of Connecticut Gary Wikfors, Northeast Fisheries Center Helene Hegaret, University of Connecticut Richard Kraus, Aquaculture Research Corporation Leslie Sturmer, Multi-county Extension Agent, Sea Grant Extension, Steven Roberts, University of Washington Richard Karney, Martha's Vineyard Shellfish Group Robert Pomeroy, Roger Williams University Bradford Bourque, Roger Williams University Andrew Lazur, Center for Environmental Sciences, University of Maryland Bill Van Huekelem, Center for Environmental Sciences, University of Maryland TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audiences for this project are the aquaculture industry in the Northeast Region, University Researchers, Extension agents and specialists, aquaculture industry suppliers, and the general public. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Outcomes from the biosecurity training components of this project have resulted in training of aquaculture producers in biosecurity procedures that will reduce their risk of disease in their facilities. A new fatty analysis method for use in brood stock nutrition and egg quality assessment was developed that reduces the time of analysis from 2.5 hours to about 1.2 hours per sample. The validity and sensitivity of the new protocol was verified by replicating media enrichment feeding studies of artemia and analyzing for their fatty acid content in comparison to the standard Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer methodology. It was shown that clams from different areas when transferred to a new area will exhibit different disease resistance characteristics to OPX. Thus, allowing transport of clams based only on their state of origin may not be sufficient to optimize growth and survival of hard clams after planting. The textbook noted below by Timmons and Ebeling has been used for training several hundred aquaculture professionals and students in design of recirculating systems and the book has changed the design of many recirculating systems.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 09/01/07 to 08/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Outputs from this project have included publications, distribution and analysis of the results of a Aquaculture Producer informational Needs Survey, sponship of five regional meetings including Farmed Fish Health Workshop, The Milford Aquaculture Seminar, the Cornell Recirculating Aquaculture Short Course, the East Coast Commercial Fisherman's and Aquaculture Trade Exposition, and an industry session at the National Shellfisheries Association meeting. The Directory of Northeast Region Aquaculture Facilities was updated and is available on the NRAC web site. A comparison of concrete fish tanks with U-shaped HPDE plastic fish tanks showed that use of HDPE tanks are less expensive to build than concrete tanks of the same capacity and appear to produce similar results. The Roger Williams University established a formal agreement with the New England Aquarium to start a joint research/teaching program in aquarium science (marine ornamentals) as a result of an NRAC funded research project. Research has shown that P. marinus proliferates to a lesser degree in oysters from a natural population that has experienced heavy disease pressure and these oysters are therefore good candidates on which to start a breeding program. A set of genetic markers has been developed that maybe used to compare groups, strains, or families of oysters in terms of their performance. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for detection of P. marinus was developed, validated against traditional methods, and can serve as a high through-put, low cost alternative to current P. marinus diagnoses methods. A new method for fatty acid analysis which greatly reduces the time necessary for analysis and provides significantly greater sensitivity than the current method. Diets have been tested for clownfish that have shown to provide better color in the fish than some of the usual diets fed clownfish. This provides a definite advantage in marketing fish. Stress from lower temperatures, genetic clam strain, and heightened OPX infective abilities all effect infection of clams by QPX. It was shown that QPX is more infectious when the QPX is grown on minced hard clam tissue than when grown on standard media. Clams harvested from Florida were less resistant to QPX at lower temperatures (19, 16, and 14 0 C) than clams harvested in Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS: The following individuals and/or organizations worked on one or more of the projects funded under this project. Fred Wheaton, Director, Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center(NRAC) Lou Jean Jackson, Administrative Assistant, NRAC Sharon Adams, Coordinator, NRAC Daniel Miller, Division of Research Management, Davis College of Agriculture, Forestry & Consumer Sciences, West Virginia University Gerard DSouza, Division of Research Management, Davis College of Agriculture, Forestry & Consumer Sciences, West Virginia University Tessa Getchis, Connecticut Sea Grant/UCONN Cooperative Extension Don Webster, University of Maryland John Ewart, Delaware Sea Grant Program Gef Flimlin, Rutgers Cooperative Extension Brandy Wilbur, MIT Sea Grant William Walton, Sea Grant & CCCE, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Michael Timmons, Cornell University Dan Terlizzi, Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Jackie Takacs, Maryland Sea Grant, University of Maryland Kenneth Semmens, Extension Service, West Virginia University Gregg Rivara, Cooperative Extension, Cornell University Tom Rippen, University of Maryland Eastern Shore Mike Rice, Cooperative Extension, University of Rhode Island Robert Pomeroy, Sea Grant, University of Connecticut Dana L. Morse, Sea Grant / Cooperative Extension, University of Maine Roxanna Smolowitz, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Sanda Shumway, University of Connecticut Gary Wikfors, Northeast Fisheries Center Helene Hegaret, University of Connecticut Richard Kraus, Aquaculture Research Corporation Leslie Sturmer, Multi-county Extension Agent, Sea Grant Extension, Steven Roberts, University of Washington Richard Karney, Martha's Vineyard Shellfish Group Robert Pomeroy, Roger Williams University Bradford Bourque, Roger Williams University Andrew Lazur, Center for Environmental Sciences, University of Maryland Bill Van Huekelem, Center for Environmental Sciences, University of Maryland Joe Soares, Black Duck Farm TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audiences for this project are the aquaculture industry in the Northeast Region, University Researchers, Extension agents and specialists, aquaculture industry suppliers, and the general public. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Outcomes from the biosecurity training components of this project have resulted in training of aquaculture producers in biosecurity procedures that will reduce their risk of disease in their facilities. A new fatty analysis method for use in brood stock nutrition and egg quality assessment was developed that reduces the time of analysis from 2.5 hours to about 1.2 hours per sample. The validity and sensitivity of the new protocol was verified by replicating media enrichment feeding studies of artemia and analyzing for their fatty acid content in comparision to the standard Gas Chromatrophic/Mass Spectrometer methodology. It was shown that clams from different areas when transfered to a new area will exhibit different disease resistance characteristics to OPX. Thus, allowing transport of clams based only on their state of origin may not be sufficient to optimize growth and surival of hard clams after planting. The administrative budget for the Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center (NRAC) was supported from this project. This enabled NRAC to determine research and extension priorities, receive and review proposals and fund seven aquaculture research and extension projects in the Northeast Region.
Publications
- Webster, D., J. Takacs, T. E. Rippen, A. Lazur, and D. Terlizzi. 2007. Maryland. Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2007. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-104-2007.
- Bowser, P.R. 2008. Fish Health Inspections. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-106-2008. 3pp.
- Hegaret, H., R. Smolowitz, G. H. Wikfors, J. DeFaveri, W. Walton, D. Murphy, and S.E. Shumway. 2008. Effect of temperature on hemocyte responses of northern quahogs (=hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria) from different populations, infected by the protistan organism, Quahog Parasite Unknown. Presented at the National Shellfish Association Conference, Providence, Rhode Island.
- Markely, K., D. Proestou, J. Korun, D. Leavitt, and M. Gomez-Chiarri. 2008. Roseovarius oyster disease outbreak in Rhode Island coastal salt ponds. Presented at the National Shellfisheries Association Conference. Providence, Rhode Island.
- Medvedev, Sergey, Christa Hanson, Amanda White, Kevin Jackson, Heidi Fournier. Bradford Bourque, and Harold Pomeroy. 2006. The effects of broodstock diet on reproductive performance and egg quality for false percula clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris, are special diets worth the effort Presented at the World Aquaculture Society/Marine Ornamentals Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- O'Shea, Steven K., Nancy E. Breen Bradford D. Bourque, and Harold Pomeroy. 2006. A more efficient method of fatty acid analysis to study brood stock nutrition and egg quality In marine ornamental fishes. Presented at the World Aquaculture Society/Marine Ornamentals Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- Roberts, Steven, Gary Wikfors, Inke Sunila, Christina Romano, Frederick Goetz, and Mike Grzybowski. 2007. Gene expression profiling and cellular characteristics of Crassostrea virginica hemocytes: Evaluating interactions of physical stress and disease exposure. Aquaculture 2007 and NSA Conference. San Antonio, TX. March 1 2007.
- Smolowitz, R., S. Roberts, J. DeFaveri, C. Romano, and R. Karney. 2006. Characterizing disease resistance in native oysters that have experienced disease pressure. Northeast Aquaculture Conference and Exposition. Groton, Connecticut. http://fish.washington.edu/research/genefish/robertslab/dermo.html]
- Smolowitz, R. 2006. A review of QPX disease with an emphasis on initiation and progression in wild and cultured populations of Mercenaria mercenaria. Presented at the National Shellfish Association Conference, Monterey, California.
- Smolowitz, R., J. DeFaveri, W. Walton, D. Murphy, and D.Leavitt. 2008. The interaction of temperature and hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) strain on the occurrence of QPX disease in the laboratory. Presented at the National Shellfish Association Conference, Providence, Rhode Island.
- Smolowitz, R. 2008. Recent knowledge concerning QPX infections in hard clams. Presented at the 33rd Eastern Fish Health Conference. Buford, South Carolina.
- DeFaveri, J., S. Roberts, C. Romano, and R. Smolowitz. 2006. Real-time PCR for routine diagnosis of Dermo disease in Crassostrea virginica. NACE. Groton, CT. December 6, 2006. [http://fish.washington.edu/research/genefish/robertslab/dermo.html]
- Van Heukelem, William, Erin Ryder, and Andrew Lazur. 2006. Effect of diet ingredients on color and growth of clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris and A. frenatus. Presented at the World Aquaculture Society/Marine Ornamentals Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- Van Heukelem, William, Jonathan Doyle, Erin Ryder, and Andrew Lazur. 2006. Effects of fatty acid diet enrichments on survival, growth and metamorphosis of clownfish Amphiprion frenatus and A. ocellaris. Presented at the World Aquaculture Society/Marine Ornamentals Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- White, Amanda, Kevin Jackson,Serge Medvedev, Christa Hanson, Carma Gilcrist, Bradford Bourque, and Harold Pomeroy. 2006. The effect of juvenile diet on coloration, growth, and survival for false percula clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris. Presented at the World Aquaculture Society/Marine Ornamentals Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- Barnaby, R. 2007. New Hampshire Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2007. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-106-2007.
- Buttner, J.K, W. Kurt, W. C. Walton, B. M.Wilbur, C. Hollingsworth, and D.Murphy. 2007. Massachusetts Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2007. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-103-2007.
- Faulds, A. 2007. Pennsylvania Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2007. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-109-2007.
- Flimlin, G.E., and J. Myers. 2007. New Jersey Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2007. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-107-2007.
- Getchis, T.S., and R. S. Pomeroy. 2007. Connecticut Aquaculture Situation and Outlook. Report 2007. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-101-2007.
- Getchis, T.S. and A. Magda. 2007. Aquaculture Producer Outreach Needs Survey. Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center and University of Connecticut Center for Survey Research and Analysis. 30pp.
- Homziak, J. 2007. Vermont Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2007. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-112-2007.
- McIntosh, D., J. and Ewart. 2007. Delaware Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2007. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-102-2007.
- Morse, D., and M. Pietrak. 2007. Maine Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2007. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-105-2007.
- Rice, M.A., D. Leavitt, and D. Alves. 2007. Rhode Island Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2007. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-110-2007.
- Rivara, G., and M. Timmons. 2007. New York Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2007. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-108-2007.
- Semmens, K., D. J. Miller, and R. Kiser. 2007. West Virginia Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report 2007. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-112-2007.
- Buttner, J., G. Flimlin, and D. Webster. 2008. Freshwater Aquaculture Species for the Northeast. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-102-2008. 7pp.
- Buttner, J., G. Flimlin, and D. Webster. 2008. Marine Aquaculture Species for the Northeast. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-103-2008. 6pp.
- Flimlin, G., J. Buttner, and D. Webster. 2008. Aquaculture Systems for the Northeast. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-104-2008. 7pp.
- McIntosh, D. 2008. Aquaculture Risk Management. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-107-2008. 4pp.
- Rice, M.A. 2008. Environmental Effects of Shellfish Aquaculture in the Northeast. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-105-2008. 6pp.
- Roberts, S., R. Smolowitz, R. Karney, and W. Walton. 2008. Development of genetic markers to assess disease resistance in the eastern oyster. Factsheet.http://fish.washington.edu/research/genefish/robertslab/der mo.html]
- Webster, D., J. Buttner, and G. Flimlin. 2008. Planning for Success in Your Aquaculture Business. USDA CSREES Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center. NRAC-101-2008. 8pp.
- Miller,Daniel Joseph. 2008. Comparison of a new U shaped plastic fish tank system to the traditional concrete raceway system. Dissertation submitted to West Virginia University, Morgan Town, West Virginia. (On line abstract available at https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTDdocumentid=5628).
- Timmons, Michael, and James Ebeling. 2007. Recirculating aquaculture systems. Cayuga Aqua Ventures. Publication Number 01-007. Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. Pp.975.
- Miller, Daniel and Gerard D'Souza. 2008. Economic analysis of an alternate fish raceway system. Report for NRAC Grant Number 2002-38500-12056. University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.
- Diner, E., R. Smolowitz, M. Gomez-Chiarri, K. Tammi, D. Leavitt, S. Roberts. 2006. Assessing disease tolerance in the eastern oyster using gene expression profiling. 26th Annual NOAA-NMFS Milford Aquaculture Symposium. Meridan, Connecticut.
- Hegaret,H., G. H. Wikfors, R. Smolowitz, S. E. Shumway. 2007. Effect of the harmful algal Prorocentrum minimum on the hemocyte response of quahogs Mercenaria mercenaria with various levels of QPX infection. Presented at the Fourth Symposium on Harmful Algae in the U.S., Woods Hole, MA.
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Progress 09/01/06 to 08/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The FY 2006 funding is the first funding that came directly from USDA,CSREES to the Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center (NRAC) at the University of Maryland. Previously funding went through the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, the previous location of NRAC. FY 2006 funding will be used to fund NRAC administrative operation and to fund two projects: 1) Evaluation of putatively QPX-resistant strains of northern hard clams using field and genetic studies, and 2) Deterring duck predation with underwater sound. These projects are just getting underway.
PARTICIPANTS: Project work will on OPX disease in hard clams will involve Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, MA. ; Haskins Shellfish Laboratory, Rutgers University at Port Norris, N.J.; School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; three private clam farms in MA and RI; Aquaculture Research Corportation, Dennis, MA; and the Department of Aquaculture in Shippagan, New Brunswick, Canada. The Deterring Duck project will include three private mussel farms in Maine; Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA.; the Darling Marine Center, University of Maine in Walpole, ME.; and a private company specializing in ecological studies in Maine. The NRAC offices are located at the University fo Maryland, College Park, Maryland.
TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences include aquaculture producers, researchers, extension personnel, state agency personnel, and the general public. Transfer of knowledge will be carried out by extension personnel involved in each project and by the researchers on the projects.
PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Project funding is in the early stages and directions of the projects have not changed.
Impacts
Funds provided will support research into OPX, a serious disease of hard clams that causes mass mortalities in hard clams. The second project will determine methods to reduce or eliminate prediation on mussels by eider ducks, a serious predator of cultured mussels in the Northeast.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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