Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/12
Outputs
Target Audience: Crop producerss, crop Consultants, County Agriculture Extension Agents, Crop and Soil Extension and Research Scientists, and Natural Resource Conversationalists. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The five-year project intended to fine-tune production practices for growing strip-till corn in eastern Kansas. During the year, N rates, placement locations for starter fertilizer, and effects of planting at different distances from the center of strip-tilled fertilized rows were evaluated. Rates of N compared were 67, 90, 112, 134, 157 and 179 kg/ha including a check. The starter fertilizer options evaluated were the placement of all the starter (34-15-9 kg/ha) 12.5 cm directly below the row in the strip-till zone, application of all of the starter fertilizer 6.25 cm to the side and 6.25 cm below the seed row at planting, and as a combination application of one-half of the starter applied in the strip-till zone and one-half beside the seed row. The planting distances from the row evaluated were zero, 10, 20, and 30 cm. A research update covering the effects of these practices was presented to the Kansas Agribusiness Retailers Assocation at Salina and to Agricltural agents at the KAnsas State University Agronomy, In-Depth Training at Manhattan.
Publications
|
Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This was the sixth year of a five-year project intended to fine-tune production practices for growing strip-till corn in eastern Kansas. During 2011, N rates, placement locations for starter fertilizer, and effects of planting at different distances from the center of strip-tilled fertilized rows were evaluated. Rates of N compared were 67, 90, 112, 134, 157 and 179 kg/ha including a check. The starter fertilizer options evaluated were the placement of all of the starter (34-15-9 kg/ha) 12.5 cm directly below the row in the strip-till zone, application of all of the starter fertilizer 6.25 cm to the side and 6.25 cm below the seed row at planting, and as a combination application of one-half of the starter applied in the strip-till zone and one-half beside the seed row. The planting distances from the row evaluated were zero, 10, 20, and 30 cm. A research update covering the effects of these practices was presented to the Kansas Agribusiness Retailers Association at Salina and to Agricultural agents at the Kansas State University Agronomy, In-Depth Training at Manhattan. PARTICIPANTS: Research and support staff from the East-Central and Kansas River Valley Experiment Fields cooperated on these studies. TARGET AUDIENCES: Crop Producers, Crop Consultants, County Agriculture Extension Agents, Crop and Soil Extension and Research Scientists, Natural Resource Conversationalists PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Project was extended for one year.
Impacts
Summarized for all years, the amount of pre-plant N fertilizer required to maximize the yield of strip-till, rainfed, corn in this study varied between 67 and 160 kg/ha. This range of response to N suggests that in-season analysis and application of N will likely be necessary for most efficient application. Generally, change in yield potential, as a result of rainfall amount, was a major factor in affecting N need, but N loss from excessive rainfall was also involved. The best location for placement of starter fertilizer (N-P-K) was found to be in the strip till zone. Placement of the starter fertilizer nutrients 6.25 cm to the side and 6.25 cm below the seed row at planting increased early season corn growth more than placement in the strip-till zone, but tended to not increase yield. Best overall yields were obtained when the starter fertilizer nutrients were included along with the rest of the fertilizer in the strip-till zone. Planting distances from the strip-till rows were found not to be critical unless planting exceeded 10 cm. from the row. Then, yield was reduced. Precise planting close to the row and sub-surface placement of fertilizers under the row with strip-till should help minimize immobilization and volatilization of N and improve N and P fertilizer use efficiency. Also, corn growers using strip-tillage with under-the-row banded fertilizers should not have to purchase costly starter planter-fertilizer-banding equipment for applying fertilizer. They can simply place the starter fertilizer nutrients in with the rest of the strip-till fertilizer when applied. Corn growers using strip-tillage also might consider purchasing GPS and auto steer as planting in close proximity to the strip-till fertilized rows was found to be important. Implementation of these practices has the potential to increase corn yields, reduce corn production costs, improve fertilizer use efficiency, better protect land and water resources, and help keep corn-based food and bio-fuel costs down for USA consumers.
Publications
- Janssen, K.A. Impact of planting at different distance from the center of strip-tilled fertilized rows on early growth and yield of corn. Kansas. Agronomy Field Research 2011, East Central Kansas Experiment Field, April 2011. Available at http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/library/crps12/srp1048.pdf (Verified 31 Jan. 2012).
|
Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This was the fifth year of a project intended to fine-tune production practices for growing strip-till corn in Kansas. During 2010, N rates, placement locations for starter fertilizer, and effects of planting at different distances from the strip-tilled fertilized row were evaluated. Rates of N compared were 67, 90, 112, 134, 157 and 179 kg/ha including a check. The starter fertilizer options evaluated were the placement of all of the starter (34-15-9 kg/ha) 12.5 cm directly below the row in the strip-till zone, application of all of the starter fertilizer 6.25 cm to the side and 6.25 cm below the seed row at planting, and as a combination application of one-half of the starter applied in the strip-till zone and one-half beside the seed row. The planting distances from the row evaluated were zero, 10, 20, and 30 cm. A research update covering these practices was presented to corn producers at the annual, East-Central Kansas Experiment Field, fall Field Day. PARTICIPANTS: Research and support staff from the East-Central and Kansas River Valley Experiment Fields cooperated on these studies. TARGET AUDIENCES: Crop Producers, Crop Consultants, County Agriculture Extension Agents, Crop and Soil Extension and Research Scientists, Natural Resource Conversationalists PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: The project was extended for one year.
Impacts
Averaged over five years, the amount of N fertilizer required too maximize strip-till corn yield varied between 90 and 160 kg/ha N depending on the growing season. This is a wide range of difference of N need, suggesting that in-season N assessment and application of N may be necessary for best N application efficiency. The best location for placement of starter fertilizer (N-P-K) was found to be in the strip till zone. Placement of the starter fertilizer beside the seed row at planting increased early season corn growth more than placement in the strip-till zone, but did not increase yield. Deviations in planting distances from the strip-till rows were found to reduce yield when planting distances from the row exceeded 10 cm. Planting directly over the top of the strip-tilled fertilzed rows, or in close proximity to the rows, produced highest yields. Precise planting and sub-surface placement of fertilizers under the row with strip-tillage should improve N and P fertilizer use efficiency and help minimize volatilization and immobilization of N. Also, corn growers using strip-tillage with fertilizers placed under the row should not have to purchase costly planter fertilizer-banding equipment for applying starter fertilizer. They can simply include the starter fertilizer in with the rest of the under the row strip-till fertilizer without risk of yield loss. Corn growers using strip-tillage, also might consider purchasing GPS and auto steer as precise planting in relation to where the tilled fertizer bands were located was found to be important. Implementation of these practices has the potential to increase corn yield, reduce corn production costs, improve fertilizer use efficiency, better protect land and water resources, and help keep corn-based food and bio-fuel costs down for USA consumers.
Publications
- Janssen, K.A. Evaluation of nitrogen rates and starter fertilizer for strip-till corn. Kansas Agronomy Field Research 2010, Kansas River Valley and East Central Kansas Experiment Fields, May 2010. Available at http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/library (type field research in search box)Verified 13 Dec. 2010.
- Janssen, K.A. Impact of planting at different distance from the center of strip-tilled fertilized rows on early growth and yield of corn. Kansas Agronomy Field Research 2010, Kansas River Valley and East Central Kansas Experiment Fields, May 2010. Available at http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/library(type field research in search box)Verified 13 Dec. 2010).
|
Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This was the fourth year of a five-year project intended to fine-tune production practices for growing strip-till corn in Kansas. During 2009, evaluation of N rates, placement location for starter fertilizer, and effects of not planting directly on the strip-till fertilized rows were evaluated. Rates of N compared were 67, 90, 112, 134, 157 and 179 kg/ha including a check. The options for application of starter fertilizer evaluated were the placement of all of the starter (34-15-9 kg/ha) 12.5 cm directly below the row in the strip-till zone, application of all of the starter fertilizer 6.25 cm to the side and 6.25 cm below the seed row at planting, and as a combination application of one-half of the starter applied in the strip-till zone and one-half beside the seed row. The deviations in planting distances from the center of the strip-till fertilized rows evaluated were zero, 10, 20, and 30 cm. A research update covering these studies was presented to corn producers at the annual, East-Central Kansas Experiment Field, fall Field Day. PARTICIPANTS: Research and support staff from the East-Central and Kansas River Valley Experiment Fields cooperated on these studies. TARGET AUDIENCES: Crop Producers, Crop Consultants, County Agriculture Extension Agents, Crop and Soil Extension and Research Scientists, Natural Resource Conversationalists PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Project Modifications: None
Impacts
The amount of N fertilizer necessary to maximize strip-till corn yield in eastern Kansas when fertilizer N is placed directly under the strip-till corn rows, appear to be between 90 and 130 kg/ha depending on the growing season. Generally, the earlier the N application is before planting the higher was the requirement for N. The best location for placement of starter fertilizer nutrients (N-P-K) was found to be in the strip till zone. Deviations in planting distances from the strip-tilled fertilizer rows was found not to be critical unless planting distances from the rows exceeded 10 cm. Then, early-season corn growth and yield were reduced. Sub-surface placement of fertilizers under the row should help minimize volatilization and immobilization of N and improve N and P fertilizer use efficiency. Also, corn growers using strip-tillage should not have to purchasing costly planter fertilizer-banding equipment for applying starter fertilizer. They can simply place the starter fertilizer nutrients in with the rest of the fertilizer under the row. Corn growers using strip-tillage also might consider purchasing GPS and auto steer as planting in close proximity to the strip-till fertilized rows was found to be important. Implementation of these practices has the potential to reduce corn production costs, improve fertilizer use efficiency, better protect land and water resources, and help keep corn-based food and bio-fuel costs down for USA consumers.
Publications
- Janssen, K.A. Evaluation of nitrogen rates and starter fertilizer for strip-till corn in eastern Kansas. Agronomy Field Research 2009. East Central Kansas and Kansas River Valley Experiment Fields, May 2009. Available at http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/library/crps12/SRP 1017.pdf (Verified 10 Dec. 2009).
- Janssen, K.A. Impact of planting distance from the row on early growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of strip-till fertilized corn. In 2009 Agronomy abstracts, ASA-CSSA-SSSA, International Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. Available at http://a-c-s.confex.com/crops/2009am/webprogram/Paper55311.html. (Verified 10 Dec 2009).
|
Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This was the third year of a five-year project to fine-tune best management practices for growing strip-till corn in Kansas. During 2008, N rates, starter fertilization practices, planting dates, hybrid maturities, and plant populations were evaluated. Rates of N compared were 67, 90, 112, 134, 157 and 179 kg/ha including a check. The starter fertilizer methods evaluated were the application of all of the starter N-P-K fertilizer (34-15-9 kg/ha) placed 12.5 cm below the row in the strip-till zone, application of all of the starter fertilizer banded 6.25 cm to the side and 6.25 cm below the seed at planting, and as a combination application of one-half of the starter applied in the strip-till zone and one-half at planting. Planting dates evaluated ranged from the middle of March through the end of April, hybrid maturities tested varied from 105 to 113 days, and plant populations ranged from 18-27 K. A field tour and progress update for these studies were disseminated at the annual, East-Central Kansas Experiment Field, fall Field Day. PARTICIPANTS: Research and support staff from the East-Central and Kansas River Valley Experiment Fields cooperated on these studies. TARGET AUDIENCES: Crop Producers, Crop Consultants, County Agriculture Extension Agents, Crop and Soil Extension and Research Scientists, Natural Resource Conversationalists PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None
Impacts
More data are needed to verify results, but for non-irrigated, strip-till corn following soybeans on upland soils in east-central Kansas the amount of N required appears to be between 90 and 130 kg/ha and the best location for placement of N-P-K starter fertilizer nutrients appears to be in the strip till zone. Best time of planting was late March to mid April using a 110-day hybrid and having a final plant stand of 22-24,000 plants per acre. Corn growers in Kansas might benefit from this information if they can reduce traditional nitrogen rates when growing corn with strip-till methods and with under the row banded fertilizers. Banding fertilizers under the row should reduce volatilization and immobilization of N and improve N and P fertilizer use efficiency. Also, corn producers using strip-tillage may be able to refrain from purchasing costly planter fertilizer-banding equipment and not have to apply starter fertilizer at planting time making crop establishment faster. Implementation of these best management practices have the potential to reduce corn growers cost of production, improve fertilizer use efficiency, protect land and water resources better and help keep corn-based food and bio-fuel costs down for consumers.
Publications
- Janssen, K.A. Evaluation of nitrogen rates and starter fertilizer for strip-till corn in eastern Kansas. Agronomy Field Research 2008. Kansas River Valley and East Central Kansas, May 2008. Available at http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/crpst2/sections/UNN-ECKRV08.pdf (Verified 9 Dec. 2008).
- Maddux, L. Planting date, hybrid maturity, and plant populations effects on corn. Agronomy Field Research 2008. Kansas River Valley and East Central Kansas, May 2008. Available at http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/crpst2/sections/UNN-ECKRV08.pdf (Verified 9 Dec. 2008).
|
Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This was the second year of a five-year project to identify best practices for growing strip-till corn in Kansas. Strip-tillage, which disturbs only a third of the soil surface area compared to conventional tillage and places fertilizer in a band in the bottom of the strip-till zone, has the potential to leave more crop residues on the soil surface, reduce soil erosion, improve the quality of surface water, reduce the amount of energy required to grow crops, and increase fertilizer use efficiency. In 2007, seven nitrogen rates and three starter fertilizer placement methods were evaluated for strip-till corn at the East-Central Kansas Experiment Field at Ottawa. Rates of N compared were 67, 90, 112, 134, 157 and 179 kg/ha N including a check. The starter fertilizer placement methods evaluated were the application of all of the N-P-K starter (30-30-10), 12.5 cm below the seed row during the strip-till operation, application of all of the starter 6.25 cm to the side and 6.25 cm
below the seed row at planting, and a combination of one-half of the starter fertilizer applied in the strip-till zone and one-half at planting. The 2007 corn growing season was hot and dry. Under these conditions the 90 kg per hectare N rate optimized corn grain yields when corn followed soybeans. The placement of starter fertilizer at planting had no advantage with regards to early-season corn growth or grain yields compared to placement of all of the starter in the strip-till zone. Plant populations were unaffected by the N rates and the starter fertilizer applications. More years of testing are needed before credible recommendations can be made as to possible lower N requirements for strip-till corn and the best location for placement of starter fertilizer.
PARTICIPANTS: Keith A. Janssen and James M. Kimball
TARGET AUDIENCES: Crop Producers, Crop Consultants, County Agriculture Extension Agents, Crop and Soil Extension and Research Scientists, Natural Resource Conversationalists
PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None
Impacts
Corn growers in Kansas might benefit if they can reduce traditional nitrogen rates, use less fuel, and decrease soil losses when growing corn using an under-the-row strip-tillage fertilization system. Nitrogen's high cost, diminishing energy supplies, and continued loss of field soils by erosion demands prudent use. Research also considered whether there is a yield advantage from applying starter fertilizer at planting when growing corn using an under-the-row banded strip-till fertilization system. Depending on the outcomes corn producers may be able to apply less nitrogen fertilizer and could refrain from purchasing costly planter fertilizer banding equipment and not have to apply fertilizer at planting time. The adoption of strip-tillage and the banding of fertilizers under the row in the same tillage pass has the potential to reduce corn production costs, increase fertilizer use efficiency, protect land and water resources better, and keep corn-based food and fuel
prices down for consumers.
Publications
- Janssen,K.A.2007.Evaluation of N rates and starter fertilizer placement methods for strip till corn in Eastern Kansas.In 2007 Agronomy abstracts ASA Madison, WI
|
Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
This was the first year of a five year project to identify best management practices for growing strip-till corn in Kansas. In 2006, nitrogen rates and starter fertilizer placement methods were evaluated. Rates of N compared were 67, 90, 112, 134, 157 and 179 kg/ha N including a check. The P-K-N starter fertilizer placement methods evaluated included all of the P-K-N starter applied 12.5 cm below the row during the strip-till operation, all of the P-K-N starter placed 5 x 5 cm from the seed row at planting, and combination strip-till and planter applied starter applications. The 2006 corn growing season was hot and dry. Under these conditions the 90 kg per hectare N rate maximized corn grain yields. The placement of starter fertilizer significantly impacted early-season corn growth. The application of the P-K-N starter beside the seed row at planting increased early-season corn growth 64% compared to the application of all of the P-K-N starter in the strip-till zone.
Combination starter applications (1/2 with the planter and 1/2 in the strip-till zone) produced intermediate early season growth. The increased early-season growth of corn with the P-K-N starter applied at planting, however, did not increase yield. Highest grain yields were produced when all of the P-K-N starter was applied in the strip-till zone. Plant populations were unaffected by the N rates and starter fertilizer applications. Additional years of testing are needed under different growing conditions before any conclusions can be made with regards to N rate recommendations and best position for placement of P-K-N starter.
Impacts
Corn grower are wanting to know if they can reduce traditional N rates when using an under-the-row banded strip-till fertilization system. High cost of nitrogen fertilizer is demanding prudent N use. Also, corn growers are wanting to know if there is any yield benefit from applying P-K-N starter fertilizers 5 x 5 cm from the seed row at planting in a strip-till tillage corn fertilization system. Depending on the outcomes of these issues corn growers may be able to reduce N rates and save significant N costs. Also, if there is little or no yield benefit from planter row banded starter they could refrain from purchasing costly planter fertilizer banding and handling equipment.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
|
|