Progress 05/15/06 to 05/14/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The ultimate goal of this research is to develop and commercialize new potato varieties to benefit the Northwest potato industry. During the past 3 years, 4 new potato varieties have been released, including Blazer Russet (2005), A93157-6LS (2006), A9045-7 (2006) and NDA5507-3Y (2006). In addition, 5 new cultivars are being prepared for release, including A95109-1, A88338-1, AO96160-3, AO93487-2R and COO86107-1R. Blazer Russet is an early- to mid-season variety notable for its high yield of oblong-long, medium-russeted tubers and resistances to sugar ends, tuber malformations and most internal and external defects. It shows good potential for both processing and fresh markets, with the processing industry viewing Blazer Russet as a replacement for Shepody, an early harvest variety widely grown in the U.S. A93157-6LS is a mid- to late-season variety notable for its high yield, high percentage of U.S. No. 1's, attractive tuber appearance, high specific gravity, excellent fry color from cold storage and resistances to sugar ends, tuber malformations and most internal and external defects. A93157-6LS is highly resistant to the accumulation of reducing sugars following long-term storage at 40-45oF. Its cold-sweetening resistance allows storage at colder temperatures, thereby prolonging tuber dormancy and quality for processing or fresh pack use. A93157-6LS should be useful in both tablestock and processing markets. It also has a high level of resistance to PVYo and good resistance to Verticillium wilt. However, it does have some susceptibility to Fusarium dry rot and PVYn. A9045-7 is a mid- to late-season variety notable for its high yield of large, uniform tubers, moderately high specific gravity and resistances to tuber malformations and most internal and external defects. It also has reasonably good resistance to Verticillium wilt and PVYo but is susceptible to PVYn. A9045-7 has been successfully grown and processed in commercial trials. Fry recovery from the field and storage has been high and it shows good potential for the processing market. NDA5507-3Y is a yellow skinned variety with light-yellow flesh and higher yield potential than Yukon Gold (its paternal parent). Total yield across all western regional sites was significantly greater than Yukon Gold and its merit for fresh pack is comparable to that of Yukon Gold. In addition, NDA5507-3Y has much greater resistance to PVY and foliar and tuber blight resistances than Yukon Gold. A95109-1 is an early maturing selection with medium to high yield and long heavily russeted tubers; a potential replacement for Russet Norkotah. A95109-1 produces a very high proportion of U.S. No. 1 tubers, which are very smooth, attractive and resistant to most internal and external defects. It also has good culinary quality and reasonably good processing quality. A95109-1 has moderate resistance to foliar early blight, common scab, and dry rot. A95109-1 is considered susceptible to PVYo, but is symptomatic in its expression of infection. A88338-1 is late maturing with medium to heavy russeted skin. U.S. No. 1 yields are substantially greater than Russet Burbank but gravity and processing quality are similar. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The fresh market industry, french fry processors and chippers have incorporated varieties developed through the Tri-State development program into their businesses. Two Tri-State releases, Ranger Russet and Alturas, are the 3rd and 7th most widely grown potato varieties in the United States. In 2002, the Tri-State variety development program released the cultivar Alturas, which produces yields similar to or greater than the mainstay cultivar Russet Burbank while using 50% less nitrogen. Production of Alturas in ID, OR, and WA jumped to over 18,000 acres in just 2 years, potentially reducing the amount of nitrogen applied to the soil by 2.7 million lbs compared with the same acreage planted to Russet Burbank. The reduced use of nitrogen may translate into less nitrate-contaminated ground water. The potential economic savings to NW growers was $1.3 million or $72 per acre. Varieties recently released by the Tri-State program are now produced on over 116,000 acres in the Pacific Northwest with value to growers estimated at approximately $325 million. This impact is expected to increase. For example, Russet Burbank accounted for 62% (217,000 A) and 38.5% (63,500 A) of the 2007 Idaho and WA potato crops, respectively. A93157-6LS, a 2006 release with low temperature sweetening resistance and excellent out-of-storage processing quality, will undoubtedly replace a significant proportion of acreage presently devoted to Russet Burbank. Replacement of only half the current Russet Burbank acreage with A93157-6LS equals approximately $393 million based on average processing contracts for Russet Burbank. However, this value is likely an underestimate because of the higher quality and proportion of U.S. No. 1's produced by A93157-6LS. A recent economic analysis of the Tri-State breeding effort revealed that every dollar invested in the program results in a $39 return (Araji and Love, 2002). As improved varieties are adopted, quality and production efficiency will improve, fertilizer and pesticide inputs will decrease, and environmental impact will be lessened. The overall impact will be to maintain or improve the competitiveness of the potato industry, assist farmers to retain their way of life, and improve the safety and quality of the work environment for all involved in potato production.
Publications
- Kumar, G.N.M., S. Iyer and N.R. Knowles. 2007. Extraction of RNA from fresh, frozen, and lyophilized tuber and root tissues. J. Agric. Food Chem 55:1674-1678. Knowles, N.R. 2007. Stages of physiological age of seed tubers. In Potato Health Management, D. Johnson ed., 2nd edition, APS Press (invited summary) ch 7 p. 48.
- Hopkins, B.G, D. A. Horneck, M. J. Pavek, B. D. Geary, N. L. Olsen, J. W. Ellsworth, G. D. Newberry, J. S. Miller, R. E. Thornton, and G. W. Harding. 2007. Potato production best management practices. (Invited Paper) Am J Potato Res. 84:19-27.
- Knowles, N.R., M.J. Pavek, L.O. Knowles, E.P. Driskill Jr., N. Fuller, Z. Holden. 2006. Crop growth and storability profiles for newly released cultivars. WSU Annual Potato Field Day, IAERC, Othello, WA, June 23. (presentation and poster by NRK).
- Knowles, N.R. 2006. Review of postharvest performance and processing quality of clones in the 2005 Tri-State and Regional Variety Evaluation Trials. Presentation given by NRK at the 45th Washington State Potato Conference and Trade Show, Feb. 7-9, Moses Lake, WA.
- Knowles, N.R., M.J. Pavek, N. Fuller and L.O. Knowles. 2006. Post harvest quality of new clones and cultivars. Washington State Potato Commission Progress Reports for the year 2005. pp. 113-134.
- Knowles, N.R., L.O. Knowles and E.P. Driskill. 2006. Effects of tuber maturity on quality of seed and processing potatoes. Washington State Potato Commission Progress Reports for the year 2005 pp. 100-112.
- Weeda S., M. Kumar, N. Knowles. 2007. Developmentally linked changes in proteases and protease inhibitors may regulate protein accumulation in potato tubers. Proceedings of the 91st Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America, Am. J. Pot. Res. 85(1): 33.
- Driskill, E.P. Jr., L.O. Knowles, and N.R. Knowles. 2008. Sweetening responses of potato tubers of different maturity to conventional and non-conventional storage temperature regimes. Postharvest Biol Tech. (in review).
- Stark, J.C., Novy, R.G., Whitworth, J.L., Love, S.L., Corsini, D.L., Pavek, J.J., Vales, I.M., James, S.R., Hane, D.C., Charlton, B.A., Brown, C.R., Knowles, N.R., Pavek, M.J., Brandt, T.L., Olsen, N. 2008. Highland Russet: A Full Season, Processing Variety with High Yields of Uniform U.S. No. 1 Tubers. Am. J. Pot. Res. (in review).
- Weeda, S.M., G.N.M. Kumar, N.R. Knowles. 2008. Changes in protease inhibitors during protein mobilization from seed-tubers. Proceedings of the 92nd Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America, Am. J. Pot. Res. (in press).
- Stark, J.C., R.G. Novy, S.L. Love, J.L. Whitworth, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, A.R. Mosley, M.J. Pavek, N.R. Knowles, R.E. Thornton, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, N. Olsen, I. Vales, and D. Hammond. 2007. Blazer Russet: An early to mid-season potato cultivar with high U.S. No. 1 Yields and good processing qualities. Am. J. Pot. Res. (in press).
- Weeda S.M., G.N.M. Kumar, N.R. Knowles. 2007. Potato Multicystatin may facilitate protein accumulation by regulating protease activity in developing potato tubers. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Horticultural Science, Scottsdale, AZ., J Am Soc Hort Sci. (abstract in press).
- Pappu, H.R., K.B. Druffel, and M.J. Pavek 2007. Incidence, Transmission and Molecular Characterization of Potato virus S from Selected Potato Cultivars in Washington State. (Abstract) The 2007 Annual Meeting of the The American Phytopathological Society (In-Press)
- Knowles, N.R. and E.S. Plissey. 2008. Maintaining tuber health during harvest storage, and post-storage handling. In Potato Health Management, D. Johnson ed., 2nd edition, APS Press (invited chapter) ch 10 pp. 79-99.
- Mosley, A.R., Yilma, S., Hane, D.C., James, S.R., Rykbost, K.A., Shock, C.C., Love, S.L., Corsini, D.L., Pavek, J.J., Thornton, R.E., Charlton, B.A., Eldredge, E.P., Novy, R.G., Pavek, M.J., Knowles, N.R., Whitworth, J.L., Brown, C.R., Stark, J.C., Vales, M.I. 2008. Willamette: A chipping cultivar with high yield and specific gravity, low incidence of hollow heart and brown center, and suitability for fresh-market usage. Am. J. Pot. Res. 85(1): 85-92.
- Novy, R.G., J.L. Whitworth, J.C. Stark, S.L. Love, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, M.I. Vales, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, C.C. Shock, B.A. Charlton, C.R. Brown, N.R. Knowles, M.J. Pavek, T.L. Brandt, and N. Olsen. 2008. Premier Russet: A dual-purpose potato cultivar with significant resistance to low temperature sweetening during long-term storage. Am. J. Pot. Res. 85(3): 198-209 (cover feature article).
- Knowles, N.R., M.J. Pavek, L.O. Knowles, and Z. Holden. 2008. Developmental profiles and postharvest behavior of long-season processing cultivars. In Proceedings of the 47th Annual Washington State Potato Conference, Feb. 5-7, Moses Lake, WA, pp. 45-66.
- Knowles,N.R., M.J. Pavek, L.O. Knowles and Z. Holden. 2008. Three-year study looks at developmental profiles and postharvest behavior. 2008. Potato Country24(4): 8-11. (edited by Brent Clement).
- Kumar, G.N.M., S. Iyer, and N.R. Knowles. 2007. Strboh A homologue of NADPH oxidase regulates wound-induced oxidative burst and facilitates wound-healing in potato tubers. Planta 227:25-36
- Driskill, E.P. Jr., L.O. Knowles, and N.R. Knowles. 2007. Temperature-induced changes in potato processing quality during storage are modulated by tuber maturity. Am. J. Pot. Res. 84:367-383 (cover feature article).
- Whitworth J.L., R.G. Novy, H. Lozoya-Saldana, S. Yilma, A.R. Mosley, and M.I. Vales. 2007. Identification of potato breeding clones conferring high levels of late blight resistance to their progeny in the Toluca Valley, Mexico. Amer. J. Potato Res. Res. 84: 313-321.
- Stark, J., W. Bohl, R. Novy, J. Whitworth, N. Olsen and T. Brandt. 2008. Cultural Management of Blazer Russet Potatoes. Univ. of Idaho CIS (in press).
- G.N.M. Kumar, S. Iyer, and N.R. Knowles. 2007. Tuber age affects the expression of genes associated with the wound response in potato. Proceedings of the 91st Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America, Am. J. Pot. Res. 85(1): 17-18.
- N.R. Knowles and L.O. Knowles. 2007. Alpha, beta unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes and ketones constitute a new class of potato sprout inhibitors. Proceedings of the 91st Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America, Am. J. Pot. Res. 85(1): 17.
- Frazier, M.J., N. Olsen, G.E. Kleinkopf, and N.R. Knowles. 2007. Potato sprout suppression potential using C9-ketone. Proceedings of the 91st Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America, Am. J. Pot. Res. 85(1): 9-10.
- Beck D., M. Thornton, P. Nolte, N. Olsen, N.R. Knowles, L. Knowles. 2007. Effect of growing season length on response to seed aging. Proceedings 91st Annual Meeting Potato Association of America, Am. J. Pot. Res. 85(1): 3.
- Knowles, N.R., M.J. Pavek, L.O. Knowles, E.P. Driskill Jr., and Z. Holden. 2007. Growth, development and postharvest behavior of newly released cultivars in the Columbia Basin. In Proceedings of the 46th Annual Washington State Potato Conference, Feb. 6-8, Moses Lake, WA, pp. 55-64.
- Brandt, T., N. Olsen, J. Stark and R. Novy. 2007. Storage management of A93157-6LS. Univ. of Idaho CIS No. 1142.
- Knowles, N.R., M.J. Pavek, L.O. Knowles, Z. Holden and E.P. Driskill, Jr. 2007. Growth and development of newly released cultivars in the Columbia Basin. Potato Progress 7(7):2-6.
- Knowles, N.R., E.P. Driskill Jr., L.O. Knowles, M.J. Pavek, and M.E. Martin. 2007. Maturation and postharvest quality of Ranger Russet tubers. Potato Grower 36 (17):23-28. (invited article)
- N.R. Knowles and M.J. Pavek. 2007. WSU potato cultivar yield and postharvest quality evaluations for 2006. Washington State University Special Report. 128 pages.
- Hamm, P., D. Hane, M. Pavek, L. Leroux, S. Gieck, N. David. 2007. Differential current season infection by potato virus Y (PVY) in potato varieties. Abstract - VI International Solanaceae Conference and 90th Annual Meeting of the Potato Assoc. of America. Am J Potato Res 84:91-92. Love, S.L., R. Novy, J. Whitworth, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, A.R. Mosley, R.E. Thornton, N.R. Knowles, S.R. James and D.C. Hane. 2006. Summit Russet: A long russet potato variety with good fresh market and frozen processing quality and resistance to internal and external tuber defect problems. Am. J. Pot. Res. 82:425-432.
- Driskill, E.P. Jr., L.O. Knowles and N.R. Knowles. 2006. Sweetening responses to storage temperature regimes in relation to tuber maturity at harvest. In Proceedings of the 45th Annual Washington State Potato Conference, Feb. 7-9, Moses Lake, WA, pp. 39-51.
- Knowles, N.R. and L.O. Knowles. 2006. Factors affecting seed age and productivity in the Columbia Basin. In Proceedings of the 45th Annual Washington State Potato Conference, Feb. 7-9, Moses Lake, WA, pp. 75-84.
- Knowles, N.R., E.P. Driskill Jr., L.O. Knowles, M.J. Pavek, and M.E. Martin. 2006. Physiological maturity of Ranger Russet tubers affects storability and processing quality. Potato Progress 6(3):1-4.
- M.J. Pavek and N.R. Knowles. 2006. WSU potato cultivar yield and postharvest quality evaluations for 2005. Washington State University Special Report. 144 pages.
- Knowles, N.R., G.N.M. Kumar and L.O. Knowles. 2006. Effects of F500 on leaf senescence, associated oxidative stress, and the greening effect in potato. In Proceedings of BASF Plant Health & Physiology Council (PHPC) Conference, Tampa, FL, March 21-23, BASF Inc.
- Knowles, N.R., L.O. Knowles, and N. Fuller. 2006. Seed handling affects crop performance and value for Columbia Basin growers. WSU Annual Potato Field Day, IAERC, Othello, WA, June 23. (presentation and poster by NRK).
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Progress 05/15/07 to 05/14/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The ultimate goal of this research is to develop & commercialize new potato varieties to benefit the NW potato industry. During the past 3 yrs, 4 new potato varieties have been released, including Blazer Russet (2005), A93157-6LS (2006), A9045-7 (2006) & NDA5507-3Y (2006). In addition, 5 new cultivars are being prepared for release, including A95109-1, A88338-1, AO96160-3, AO93487-2R & COO86107-1R. Blazer Russet is an early to mid-season variety notable for its high yield of oblong-long, medium-russeted tubers & resistances to sugar ends, tuber malformations & most internal & external defects. It shows good potential for both processing & fresh markets, with the processing industry viewing Blazer Russet as a replacement for Shepody - an early harvest variety widely grown in the U.S. A93157-6LS is a mid- to late-season variety notable for its high yield, high percentage of U.S. No. 1's, attractive tuber appearance, high specific gravity, excellent fry color from cold storage & resistances to sugar ends, tuber malformations & most internal & external defects. A93157-6LS is highly resistant to the accumulation of reducing sugars following long-term storage at 40-45oF. Its cold-sweetening resistance allows storage at colder temperatures, thereby prolonging tuber dormancy & quality for processing or fresh pack use. A93157-6LS should be useful in both tablestock & processing markets. It also has a high level of resistance to PVYo & good resistance to Verticillium wilt. However, it does have some susceptibility to Fusarium dry rot & PVYn. A9045-7 is a mid- to late-season variety notable for its high yield of large, uniform tubers, moderately high specific gravity & resistances to tuber malformations & most internal & external defects. It also has reasonably good resistance to Verticillium wilt & PVYo but is susceptible to PVYn. A9045-7 has been successfully grown & processed in commercial trials. Fry recovery from the field & storage has been high & it shows good potential for the processing market. NDA5507-3Y is a yellow skinned variety with light-yellow flesh & higher yield potential than Yukon Gold (its paternal parent). Total yield across all Western regional sites was significantly greater than Yukon Gold & its merit for fresh pack is comparable to that of Yukon Gold. In addition, NDA5507-3Y has much greater resistance to PVY & foliar & tuber blight resistances than Yukon Gold. A95109-1 is an early maturing selection with medium to high yield & long heavily russeted tubers; a potential replacement for Russet Norkotah. A95109-1 produces a very high proportion of U.S. No. 1 tubers, which are very smooth, attractive & resistant to most internal & external defects. A95109-1 has moderate resistance to foliar early blight, common scab, & dry rot. A95109-1 is considered susceptible to PVYo, but is symptomatic in its expression of infection. A88338-1 is late maturing with medium to heavy russeted skin. U.S. No. 1 yields are substantially greater than Russet Burbank but specific gravity & processing quality are similar. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Including those proposed for 2008, a total of 32 varieties have been released by the Tri-State program (see list below). Each variety has or does fill a specific niche in the potato industry where they have reduced or overcome production, storage, processing or marketing problems. Pacific Northwest Potato Development Program varieties are now produced on over 137,800 acres (2008) in the Pacific Northwest with value to growers estimated in excess of $325 million. Four Tri-State releases, Ranger Russet, Umatilla Russet, Alturas, and Western Russet, were the 3rd, 7th, 8th, and 10th most widely grown potato varieties in the United States in 2007, respectively. From 2006 to 2007, Tri-State varieties increased from 15% to 18% of production acreage (123,195 to 152,586 Acres) across the eight states that dominate U.S. fall production (=89% of fall production). This acreage increased further to 20% (157,540) in 2008. It is predicted that this impact will continue to increase as commercial seed supplies of the new varieties become available. For example, Russet Burbank accounted for 62% (217,000 A) and 38.5% (63,500 A) of the 2007 Idaho and WA potato crops, respectively. Premier Russet, a 2006 release with low temperature sweetening resistance and excellent out-of-storage processing quality, will undoubtedly replace a significant proportion of acreage presently devoted to Russet Burbank. Replacement of only half the current Russet Burbank acreage with Premier equals approximately $393 million based on average processing contracts for Russet Burbank. However, this value is likely an underestimate because of the higher quality and proportion of U.S. No. 1¿s produced by Premier Russet. Premier Russet has been of interest to all of the major potato processing companies. This interest is most evident in the rapid expansion of acreage of Premier Russet since its release in 2006. In 2007, approximately 880 acres of this variety was grown nationally (National Agricultural Statistics Service), with 629 acres of seed being grown in ID, ME, MT, MN, NE, and OR. Seed acreage of this magnitude indicates commercial acreages will continue to expand. Indeed, there were 8,665 acres of Premier planted in 2008.
Chippers:
GemChip (1989): BR7093-24;
Ivory Crisp (2002): NDO1496-1;
Willamette (2003): AO91812-1.
Russets (Primarily dual purpose for both fry and fresh pack):
Frontier Russet (1990): A74114-4;
Russet Legend (1998): COO83008-1;
Bannock Russet (1999): A81473-2;
Gem Russet (2000): A8495-1;
Wallowa Russet (2002): AO87277-6;
Summit Russet (2003): A84118-3;
Western Russet (2004): A7961-1;
GemStar Russet (2004): A9014-2;
Premier Russet (2006): A93157-6LS.
A88338-1 (2007): Hutterite Interest;
Teton Russet (Proposed for release in 2008): A95109-1;
TriStar Russet (Proposed for release in 2008): AOA95154-1;
AO96160-3 (Proposed for release in 2008).
Russets (Primarily processing for fries/processed potato products):
Ranger Russet (1991): A7411-2;
Umatilla Russet (1998): AO82611-7;
Blazer Russet (2005): A8893-1;
Highland Russet (2006): A9045-7.
Classic Russet (Proposed for release in 2008): A9305-10.
Publications
- Driskill, E., L.Knowles, & N.R.Knowles. 2007. Temperature-induced changes in potato processing quality during storage are modulated by tuber maturity. American Journal of Potato Research: An Official Publication of the Potato Association of America. 84:367-383 (journal cover feature article).
- Kumar, M.G., S.P.Iyer, & N.R.Knowles. 2007. Strboh A homologue of NADPH oxidase regulates wound-induced oxidative burst & facilitates wound-healing in potato tubers. Planta. 227(1):25-36.
- Knowles, N.R., & E.S.Plissey. 2008. Maintaining tuber health during harvest, storage, & post-storage handling. In Potato Health Management, D. Johnson ed. 2nd ed. APS Press. 79-99 (ch 10, invited).
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Progress 05/15/06 to 05/14/07
Outputs
The goal of this research is to develop and commercialize new potato varieties to benefit the Northwest potato industry. During the past 3 years, 4 new potato varieties have been released - Western Russet, GemStar Russet, Defender and Blazer Russet. In addition, 3 new cultivars are being prepared for release - Premier Russet, Highland Russet and Yukon Gem. Western Russet is the result of an Aberdeen USDA/ARS cross and produces high yields of long, russeted tubers that have excellent quality for both the fresh market and processing uses. GemStar Russet resulted from an Aberdeen USDA/ARS cross and is a medium maturing variety with outstanding yield potential, excellent tuber appearance, and resistance to cold sweetening, giving it potential for both fresh market and processing uses. Defender, an Aberdeen USDA/ARS cross, is the first product of breeding efforts in the Northwest to develop late blight resistant varieties with processing quality, and is the first potato
released in the U.S. that combines French fry processing quality with a high level of resistance to late blight. It has been tested under heavy disease pressure and shows potential to provide a four to five-fold reduction in fungicide application. Blazer Russet is an early to mid-season variety notable for its high yield of oblong-long, medium-russeted tubers and resistances to sugar ends, tuber malformations and most internal and external defects. It shows good potential for both processing and fresh markets, with the processing industry viewing Blazer Russet as a replacement for Shepody, an early harvest variety widely grown in the U.S. Premier Russet is a mid- to late-season variety notable for its high yield, high percentage of U.S. No. 1's, attractive tuber appearance, high specific gravity, excellent fry color from cold storage and resistances to sugar ends, tuber malformations and most internal and external defects. Premier Russet is highly resistant to the accumulation of
reducing sugars following long-term storage at 40-45 degrees F. This characteristic allows storage at colder temperatures, thereby prolonging tuber dormancy and quality for processing or fresh pack use. Premier Russet should be useful in both table stock and processing markets. It also has a high level of resistance to PVY and good resistance to Verticillium wilt. Highland Russet is a mid- to late-season variety notable for its high yield of large, uniform tubers, moderately high specific gravity and resistances to tuber malformations and most internal and external defects. It also has reasonably good resistance to Verticillium wilt and PVY. Highland Russet has been successfully grown and processed in commercial trials. Fry recovery from the field and storage has been high and it shows good potential for the processing market. Yukon Gem is an advanced selection with light-yellow flesh and higher yield potential than Yukon Gold (its paternal parent). Total yield across all Western
regional sites was 36, 82, and 118 cwt greater than Yukon Gold in 2002, 2003, and 2004, respectively. Merit for fresh pack was comparable to Yukon Gold in all 3 years.
Impacts
The fresh market industry, French fry processors and chippers have incorporated varieties developed through the Tri-State (WA, OR, ID) variety development program into their businesses. Two Tri-State releases, Ranger Russet and Alturas, are the 3rd and 7th most widely grown potato varieties in the United States. In 2002, the Tri-State variety development program released the cultivar 'Alturas', which produces yields similar to or greater than the mainstay cultivar 'Russet Burbank' while using 50% less nitrogen. Production of Alturas in ID, OR, and WA jumped to over 18,000 acres in just 2 years, potentially reducing the amount of nitrogen applied to the soil by 2.7 million lbs compared with the same acreage planted to Russet Burbank. The reduced use of nitrogen may translate into less nitrate-contaminated ground water. The potential economic savings to NW growers was $1.3 million or $72 per acre. Varieties recently released by the Tri-State program are now produced on
over 110,000 acres with value to growers estimated at approximately $150 million. This impact is expected to increase. A recent economic analysis of the program revealed that every dollar invested in the program results in a $39 return (Araji and Love, 2002). As improved varieties are adopted, quality and production efficiency will improve, fertilizer and pesticide inputs will decrease, and environmental impact will be lessened. The overall impact will be to maintain or improve the competitiveness of the Northwest potato industry.
Publications
- Knowles, N.R., and L. Knowles. 2006. Manipulating stem number, tuber set, and yield relationships for northern- and southern-grown potato seed lots. Crop Science. 46:284-296.
- Grunenfelder, L., L. Knowles, L.K. Hiller, and N.R. Knowles. 2006. Glycoalkaloid development during greening of fresh market potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54:5847-5854.
- Grunenfelder, L., L.K. Hiller, and N.R. Knowles. 2006. Color indices for the assessment of chlorophyll development and greening of fresh market potatoes. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 40:73-81.
- Love, S.L., R. Novy, J. Whitworth, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, A.R. Mosley, R.K. Thornton, N.R. Knowles, S.R. James, and D.C. Hane. 2006. Summit Russet: A long russet potato variety with good fresh market and frozen processing quality and resistance to internal and external tuber defect. American Journal of Potato Research: An Official Publication of the Potato Association of America. 82:425-432.
- Novy, R., S.L. Love, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, J. Whitworth, A.R. Mosley, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, C.C. Shock, K.A. Rykbost, C.R. Brown, R.K. Thornton, N.R. Knowles, M.J. Pavek, N. Olsen, and D.A. Inglis. 2006. Defender: A high-yielding, processing potato cultivar with foliar and tuber resistance to late blight. American Journal of Potato Research: An Official Publication of the Potato Association of America. 83:9-19.
- Love, S.L., R. Novy, J. Whitworth, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, A.R. Mosley, M.J. Pavek, N.R. Knowles, C.R. Brown, S.R. James, and D.C. Hane. 2006. GemStar Russet: A new russet potato variety with high yield, good culinary quality, excellent fresh market appearance, and resistance to common scab. American Journal of Potato Research: An Official Publication of the Potato Association of America. 83:171-180.
- Love, S.L., R. Novy, J. Whitworth, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, A.R. Mosley, M.J. Pavek, N.R. Knowles, C.R. Brown, S.R. James, and D.C. Hane. 2006. Western Russet: A new potato variety with excellent fresh market and frozen-fried processing quality and field resistance to common scab and PVY. American Journal of Potato Research: An Official Publication of the Potato Association of America. 83:161-169.
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