Progress 04/01/06 to 03/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Ag:Range Livestock Nutrition (2008, 2009) 2 wrkshps-range cattle reproduction/nutrition 23, 33 attended. Cattle Eye & Vaccine Demo/Practice (2009),10 participants. Cattle/Range Extension Planning Mtg (2009)16 participants:With Cattle Assoc board, tribal agencies,UA faculty; conducted appreciative inquiry for planning.Organic Wheat &Farming Wkshp (2009): Wht Mtn Apache Res,prod/mrktg of organic wheat crops,20 participants. NAIS Mtg, animal I.D.(2008),21 participants. Rez 2 Rail Wrkshp (2008):beef prod/mktg/processing,51 SanCarlos, Navajo,Hopi attendees.2 Heifer Devel Wrkshps (2008) 16, 27 participants: heifer care, grant writing,with $1010 WSARE grant.V Bar V Range Research Ranch/R100 Tribal Ranch Mini-Internships(2006, 2007) 2 3-day field courses:cattle prod/range mgmt (3, 3; 16, 27 attend) with $2525 WSARE grant.Cattle Assocs Computer System (2007):got consultant to design record system for SC Cattle Assocs, with $15,000 grant from Center for Risk Mgmt; 2 Drought Mgmt 4 Range Cattle(2006) 38,15 attendees. Agric Operations Tour (2006) Tribal Farms/R100 Tribal Ranch 4 First Nations Ag Council of Saskatchewan, 14 participants. 21,15attended 2 Alternative Beef Cattle Mrktg Wrkshps (2006).Total Attendance 2006-2009:374. 4-H Jr Master Gardener (JMG) (2007-09):6, 7 volunteer HS students did internship teaching six 4th grade/four 1st grade classes (2008),six 1st grade classes (2009).10 sessions in 2008,1096 JMG contacts (200 indiv). 2009,135students/7 interns earned Golden Ray certif by national JMG.Boys & Girls Club (2009):40-80 youth had 10 nutr/gardening, fitness, public speaking sessions.Mount Turnbull Academy:5 sessions of 8 nutr/gardening classes for 19 HS students. In 2009,1818 contacts (225 indiv) participated in schl/summer JMG activities. You Are What Youth Eat Community Activity (2009):109 youth participated in nutr, phys fitness exercise, underage drinking avoidance, consumed a healthy meal.Instr specialist organized/taught JMG classes, with $8802 Federal SNAP-Ed grant:2008-09.High School Ag (HSA) Vet Sci Short Course (2008) 8 participants, career exploration.HSA Equine Sci Short Course (2008),19 participants, hands-on demos.2 Bylas Community Club Mtgs.(2008)35, 20 participants: gardening,nutr,fitness,small rodent control. Appreciative Inquiry planning:3 Gila Co 4-H faculty/1staff.GPS/GIS class course (2007):6-8 students had 4 hrs GIS/GPS mapping.Nature Day Camp,Boys & Girls Club(2007)3hrs:water flow models,landscape planting,composting,fire prevention,28attended.Livestock Quality Assurance Wrshp (2006)13 attend.4-H Club program (2006):21meetings: archery,arts&crafts,steer,horse,gardening. Taught GPS/GIS mapping to 25 youth, Natural Resources Practicum Camp (2006), with UA 4-H grant. Taught GPS/GIS (2006) 16hrs to 8 HS students with $16250 USDA/ESRI software grant.Character Educ Wrkshp for 7 St.Charles elem school faculty, with $1500 Qwest grant. Total Attendance 2006-2009: 3553. Other Ext Prgrms:With $5000 USDA West Region IPM grant,provided Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever (RMSF) health bulletins/tick prevention dog collars for SC Apache/Wht Mtn Apache Reservations.Distributed bulletins/collars at 2 spay-neuter clinics, many households. PARTICIPANTS: 2009 The extension agent held a planning meeting SC Cattle Association Board members/tribal agency personnel/UA faculty, an in depth appreciative inquiry. We partner with professionals from schools/tribal agencies to deliver 4-H youth programs, expanding our existing programs with SC High and Primary Schools, and Diabetes Prevention, to include Boys and Girls Club, the Wellness Center, the Fitness Center, and Mount Turnbull Academy. 2008 The held one planning meeting with San Carlos Cattle Association Board members/ stockmen to approve a record keeping system internship. We partnered with professionals from schools/tribal agencies to deliver 4-H youth programs, expanding our existing programs with San Carlos High School and Diabetes Prevention. We worked with the SC High agriculture teacher at the school, helping a new teacher and an evolving curriculum. The agent chaired planning meetings with Graham County Extension/County supervisor, Bylas Indian Health Service, SC Diabetes Prevention, SC Health Education. We began work with SC Elementary, Intermediate, High Schools in the JMG nutrition/gardening program, collaborating with school administrators and teachers to plan and implement the Spring 2008 semester teaching course and 2008 Fall Intern Training. 2007 The extension agent held 1 planning meeting with the Educational Campaign Advisory Committee, 11 attended, including SC Cattle Association Board members/stockmen. In 2007, the agent/2 BIA/1 NRCS professionals conducted an appreciative inquiry, where participants view positive things contributing to programs in the past that may promote future positive changes. Tribal Farm Board, the Tribal Chairman, and the SC Natural Resources Interdisciplinary Team (IDT) requested more knowledge of the ethanol research project San Carlos Tribal Farms. TARGET AUDIENCES: Cattle Association Board Members, Office, and Ranch Staff; SC Natural Resources Interdisciplinary Team; SC High School administrators, students, teachers and teachers' aides; SC Primary School administrators, students, teachers and teachers' aides; High School Agriculture Committee; Boys and Girls Club staff and members; Mount Turnbull Academy administrators, students, and teachers; SC Cattle Association Board Members, Office and Ranch Staff; SC Tribal Farm Board Members, Farm Manager, and Farm Staff; SC Tribal community; White Mountain Apache Tribal Farms and Community. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Due to increased paperwork requirements from the state 4-H Office and tribal sovereignty issues with the San Carlos Apache Tribe and the UA volunteer criminal background check policy, we changed from a 4-H club based youth development program to a program collaborating with schools, tribal agencies, and their professionals.
Impacts
Evaluations from Range Livestock Nutrition Workshop indicated increase of awareness/knowledge of cattle nutrition, intent to apply knowledge to their operations. Organic Wheat Workshop and Cattle Eye and Vaccination Workshops increased knowledge/awareness of farming mgmt, cattle health topics. R100 Ranch had successful bull sale, improved financial viability, reputation as breeders of purebred Hereford cattle. R100 manager stated they followed UA extension restocking plan since 2004, transitioning to a viable ranching operation. 4-H Youth Program: formed 3 new links with community organizations, formed 4 community/1 national links to fund of Healthy Lifestyle activities. 10 students at Mount Turnbull Academy earned .25 credit in horticulture, completing JMG course. Evaluations indicated increase in knowledge/skills in gardening/nutrition: soils, growing plants, healthy diets, fruits/vitamins, making smoothies. 7 high school interns learned to teach gardening/nutrition classes, acquired planning/leadership life skills. On evaluations, 2 interns stated they planned to be teachers, from JMG teaching experience; 1 stated it will help him in career goals. 135 first grade students certified by JMG national program: skills help youth choose healthy foods/begin to grow their own foods, to decrease diabetes. RMSF committees distributed 487 dog tick collars on SanCarlos/White Mountain Apache reservations/5000 health bulletins at SC reservation. State funds for collars/publications cut in 2009; extension provided supplies to promote awareness of RMSF to prevent spread from dogs to humans. 2008: Educational Campaign Committee had 2 workshops on cattle management, increased knowledge in ranch management. High school agriculture teacher, 17 youth learned Veterinarian/Equine Science skills; special needs teacher/3 aides/208 students learned gardening/nutrition skills; 6 interns implemented JMG curriculum: one stated on evaluation she planned to become a teacher from the experience. 7 interns learned to teach JMG curriculum. Instructional Specialist learned to coordinate JMG program. 21st Century Director, Assistant/youth learned gardening/nutrition skills. 2007: Educational Campaign Committee had 3 workshops on cattle management, increased ranch management knowledge, heifer development, grant writing. 5 SC Cattle Associations employed premise i.d. locations on ranches, after 3 years of extension/tribal agencies planning, to better market cattle, be prepared for mandatory animal i.d. High school agriculture teacher learned GIS/GPS; special needs teacher/2 aides learned gardening/nutrition skills; SC Diabetes Prevention nutritionist learned to implement JMG curriculum. 2006: V bar V Ranch Mini-internship participants gained knowledge/awareness of cattle/range management. Canadian indigenous peoples gained understanding of UA Extension system, voting to adopt it for First Nations Agriculture Council of Saskatchewan, after visits to UA Udall Center; tours of San Carlos Apache, Navajo Reservations; SC agent's presentation at Canadian conference. 3 students at Natural Resources Practicum now study GIS/GPS in college, after learning it at camp.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 04/01/08 to 03/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: San Carlos Agriculture, Livestock Production, Range Management: Range Livestock Nutrition -- 23 participants, focused on augmenting the breeding efficiency of the range cow. National Animal Identification Security Workshop -- 21 participants, organized by San Carlos Planning Department encompassed updates on the NAIS system, Animal Identification affects beef market, and review of San Carlos rangeland. Rez to Rail -- 51 participants, was a statewide workshop for tribal producers that showed reservation cattle raised and sent to the University of Arizona Meats Lab for analysis, as well as the history and current activities of the San Carlos Cattle Associations and cattle production improvements for tribal operations. Record Keeping Workshop -- 3 participants, showed how to implement a budget for a funded Natural Resource Conservation Service fencing project using uncomplicated techniques. San Carlos 4-H Youth Development: Nutrition Intern Training Sessions: Six interns recruited from the previous school year (07/08) completed an extensive internship teaching 11 elementary classes from January - May. The instructional specialist recruited seven high school seniors and conducted 5 two-hour training sessions employing a Junior Master Gardener (JMG) nutrition curriculum, including nutrition principles, gardening, construction and planting of a raised bed garden. The extension agent assisted and conducted two of the training sessions. Interns taught 8 one-hour sessions to a Special Needs class of 5-7 people and two teacher aides. High School Agriculture: Vet Science Short Course -- 8 participants, the agent implemented a career exploration and veterinarian science credit course to an agricultural class covering care, prevention, and treatment of illnesses in horses, cattle, poultry, dogs and cats after a year of planning with the high school agriculture committee. Included was a trip to the local veterinarian clinic. Students were eligible to receive 1 quarter credit. Equine Science Short Course -- 8 participants, the agent provided classroom and hands-on demonstrations in nutrition, body score conditioning, grooming, training, riding, and rodeo horse selection. Bylas Community Club - 1st meeting, 35 participants, taught on gardening, nutrition, health, and small rodent control to Bylas community members; 2nd meeting, 20 participants, promoted healthy exercises in nutrition, health and gardening. PARTICIPANTS: The extension agent held one planning meeting San Carlos Cattle Association Board members and stockmen to approve a record keeping system internship. We are in transition from a subject matter oriented club 4-H program led by volunteers, to partnering with professionals from schools and tribal agencies to deliver 4-H youth programs, expanding our existing programs with San Carlos High School and Diabetes Prevention. We continue to work more extensively with the SC High agriculture teacher at the school, although that program is also in transition this year, with a new teacher and an evolving curriculum. Additionally, we implemented two of the four 4-H Community Club meetings in Bylas. The agent chaired the planning meetings with input from Graham County Extension, a Graham County supervisor, Bylas Indian Health Service, SC Diabetes Prevention, and SC Health Education. We continued outreach to SC Elementary, Intermediate and High Schools in the JMG nutrition and gardening program, collaborating with school administrators and teachers to plan and implement the Spring 2008 semester teaching course and 2008 Fall Intern Training. TARGET AUDIENCES: San Carlos Cattle Association Board Members, Office and Ranch Staff; San Carlos Natural Resources Interdisciplinary Team; San Carlos High School administrators, students, and teachers and teachers' aides; San Carlos Primary administrators, students, and teachers and teachers' aides; Intermediate Elementary Administrators, teachers and students; San Carlos High School Agriculture Committee PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: We are transitioning to working with schools and tribal agencies in our gardening and nutrition program, high school agricultural projects and Bylas community club. We are still trying to find the appropriate delivery model for our 4-H youth programs with regards to collaborating with tribal community members and staff. Additionally, in the past 6 years, the increased amount of 4-H written paperwork that the state office requires for liability and risk management, has become cumbersome to implement in communities with people who are already very extended timewise, and who generally communicate and learn using symbols, images, and oral tradition. There is also an issue of tribal sovereignty and community sensitivity to invasive state requirements for implementing criminal background checks for all extension volunteers. Because of the two ongoing issues described above, we continue to reorient our youth programs more toward collaboration with tribal agencies and schools this year, to draw upon their organizational strengths.
Impacts
The Educational Campaign Committee implemented 2 workshops on cattle management and increasing knowledge in ranch management. The high school agriculture teacher learned Veterinarian and Equine Science in the spring semester; the special needs teacher and 3 aides learned about gardening and nutrition; the six interns from the 2007/08 school year learned how to teach the JMG curriculum. The seven interns from the 2008/09 learned how to teach the JMG curriculum. The instructional specialist learned how to coordinate a JMG program. The 21st Century After-school director and assistant learned about gardening and nutrition.
Publications
- Adolf, M., Tuttle, S. 2008. Research in Indian Country. University of AZ-CALS AZ1460.
- Masters, L., Tuttle, S. 2008. Process of Conducting Research on the Colorado River Indian Tribes (C.R.I.T.) Reservation, Arizona. University of AZ-CALS AZ1463.
- Masters, L., Tuttle, S., 2008. The Colorado River Indian Tribes (C.R.I.T.) Reservation and Extension Programs. University of AZ-CALS AZ1461. Masters, L., Tuttle, S. 2008. The Colorado River Indian Tribes (C.R.I.T.) Quick Facts. UA-CALS AZ1462.
- Tuttle, S., Livingston, M. 2008. Process of Conducting Research on the Hopi Reservation, Arizona. University of AZ-CALS AZ1466.
- Tuttle, S., Livingston, M. 2008. The Hopi Reservation and Extension Programs. University of AZ-CALS AZ 1464.
- Tuttle, S., Livingston, M. 2008. The Hopi Reservation Quick Facts. University of AZ-CALS AZ1465.
- Tuttle, S., Teufel-Shone, N., Crowley, T.H. 2008. Process of Conducting Research on the Hualapai Reservation, Arizona. University of AZ-CALS AZ1469.
- Tuttle, S., Long, J., Crowley, T.H. 2008. The Hualapai Reservation and Extension Programs. University of AZ-CALS AZ 1467.
- Tuttle, S., Crowley, T.H., Long, J. 2008. The Hualapai Reservation Quick Facts. University of AZ-CALS AZ 1468.
- Tuttle, S., Moore, G.R., Benally, J. 2008. Process of Conducting Research on the Navajo Nation. University of AZ-CALS AZ 1472.
- Moore, G.R, Benally, J., Tuttle, S. 2008. The Navajo Nation and Extension Programs. University of AZ-CALS AZ 1470.
- Moore, G.R, Benally, J., Tuttle, S. 2008. Then Navajo Nation Quick Facts. University of AZ-CALS AZ 1471.
- Tuttle, S., Masters, L. 2008. Process of Conducting Research Projects on the San Carlos Apache Reservation, Arizona. University of AZ-CALS AZ1475.
- Tuttle, S., Masters, L. 2008. The San Carlos Apache Reservation and Extension Programs. University of AZ-CALS AZ 1473.
- Tuttle, S., Masters, L. 2008. The San Carlos Apache Reservation Quick Facts. University of AZ-CALS AZ1474.
- Tuttle,S.L., Moore,G.R., Livingston, M.R., Masters, L.S., Long, J.W., Benally, J.Y., Adlof, M., Hiller, J.G., 2008. Distinctive characteristics of FRTEP extension programs on five Indian Reservation in Arizona and New Mexico. 2008. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference, Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education, Earth University, Costa Rica.
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Progress 04/01/07 to 03/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: San Carlos Agriculture, Livestock Production, Range Management: R100 Ranch Mini-Internship--32 participants on day 1, and 24 participants on day 2 learned about beef cattle management: recordkeeping, nutrition, genetics, breeding, calf management, bull selection, and range management. 2 Heifer Development Workshops and Meetings: The first workshop, with 27 attending, focused on the technical aspects of feeding out and developing heifers, with round table discussion; animal identification was also covered. The second workshop/ discussion session, with 16 attendees, concentrated on the applying for the Western SARE professional/producer grant, as seed money to start the project. These meetings were supported by a WSARE grant of $1010. The 3rd meeting, with Cattle Association All-Board members/stockmen, covered grant questions. The agent sent a grant draft to one BIA staff and 4 Cattle Board members for comment. She submitted the grant, for $29,990, to WSARE in December 2007. 2
Cattle Office staff meetings: Focused on structuring the data for computer recordkeeping program for cattle sales/membership records, with 5 attendees; the next meeting, centered on how to enter data and how it could link with budget information, had 3 attending. The secretary began to enter data into the system. San Carlos 4-H Youth Development: GPS/GIS class course: 6-8 students attended 4 hours of classes on GIS/GPS mapping, class presentation preparation and a class presentation. 5 Nutrition Intern training sessions: The agent, nutritionist, and secretary conducted 5 three hour training sessions employing a Junior Master Gardener (JMG) nutrition curriculum, including nutrition principles, gardening, construction and planting of a raised bed garden. The interns taught 3 three hour sessions to a Special Needs class of 5-7 people, using the JMG curriculum, Nature Day Camp: A 3 hour session on water flow models, landscape planting, composting, and fire prevention, with 28 attending at
Boys and Girls Club in San Carlos. High School Agriculture: the UA controlled environment consultant gave recommendations on repairing elements of the greenhouse.
PARTICIPANTS: The extension agent held one planning meeting with the Educational Campaign Advisory Committee, 11 attended, including SC Cattle Association Board members and stockmen. In 2007, the agent and 2 BIA and 1 NRCS professionals conducted an appreciative inquiry, where participants look at the positive things that have contributed to programs in the past that may contribute to future positive changes. The Tribal Farm Board, the Tribal Chairman, and the SC Natural Resources Interdisciplinary Team (IDT) requested more in-depth knowledge of the ethanol research project planned for San Carlos Tribal Farms. We are in transition from a subject matter oriented club 4-H program led by volunteers, to partnering with professionals from schools and tribal agencies to deliver 4-H youth programs, expanding our existing programs with San Carlos High School, Diabetes Prevention, and the Boys and Girls Clubs. We began to work more extensively with the SC High agriculture teacher and the FFA
program at the school, although that program is also in transition this year, with a new teacher and an evolving curriculum. Additionally, we have also begun planning for a 4-H Community Club in Bylas, an area we have not been able to reach well with the individual club program. The agent chaired these meetings with input from Graham County Extension, a Graham County supervisor, Bylas Indian Health Service, SC Diabetes Prevention, and SC Health Education. We began outreach to SC Elementary and SC Intermediate Schools in the JMG nutrition and gardening program, collaborating with school administrators to plan the Spring 2008 semester teaching course.
TARGET AUDIENCES: Audiences We Reach: Cattle Association Board Members, Office and Ranch Staff; Tribal Farm Board Members, Farm Manager, and Farm Staff; SC Natural Resources Interdisciplinary Team; San Carlos High School administrators, students, and teachers; San Carlos Primary and Intermediate Elementary Administrators, teachers and students; Boys and Girls Club leaders and youth
PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Due to drastic decrease in 4-H members and volunteers in 2006, in 2007, the extension agent conducted an appreciative inquiry with her secretary and also with 4-H agent Lani Hall and County Director Jim Sprinkle. The inquiry found that in the past, although there has been sporadic attendance in 4-H programs for almost 50 years, that San Carlos Apache leaders historically have been enthusiastic about teaching youth, but many have a lack of time due to many extended family and community obligations. Additionally, in the past 5 years, the increased amount of 4-H written paperwork that the state office requires for liability and risk management, has become cumbersome to implement in communities with people who are already very extended timewise, and who generally communicate and learn using symbols, images, and oral tradition. There is also an issue of tribal sovereignty and community sensitivity to invasive state requirements for implementing criminal background
checks for all extension volunteers. Because of the two issues described above, we have reoriented our youth programs more toward collaboration with tribal agencies and schools this year, to draw upon their organizational strengths.
Impacts
The Educational Campaign Committee implemented 3 workshops on cattle management in 2007, increasing knowledge in ranch management, heifer development, and grant writing. The 5 San Carlos Cattle Associations implemented premise identification locations for their ranches, after 3 years of planning, preparation, and workshops on animal identification/emergency livestock plans. They will be able to market their cattle more easily and to be better prepared when animal i.d. becomes mandatory. The high school agriculture teacher learned GIS/GPS technology in the spring semester; the special needs teacher and 2 aides learned about gardening and nutrition; the SC Diabetes Prevention nutritionist learned how to implement a JMG nutrition/gardening curriculum, and the interns learned how to teach the JMG curriculum.
Publications
- Tuttle, S.L., Lindner, J.R., and Dooley, K.E. (2007) Delivery Methods Matrices for Selected Villagers in Dr. Arroyo, Northeastern Mexico Journal of International Association for Agricultural Education, 13(4).
- J. Sprinkle, M. Holder, C. Erickson, A. Medina, D. Robinett, G. Ruyle, J. Maynard, S. Tuttle, J. Hays, Jr., W. Meyer, S. Stratton, A. Rogstad, K. Eldredge, J. Harris, L. Howery, W. Sprinkle. (2007). Dutchwoman Butte Revisited: Examining Paradigms for Livestock Grazing Exclusion Rangelands 29 (6): 21-34, December 2007.
- Tuttle, S.L. and Helmandollar-Powell, (2007). San Carlos Apache Reservation high school GIS Project, Natural Resources. Proceedings of the ESRI Educational User Conference, June 16-19, San Diego, California.
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Progress 04/01/06 to 03/31/07
Outputs
San Carlos Agriculture, Livestock Production, Range Management. V bar V Ranch Mini-Internship- 3 participants attended a 3 day spring workshop; 2 participants attended a 2 day fall internship. This was an intensive short course on cattle management, supported by a WSARE grant of $2525. Two Drought Management Workshops, #1 had 38 attendees, #2 had 15 attendees. Topics included climate change, range management, and round table discussions of solutions/problems. Alternative Beef Cattle Marketing Workshops, #1 had 21 attendees, #2 had 15 attendees, including topics on organic, natural and certified Hereford beef marketing, with round table discussion. Specialist and agent tested 21 Hereford bulls for breeding soundness at R100 Tribal ranch. Agent and specialist had 2 planning/consulting meetings with tribal Cattle Associations to design a computer program for office records/cattle sales. 14 Visitors from First Nations Agriculture Council of Saskatchewan toured Tribal
Farms hay operation and R100 Tribal Ranch. Tribal Farm Board approved a 20 acre sweet sorghum ethanol project for 2007. San Carlos 4-H Youth Development. Livestock Quality Assurance Workshop had 13 attendees. Club program had 21 meetings for archery, arts & crafts, steer, horse, and gardening projects. Agent and instructional specialist taught GPS/GIS workshop for 25 youth at Natural Resources Practicum Camp, with support from a $500 UA 4-H grant. Agent and instructional specialist taught a GPS/GIS 16 hour course to 8 students at San Carlos High. Agent and visiting agent instructed a Character Education workshop for 7 St. Charles elementary school faculty. Agent and visiting agent conducted an appreciative inquiry planning session for 3 Gila County 4-H faculty and 1 staff.
Impacts
Participants in the V bar V Ranch Mini-internship gained knowledge/awareness of beef cattle management. R100 Tribal Ranch culled 1 bull, which will improve herd calf crop percentage. Canadian indigenous peoples gained greater understanding of the UA Extension system, and voted to adopt this system for the First Nations Agriculture Council of Saskatchewan, after several visits to University of Arizona through the Udall Center. They invited the agent to speak about Arizona Indian Country Extension at their annual Indigenous Development Conference. 3 attendees who returned as counselors at the Natural Resources Practicum are now studying GIS/GPS in college.
Publications
- Tuttle, S.L. Lindner, J.R., and Dooley, K..E. (2006). Historical and Current Extension Programming in Dr. Arroyo, Northeastern Mexico. Proceedings of the conference for International Extension Education, Clearwater, Florida, May 14-18, 2006.
- Tuttle, S.L. (2006). Managing cattle during drought. Gila County Extension, San Carlos. J. Sprinkle, M. Holder, C. Ericson. A. Medina, D. Robinett, G. Ruyle, J. Maynard, S.
- Tuttle, J. Hays, Jr., W. Meyer, S. Stratton, A. Rogstad, K. Eldredge, J. Harris, L. Howery, W. Sprinkle. (2006). Dutchwoman Butte Revisited: Examining Paradigms for Rangeland Exclusion. Proceedings, Western Section American Society of Animal Science, 57: 169-172.
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