Source: CLEMSON UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
BEST MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR TURFGRASSES IN SC
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0206434
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jul 1, 2006
Project End Date
Jun 30, 2012
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
CLEMSON UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
CLEMSON,SC 29634
Performing Department
School of Agricultural, Forest, & Environmental Sciences
Non Technical Summary
Determine BMPs for growing desirable turfgrasses with minimum inputs. Reduce inputs (e.g., fertilizer, pesticides, water, labor, petroleum fuels, etc.), yet, provide commercially desirable turfgrasses situations and stands to help keep SC as a primary golf destination.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
40%
Applied
50%
Developmental
10%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2052130106050%
2132130114050%
Knowledge Area
205 - Plant Management Systems; 213 - Weeds Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
2130 - Turf;

Field Of Science
1060 - Biology (whole systems); 1140 - Weed science;
Goals / Objectives
The long-term goal of this and additional research is to continue investigating and developing best management practices for growing turfgrasses in the hot, humid Southeastern USA. Proposed steps on achieving this include: a. Continue to investigate the potential benefits of management practices for sustaining desirable bentgrass. b. Continue investigating BMPs for growing bermudagrass in SC. c. Evaluate new weed control products and techniques for possible use in SC turfgrass industry. d. Evaluate plant growth regulators (inhibitors and promoters) for enhancing turfgrass growth and development and possibly inhibit certain weeds and minimize mowing maintenance costs.
Project Methods
Continue to investigate the potential benefits of management practices for sustaining desirable bentgrass. Much progress has been made in the past five years on this objective. Researchers at Clemson were the first to identify and quantify the lethal levels of soil CO2 levels and corresponding limiting O2 that could sustain desirable bentgrass golf greens. Continue investigating BMPs for growing bermudagrass in SC. With the recent influx of numerous bermudagrass cultivars, little research-based information is available on managing their unique characteristics such as grain prevention, thatch-mat prevention/reduction, enhanced rooting, plant growth regulator use, and stress physiology. With the introduction of high density bermudagrass cultivars within the past five years, turf managers have struggled with maintaining desirable turf cover without enhancing undesirable thatch/mat layering, reducing rooting depth, and recovery from winter. We currently have funded projects for evaluating painting versus traditional overseeding to provide winter color, long-term effects of using PGRs on ultradwarf bermudagrass, and thatch/mat control/management in high shoot density cultivars. Evaluate new weed control products and techniques for possible use in SC turfgrass industry. As new products emerge for possible weed management, we continue to evaluate their potential for use on SC turfgrass sites. In the past five years, the PI has submitted and received three state section 18 labels for herbicides and has contributed data to the federal registration of numerous new products. This continues to ensure that SC remains a top destination for golf and other outdoor recreation activities. Evaluate plant growth regulators (inhibitors and promoters) for enhancing turfgrass growth and development and possibly inhibit certain weeds and minimize mowing maintenance costs. As fossil fuel, labor, and maintenance equipment costs soar, acceptable alternatives to reduce maintenance costs yet retain acceptable turf, are in high demand. A number of products have and will continue to be evaluated for this purpose. Pest management strategies for golf courses. Evaluation trials continually are being performed on new synthetic and organic pest control materials. In recent years, an explosion of natural or organic pest control options have hit the marketplace, often, with little to no prior research to substantiate or refute the manufacturers claims. Typical experiments are replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Data routinely taken and evaluated include turf phytotoxicity, density, growth, and quality, and control of the pest in question. This data is typically the most sought after by turf managers in their never ending struggle to provide quality turfgrass with minimum inputs.

Progress 07/01/06 to 06/30/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: 3 textbooks. 42 scientific presentations/abstracts. 40 book chapters. PI: $962,000. 20 refereed articles. 6 research reports involving 338 research studies. 60 technical articles/popular press. 6 pest control guidelines including 6 sections each. Students Graduated. 2 PhD - major advisor. 4 PhD - committee member. 3 MS - major advisor. 5 MS - committee member. 369 site visits. PARTICIPANTS: Christina Wells (advisory), Associate Professor of Horticulture, SAFES; Bruce Martin, Professor, Plant Physiology, (advisory); William C. Bridges, Jr. (advisory), Professor of Mathematics, Statistics. TARGET AUDIENCES: Commercial turfgrass producers, golf course superintendents, professional lawn care operators, sports field managers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
Provided data to registered 15 new pest control products which had lower use rates plus more favorable environmental and toxicological profiles (aka, "reduced risk" as defined by the USEPA). Provided data to justify using "Diamond" zoysiagrass on commercial turf areas which had limited sunlight access, thus, not support traditionally used turfgrasses. Provided data and information to those wishing to switch from bentgrass on golf greens to bermudagrass. This provides an annual saving of $7,000-$10,000 per acre. Provided data and information on identifying, managing, and controlling rapid spreading pests such as doveweed, Poa annua, and American burnweed. Provided data on the potential of using organic or biological control of dollar spot disease, the most destructive disease of all turfgrasses, thus, reducing synthetic product use by 75%. Provided data justifying a 30% decrease of nitrogen needs by promoting the use of liquid and granular fertilizers applied more efficiency. Provided data showing installing surface fans on bentgrass greens as the number one advancement in its management/survival in hot, humid environments. Provided data indicating the benefits of aerifying less frequently but more aggressively, thus, reducing complaints and no-shows on golf courses. Provided the development of rapid laboratory methods of screening of potential ALS herbicide resistance in Poa annua plants. Involved with initial research investigating establishment of seashore paspalum and "Diamond" zoysiagrass golf greens. Provided new and more effective and economical options for controlling the number one world's worst weed, Purple nutsedge. Provided data indicating a 60% shoot root reduction of turfgrasses by using appropriate plant growth regulators, timings, rates, and subsequent use. Provided data using PGRs and rolling to reduce golf green mowing frequency by 30% yet retain putting speeds (distances) demanded by customers.

Publications

  • Blanton, R.L., A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2010. Postemergence control of Purple Nutsedge in Turfgrass with Various Products. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 63.
  • McCarty, B., 2009. Turfgrass Plant Growth Regulators: A Future Perspective. Annual Meeting of the Plant Growth Regulation Society of America. 36.
  • Baldwin, C.M., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, H. Luo, and J.E. Toler. 2009. Nitrogen and Plant Growth Regulator Influence on 'Champion' Bermudagrass Putting Green under Reduced Sunlight. Agronomy Journal 101 (1):75-81.
  • Baldwin, C.M., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, H. Luo, and J.E. Toler. 2008. Winter Foot and Equipment Traffic Impacts on a 'L93' Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green. HortScience 43(3):922-926.
  • Turgeon, A.J., L.B. McCarty, and N. Christians. 2009. Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • Christians, N., L.B. McCarty, and A.J. Turgeon. 2009. Unit One: Weeds of Turf and Ornamentals. pp. 1-2 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • Christians, N., L.B. McCarty, and A.J. Turgeon. 2009. Grasses and Grass-Like Weeds. pp. 3-16 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • McCarty, L.B., J.W. Everest, D.W. Hall, T.R. Murphy, and F. Yelverton. 2008. Grass and Grasslike Plants. pp. 13-128 In: Color Atlas of Turfgrass Weeds (2nd ed.). Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B., J.W. Everest, D.W. Hall, T.R. Murphy, and F. Yelverton. 2008. Broadleaf Plants. pp. 129-366 In: Color Atlas of Turfgrass Weeds (2nd ed.). Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ.
  • Cox, C.J., L.B. McCarty, J.E. Toler, S.A. Lewis, and S.B. Martin. 2007. Suppressing sting nematodes with Brassica sp., Poinsettia, and spotted spurge extracts. Agronomy Journal 98(4):962-967.
  • McCullough, P.E., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, T. Whitwell, and J.E. Toler. 2007. Bermudagrass putting green growth, color, and nutrient partitioning influenced by nitrogen and trinexapac-ethyl. Crop Science 46(4):1515-1525.
  • Totten, F.W., J.E. Toler, and L.B. McCarty. 2007. Tifway bermudagrass growth regulation with the use of trinexapac-ethyl and flurprimidol. Weed Technology 20(3):702-705.
  • Marvin, J., L.B. McCarty, and S.B. Martin. 2010. Nitrogen Source and Fungicide Interaction Efficacy on Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Causal Agent of Dollar Spot on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA. (CD format). 74-8.
  • McCarty, L.B., N. Christians, and A.J. Turgeon. 2009. Unit Three: Weed Control. pp. 117-118 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • Park, D.M., L.B. McCarty, and S.A. White. 2009. Understanding Irrigation Water Quality Reports. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser.
  • McCarty, B. 2008. Seedheads Produce Growing Headache (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 44(4):13-14.
  • McCarty, B. 2008. Sizing Up Weapons in the Poa Battle (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 44(5):15-18.
  • McCarty, B. 2008. Taking a Hard Look at Sand-Capping (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green. 44(6):17-18.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Don't Guess, Know Your Soil Test (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 45(1):15-16.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Don't Guess, Know Your Tissue Test (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 45(2):17-18.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Straightening Out Water Release Curves (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 45(3):15-17.
  • Park, D. and B. McCarty. 2009. What's Really in Your Water (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 45(3):31.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. Aerification: The Hole Story (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green. 43(3):11-12.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Turf Out of Turf Guide. Harrells Turf Tips 5:1-10.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. MSMA & Turf, Are we Being Scalped (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green. 43(1):9-11.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. Straightening Out Bentgrass Stress (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green. 43(2):11-13.
  • McCarty, B. 2006. MSMA, Keep Your Fingers Crossed. SC Sod Producers Association Newsletter 4:2-3.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. Field Day for Poa annua Control. SC Sod Producers Association Newsletter 1:2.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. MSMA Cancellation, The Fat Lady Has Not Sung Yet. SC Sod Producers Association Newsletter 1:3.
  • McCullough, P.E., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, T. Whitwell, and J.E. Toler. 2006. Growth and Nutrient Partitioning of TifEagle Bermudagrass as Influenced by Nitrogen and Trinexapac-ethyl. HortScience 41(2):453-458.
  • McCullough, P.E., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, and J.E. Toler. 2006. Ethephon and Trinexapac-ethyl Influence Creeping Bentgrass Growth, Quality, and Putting Green Performance. Applied Turfgrass Science. March (on-line).
  • McCullough, P.E., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, T. Whitwell, and J.E. Toler. 2006. Nutrient Allocation of TifEagle Bermudagrass as Influenced by Trinexapac-ethyl. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 29:273-282.
  • McCarty, B. 2006. Advanced Weed Management and Control for Golf Courses Monograph. Carolinas Golf Course Superintendents Association, Liberty, SC. 50pp.
  • McCarty, B., and B. Martin. 2006. Advanced Management of Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Golf Greens Monograph. Golf Course Sueprintendents Assoication of America.
  • McCarty, B. 2010. Ten Ingredients for Better Bentgrass (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 46(6):12-115.
  • McCarty, B. 2011. Disease Issues on Ultradwarf Bermudagrasses (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 47(1):15-18.
  • McCarty, B. 2011. New Herbicides Here and on the Horizon (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 47(2):12-13.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2008. Managing Golf Course Putting Speeds. Proc. SIGRA International Turf Conference. Brazil 14pp.
  • Marvin, J.W., A. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2008. Purple nutsedge control in bermudagrass. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 61.
  • Estes, A.G., R.L. Blanton, and L.B. McCarty. 2008. Alternative dallisgrass control options. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 61.
  • McCarty, B. and J.B. Boyd. 2008. Advanced Weed Management and Control for Golf Courses. Carolinas Golf Course Superintendents Association, Liberty, SC. 50pp.
  • McCarty, L.B., M.F. Gregg, and J.E. Toler. 2007. Thatch and mat management in an established creeping bentgrass golf green. Agronomy Journal 99:1530-1537.
  • Baldwin, C.M., H. Liu, and L.B. McCarty. 2008. Diversity of 42 bermudagrass cultivars in a reduced light environment. II International Conference on Turfgrass Science and Management for Sports Field. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 783:147-158.
  • Liu, J., C.M. Baldwin, F.W. Totten, and L. B. McCarty. 2008. Foliar fertilization for turfgrasses. II International Conference on Turfgrass Science and Management for Sports Fields. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 783:323-332.
  • Totten, F.W. H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, C.M. Baldwin, D.G. Bielenberg, and J.E. Toler. 2008. Efficiency of foliar versus granular fertilization: A field study of creeping bentgrass performance. Journal of Plant Nutrition 31:972-982.
  • McCauley, R.K., L.B. McCarty, H.Liu, J.E. Toler, and A.G. Estes. 2008. Optimum spring ryegrass transition using cultural and chemical options. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 61.
  • McCarty, B. 2006. Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Turf. Symposium: Weed Management in Turf with Sulfonylurea Herbicides. Southern Weed Science Society 59th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.
  • Ramey, Z.E. and B. McCarty. 2008. New options for crabgrass control. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 61.
  • Willis, G., A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2006. Postemergent Control of Poa annua in Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens. Southern Weed Science Society 59th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.
  • Totten, F.W., J. Toler, and L.B. McCarty. 2006. PGR Evaluation on G-2 Creeping Bentgrass. Southern Weed Science Society 59th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.
  • Estes, A.G. and L.B. McCarty. 2006. Dollarweed and Virginia Buttonweed Control in Bermudagrass Turf with Various Postemergent Herbicides. Southern Weed Science Society 59th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.
  • Hubbard, L.R., A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2006 Revolver and MSMA for Dallisgrass Control in Bermudagrass Turf. Southern Weed Science Society 59th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.
  • Higingbotton, J.K., A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2006 Weed Control on South Carolina Highway Right-of-Ways. Southern Weed Science Society 59th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Turfgrass Plant Growth Regulators. pp. 621-629. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. McCarty, L.B. 2011. Effective, Safe, and Legal Use of Pesticides. pp. 631-650. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. McCarty, L.B. 2011. Best Golf Course Environmental Protection Strategies. pp. 651-675. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. McCarty, L.B. 2011. Sprayer and Spreader Calibration. pp. 676-693. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. and D.M. Park. 2011. Irrigation Water Quality 2011. pp. 329-368. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Turfgrass Nematodes. pp. 576-585. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Turfgrass Weeds. pp. 586-620. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Budgets and Personnel Management. pp. 694-718. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Appendix A-E. pp. 719-739. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B., R.K. McCauley, H. Liu, and F.W. Totten. 2010. Perennial Ryegrass Allelopathic Potential on Bermudagrass Germination and Seedling Growth. HortScience 45(12):1-4.
  • Turgeon, A.J., L.B. McCarty, and N. Christians. 2009. Herbicides in the Environment. pp. 90-99 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • Christians, N., L.B. McCarty, and A.J. Turgeon. 2009. Broadleaf Weeds. pp. 17-36 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • Turgeon, A.J., L.B. McCarty, and N. Christians. 2009. Unit Two: Herbicides. pp. 37-45 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • Turgeon, A.J., L.B. McCarty, and N. Christians. 2009. Herbicides in the Plant. pp. 46-89 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • McCarty, L.B., N. Christians, and A.J. Turgeon. 2009. Control of Turfgrass Weeds. pp. 119-178 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • McCarty, L.B., N. Christians, and A.J. Turgeon. 2009. Turfgrass Plant Growth Regulators. pp. 179-192 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • McCarty, L.B., N. Christians, and A.J. Turgeon. 2009. Weed Control in Landscapes and Nonturf Areas. pp. 194-278 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • Polomski, B. and B. McCarty. 2007. Turfgrass Establishment and Management. pp.449-526. In: R. Polomski (ed.). The South Carolina Master Gardener Training Manual. Clemson University PSA. EC678.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. Applying a microscope to herbicide resistance (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 43(4):11-12.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. Golf course Poa annua control considerations in non-overseeded turf. Harrells Turf Tips 4:1-2.
  • Estes, A. and Lambert McCarty. 2007. Potential Dallisgrass Control Options. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 337-1.
  • Liu, H., Lambert McCarty, Williams Sarvis, and Christian Baldwin, 2007. Managing Mini-Verde Bermudagrass Putting Green with Variable Topdressing and PGR. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 337-10.
  • Haibo Liu, Lambert McCarty, Williams Sarvis, Christian Baldwin, and Steven Long. 2007. Comparison of Bermudagrass Green Winter Painting and Overseeding. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 337-11.
  • Baldwin, C.M., H. Liu, and L.B. McCarty. 2007. Diversity of 42 bermudagrass cultivars in a reduced light environment. 2nd International Conference ISHS on Turfgrass Science and Management for Sports Fields. Beijing, China.
  • Liu, H., C.M. Baldwin, F.W. Totten, and L.B. McCarty. 2007. Foliar fertilization for turfgrasses. 2nd International Conference ISHS on Turfgrass Science and Management for Sports Fields. Beijing, China.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. Golf course Poa annua control considerations in overseeded turf. Harrells Turf Tips 4:3-4.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. A plan to relieve Poa pressure (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 43(5):13-16.
  • McCarty, L.B., M.F. Gregg, and J.E. Toler. 2007. Controlling thatch in bentgrass golf greens. Research & Industry Highlights. Crop, Soils, Agronomy News 52(11):8.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. Bentgrass survival: The 10 commandments (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green. 43(6):11-13.
  • Liu, H., B. McCarty, C.M. Baldwin, W.G. Sarvis, and S.H. Long. 2007. Painting dormant bermudagrass putting greens. Golf Course Management 75(11):86-91.
  • McCarty, B. 2008. Taking a look at the new product parade (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 44(1):13-14.
  • McCarty, B. 2008. Bermudagrass needs in the Carolinas (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 44(2):9-11.
  • Baldwin, C.M., H. Liu, B. McCarty, and S.H. Long. 2008. Impact of winter traffic on creeping bentgrass. Golf Course Management 75(3):125-128.
  • McCarty, B. and A. Canegallo. 2008. Claves para manejar greens de pasto Bermuda ultra enana. Novedades. Asociacion Argentina De Golf:1-11.
  • Liu, H., L.B. McCarty, C.M. Baldwin, W.G. Sarvis, and S.H. Long. 2008. Painting dormant bermudagrass putting greens. Golf Course Management 75(11): 86-91.
  • McCarty, L.B., J.W. Everest, D.W. Hall, T.R. Murphy, and F. Yelverton. 2008. Color Atlas of Turfgrass Weeds (2nd ed.). Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 423pp.
  • McCarty, L.B., J.W. Everest, D.W. Hall, T.R. Murphy, and F. Yelverton. 2008. Introduction. pp. 1-12 In: Color Atlas of Turfgrass Weeds (2nd ed.). Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ.
  • Lewis, D., T. Gannon, F. Yelverton, S. Askew, J. Brosnan, J. Jester, L. McCarty, and J.S. McElroy. 2010. An Intercollegiate Approach to Quantifying Sulfonylurea Herbicide Movement onto Cool-Season Turfgrass. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA. (CD format). 198-5.
  • Atkinson, J.L., L.B. McCarty, J.E. Toler, H. Liu, and J. Faust. 2010. Shade Tolerance of 'Diamond' Zoysiagrass Managed Under Putting Green Conditions with the use of Trinexapac-ethyl. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA. (CD format). 74-11.
  • Atkinson, J.L., L.B. McCarty, J.E. Toler, H. Liu, and J. Faust. 2010. Response of 'Diamond' Zoysiagrass (Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr) to Reduced Light Environments. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA. (CD format). 289-5.
  • Hubbard, L.R., A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2011. Post-emergence Goosegrass Control in Bermudagrass Turf. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 64.
  • McCarty, L.B., A.G. Estes, J.L. Atkinson, and J.W. Marvin. 2011. Exploring Postemergence Weed Control in Turf with Celsius. Proc. Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 64.
  • Atkinson, J.L., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2011. Pre and Postemergence Control of Doveweed in Bermudagrass. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 64.
  • Cross, R., A. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2011. Postemergence Dallisgrass Control Without MSMA. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 64.
  • Bowie, K.M., A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2011. Bermudagrass Safety to Seeded Bermudagrass with Certainty. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 64.
  • Landry, R.S., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2011. Amicarbazone, A New Possible Postemergence Control. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 64.
  • Marvin, J.W., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2011. Alternative Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Controls Without MSMA. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 64.
  • Estes, A.G. and L.B. McCarty. 2011. Broadleaf Weed Control with MAT 28 (Aminocyclopyrachlor). Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 64.
  • Bethea, F.G. Jr., N. Menchyk, H. Liu, D.M. Park, and L.B. McCarty. 2010. The Effects of Nitrogen and Primo on 'Mini Verde' bermudagrass under Natural Shade Stress. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p10.
  • Menchyk, N.A., F.G. Bethea Jr., H. Liu, F.C. Waltz, S.B. Martin, L.B. McCarty, H. Luo, and D.G. Bielenberg. 2010. 'Diamond' Zoysiagrass Putting Green Management in the Transition Zone with Primo and Nitrogen. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p11.
  • Menchyk, N.A., F.G. Bethea Jr., H. Liu, F.C. Waltz, S.B. Martin, L.B. McCarty, H. Luo, and D.G. Bielenberg. 2010. 'Diamond' Zoysiagrass Putting Green Management in the Transition Zone with Primo and Nitrogen. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p11.
  • Marvin, J.W., L.B. McCarty, S.B. Martin, H. Liu, J.E. Toler, and H. Luo. 2010. Dollar Spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) Control Using Organic and Synthetic Fungicide Combinations 2010. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p12. Marvin, J.W., L.B. McCarty, S.B. Martin, H. Liu, J.E. Toler, and H. Luo. 2010. Dollar Spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) Control Using Organic and Synthetic Fungicide Combinations 2010. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p12.
  • Marvin, J.W., L.B. McCarty, S.B. Martin, H. Liu, J.E. Toler, and H. Luo. 2010. Biological Fungicides for Preventative Control on Creeping Bentgrass of Dollar Spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) 2010. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p13.
  • Menchyk, N.A., F.G. Bethea Jr., H. Liu, S.B. Martin, L.B. McCarty, H. Luo, and D.G. Bielenberg. 2010. Mini-Verde Bermudagrass Dollar Spot Management with Variable Foliar-Applied N and Primo Rates in the Southern Transition Zone. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p14.
  • Menchyk, N.A., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, S.B. Martin, H. Luo, and D.G. Bielenberg. 2010. Urea Nitrogen Fertilization to Five Warm Season Turfgrasses under Salinity Stress. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p22.
  • Bethea, F.G. Jr., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, and D.M. Park. 2010. The Leaf Cuticle Layer and its Environment. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p23.
  • McCarty, L.B., N. Christians, and A.J. Turgeon. 2009. Appendix A - Common and Trade Names of Specialty-Use Herbicides and Plant-Growth Regulators. pp. 279-282 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • Turgeon, A.J., L.B. McCarty, and N. Christians. 2009. Herbicide Formulation and Application. pp. 100-116 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • McCauley, R.K., B. McCarty, H. Liu, and J.E. Toler. 2008. Optimizing Spring Transition of Perennial Ryegrass. Golf Course Management 76(10):89-92.
  • McCarty, B. 2008. For Successful Control Know Your Poa annua. Golf Course Management 76(10):93-97.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. MAA Research Task Force Reaches Agreement with USEPA. SC Sod Producers Association Newsletter 6(1):7-8.
  • Blanton, R.L., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2009. Postemergence Annual Bluegrass Control and Preemergence Crabgrass Control with February Application. Proc. Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 49.
  • Marvin, J.W., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2009. Purple Nutsedge Control with Dismiss (Sulfentrazon). Proc. Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 49.
  • Estes, A.G. and L.B. McCarty. 2009. Annual Bluegrass Control in Overseeded Bermudagrass Fairways. Proc. Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 49.
  • McCauley, R.K., L. B. McCarty, H. Liu, and J. E. Toler. 2009. Alleopathic Properties of Overseeded Ryegrass on Bermudagrass Spring Greenup. Proc. Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 49.
  • Harrell, J.R., A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2009. Postemergence Control on Purple Nutsedge. Proc. Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 49.
  • Atkinson, J., and B. McCarty. 2009. Shade Tolerance of 'Diamond' Zoysiagrass Managed under Putting Green Conditions with the use of Trinexapac-ethyl. Proc. Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 49.
  • McCarty, L. B. and F. Yelverton. 2009. Weed Control Workbook 2009. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 91pp.
  • Yelverton, F. and L. B. McCarty. 2009. Advanced Weed Management. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 170pp.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Turf Sod now Included in Disaster Assistance Trust Fund. SC Sod Producers Association Newsletter 6(2):7.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Control Bermudagrass in Sod Production. SC Sod Producers Association Newsletter 6(3):4-6.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Bermudagrass Control Strategies in Sod Production. Georgia Sod Producers Association News. 19(1):11-17.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2008. Using Turfgrass Plant Growth Regulators. Proc. SIGRA International Turf Conference. Brazil 15pp.
  • Toler, J.E., T.G. Willis, A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2007. Postemergent annual bluegrass control in dormant nonoverseeded bermudagrass turf. HortScience 42 (3):670-672.
  • McCullough, P.E., T. Whitwell, L. B. McCarty, and H. Liu. 2007. Dwarf bermudagrass tolerance to preemergence herbicides. HortScience 42(3):673-677.
  • Toler, J.E., J.K. Higingbottom, and L.B. McCarty. 2007 Influence of fertility and mowing height on performance of established centipededgrass. HortScience 42(3):678-681.
  • McCarty, L.B., D.M. Park, K. Gorman, H. Liu, and K. Stone. 2007. Constructing a Facility for Investigating Bermudagrass Response to Alternative Water Sources Delivered by a Subsurface Drip Irrigation System. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA.
  • Estes, A.G. and L. B. McCarty. 2007. Postemergence goosegrass control using Dismiss. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 60.
  • Hubbard, L.R., A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2007. New options for purple nutsedge control in bermudagrass turf. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 60.
  • McCarty, L.B. and A.G. Estes. 2007. Alternative Dallisgrass control options without organic arsenicals. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 60.
  • McCauley, R.K., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2007. Annual bluegrass control using various preemergent and postemergent herbicides. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 60.
  • Totten, F.W., L.B. McCarty, J.E. Toler, and J.K. Higingbottom. 2007. An evaluation of plant growth regulator usage on G-2 creeping bentgrass. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 60.
  • McCarty, L. B. and F. Yelverton. 2007. Weed Control Workbook. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 91pp.
  • Yelverton, F. and L. B. McCarty. 2007. Advanced Weed Management. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 170pp.
  • McCarty, L.B. and S.B. Martin. 2007. Advanced Management of Ultradwarf bermudagrass golf greens. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS, CD format.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. Advanced Weed Management and Control for Golf Courses. Carolinas Golf Course Superintendents Association, Liberty, SC. 50pp.
  • McCarty, L. B., A. E. Estes, and J. H. Higingbottom. 2007. Turf, Weed, and Other Research Report. Clemson University Horticulture Department. 541pp (CD format).
  • Baldwin, C.M., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, H. Luo, and J.E. Toler. 2009. Dormant Bermudagrass Spring Green-up Influenced by Shade. Inter. Turfgrass Society Research Journal 11:711-721.
  • Park, D. and L.B. McCarty. 2010. Strategies for Evaluating Your Irrigation Water Quality 2010. Golf Course Industry Magazine. www.golfcourseindustry.com/Article.aspxarticle_id=105054.
  • McCarty, L. B. and A. E. Estes. Turf and Weed Research Report 2006-12. Clemson University Horticulture Department.
  • Sarvis, W.G., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, and J.E. Toler. 2009. Performance of Poa trivialis as Overseeded Turf Under Shade Conditions. Inter. Turfgrass Society Research Journal 11:837-847.
  • Baldwin, C.M., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, H. Luo, C.E. Wells, and J.E. Toler. 2009. Impacts of Altered Light Spectral Quality on Warm-Season Turfgrass Growth under Greenhouse Conditions. Crop Science 49:1444-1453.
  • Stiglbauer, J.B., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, D.M. Park, J.E. Toler, and K. Kirk. 2009. 'Diamond' Zoysiagrass Putting Green Establishment Affected by Sprigging Rates, Nitrogen Sources, and Rates in the Southern Transition Zone. HortScience 44(6):1757-1761.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2010. Controlling Poa annua Utilizing a Program Approach. European Turfgrass Society Conference 2:124-126.
  • McCauley, R.K., L.B. McCarty, H. Liu, and J.E. Toler. 2009. Optimizing Overseed Spring Transition by Integrating Mowing Height, Nitrogen Rate and Sulfonylurea Herbicide Use. Inter. Turfgrass Society Research Journal 11:399-415.
  • Liu, H., T. Whitwell, D.C. Garrett, L.B. McCarty, S.B. Martin, J. Adelberg, J.E. Brown-Faust and C.M. Baldwin. 2009. Survey of Undergraduate Turf Education and the Internship Experience. Inter. Turfgrass Society Research Journal 11:607-617.
  • Polomski, R.F. 2010 Chapter 13: Turfgrass. South Carolina Nursery and Landscape Association CNP Study Manual.
  • McCarty, B. 2010. Putting a Focus on Zoysiagrass (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 46(4):14-15.
  • McCarty, B. and G. Miller. 2010. How to Beat the Next Big Chill. Carolinas Green 46(4):26-29.
  • McCarty, B. 2010. Using Probes for Determining Soil Moisture (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 46(5):13-14.
  • Park, D. and L. McCarty. 2010. What is in Your Water Strategies for Evaluating Your Irrigation Water Quality. Golf Course Industry Magazine. February: 48-52.
  • McCarty, L.B. and R.F. Polomski. 2009. Home Lawn Management in South Carolina. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 687. 79pp.
  • Totten, W., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, C.M. Baldwin, and J.E. Toler. 2009. Foliar vs. Granular Fertilization on Creeping Bentgrass. Golf Course Management. 77(10):74-80.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Prepared for Poa (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 45(4):17-19.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Sleuthing the Culprits Behind Winter-Kill (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 45(5):15-18.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. International Turfgrass Society Snapshots: Part 1 (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green. 45(6):16-19.
  • McCarty, B. 2010. International Turfgrass Society Snapshots: Part 2 (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green. 46(1):13-15.
  • Baldwin, C.M., H. Liu, and L.B. McCarty. 2010. Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Winter Shade. Golf Course Management. 78(1):108-112.
  • Marvin, J., L.B. McCarty, S.B. Martin, H. Liu and J.E. Toler. 2009. Dollar Spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) Control Using Organic and Synthetic Fungicide Combinations. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, Pittsburg, PA. 101 (CD format). 173-7.
  • McCarty, B. 2010. International Turfgrass Society Snapshots: Part 3 (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green. 46(2):15-17.
  • McCarty, B. 2010. Straightening Out Water Release Curves - Part2 (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 46(3):15-17.
  • Blanton, R.L., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2008. Preemergence and postemergence control of goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in bermudagrass turf. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 61.
  • Gorman, K., Dara Park, Ken Stone, Lambert McCarty, and Haibo Liu. 2007. Construction of a Facility for Investigating Bermudagrass Response to Saline Water Delivered by a Subsurface Drip Irrigation System. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 74-459.
  • Baldwin, C., Hong Luo, Haibo Liu, Lambert McCarty, Nihal Rajapakse, and Joe Toler. 2008. Genetic Engineering of Creeping Bentgrass for Enhanced Drought Tolerance. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN. 99 (CD format). 72-13
  • McCauley, R.K., Lambert B. McCarty, Haibo Liu, Joseph E. Toler, and Alan Estes. 2008. Optimum Spring Ryegrass Transition Using Cultural and Chemical Options. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 73-7.
  • Baldwin, C., Haibo Liu, Lambert McCarty, Nihal Rajapakse, Hong Luo, and Joe Toler. 2008. Chemical and Cultural Management Practices to Enhance Champion Bermudagrass Under Shade. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 74-8.
  • Sarvis, W., Haibo Liu, Lambert McCarty, Bill Bauerle, and Joe Toler. 2007. Crenshaw Creeping Bentgrass Green Responses to Various Levels of Liquid or Granular Potassium. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 167-1.
  • Sarvis, W., Haibo Liu, Lambert McCarty, Bill Bauerle, and Joe Toler. 2007. L-93 Creeping Bentgrass Responses to Various Levels of Potassium and Wetting Agents. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 171-2.
  • Baldwin, C., Haibo Liu, Nihal Rajapakse, Lambert McCarty, Hong Luo, and Joe Toler. 2007. Altered Light Spectral Qualities Impacts on Warm-Season Turfgrass Growth and Development. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 268-20.
  • Baldwin, C., Haibo Liu, Nihal Rajapakse, Lambert McCarty, Hong Luo, and Joe Toler. 2007. Winter Cultural Practices and Shade Impacts on Tifeagle Bermudagrass Spring-Green up. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 268-21.
  • Baldwin, C., Haibo Liu, Nihal Rajapakse, Lambert McCarty, Hong Luo, and Joe Toler. 2007. Dormant Bermudagrass Sod Establishment and Spring Green-up Influenced by Shade. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 268-22.
  • Baldwin, C., Haibo Liu, Lambert McCarty, Nihal Rajapakse, Hong Luo, and Joe Toler. 2007. Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of 42 Bermudagrass Cultivars. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 268-23.
  • Estes, A. and B. McCarty. 2006. Poa Control in Non-overseeded Bermduagrass. Clemson University Mini-Poa Control Field Day. Upstate Turfgrass Association, Clemson, SC.
  • Willis, G. and B. McCarty. 2006. Bentgrass PGR Study. Clemson University Mini-Poa Control Field Day. Upstate Turfgrass Association, Clemson, SC.
  • Liu, H, L. B. McCarty, F.W. Totten, and C. Baldwin. 2006. Best Foliar Nitrogen Fertilization Practices to Enhance Turf Quality, Rooting, and Growth of TifEagle Bermudagrass and L-93 Bentgrass Golf Greens. CGCSA and GCSAA. Progress Report: pp. 1-10.
  • McCarty, B. 2006. Management Strategies for Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Golf Greens. Proceeding to SIGRA III Conference, Botucatu, Brazil.
  • Totten, W. and B. McCarty. 2006. Bentgrass PGR Study. Clemson University Mini-Poa Control Field Day. Upstate Turfgrass Association, Clemson, SC.
  • Totten, W. and B. McCarty. 2006. Bentgrass Foliar Fertilizer Study. Clemson University Mini-Poa Control Field Day. Upstate Turfgrass Association, Clemson, SC.
  • McCauley, R. and B. McCarty. 2006. PGR Effects on Overseeded TifEagle Bermudagrass. Clemson University Mini-Poa Control Field Day. Upstate Turfgrass Association, Clemson, SC.
  • Estes, A. and B. McCarty. 2006. PRE Poa Control in Overseeded Ryegrass Fairway. Clemson University Mini-Poa Control Field Day. Upstate Turfgrass Association, Clemson, SC.
  • Higingbottom, J. and B. McCarty. 2006. POST Poa Control in Overseeded Ryegrass Fairway. Clemson University Mini-Poa Control Field Day. Upstate Turfgrass Association, Clemson, SC.
  • McCauley, R. and B. McCarty. 2006. POST Clumpy Ryegrass Control. Clemson University Mini-Poa Control Field Day. Upstate Turfgrass Association, Clemson, SC.
  • McCarty, L.B. and Waltz, F.C. Jr. 2011. Cultural Practices for Golf Courses. pp. 370-420. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. and C.A. Bigelow. 2011. Managing Bentgrass/Poa annua Golf Greens in Stressful Environments. pp. 421-445. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Managing Bermudagrass Golf Greens. pp. 446-458. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. McCarty, L.B. 2011. Seashore Paspalum and its Management. pp. 459-467. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Integrated Pest Management. pp. 470-486. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. and S.B. Martin. 2011. Turfgrass Diseases. pp. 487-535. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Turfgrass Insects. pp. 536-575. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Soil Chemical Properties. pp. 83-106. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. McCarty, L.B. and V.L. Quisenberry. 2011. Soil Physical Properties and Drainage Characteristics. pp. 107-138. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Soil Oxygen and Temperature Properties. pp. 139-144. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Soil Organisms. pp. 145-152. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Golf Course Construction and Renovation. pp. 154-186. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Putting Green Construction. pp. 187-216. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Turfgrass Establishment and Grow-In. pp. 217-235. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. McCarty, L.B. and J.M. Higgins. 2011. Plant Nutrition and Turf Fertilizers. pp. 237-272. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. and H. Liu. 2011. Developing Turf Fertilizer Programs and Fertilizer Calculations. pp. 273-298. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. McCarty, L.B. and D.C. Bowman. 2011. Water Management and Conservation in Turf. pp. 300-328. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L. B. Specialty Use Herbicide and PGR Common and Trade Names 2006-12. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • cCarty, L. B. (ed.). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers 2006-12. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. Weed Control 2006-12. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. Plant Growth Regulators for Fine Turf 2006-12. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. Activated Charcoal for Pesticide Deactivation 2006-12. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. Weed Control and Seedhead Suppression in Specialty Turf Areas Such as Roadsides, Industrial Sites, Fields, Common Areas 2006-12. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. Pesticide Calibration Formulas and Information 2006-12. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. Metric System Conversion Factors 2006-12. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. and F. Yelverton. Weed Control Workbook 2006-12. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 91pp.
  • Yelverton, F. and L. B. McCarty. Advanced Weed Management 2006-12.. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 170pp.
  • McCarty, L.B. and S.B. Martin. Advanced Management of Ultradwarf bermudagrass golf greens 2006-12. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS, CD format.
  • McCarty, L.B. and S.B. Martin. Management of Creeping Bentgrass Golf Greens in Heat-stress Environments 2006-12. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS, CD format.
  • McCarty, L.B. Best Management Strategies for Turfgrasses in South Carolina 2006-12. USDA AD-421 Progress Report (CRIS) SC-1700299.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. 776pp.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Turfgrasses. pp. 2-50. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. and Miller G. 2011. Turfgrass Physiology and Environmental Stresses. pp. 51-81. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • Park, D. and B. McCarty. 2010. What is in Your Water. Golf Course Industry 22(2):49-52.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Turf Out of Turf Guide - Part 2. Harrells Turf Tips 5:1-10.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Don't Guess - Know Your Soil Test. Georgia Sod Producers Association News. 19(2):4, 11.
  • McCarty, B. and G. Miller. 2010. Winter-Kill and Responding to it Now. Carolinas Golf Course Superintendents Association membership email, January 11, 2010.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Controlling One Grass in Another. SC Sod Producers Association Newsletter 7(4):3-7.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2010. Controlling Poa annua Utilizing a Program Approach. European Turfgrass Society Conference Proceedings. 2.
  • McCarty, L.B., A.G. Estes, and J. Gann. 2010. Preemergent and postemergent control of doveweed in C4 Grasses. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 63.
  • Marvin, J.W., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2010. New Chemical Controls for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua). Proc. Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 63.
  • Estes, A.G. and L.B. McCarty. 2010. Preemergence annual bluegrass and crabgrass with indaziflam. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 63.
  • Landry, R.S., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2010. Preemergence control of Goosegrass in Bermudagrass. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 63.


Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Graduate students include Mr. Jeff Atkinson (MS) who evaluated the use of Diamond zoysiagrass as a putting surface. Affected golf courses could substitute this lower sunlight requiring grass than the now-used full sunlight requiring bermudagrass. Mr. Atkinson is currently pursuing a PhD at Clemson working on the biology, management, and control of Doveweed (Murdannia nudiflora) a very problematic summer annual monocot that is quickly invading turf settings throughout the southern USA. Limited information is available on conditions favoring its occurrence. Turf managers might be able to alter their management practices to discourage this very problematic pest. Mr. Jeff Marvin (PhD) is using non-synthetic fungicides for the control of the most damaging turfgrass disease, dollar spot. He is also quantifying the effects of biological and synthetic products on the physiology of turfgrasses. He is currently completing his graduate requirements. Ms. Robin Landry (MS) is evaluating potential water conservation using Hydretain, which supposedly draws moisture from the atmosphere, making it available to plants. She is also currently completing her graduate requirements. Mr. Bob Cross (MS) finished his first year of research in 2011 focusing on biology, management and control of herbicide-resistant biotypes of annual bluegrass (Poa annua). This is the worst winter weed on SC golf courses and disrupts turf play and uniformity. Compounding this are herbicide-resistant biotypes which obviously further complicates control options. He has developed a quick, but accurate laboratory method to determine if Poa samples are resistant to the ALS inhibiting class of herbicides. Dr. McCarty is chair of Brinkley Robenson (non-thesis MS) with a special project determining maintenance cost comparison of creeping bentgrass, bermudagrass, and seashore paspalum as putting surfaces. This information would provide practical information for courses considering switching to one of these grasses to save money and resources. Mr. Ray Hubbard (PhD) is researching reducing thatch/mat by various cultural practices. A perceived negative of golf is aerification which affects play, often causing individuals to seek other recreation venues. If thatch/mat was reduced with minimum aerification, this would encourage play (revenue) for affected golf courses. Mr. Brinkley Roberson (MS non-thesis) is comparing the costs of maintaining bermudagrass vs. bentgrass golf greens in the state. Other graduate student committees McCarty was on in 2011 include: Philip Brown (PhD), Brad Shaver (PhD) and Alejandro Canegallo (PhD). Mr. Brown is characterizing preferential flow in a golf green. Mr. Shaver is exploring nematode management and biology in turfgrass while Mr. Canegello is characterizing Spring Dead Spot disease in bermudagrass. Other contributions towards improving Best Management Strategies for Turfgrasses in South Carolina, are listed in the Publications section. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Professional Turfgrass Managers such as golf course superintendents, sports field managers, sod producers, professional lawn care, roadsides, parks and recreation, and cemetaries. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
A major impact is showing that by switching to bermudagrass for golf greens instead of bentgrass, a golf course can realize a $7,000 savings in maintenance costs per acre. Also, golf courses with shaded greens in the past either resodded twice yearly or dealt with weak, weed infested turf. Research at Clemson now supports the use of Diamond Zoysiagrass for these shaded sites. Research at Clemson also provided support data for the registration of 4 new products for turfgrass managers to use. This information can assist managers in decision making for using the most effective and safe products and management decisions for various turfgrasses in the state. It eventually helps maintain an environment that is healthy, safe, and attractive. This information has allowed South Carolina to remain the number two golf destination state in the United States.

Publications

  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. 776pp.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Turfgrasses. pp. 2-50. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. and Miller G. 2011. Turfgrass Physiology and Environmental Stresses. pp. 51-81. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Soil Chemical Properties. pp. 83-106. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. and V.L. Quisenberry. 2011. Soil Physical Properties and Drainage Characteristics. pp. 107-138. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Soil Oxygen and Temperature Properties. pp. 139-144. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Soil Organisms. pp. 145-152. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Putting Green Construction. pp. 187-216. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Turfgrass Establishment and "Grow-In". pp. 217-235. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. and H. Liu. 2011. Developing Turf Fertilizer Programs and Fertilizer Calculations. pp. 273-298. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. and D.C. Bowman. 2011. Water Management and Conservation in Turf. pp. 300-328. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. and D.M. Park. 2011. Irrigation Water Quality 2011. pp. 329-368. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. and Waltz, F.C. Jr. 2011. Cultural Practices for Golf Courses. pp. 370-420. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. and C.A. Bigelow. 2011. Managing Bentgrass/Poa annua Golf Greens in Stressful Environments. pp. 421-445. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Managing Bermudagrass Golf Greens. pp. 446-458. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Seashore Paspalum and its Management. pp. 459-467. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Integrated Pest Management. pp. 470-486. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. and S.B. Martin. 2011. Turfgrass Diseases. pp. 487-535. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Turfgrass Insects. pp. 536-575. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Turfgrass Nematodes. pp. 576-585. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Turfgrass Weeds. pp. 586-620. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Turfgrass Plant Growth Regulators. pp. 621-629. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Effective, Safe, and Legal Use of Pesticides. pp. 631-650. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. and J.M. Higgins. 2011. Plant Nutrition and Turf Fertilizers. pp. 237-272. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Best Golf Course Environmental Protection Strategies. pp. 651-675. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Sprayer and Spreader Calibration. pp. 676-693. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Budgets and Personnel Management. pp. 694-718. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Appendix A-E. pp. 719-739. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B., R.K. McCauley, H. Liu, and F.W. Totten. 2010. Perennial Ryegrass Allelopathic Potential on Bermudagrass Germination and Seedling Growth. HortScience 45(12):1-4.
  • Marvin, J., L.B. McCarty, and S.B. Martin. 2010. Nitrogen Source and Fungicide Interaction Efficacy on Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Causal Agent of Dollar Spot on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA. (CD format). 74-8.
  • Atkinson, J.L., L.B. McCarty, J.E. Toler, H. Liu, and J. Faust. 2010. Shade Tolerance of 'Diamond' Zoysiagrass Managed Under Putting Green Conditions with the use of Trinexapac-ethyl. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA. (CD format). 74-11.
  • Atkinson, J.L., L.B. McCarty, J.E. Toler, H. Liu, and J. Faust. 2010. Response of 'Diamond' Zoysiagrass (Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr) to Reduced Light Environments. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA. (CD format). 289-5.
  • Lewis, D., T. Gannon, F. Yelverton, S. Askew, J. Brosnan, J. Jester, L. McCarty, and J.S. McElroy. 2010. An Intercollegiate Approach to Quantifying Sulfonylurea Herbicide Movement onto Cool-Season Turfgrass. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA. (CD format). 198-5.
  • Hubbard, L.R., A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2011. Post-emergence Goosegrass Control in Bermudagrass Turf. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 64.
  • McCarty, L.B., A.G. Estes, J.L. Atkinson, and J.W. Marvin. 2011. Exploring Postemergence Weed Control in Turf with Celsius. Proc. Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 64.
  • Atkinson, J.L., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2011. Pre and Postemergence Control of Doveweed in Bermudagrass. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 64.
  • Cross, R., A. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2011. Postemergence Dallisgrass Control Without MSMA. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 64.
  • Bowie, K.M., A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2011. Bermudagrass Safety to Seeded Bermudagrass with Certainty. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 64.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Best Management Strategies for Turfgrasses in South Carolina 2011. USDA AD-421 Progress Report (CRIS): SC-1700299.
  • Bethea, F.G. Jr., N. Menchyk, H. Liu, D.M. Park, and L.B. McCarty. 2010. The Effects of Nitrogen and Primo on 'Mini Verde' bermudagrass under Natural Shade Stress. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p10.
  • Menchyk, N.A., F.G. Bethea Jr., H. Liu, F.C. Waltz, S.B. Martin, L.B. McCarty, H. Luo, and D.G. Bielenberg. 2010. 'Diamond' Zoysiagrass Putting Green Management in the Transition Zone with Primo and Nitrogen. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p11.
  • Menchyk, N.A., F.G. Bethea Jr., H. Liu, F.C. Waltz, S.B. Martin, L.B. McCarty, H. Luo, and D.G. Bielenberg. 2010. 'Diamond' Zoysiagrass Putting Green Management in the Transition Zone with Primo and Nitrogen. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p11.
  • Marvin, J.W., L.B. McCarty, S.B. Martin, H. Liu, J.E. Toler, and H. Luo. 2010. Dollar Spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) Control Using Organic and Synthetic Fungicide Combinations 2010. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p12.
  • Marvin, J.W., L.B. McCarty, S.B. Martin, H. Liu, J.E. Toler, and H. Luo. 2010. Dollar Spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) Control Using Organic and Synthetic Fungicide Combinations 2010. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p12.
  • Marvin, J.W., L.B. McCarty, S.B. Martin, H. Liu, J.E. Toler, and H. Luo. 2010. Biological Fungicides for Preventative Control on Creeping Bentgrass of Dollar Spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) 2010. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p13.
  • Menchyk, N.A., F.G. Bethea Jr., H. Liu, S.B. Martin, L.B. McCarty, H. Luo, and D.G. Bielenberg. 2010. 'Mini-Verde' Bermudagrass Dollar Spot Management with Variable Foliar-Applied N and Primo Rates in the Southern Transition Zone. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p14.
  • Menchyk, N.A., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, S.B. Martin, H. Luo, and D.G. Bielenberg. 2010. Urea Nitrogen Fertilization to Five Warm Season Turfgrasses under Salinity Stress. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p22.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2011. Weed Control 2011. pp. 56-85. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • Bethea, F.G. Jr., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, and D.M. Park. 2010. The Leaf Cuticle Layer and its Environment. Annual Clemson University Turfgrass Field Day Abstract. p23.
  • McCarty, L. B. (ed.). 2011. Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers 2011. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699. 129pp.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2011. Plant Growth Regulators for Fine Turf 2011. pp. 86-89. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2011. Specialty Use Herbicide and PGR Common and Trade Names 2011. pp. 90-95. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2011. Activated Charcoal for Pesticide Deactivation 2011. pp. 96-97. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2011. Weed Control and Seedhead Suppression in Specialty Turf Areas Such as Roadsides, Industrial Sites, Fields, Common Areas 2011. pp. 98-111. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2011. Pesticide Calibration Formulas and Information 2011. pp. 118-120. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2011. Metric System Conversion Factors 2011. pp. 121-129. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, B. 2010. Putting a Focus on Zoysiagrass (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 46(4):14-15.
  • McCarty, B. and G. Miller. 2010. How to Beat the Next Big Chill. Carolinas Green 46(4):26-29.
  • McCarty, B. 2010. Using Probes for Determining Soil Moisture (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 46(5):13-14.
  • McCarty, B. 2010. Ten Ingredients for Better Bentgrass (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 46(6):12-115.
  • McCarty, B. 2011. Disease Issues on Ultradwarf Bermudagrasses (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 47(1):15-18.
  • McCarty, B. 2011. New Herbicides Here and on the Horizon (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 47(2):12-13.
  • Park, D. and L.B. McCarty. 2010. Strategies for Evaluating Your Irrigation Water Quality 2010. Golf Course Industry Magazine. www.golfcourseindustry.com/Article.aspxarticle_id=105054.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2011. Golf Course Construction and Renovation. pp. 154-186. in Best Golf Course Management Practices (3rd edition). Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • Landry, R.S., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2011. Amicarbazone, A New Possible Postemergence Control. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 64.
  • Marvin, J.W., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2011. Alternative Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Controls Without MSMA. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 64.
  • Estes, A.G. and L.B. McCarty. 2011. Broadleaf Weed Control with MAT 28 (Aminocyclopyrachlor). Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 64.
  • McCarty, L. B. and F. Yelverton. 2011. Weed Control Workbook 2011. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 91pp.
  • Yelverton, F. and L. B. McCarty. 2011. Advanced Weed Management 2011. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 170pp.
  • McCarty, L.B. and S.B. Martin. 2011. Advanced Management of Ultradwarf bermudagrass golf greens 2011. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS, CD format.
  • McCarty, L.B. and S.B. Martin. 2011. Management of Creeping Bentgrass Golf Greens in Heat-stress Environments 2011. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS, CD format.
  • McCarty, L. B. and A. E. Estes. 2011. Turf and Weed Research Report 2011. Clemson University Horticulture Department. 626pp


Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Graduate students include Mr. Ray Hubbard (PhD) researching reducing thatch/mat by various cultural practices. A perceived negative of golf is aerification which affects play, often causing individuals to seek other recreation venues. If thatch/mat was reduced with minimum aerification, this would encourage play (revenue) for affected golf courses. Mr. Jeff Atkinson (MS) graduated in 2010 evaluating the possibility of using Diamond zoysiagrass as a putting surface. Affected golf courses could substitute this lower sunlight requiring grass than the now-used full sunlight requiring bermudagrass. Shade sources such as trees or buildings are located off the property of a golf course, thus, cannot be removed. Using a more shade tolerant C4 turfgrass such as zoysiagrass would allow courses in the hot south to still enjoy a warm-season grass even in low light environments. Mr. Atkinson is currently pursuing a PhD at Clemson working on the biology, management, and control of Doveweed (Murdannia nudiflora) a very problematic summer annual monocot that is quickly invading turf settings throughout the southern USA. Limited information is available on conditions favoring its occurrence. Turf managers might be able to alter their management practices to discourage this very problematic pest. Mr. Jeff Marvin (PhD) is using non-synthetic fungicides for the control of the most damaging turfgrass disease, dollar spot. He is also quantifying the effects of biological and synthetic products on the physiology of turfgrasses. Ms. Robin Landry (MS) is evaluating potential water conservation using Hydretain, which supposedly draws moisture from the atmosphere, making it available to plants. Mr. Bob Cross (MS) started in 2010 focusing on biology, management and control of herbicide-resistant biotypes of annual bluegrass (Poa annua). This is the worst winter weed on SC golf courses and disrupts turf play and uniformity. Compounding this are herbicide-resistant biotypes which obviously further complicates control options. Dr. McCarty is chair of Brinkley Robenson (non-thesis MS) with a special project determining maintenance cost comparison of creeping bentgrass, bermudagrass, and seashore paspalum as putting surfaces. This information would provide practical information for courses considering switching to one of these grasses to save money and resources. Mr. Brandon Stiglbauer (MS) finished his degree evaluating establishment practices for seashore paspalum and Diamond zoysiagrass and is employed as agriculture teacher at a SC high school. Other graduate student committees McCarty was on in 2010 include: Nick Menchyk (PhD), Frank Bethea (MS), Lindsay Arnold (MS non-thesis), and Philip Brown (PhD). Mr. Menchyk is focusing on liquid fertilizer use and efficiency of uptake. Mr. Bethea is investigating cuticle influences on foliar (liquid) fertilizer uptake. Mr. Brown is characterizing preferential flow in a golf green. Ms. Arnold completed her MS (non-thesis) in Agriculture Education. Other contributions towards improving Best Management Strategies for Turfgrasses in South Carolina, are listed in the Publications section. PARTICIPANTS: Graduate students: Ray Hubbard (PhD); Jeff Atkinson (MS) graduated in 2010, currently pursuing PhD; Jeff Marvin (PhD); Robin Landry (MS);Bob Cross (MS); Brinkley Robenson (non-thesis MS); Brandon Stiglbauer (MS); Nick Menchyk (PhD); Frank Bethea (MS); Lindsay Arnold (MS non-thesis); and Philip Brown (PhD). TARGET AUDIENCES: Golf course superintendents and other golf course management personnel. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
This information can assist managers in decision making for using the most effective and safe products and management decisions for various turfgrasses in the state. It eventually helps maintain an environment that is healthy, safe, and attractive. This information has allowed South Carolina to remain the number two golf destination state in the United States.

Publications

  • McCarty, B. 2009. International Turfgrass Society Snapshots: Part 1 (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green. 45(6):16-19.
  • McCarty, B. 2010. International Turfgrass Society Snapshots: Part 2 (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green. 46(1):13-15.
  • Baldwin, C.M., H. Liu, and L.B. McCarty. 2010. Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Winter Shade. Golf Course Management. 78(1):108-112.
  • Marvin, J., L.B. McCarty, S.B. Martin, H. Liu and J.E. Toler. 2009. Dollar Spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) Control Using Organic and Synthetic Fungicide Combinations. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, Pittsburg, PA. 101 (CD format). 173-7.
  • McCarty, B. 2010. International Turfgrass Society Snapshots: Part 3 (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green. 46(2):15-17.
  • McCarty, B. 2010. Straightening Out Water Release Curves - Part2 (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 46(3):15-17.
  • Park, D. and B. McCarty. 2010. What is in Your Water. Golf Course Industry 22(2):49-52.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Turf Out of Turf Guide - Part 2. Harrells Turf Tips 5:1-10.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Don't Guess - Know Your Soil Test. Georgia Sod Producers Association News. 19(2):4, 11.
  • McCarty, B. and G. Miller. 2010. Winter-Kill and Responding to it Now. Carolinas Golf Course Superintendents Association membership email, January 11, 2010.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Controlling One Grass in Another. SC Sod Producers Association Newsletter 7(4):3-7.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2010. Controlling Poa annua Utilizing a Program Approach. European Turfgrass Society Conference Proceedings. 2.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2010. Best Management Strategies for Turfgrasses in South Carolina 2010. USDA AD-421 Progress Report (CRIS): SC-1700299.
  • McCarty, L. B. and A. E. Estes. 2009. Turf and Weed Research Report 2010. Clemson University Environmental Horticulture Department. 720pp.
  • McCarty, L.B., A.G. Estes, and J. Gann. 2010. Preemergent and postemergent control of doveweed in C4 Grasses. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 63.
  • Baldwin, C.M., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, H. Luo, and J.E. Toler. 2009. Dormant Bermudagrass Spring Green-up Influenced by Shade. Inter. Turfgrass Society Research Journal 11:711-721.
  • Sarvis, W.G., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, and J.E. Toler. 2009. Performance of Poa trivialis as Overseeded Turf Under Shade Conditions. Inter. Turfgrass Society Research Journal 11:837-847.
  • Baldwin, C.M., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, H. Luo, C.E. Wells, and J.E. Toler. 2009. Impacts of Altered Light Spectral Quality on Warm-Season Turfgrass Growth under Greenhouse Conditions. Crop Science 49:1444-1453.
  • Stiglbauer, J.B., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, D.M. Park, J.E. Toler, and K. Kirk. 2009. 'Diamond' Zoysiagrass Putting Green Establishment Affected by Sprigging Rates, Nitrogen Sources, and Rates in the Southern Transition Zone. HortScience 44(6):1757-1761.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2010. Controlling Poa annua Utilizing a Program Approach. European Turfgrass Society Conference 2:124-126.
  • McCauley, R.K., L.B. McCarty, H. Liu, and J.E. Toler. 2009. Optimizing Overseed Spring Transition by Integrating Mowing Height, Nitrogen Rate and Sulfonylurea Herbicide Use. Inter. Turfgrass Society Research Journal 11:399-415.
  • Liu, H., T. Whitwell, D.C. Garrett, L.B. McCarty, S.B. Martin, J. Adelberg, J.E. Brown-Faust and C.M. Baldwin. 2009. Survey of Undergraduate Turf Education and the Internship Experience. Inter. Turfgrass Society Research Journal 11:607-617.
  • Polomski, R.F. 2010 Chapter 13: Turfgrass. South Carolina Nursery and Landscape Association CNP Study Manual.
  • Park, D. and L. McCarty. 2010. What is in Your Water Strategies for Evaluating Your Irrigation Water Quality. Golf Course Industry Magazine. February: 48-52.
  • McCarty, L.B. and R.F. Polomski. 2009. Home Lawn Management in South Carolina. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 687. 79pp.
  • McCarty, L. B. (ed.). 2010. Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers 2010. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699. 126pp.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2010. Weed Control 2010. pp. 55-84. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2010. Plant Growth Regulators for Fine Turf 2010. pp. 85-88. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2010. Plant Growth Regulators for Fine Turf 2010. pp. 85-88. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2010. Specialty Use Herbicide and PGR Common and Trade Names 2010. pp. 89-93. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2010. Activated Charcoal for Pesticide Deactivation 2010. pp. 94-95. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2010. Weed Control and Seedhead Suppression in Specialty Turf Areas Such as Roadsides, Industrial Sites, Fields, Common Areas 2010. pp. 96-108. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2010. Pesticide Calibration Formulas and Information 2010. pp. 115-117. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2010. Metric System Conversion Factors 2010. pp. 118-126. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • Totten, W., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, C.M. Baldwin, and J.E. Toler. 2009. Foliar vs. Granular Fertilization on Creeping Bentgrass. Golf Course Management. 77(10):74-80.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Prepared for Poa (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 45(4):17-19.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Sleuthing the Culprits Behind Winter-Kill (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 45(5):15-18.
  • Marvin, J.W., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2010. New Chemical Controls for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua). Proc. Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 63.
  • Estes, A.G. and L.B. McCarty. 2010. Preemergence annual bluegrass and crabgrass with indaziflam. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 63.
  • Landry, R.S., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2010. Preemergence control of Goosegrass in Bermudagrass. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 63.
  • Blanton, R.L., A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2010. Postemergence control of Purple Nutsedge in Turfgrass with Various Products. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 63.
  • McCarty, B., 2009. Turfgrass Plant Growth Regulators: A Future Perspective. Annual Meeting of the Plant Growth Regulation Society of America. 36.
  • McCarty, L. B. and F. Yelverton. 2010. Weed Control Workbook 2010. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 91pp.
  • Yelverton, F. and L. B. McCarty. 2010. Advanced Weed Management 2010. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 170pp.
  • McCarty, L.B. and S.B. Martin. 2010. Advanced Management of Ultradwarf bermudagrass golf greens 2010. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS, CD format.
  • McCarty, L.B. and S.B. Martin. 2010. Management of Creeping Bentgrass Golf Greens in Heat-stress Environments. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS, CD format.


Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The turfgrass industry in South Carolina contributes almost two billion dollars annually to the economy. Various methods of managing these turf installations to minimize inputs such as water, fertilizer, and pesticides is needed. Compounding this is the necessicity to build most golf greens in a predominant sand base to facilitate drainage and to reduce soil compaction. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this and related research is to develop best management practices for all turfgrasses grown in the southeastern USA. PARTICIPANTS: Graduate students: Ray Hubbard, Jeff Marvin, Jeff Atkinson, Jack Harrell,III, Nick Menchyk, Brandon Stigbauer, Gib Bethea, Brinkley Robinson, Lindsay Arnold, Ray McCauley, Greg Wilils, Kelsy Gorman, Jimmy Gann, Robin Landry. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
Graduate students investigating the above objectives: Ray Hubbard (PhD), evaluating drainage characteristics of new commercial products to help reduce costs compared to traditional techniques and need comparing. Jeff Marvin (PhD), investigating non-synthetic fungicides for the control of the most damaging turfgrass disease, dollar spot. He is also field evaluating genetically modified creeping bentgrass with a drought tolerant gene inserted. Jeff Atkinson (MS), evaluating shade tolerance of zoysiagrass on golf greens to enhance golf courses to attract additional players as zoysiagrass provides an alternative in shady environments. Jack Harrell, III (MS), using slow release nitrogen fertilizer sources which potentially save money in man hours, fuel costs, and equipment wear if a fertilizer can be applied only once annually, avoiding repeat applications. Additional graduate committees include: Nick Menchyk (PhD), Brandon Stigbauer (MS), Gib Bethea (MS), Brinkley Robinson (MS-nonthesis), and Lindsay Arnold (MS-nonthesis). Mr. Menchyk is focusing on liquid fertilizer use and efficiency of uptake. Mr. Stigbauer is investigating seashore paspalum as a desirable turf which can tolerate up to one-half strength seawater as an irrigation source, thus, potentially conserving fresh water. Mr. Bethea is investigating the interacting of leaf cuticles and uptake of various products with the objective of maximizing the effectiveness of these. Students graduated in 2009 include: Ray McCauley (MS) investigated the optimum combination of management practices to facilitate best transition from overseeded ryegrass back to the permanent bermudagrass base. His research demonstrated a three-prong approach was needed including lowering the mowing height to reduce shading competition from overseeded ryegrass, increasing nitrogen fertilization to promote desirable bermudagrass growth and incorporating a mid-May application of a sulfonylurea herbicide. He also was the first to demonstrate alleopathic properties of overseeded ryegrass on the permanent bermudagrass base. Greg Willis (MS) research dealt with long-term effects of using plant growth retardants on the architectural makeup of bermudagrass. No negative effect of long-term PGR use on bermudagrass golf greens was seen and actually improved some characteristics such as rooting structure and depth, darker greener shoot color, and decreased leaf texture (widths). Mr. Kelsy Gorman's (MS) investigated using salt laden water as an subsurface irrigation source for bermudagrass to possibly preserving this necessary natural resource. Two additional student started in 2009 under my direction. Mr. Jimmy Gann (MS) is investigating extent and length of impact of various cultural practices on golf greens with the intent to demonstrate necessary cultural practices such as aerification. Ms. Robin Landry (MS) is comparing various means of determining the satisfactory depth(s) needed to successfully "sand-cap" sports fields and golf course fairways so sporting events and golf outings can resume as soon as possible following heavy rainfall.

Publications

  • Baldwin, C.M., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, H. Luo, and J.E. Toler. 2009. Nitrogen and Plant Growth Regulator Influence on 'Champion' Bermudagrass Putting Green under Reduced Sunlight. Agronomy Journal 101 (1):75-81.
  • Baldwin, C.M., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, H. Luo, and J.E. Toler. 2008. Winter Foot and Equipment Traffic Impacts on a 'L93' Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green. HortScience 43(3):922-926.
  • Turgeon, A.J., L.B. McCarty, and N. Christians. 2009. Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • Christians, N., L.B. McCarty, and A.J. Turgeon. 2009. Unit One: Weeds of Turf and Ornamentals. pp. 1-2 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • Christians, N., L.B. McCarty, and A.J. Turgeon. 2009. Grasses and Grass-Like Weeds. pp. 3-16 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • Christians, N., L.B. McCarty, and A.J. Turgeon. 2009. Broadleaf Weeds. pp. 17-36 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • McCarty, L.B., N. Christians, and A.J. Turgeon. 2009. Weed Control in Landscapes and Nonturf Areas. pp. 194-278 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • Turgeon, A.J., L.B. McCarty, and N. Christians. 2009. Unit Two: Herbicides. pp. 37-45 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • Turgeon, A.J., L.B. McCarty, and N. Christians. 2009. Herbicides in the Plant. pp. 46-89 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • Turgeon, A.J., L.B. McCarty, and N. Christians. 2009. Herbicides in the Environment. pp. 90-99 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • McCarty, L.B., N. Christians, and A.J. Turgeon. 2009. Control of Turfgrass Weeds. pp. 119-178 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • McCarty, L.B., N. Christians, and A.J. Turgeon. 2009. Turfgrass Plant Growth Regulators. pp. 179-192 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • McCarty, L.B., N. Christians, and A.J. Turgeon. 2009. Appendix A - Common and Trade Names of Specialty-Use Herbicides and Plant-Growth Regulators. pp. 279-282 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • McCarty, L. B. (ed.). 2009. Pest Control Guidelines for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699. 123pp.
  • Turgeon, A.J., L.B. McCarty, and N. Christians. 2009. Herbicide Formulation and Application. pp. 100-116 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • McCarty, L.B., N. Christians, and A.J. Turgeon. 2009. Unit Three: Weed Control. pp. 117-118 In: Weed Control in Turf and Ornamentals. Prentice Hall - Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 300pp.
  • McCarty, L. B. and T. Whitwell. 2009. Weed Control. pp. 50-82. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. and T. Whitwell. 2009. Plant Growth Regulators for Fine Turf. pp. 83-91. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2009. Activated Charcoal for Pesticide Deactivation. pp. 92-93. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2009. Weed Control and Seedhead Suppression in Specialty Turf Areas Such as Roadsides, Industrial Sites, Fields, Common Areas. pp. 94-106. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2009. Pesticide Calibration Formulas and Information. pp. 113-115. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2009. Metric System Conversion. pp. 116-123. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • Park, D.M., L.B. McCarty, and S.A. White. 2009. Understanding Irrigation Water Quality Reports. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser.
  • McCarty, B. 2008. Seedheads Produce Growing Headache (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 44(4):13-14.
  • McCarty, B. 2008. Sizing Up Weapons in the Poa Battle (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 44(5):15-18.
  • McCarty, B. 2008. Taking a Hard Look at Sand-Capping (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green. 44(6):17-18.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Don't Guess, Know Your Soil Test (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 45(1):15-16.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Don't Guess, Know Your Tissue Test (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 45(2):17-18.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Straightening Out Water Release Curves (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 45(3):15-17.
  • Park, D. and B. McCarty. 2009. What's Really in Your Water (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 45(3):31.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Turf Out of Turf Guide. Harrells Turf Tips 5:1-10.
  • McCauley, R.K., B. McCarty, H. Liu, and J.E. Toler. 2008. Optimizing Spring Transition of Perennial Ryegrass. Golf Course Management 76(10):89-92.
  • McCarty, B. 2008. For Successful Control Know Your Poa annua. Golf Course Management 76(10):93-97.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. MAA Research Task Force Reaches Agreement with USEPA. SC Sod Producers Association Newsletter 6(1):7-8.
  • Blanton, R.L., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2009. Postemergence Annual Bluegrass Control and Preemergence Crabgrass Control with February Application. Proc. Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 49.
  • Marvin, J.W., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2009. Purple Nutsedge Control with Dismiss (Sulfentrazon). Proc. Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 49.
  • Estes, A.G. and L.B. McCarty. 2009. Annual Bluegrass Control in Overseeded Bermudagrass Fairways. Proc. Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 49.
  • McCauley, R.K., L. B. McCarty, H. Liu, and J. E. Toler. 2009. Alleopathic Properties of Overseeded Ryegrass on Bermudagrass Spring Greenup. Proc. Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 49.
  • Harrell, J.R., A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2009. Postemergence Control on Purple Nutsedge. Proc. Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 49.
  • Atkinson, J., and B. McCarty. 2009. Shade Tolerance of 'Diamond' Zoysiagrass Managed under Putting Green Conditions with the use of Trinexapac-ethyl. Proc. Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 49.
  • McCarty, L. B. and F. Yelverton. 2009. Weed Control Workbook 2009. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 91pp.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2008. Best Management Strategies for Turfgrasses in South Carolina. USDA AD-421 Progress Report (CRIS): SC-1700299.
  • Yelverton, F. and L. B. McCarty. 2009. Advanced Weed Management. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 170pp.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Turf Sod now Included in Disaster Assistance Trust Fund. SC Sod Producers Association Newsletter 6(2):7.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Control Bermudagrass in Sod Production. SC Sod Producers Association Newsletter 6(3):4-6.
  • McCarty, B. 2009. Bermudagrass Control Strategies in Sod Production. Georgia Sod Producers Association News. 19(1):11-17.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2008. Using Turfgrass Plant Growth Regulators. Proc. SIGRA International Turf Conference. Brazil 15pp.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2008. Managing Golf Course Putting Speeds. Proc. SIGRA International Turf Conference. Brazil 14pp.
  • McCarty, L.B. and S.B. Martin. 2009. Advanced Management of Ultradwarf bermudagrass golf greens. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS, CD format.
  • McCarty, L.B. and S.B. Martin. 2009. Management of Creeping Bentgrass Golf Greens in Heat-stress Environments 2009. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS, CD format.
  • McCarty, B. and J.B. Boyd. 2008. Advanced Weed Management and Control for Golf Courses. Carolinas Golf Course Superintendents Association, Liberty, SC. 50pp.
  • McCarty, L. B. and A. E. Estes. 2009. Turf and Weed Research Report 2009. Clemson University Horticulture Department. 660pp.


Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The turfgrass industry in South Carolina contributes almost two billion dollars annually to the economy. Various methods of managing these turf installations to minimize inputs such as water, fertilizer, and pesticides is needed. Compounding this is the necessicity to build most golf greens in a predominant sand base to facilitate drainage and to reduce soil compaction. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this and related research is to develop best management practices for all turfgrasses grown in the southeastern USA. Objectives of this project include: 1. Incorporate management practices such as plant growth retardants with mowing heights to encourage deeper, thus, more efficient rooting. 2. Explore the possibility of providing acceptable turf utilizing green and innovative drainage technology. 3. Evaluate new pest management products for efficacy and possible negative long-term effects on turf and its environment. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Graduate students investigating the above objectives for their thesis research include Mr. Ray Hubbard (PhD student) in the research area of drainage characteristics of various commercial products. Many new and unproven drain tile and drainage techniques have been introduced to help reduce costs compared to traditional techniques. However, little research has been conducted comparing these various options and Mr. Hubbard is currently designing and constructing the necessary structures for evaluating this. In addition, Mr. Ray McCauley is investigating the optimum combination of management practices to facilitate best transition from overseeded ryegrass back to the permanent bermudagrass base. This work stems from repeated problems of transitioning Death Valley football stadium at Clemson from the winter ryegrass overseeding back to the 419 bermudagrass base. Also, Mr. Jeff Marvin, a PhD student, is working on two major projects. The first is using non-synthetic fungicides for the control of the most damaging turfgrass disease, dollar spot. Mr. Marvin is also overseeing the field research portion of a genetically modified creeping bentgrass which has had a drought tolerant gene inserted. Mr. Jeff Atkinson, a MS student, is evaluating shade tolerance of a potential zoysiagrass used on golf greens. The biggest problem with growing bermudagrass is its inherent poor shade tolerance. This research should enhance the ability of golf courses to attract additional players as many courses have live oak trees which cannot be removed, thus, the zoysiagrass provides potential for these situations. Mr. Jack Harrell, III, another MS student is working on using slow release nitrogen fertilizer sources which potentially could save money in man hours, fuel costs, and equipment wear if a fertilizer can be applied only once annually, avoiding repeat applications as now practices. Greg Willis (MS) is investigating new and more efficient ways to control the most problematic weed in turf, annual bluegrass or Poa annua. Mr. Willis and McCauley will graduate in 2009. We are currently finalizing their research and plant of course work for their graduate careers. Other graduate student committees I'm on include: Nick Menchyk (PhD), Brandon Stigbauer (MS), and Kelsey Gorman (MS). Mr. Menchyk is focusing on liquid fertilizer use and efficiency of uptake. Mr. Stigbauer is investing the potential of using seashore paspalum as a desirable turf. Seashore paspalum can tolerate up to one-half strength seawater as an irrigation source, thus, potentially could help conserve fresh water. Mr. Gorman is investigating the potential use of salt laden water as an subsurface irrigation source for bermudagrass. Other contributions towards the improving Best Management Strategies for Turfgrasses in South Carolina, are listed in the Publications section. This information can assist managers in decision making for using the most effective and safe products and management decisions for various turfgrasses in the state. This information has allowed South Carolina to remain the number two golf destination state in the United States.

Publications

  • Ramey, Z.E. and B. McCarty. 2008. New options for crabgrass control. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 61.
  • Baldwin, C., Hong Luo, Haibo Liu, Lambert McCarty, Nihal Rajapakse, and Joe Toler. 2008. Genetic Engineering of Creeping Bentgrass for Enhanced Drought Tolerance. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN. 99 (CD format). 72-13
  • McCauley, R.K., Lambert B. McCarty, Haibo Liu, Joseph E. Toler, and Alan Estes. 2008. Optimum Spring Ryegrass Transition Using Cultural and Chemical Options. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 73-7.
  • Baldwin, C., Haibo Liu, Lambert McCarty, Nihal Rajapakse, Hong Luo, and Joe Toler. 2008. Chemical and Cultural Management Practices to Enhance Champion Bermudagrass Under Shade. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 74-8.
  • Gorman, K., Dara Park, Ken Stone, Lambert McCarty, and Haibo Liu. 2007. Construction of a Facility for Investigating Bermudagrass Response to Saline Water Delivered by a Subsurface Drip Irrigation System. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 74-459.
  • Sarvis, W., Haibo Liu, Lambert McCarty, Bill Bauerle, and Joe Toler. 2007. Crenshaw Creeping Bentgrass Green Responses to Various Levels of Liquid or Granular Potassium. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 167-1.
  • Sarvis, W., Haibo Liu, Lambert McCarty, Bill Bauerle, and Joe Toler. 2007. L-93 Creeping Bentgrass Responses to Various Levels of Potassium and Wetting Agents. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 171-2.
  • Baldwin, C., Haibo Liu, Nihal Rajapakse, Lambert McCarty, Hong Luo, and Joe Toler. 2007. Altered Light Spectral Qualities Impacts on Warm-Season Turfgrass Growth and Development. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 268-20.
  • Baldwin, C., Haibo Liu, Nihal Rajapakse, Lambert McCarty, Hong Luo, and Joe Toler. 2007. Winter Cultural Practices and Shade Impacts on Tifeagle Bermudagrass Spring-Green up. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 268-21.
  • Baldwin, C., Haibo Liu, Nihal Rajapakse, Lambert McCarty, Hong Luo, and Joe Toler. 2007. Dormant Bermudagrass Sod Establishment and Spring Green-up Influenced by Shade. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 268-22.
  • Baldwin, C., Haibo Liu, Lambert McCarty, Nihal Rajapakse, Hong Luo, and Joe Toler. 2007. Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of 42 Bermudagrass Cultivars. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 268-23.
  • Estes, A. and Lambert McCarty. 2007. Potential Dallisgrass Control Options. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 337-1.
  • Liu, H., Lambert McCarty, Williams Sarvis, and Christian Baldwin, 2007. Managing Mini-Verde Bermudagrass Putting Green with Variable Topdressing and PGR. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 337-10.
  • Haibo Liu, Lambert McCarty, Williams Sarvis, Christian Baldwin, and Steven Long. 2007. Comparison of Bermudagrass Green Winter Painting and Overseeding. ASA/CSSA/SSSA International Annual Meeting, New Orleans, IN. 99 (CD format). 337-11.
  • Baldwin, C.M., H. Liu, and L.B. McCarty. 2007. Diversity of 42 bermudagrass cultivars in a reduced light environment. 2nd International Conference ISHS on Turfgrass Science and Management for Sports Fields. Beijing, China.
  • Liu, H., C.M. Baldwin, F.W. Totten, and L.B. McCarty. 2007. Foliar fertilization for turfgrasses. 2nd International Conference ISHS on Turfgrass Science and Management for Sports Fields. Beijing, China.
  • McCarty, L. B. (ed.). 2008. Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699. 112pp.
  • McCarty, L.B., M.F. Gregg, and J.E. Toler. 2007. Thatch and mat management in an established creeping bentgrass golf green. Agronomy Journal 99:1530-1537.
  • Baldwin, C.M., H. Liu, and L.B. McCarty. 2008. Diversity of 42 bermudagrass cultivars in a reduced light environment. II International Conference on Turfgrass Science and Management for Sports Field. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 783:147-158.
  • Liu, J., C.M. Baldwin, F.W. Totten, and L. B. McCarty. 2008. Foliar fertilization for turfgrasses. II International Conference on Turfgrass Science and Management for Sports Fields. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 783:323-332.
  • Totten, F.W. H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, C.M. Baldwin, D.G. Bielenberg, and J.E. Toler. 2008. Efficiency of foliar versus granular fertilization: A field study of creeping bentgrass performance. Journal of Plant Nutrition 31:972-982.
  • McCauley, R.K., L.B. McCarty, H.Liu, J.E. Toler, and A.G. Estes. 2008. Optimum spring ryegrass transition using cultural and chemical options. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 61.
  • Blanton, R.L., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2008. Preemergence and postemergence control of goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in bermudagrass turf. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 61.
  • Marvin, J.W., A. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2008. Purple nutsedge control in bermudagrass. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 61.
  • Estes, A.G., R.L. Blanton, and L.B. McCarty. 2008. Alternative dallisgrass control options. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 61.
  • McCarty, L. B. and T. Whitwell. 2008. Weed Control for Commercial Turfgrass Producers. pp. 37-70. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. and T. Whitwell. 2008. Plant Growth Regulators for Commercial Turf. pp. 71-75. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2008. Deactivating Pesticides Using Activated Charcoal. pp. 81-82. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2008. Calibration Information and Formulas. pp. 101-103. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2008. English and Metric System Conversion Factors. pp. 104-111. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • Polomski, B. and B. McCarty. 2007. Turfgrass Establishment and Management. pp449-526. In: R. Polomski (ed.). The South Carolina Master Gardener Training Manual. Clemson University PSA. EC678.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. Applying a microscope to herbicide resistance (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 43(4):11-12.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. Golf course Poa annua control considerations in non-overseeded turf. Harrells Turf Tips 4:1-2.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. Golf course Poa annua control considerations in overseeded turf. Harrells Turf Tips 4:3-4.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. A plan to relieve Poa pressure (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 43(5):13-16.
  • McCarty, L.B., M.F. Gregg, and J.E. Toler. 2007. Controlling thatch in bentgrass golf greens. Research & Industry Highlights. Crop, Soils, Agronomy News 52(11):8.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. Bentgrass survival: The 10 commandments (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green. 43(6):11-13.
  • Liu, H., B. McCarty, C.M. Baldwin, W.G. Sarvis, and S.H. Long. 2007. Painting dormant bermudagrass putting greens. Golf Course Management 75(11):86-91.
  • McCarty, B. 2008. Taking a look at the new product parade (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 44(1):13-14.
  • McCarty, B. 2008. Bermudagrass needs in the Carolinas (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green 44(2):9-11.
  • Baldwin, C.M., H. Liu, B. McCarty, and S.H. Long. 2008. Impact of winter traffic on creeping bentgrass. Golf Course Management 75(3):125-128.
  • McCarty, B. and A. Canegallo. 2008. Claves para manejar greens de pasto Bermuda ultra enana. Novedades. Asociacion Argentina De Golf:1-11.
  • Liu, H., L.B. McCarty, C.M. Baldwin, W.G. Sarvis, and S.H. Long. 2008. Painting dormant bermudagrass putting greens. Golf Course Management 75(11): 86-91.
  • McCarty, L.B., J.W. Everest, D.W. Hall, T.R. Murphy, and F. Yelverton. 2008. Color Atlas of Turfgrass Weeds (2nd ed.). Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 423pp.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2008. Weed Control and Seedhead Suppression in Commercial Turf Areas Such as Roadsides, Industrial Sites, Fields, Common Areas. pp. 83-96. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L.B., J.W. Everest, D.W. Hall, T.R. Murphy, and F. Yelverton. 2008. Introduction. pp. 1-12 In: Color Atlas of Turfgrass Weeds (2nd ed.). Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B., J.W. Everest, D.W. Hall, T.R. Murphy, and F. Yelverton. 2008. Grass and Grasslike Plants. pp. 13-128 In: Color Atlas of Turfgrass Weeds (2nd ed.). Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ.
  • McCarty, L.B., J.W. Everest, D.W. Hall, T.R. Murphy, and F. Yelverton. 2008. Broadleaf Plants. pp. 129-366 In: Color Atlas of Turfgrass Weeds (2nd ed.). Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ.
  • McCarty, L. B. and F. Yelverton. 2008. Introductory Weed Control Workbook. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 91pp.
  • Yelverton, F. and L. B. McCarty. 2008. Advanced Weed Management Workbook. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 170pp.
  • McCarty, L.B. and S.B. Martin. 2008. Advanced Management of bermudagrass golf greens. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS, CD format.
  • McCarty, L.B. and S.B. Martin. 2008. Management of creeping bentgrass golf greens in heat-stress environments. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS, CD format.
  • McCarty, L. B. and A. E. Estes. 2008. Turf and Weed Research Report. Clemson University Horticulture Department. 660pp.


Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07

Outputs
The turfgrass industry in South Carolina contributes almost two billion dollars annually to the economy. Various methods of managing these turf installations to minimize inputs such as water, fertilizer, and pesticides is needed. Compounding this is the necessicity to build most golf greens in a predominant sand base to facilitate drainage and to reduce soil compaction. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this and related research is to develop best management practices for all turfgrasses grown in the southeastern USA. Objectives of this project include: 1. Incorporate management practices such as plant growth retardants with mowing heights to encourage deeper, thus, more efficient rooting. 2. Explore the possibility of providing acceptable turf utilizing green and innovative drainage technology. 3. Evaluate new pest management products for efficacy and possible negative long-term effects on turf and its environment. Graduate students investigating the above objectives for their thesis research include Mr. Ray Hubbard (PhD student) in the research area of drainage characteristics of various commercial products. Many new and unproven drain tile and drainage techniques have been introduced to help reduce costs compared to traditional techniques. However, little research has been conducted comparing these various options and Mr. Hubbard is currently designing and constructing the necessary structures for evaluating this. In addition, Mr. Ray McCauley is investigating the optimum combination of management practices to facilitate best transition from overseeded ryegrass back to the permanent bermudagrass base. This work stems from repeated problems of transitioning Death Valley football stadium at Clemson from the winter ryegrass overseeding back to the 419 bermudagrass base. New graduate students in 2007 included: Mr. Jeff Marvin, a PhD student, Mr. Zach Ramey, a MS student, and Mr. Jack Harrell, III, another MS student. We are currently finalizing their research and plant of course work for their graduate careers. Other graduate student committees I'm on include: Christian Baldwin (PhD) who is investigation sunlight requirements of bentgrass grown in SC and Bud Sarvis (MS) who is investigating the long-term effects of various rates and formulations of potassium for increasing summer stress tolerance of creeping bentgrass, a C3 grass grown in SC on putting greens. Other contributions towards the improving Best Management Strategies for Turfgrasses in South Carolina, are listed in the Publications section.

Impacts
This information can assist managers in decision making for using the most effective and safe products and management decisions for various turfgrasses in the state. It eventually helps maintain an environment that is healthy, safe, and attractive. This information has allowed South Carolina to remain the number two golf destination state in the United States.

Publications

  • McCarty, L. B. and T. Whitwell. 2007. Weed Control. pp. 37-69. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Guidelines for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. and T. Whitwell. 2007. Plant Growth Regulators for Fine Turf. pp. 70-74. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Guidelines for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2007. Activated Charcoal for Pesticide Deactivation. pp. 80-81. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Guidelines for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L.B. and A.G. Estes. 2007. Alternative Dallisgrass control options without organic arsenicals. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 60.
  • McCauley, R.K., L.B. McCarty, and A.G. Estes. 2007. Annual bluegrass control using various preemergent and postemergent herbicides. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 60.
  • Totten, F.W., L.B. McCarty, J.E. Toler, and J.K. Higingbottom. 2007. An evaluation of plant growth regulator usage on G-2 creeping bentgrass. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 60.
  • McCarty, L. B. and F. Yelverton. 2007. Weed Control Workbook. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 91pp.
  • Yelverton, F. and L. B. McCarty. 2007. Advanced Weed Management. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 170pp.
  • McCarty, L.B. and S.B. Martin. 2007. Advanced Management of Ultradwarf bermudagrass golf greens. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS, CD format.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. Advanced Weed Management and Control for Golf Courses. Carolinas Golf Course Superintendents Association, Liberty, SC. 50pp.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2006. Pest Control Guidelines for Professional Turfgrass Managers. USDA AD-421 Progress Report (CRIS): SC-1000595/0181870.
  • McCarty, L.B. 2006. Best Management Strategies for Turfgrasses in South Carolina. USDA AD-421 Progress Report (CRIS): SC-1700299.
  • McCarty, L. B., A. E. Estes, and J. H. Higingbottom. 2007. Turf, Weed, and Other Research Report. Clemson University Horticulture Department. 541pp (CD format):
  • McCarty, L. B. (ed.). 2007. Pest Control Guidelines for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699. 111pp.
  • Cox, C.J., L.B. McCarty, J.E. Toler, S.A. Lewis, and S.B. Martin. 2007. Suppressing sting nematodes with Brassica sp., Poinsettia, and spotted spurge extracts. Agronomy Journal 98(4):962-967.
  • McCullough, P.E., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, T. Whitwell, and J.E. Toler. 2007. Bermudagrass putting green growth, color, and nutrient partitioning influenced by nitrogen and trinexapac-ethyl. Crop Science 46(4):1515-1525.
  • Totten, F.W., J.E. Toler, and L.B. McCarty. 2007. Tifway bermudagrass growth regulation with the use of trinexapac-ethyl and flurprimidol. Weed Technology 20(3):702-705.
  • Toler, J.E., T.G. Willis, A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2007. Postemergent annual bluegrass control in dormant nonoverseeded bermudagrass turf. HortScience 42 (3):670-672.
  • McCullough, P.E., T. Whitwell, L. B. McCarty, and H. Liu. 2007. Dwarf bermudagrass tolerance to preemergence herbicides. HortScience 42(3):673-677.
  • Toler, J.E., J.K. Higingbottom, and L.B. McCarty. 2007 Influence of fertility and mowing height on performance of established centipededgrass. HortScience 42(3):678-681.
  • McCarty, L.B., D.M. Park, K. Gorman, H. Liu, and K. Stone. 2007. Constructing a Facility for Investigating Bermudagrass Response to Alternative Water Sources Delivered by a Subsurface Drip Irrigation System. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA.
  • Estes, A.G. and L. B. McCarty. 2007. Postemergence goosegrass control using Dismiss. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 60.
  • Hubbard, L.R., A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2007. New options for purple nutsedge control in bermudagrass turf. Proc. Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting. 60.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2007. Weed Control and Seedhead Suppression in Specialty Turf Areas Such as Roadsides, Industrial Sites, Fields, Common Areas. pp. 82-95. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Guidelines for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2007. Pesticide Calibration Formulas and Information. pp. 100-102. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Guidelines for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2007. Metric System Conversion Factors. pp. 103-110. in L. B. McCarty (ed). Pest Control Guidelines for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Clemson University Coop. Ext. Ser. EC 699.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. MSMA & Turf, Are we Being Scalped? (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green. 43(1):9-11.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. Straightening Out Bentgrass Stress (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green. 43(2):11-13.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. Aerification: The Hole Story (Turf Talk). Carolinas Green. 43(3):11-12.
  • McCarty, B. 2006. MSMA, Keep Your Fingers Crossed. SC Sod Producers Association Newsletter 4:2-3.
  • McCarty, B. 2007. Field Day for Poa annua Control. SC Sod Producers Association Newsletter 1:2
  • McCarty, B. 2007. MSMA Cancellation, The Fat Lady Has Not Sung Yet. SC Sod Producers Association Newsletter 1:3.


Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06

Outputs
The turfgrass industry in SC contributes almost two billion dollars annually to the economy. Various methods of managing these turf installations to minimize inputs such as water, fertilizer, and pesticides is needed. Compounding this is the necessicity to build most golf greens in a predominant sand base to facilitate drainage and to reduce soil compaction. OBJECTIVES: Objectives of this project include: Evaluate long term field performance of various new drainage techniques for efficacy and costs. Incorporate management practices such as plant growth retardants with mowing heights to encourage deeper, thus, more efficient rooting. To explore the possibility of using plant extracts for biocontrol of turfgrass pests such as nematodes. Compare the uptake efficiencies and long-term effects of foliar versus granular nitrogen fertilizers and the effects of heat-stress environments on turf performance, and Evaluate new pest management products for efficacy and possible negative long-term effects on turf and its environment. Three graduate students are currently or finished investigating the above objectives. Wes Totten (PhD) investigated the efficiency of foliar versus root absorbed nitrogen on long-term health and vigor of turfgrasses. The student determined which method of fertilization (a combination of foliar & granular forms vs. either alone) provides the most robust plants that withstands environmental stresses and pest pressures. Dr. Totten graduated in 2006 and is employed as an Assistant Professor at the University of Tennessee, Martin. Mr. Gregg Willis (MS student) is investigating the long-term effects of plant growth retardants (PGRs) on the quality and rooting of TifEagle bermuagrass golf green. PGRs help regulate growth, especially during periods of accelerated or restricted growth, thus, provide a more desirable playing surface. Mr. Ray Hubbard (PhD student) is continuing his research in the area of drainage characteristics of various commercial products. Many new and unproven drain tile and drainage techniques have been introduced to help reduce costs compared to traditional techniques. He is currently designing and constructing the necessary structures for evaluating these. Mr. Ray McCauley initiated a MS program in 2006 investigating the optimum combination of management practices to facilitate best transition from overseeded ryegrass back to the permanent bermudagrass base. This work stems from repeated problems of transitioning Death Valley football stadium at Clemson from the winter ryegrass overseeding back to the 419 bermudagrass base. Other graduate student committees I'm on include: Christian Baldwin (PhD) who is investigation sunlight requirements of bentgrass grown in SC and Steven Long (MS) who is investigating the possibility of painting dormant bermudagrass instead of overseeding during winter to retain desirable green color. Mr. Long graduated in December, 2006 with his MS degree and is employed near Florence as the management of a major sod production operation. Other contributions towards the improving Best Management Strategies for Turfgrasses in South Carolina, are listed in the Publications section.

Impacts
This information can assist managers in decision making for using the most effective and safe products and management decisions for various turfgrasses in the state. It eventually helps maintain an environment that is healthy, safe, and attractive. This information has allowed South Carolina to remain the number two golf destination state in the United States.

Publications

  • McCarty, L. B., A. E. Estes, and J. H. Higingbottom. 2006. Turf and Weed Research Report. Clemson University Horticulture Department. 543pp (CD format).:
  • McCarty, B. 2006. Management Strategies for Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Golf Greens. Proceeding to SIGRA III Conference, Botucatu, Brazil.
  • Totten, W. and B. McCarty. 2006. Bentgrass PGR Study. Clemson University Mini-Poa Control Field Day. Upstate Turfgrass Association, Clemson, SC.
  • Totten, W. and B. McCarty. 2006. Bentgrass Foliar Fertilizer Study. Clemson University Mini-Poa Control Field Day. Upstate Turfgrass Association, Clemson, SC.
  • Estes, A. and B. McCarty. 2006. Poa Control in Non-overseeded Bermduagrass. Clemson University Mini-Poa Control Field Day. Upstate Turfgrass Association, Clemson, SC.
  • Willis, G. and B. McCarty. 2006. Bentgrass PGR Study. Clemson University Mini-Poa Control Field Day. Upstate Turfgrass Association, Clemson, SC.
  • McCauley, R. and B. McCarty. 2006. PGR Effects on Overseeded TifEagle Bermudagrass. Clemson University Mini-Poa Control Field Day. Upstate Turfgrass Association, Clemson, SC.
  • McCullough, P.E., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, T. Whitwell, and J.E. Toler. 2006. Growth and Nutrient Partitioning of TifEagle Bermudagrass as Influenced by Nitrogen and Trinexapac-ethyl. HortScience 41(2):453-458.
  • McCullough, P.E., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, and J.E. Toler. 2006. Ethephon and Trinexapac-ethyl Influence Creeping Bentgrass Growth, Quality, and Putting Green Performance. Applied Turfgrass Science. March (on-line).
  • McCullough, P.E., H. Liu, L.B. McCarty, T. Whitwell, and J.E. Toler. 2006. Nutrient Allocation of TifEagle Bermudagrass as Influenced by Trinexapac-ethyl. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 29:273-282.
  • McCarty, L. B. and F. Yelverton. 2006. Weed Control Monograph. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 91pp.
  • Yelverton, F. and L. B. McCarty. 2006. Advanced Weed Management Monograph. Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. Lawrence, KS. 170pp..
  • McCarty, B. 2006. Advanced Weed Management and Control for Golf Courses Monograph. Carolinas Golf Course Superintendents Association, Liberty, SC. 50pp.
  • McCarty, B., and B. Martin. 2006. Advanced Management of Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Golf Greens Monograph. Golf Course Sueprintendents Assoication of America
  • Liu, H, L. B. McCarty, F.W. Totten, and C. Baldwin. 2006. Best Foliar Nitrogen Fertilization Practices to Enhance Turf Quality, Rooting, and Growth of TifEagle Bermudagrass and L-93 Bentgrass Golf Greens. CGCSA and GCSAA. Progress Report: pp. 1-10.
  • McCarty, L. B. 2006. Pest Control Recommendations for Professional Turfgrass Managers. USDA AD-421 Progress Report (CRIS): SC-1000595/0181870.
  • Estes, A. and B. McCarty. 2006. PRE Poa Control in Overseeded Ryegrass Fairway. Clemson University Mini-Poa Control Field Day. Upstate Turfgrass Association, Clemson, SC.
  • Higingbottom, J. and B. McCarty. 2006. POST Poa Control in Overseeded Ryegrass Fairway. Clemson University Mini-Poa Control Field Day. Upstate Turfgrass Association, Clemson, SC.
  • McCauley, R. and B. McCarty. 2006. POST Clumpy Ryegrass Control. Clemson University Mini-Poa Control Field Day. Upstate Turfgrass Association, Clemson, SC.
  • Willis, G., A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2006. Postemergent Control of Poa annua in Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens. Southern Weed Science Society 59th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.
  • Totten, F.W., J. Toler, and L.B. McCarty. 2006. PGR Evaluation on G-2 Creeping Bentgrass. Southern Weed Science Society 59th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.
  • McCarty, B. 2006. Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Turf. Symposium: Weed Management in Turf with Sulfonylurea Herbicides. Southern Weed Science Society 59th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.
  • Estes, A.G. and L.B. McCarty. 2006. Dollarweed and Virginia Buttonweed Control in Bermudagrass Turf with Various Postemergent Herbicides. Southern Weed Science Society 59th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.
  • Hubbard, L.R., A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2006 Revolver and MSMA for Dallisgrass Control in Bermudagrass Turf. Southern Weed Science Society 59th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.
  • Higingbotton, J.K., A.G. Estes, and L.B. McCarty. 2006 Weed Control on South Carolina Highway Right-of-Ways. Southern Weed Science Society 59th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.