Progress 07/01/06 to 06/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Approximately 10,000 species of insects occur in South Carolina. This diversity is so great that genus-level and species-level identification is a challenge that requires (1) an extensive reference collection of specimens that have been identified by acknowledged experts, (2) a substantial library of descriptive and diagnostic literature, and (3) sufficient expertise to use these resources effectively. Even family-level identification requires considerable professional training and experience. Approximately 1500 identifications were performed for SC citizens during the project period, the data entered into the Clemson University Arthropod Collection (CUAC) database, and the specimens deposited into the CUAC. Approximately 3600 children and adults participated in about 120 presentations concerning demonstration specimens from the CUAC. Fourteen 2-week workshops concerning identification of aquatic insects and their use in monitoring water quality were provided in India, Iraq, Mongolia, Poland, and the USA to participants consisting mainly of water quality monitoring professionals and university students; participants in these workshops were provided not only lectures, field sampling instruction and experience, and laboratory identification experience, but also comprehensive notebooks of supplementary materials and references and, in some cases, field and laboratory equipment and supplies needed to monitor water quality. The 2007 Southern Plant Diagnostic Workshop on "Invasive Pest Arthropods" was hosted at Clemson University with about 75 southeastern participants. "Don't Bug Me" competitions were organized and judged for SC junior high school and SC high school science Olympiad events at Newberry College. Thirty invitational presentations concerning insect biodiversity were provided at professional and lay venues in China, Iraq, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, and the USA. Eighteen scientific research presentations on insect biodiversity were provided in professional meetings in Japan, Russia, and the USA. In addition, identification services for the principal investigator's specialty group, caddisflies (Trichoptera, resulting from continuing research on caddisfly systematics regionally and globally), were provided for reciprocal services from colleagues nationally who specialize in other insect groups. A half-time Collections Manager and half-time Arthropod Diagnostician, Dr. Ian Stocks, managed the Clemson University Arthropod Collection (CUAC, reference collection and library) and provided identification services for South Carolina citizens during 1 July 2009-31 December 2010. During the project period before and after that time, these functions were not performed (1 January-15 August 2011) or were performed by a federal work-study student (Ms. Susan James, 15 September 2011-30 April 2012) and Graduate Research Assistants in the Clemson University Entomology Graduate Program (Mr. Stocks 1 July 2006-30 June 2009, Ms. Audrey Harrison 15 August 2011-30 April 2011, and Ms. Oyunchuluun Yadamsuren 1 May 2012-30 June 2012). These persons also assisted or led many of the presentations and demonstrations for visiting children and adults in the CUAC. PARTICIPANTS: The main individuals who worked on the project included the following: Y.J. Bae, M. Bagley, M.E. Benbow, Z.L. Burington, D.W. Carnagey, G. Chuluunbaatar, S. Chuluunbat, G.W. Courtney, B.R. Creutzburg, J.H. Epler, S. Fend, L.C. Ferrington, O.S. Flint, J. Gelhaus, C.J. Geraci, J. Glover, S.C. Harris, A. Harrison, P.L. Hartzell, C.P. Hawkins, B. Hayford, A.C. Hodges, R.W. Holzenthal, J. Hudson, J.M. Hur, S. Jackson, L.M. Jacobus, K.M. Kjer, B.C. Kondratieff, D.P. Larsen, J.A.L. Lessard, C.A. Levesque, K. Majecka, J. Majecki, J.V. McArthur, W.P. McCafferty, J.C. Morse, G. Munkhjargal, N.N. Naryshkina, C.R. Nelson, C.R. Parker, M.J. Petersen, M.E. Pfrender, A.L. Prather, N.A. Rozhkova, D. Ruiter, N. Sangpradub, D. Schindel, I.C. Stocks, C.H. Sun, K. Tanida, J. Townes, T.S. Vshivkova, B. Wang, M.D. Wesener, M Whiting, O. Yadamsuren, L.F. Yang, C.M. Yule, H. Zhong, L. Zhou, X. Zhou. These collaborators represent 47 different organizations, but among these the most important partner organizations have been the the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University (formerly Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia), Clemson University Plant Problem Clinic, Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service, S.C. Department of Health & Environmental Control, U.S. Department of the Interior, the Institute for Biology and Soil Science of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Lodz University (Poland), Nanjing Agricultural University (PR China), Rutgers University, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Minnesota, University of Seoul (S. Korea), and Utah State University. Professional development opportunities provided by the project included scientific and professional meetings with the Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities (formerly National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges), the Carolinas Area Benthologists Workshops, Entomology Society of America, the Society for Freshwater Science (formerly North American Benthological Society), and Southern Plant Diagnostic Network. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audiences for this project included citizens of South Carolina concerned about arthropod pests in their homes and surroundings and commercial enterprises concerned about arthropod pests on various economically important plants. SC citizens of all ages with an interest in arthropod biodiversity were a major target of this project. Southeastern professional arthropod diagnosticians concerned about invasive arthropod species were helped in their responsibilities. In addition, related to the research expertise of J.C. Morse, professional freshwater biologists and students in that career track in North American and Asia were a principal audience, along with practicing caddisfly taxonomists globally. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: A major emphasis on protecting, organizing, building, digitizing, and using the Clemson University Arthropod Collection grew out of this project. The CUAC is being recognized more and more as a significant state, regional, and international reference resource in need of professional care and use. Consequently, efforts are being made to employ a full-time Collections Manager and a full-time Arthropod Diagnostician to undertake these responsibilities and a faculty supervisor to promote reliable financial support for the Collection, among other, related responsibilities.
Impacts
Citizens of South Carolina were able to control pest arthropods in their homes and surroundings and arthropod pests in their crops, golf courses, greenhouses and other commercial plant operations as a result of identifications provided by this project. Participants in tours and members of other audiences learned about insects in ways that enriched their understanding of these animals and equipped them to manage arthropod pests and protect valuable habitats. The young people in SC Science Olympiad events improved their knowledge of insect identification. Professional and student freshwater biologists and water quality staff in the Carolinas, the Southeast, North America, India, Iraq, Poland, and Mongolia learned more about identification and ecology of aquatic insects, equipping them to use them more effectively to monitor water quality. The workshop sponsored by the Southern Plant Diagnostic Network at Clemson University equipped 75 participants from throughout the Southeast to anticipate and manage a large variety of arthropod pests of economic concern presently or potentially invading our region from other regions and continents. Forty-nine species of caddisflies new for science were described and named from North America and Asia in families Apataniidae (1 in the genus Manophylax), Glossosomatidae (1-Glossosoma), Hydropsychidae (4-Cheumatopsyche, Parapsyche), Hydroptilidae (6-Orthotrichia), Leptoceridae (2-Oecetis, Triaenodes), Philopotamidae (1-Kisaura), Prhyganeidae (1-Agrypnia), Polycentropodidae (33-Nyctiophylax, Plectrocnemia, Polyplectropus), and Psychomyiidae (1-Psychomyia). Phylogenetic analyses led to the description and naming of 2 new subfamilies, 3 new tribes, and 2 new subtribes of Limnephilidae and to the refinement of the classification of caddisfly orders and families. Significant advances were made in the use of DNA sequences to delineate species and to associate different life-history forms of arthropods. Overviews of aquatic insect and Trichoptera biology, classification, diversity, and identification were published in popular reference resources. Freshwater insect species of conservation concern were discussed along with the threats to their survival. Several new distributional records were reported and a major on-going effort to catalogue and make accessible on the worldwide web all of the world's species of caddisflies and their distributions has become one of the most frequently cited references in trichopterology.
Publications
- Morse, J.C. 2009. Macroinvertebrates as sentinels in freshwater biomonitoring. Pp. 171-173 in Priroda bez granits: Materiali III Mejdunarodnogo ekologicheskogo Foruma, Valdivostok, 12-13 Noyabrya 2008. Administratsiya Primorskogo Kraya, izd-vo Dalnyevost. un-ta, 2009. 477 pp.
- Morse, J.C. 2009. Chapter 8: Biodiversity of aquatic insects. Pp. 165-184 in R.G. Foottit and P.H. Adler, editors, Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, United Kingdom. 632 pp.
- Morse, J.C., and R.W. Holzenthal. 2008. Trichoptera genera. Chapter 18, pp. 481-569, in R.W. Merritt, K.W. Cummins, and M.B. Berg, editors, An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America, Fourth Edition. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa. 1158 pp.
- Zhong, H, L. Yang, and J.C. Morse. 2008. Six new species of the genus Polyplectropus (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) from China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 33(3): 600-607.
- Majecka, K., J. Majecki, & J. Morse (Eds.). 2011. Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Zoosymposia 5. 512 pp. http://www.mapress.com/zoosymposia/content/2011/v5/index.htm
- Pfrender, M.E., C.P. Hawkins, M Bagley, G.W. Courtney, B.R. Creutzburg, J.H. Epler, S. Fend, L.C. Ferrington, Jr., P.L. Hartzell, S. Jackson, D.P. Larsen, C.A. Levesque, J.C. Morse, M.J. Petersen, D. Ruiter, D. Schindel, & M Whiting. 2010. Assessing macroinvertebrate biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems: Advances and challenges in DNA-based approaches. The Quarterly Review of Biology 85(3): 319-340.
- Chuluunbat, S., Chuluunbaatar, G., & J.C. Morse. 2010. A redescription of Apatania mongolica Martynov, 1914 (Trichoptera: Apataniidae), based on materials from southern Mongolia. Mongolian Journal of Biological Sciences 8(1): 3-8.
- Zhou, L., L.-F. Yang, & J.C. Morse. 2010. Six new species and 1 new species record of Orthotrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from China. Zootaxa 2560: 29-41.
- Geraci, C.J., X. Zhou, J.C. Morse, & K.M. Kjer. 2010. Defining the genus Hydropsyche (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) based on DNA and morphological evidence. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 29(3): 918-933.
- Geraci, C.J., and J.C. Morse. 2008. New species of Cheumatopsyche (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 84(1): 1-8.
- Chuluunbat, S., and J.C. Morse. 2007. Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of Selenge River Basin, Mongolia. Pp. 51-57 in J. Bueno-Soria, R. Narba-Alvarez, and B. Armitage, editors, Proceedings of the XIIth International Symposium on Trichoptera, June 18-22, 2006, The Caddis Press, Columbus, Ohio. xii + 378 pp.
- Morse, J.C., and S. Chuluunbat. 2007. Skating caddisflies of Mongolia. Pp. 219-227 in J. Bueno-Soria, R. Narba-Alvarez, and B. Armitage, editors, Proceedings of the XIIth International Symposium on Trichoptera, June 18-22, 2006, The Caddis Press, Columbus, Ohio. xii + 378 pp.
- Vshivkova, T.S., J.C. Morse, and D. Ruiter. 2007. Phylogeny of Limnephilidae and composition of the genus Limnephilus (Limnephilidae: Limnephilinae, Limnephilini). Pp. 309-319 in J. Bueno-Soria, R. Narba-Alvarez, and B. Armitage, editors, Proceedings of the XIIth International Symposium on Trichoptera, June 18-22, 2006, The Caddis Press, Columbus, Ohio. xii + 378 pp.
- Vshivkova, T.S., I.C. Stocks, J.C. Morse, and N.N. Naryshkina. 2007. Some morphological characters useful for phylogenetic study of caddisflies: Le spinules, sensilla, spurs, and spines. Pp. 321-334 in J. Bueno-Soria, R. Narba-Alvarez, and B. Armitage, editors, Proceedings of the XIIth International Symposium on Trichoptera, June 18-22, 2006, The Caddis Press, Columbus, Ohio. xii + 378 pp.
- Zhou, X., K.M. Kjer, and J.C. Morse. 2007. An introduction to the species delimitation, larval-adult association of Chinese Hydropsychidae using independent DNA sequences and adult morphology. Pp. 355-368 in J. Bueno-Soria, R. Narba-Alvarez, and B. Armitage, editors, Proceedings of the XIIth International Symposium on Trichoptera, June 18-22, 2006, The Caddis Press, Columbus, Ohio. xii + 378 pp.
- Morse, J.C., and R.W. Holzenthal. 2007. Trichoptera genera. Chapter 18, pp. 481-552, in R.W. Merritt, K.W. Cummins, and M.B. Berg, editors, An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America, Fourth Edition. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa. 1158 pp.
- Parker, C.R., O.S. Flint Jr., L.M. Jacobus, B.C. Kondratieff, W.P. McCafferty, and J.C. Morse. 2007. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Megaloptera, and Trichoptera of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Pp. 159-174 in P.B. Cox, editor, The Great Smoky Mountains National Park All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory: A Search for Species in Our Own Backyard. Southeastern Naturalist Special Issue 1.
- Zhou, X., K.M. Kjer, and J.C. Morse. 2007. Associating larvae and adults of Chinese Hydropsychidae caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) using DNA sequences. Journal of the North American Benthological. Society 26(4): 719-742.
- Townes, J., and J.C. Morse. 2007. Marjorie Chapman Townes, 28 March 1909 - 8 October 2006. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 16(1): 206-209.
- Morse, J.C., Y.J. Bae, G. Munkhjargal, N. Sangpradub, K. Tanida, T.S. Vshivkova, B. Wang, L. Yang, and C.M. Yule. 2007. Freshwater biomonitoring with macroinvertebrates in East Asia. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5(1): 33-42.
- Zhong, H., L.F. Yang, and J.C. Morse. 2006. Six new species of the genus Polyplectropus (Insecta, Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae) from China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 31(4): 859-866.
- Morse, J.C., N.A. Rozhkova, A.L. Prather, T.S. Vshivkova, and S.C. Harris. 2006. 19, Trichoptera of Mongolia, with emphasis on the Hovsgol drainage fauna. Pp. 305-332 in C.E. Goulden, T. Sitnikova, J. Gelhaus, and B. Bazartseren (eds.), The Geology, Biodiversity, and Ecology of Lake Hovsgol (Mongolia). Biology of Inland Waters Series, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands. 508 pp.
- Carnagey, D.W., and J.C. Morse. 2006. Females of the genus Ceraclea (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in North America: Taxonomy and classification. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 34(2): 1-86.
- Hur, J.M., and J.C. Morse. 2006. Two new species of caddisflies from East Asia (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae, Psychomyiidae). Insect Science 13(3): 217-220.
- Burington, Z.L., J.C. Morse, & J.V. McArthur. 2012. Distribution and variation of Oecetis parva (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). Entomological News 122(1): 100-106.
- Morse, J.C., H. Zhong, & L.-f. Yang. 2012. New species of Plectrocnemia and Nyctiophylax (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae) from China. ZooKeys 169: 39-59.
- Holzenthal, R.W., J.C. Morse, & K.M. Kjer. 2011. Order Trichoptera Kirby, 1813. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 210-211.
- Sun, C-h., L-f. Yang, & J.C. Morse. 2011. Three new species of Cheumatopsyche ( Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from Guangxi China. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University 34(1): 57-61.
- Morse, J.C. 2011. The Trichoptera World Checklist. Pp. 372-380 in K. Majecka, J. Majecki, & J. Morse (Eds.), Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Trichoptera, Zoosymposia 5. 512 pp.
- Majecka, K., J. Majecki, & J. Morse. 2011. Preface: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Pp. 7-10 in K. Majecka, J. Majecki, & J. Morse (Eds.), Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Trichoptera, Zoosymposia 5. 512 pp.
- Sun, C.-H., Yang, L.-F., & Morse J.C. 2009. A new record genus and two new species of Arctopsychinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 34(4): 912-916.
- Hodges A.C., Morse J.C. 2009. Southern Plant Diagnostic Network Invasive Arthropod Workshop, May 7-9, 2007. 13pp. Journal of Insect Science 9:61, available online: insectscience.org/9.61
- Morse, J.C. 2009. Trichoptera (caddisflies). Pages 1015-1020 in V.H. Resh and R.T. Carde (editors), Encyclopedia of Insects, 2nd edition. Academic Press, New York.
- Chuluunbat, S., J.C. Morse, J.A.L. Lessard, M.E. Benbow, M.D. Wesener, & J. Hudson. 2010. Evolution of terrestrial habitat in Manophylax species (Trichoptera: Apataniidae), with a new species from Alaska. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 29(2): 413-430.
- Zhong, H., L.-F. Yang, & J.C. Morse. 2010. Four new species and two new records of Polyplectropus from China (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae). Zootaxa 2428: 37-46.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: In response to public concerns about insects and their effects on humans and their environs, research was undertaken to discover aspects of species diversity among freshwater insects, including their biology, faunistics, and biodiversity, particularly with regard to their value in monitoring water quality. The results were presented in six public and professional meetings regionally, nationally, and internationally, and disseminated in five publications. PARTICIPANTS: Participants in the workshops taught in Iraq and the U.S. included Iraqi and Iranian and U.S. graduate students, university professors, and professional water quality specialists. Participants in the research and its presentations and publications included the following: (1) M.E. Benbow - Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, University of Dayton. (2) S. Chuluunbat - Laboratory Manager, Mongolian Aquatic Insect Survey, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (former M.S. degree student, Clemson University). (3) G. Chuluunbaatar - Researcher, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (4) C.J. Geraci -- Science and Technology Policy Fellow, Biology Directorate, National Science Foundation (former Ph.D. degree student, Clemson University). (5) J. Hudson - Juneau, Alaska. (6) K.M. Kjer - Associate Professor, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University. (7) J.L. Lessard - Researcher, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Riccarton, Christchurch, New Zealand. (8) M.D. Wesener - Scientist, Water Bureau, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Lansing, Michigan. (9) L. Yang - Professor Emeritus, Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. (10) H. Zhong - Student, Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. (11) L. Zhou -- Student, Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. (12) X. Zhou - Senior Scientist, Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. Partner organizations for the Department of Entomology, Soils, and Plant Sciences, Clemson University, in the outreach opportunities included the following: Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Highlands Biological Station, Highlands, North Carolina; Balsam Mountain Preserve Trust, Sylva, North Carolina; Twin Rivers Institute, American University of Iraq, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq; and the North American Benthological Society. Partner organizations in the research opportunities included the following: the Institute of Meteorology and Hydrobiology and the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; the U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.; Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan; Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; and Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audiences for the above-listed presentations and publications included the general public and Chinese and U.S. graduate students and professional scholars specializing in general entomology, insect systematics, and monitoring of freshwater pollution. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Asian and U.S. audiences have been updated on the state of knowledge of freshwater insects in Asia and some of the efforts to teach Asian scholars and biomonitoring professionals about them and their use for monitoring water quality. The genus Manophylax (Trichoptera: Apataniidae) contains three species from the Nearctic Region and 3 species from Japan. A seventh species of Manophylax new for science is described and illustrated from Alaska. Habitats of larvae and pupae of the different Manophylax species are either mostly hygropetric or mostly terrestrial. Phylogenetic analysis infers three principal species groups occurring in the eastern and western Nearctic and eastern Palearctic Biogeographic Regions. The habitat of the western Nearctic M. annulatus Species Group is mostly hygropetric and that of the eastern Nearctic M. altus and eastern Palearctic M. futabae Species Groups are mostly terrestrial. The phylogeny suggests that the mostly terrestrial habitat evolved through a mostly hygropetric habitat. The phylogeny also implies that the eastern Nearctic and eastern Palearctic species share a more recent common ancestor than they share with the western Nearctic species, a result further supporting a commonly observed historical biogeographic pattern for these regions. Madeophylax is redefined as a subgenus of Manophylax, including the species of the M. altus and M. futabae Species Groups. The history of Hydropsychinae genus-level classification and nomenclature was reviewed and new molecular evidence from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and nuclear large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (28S) markers were presented, supporting the monophyly of the genus Hydropsyche. Both molecular and morphological characters support a broad, conservative definition of Hydropsyche. Caledopsyche, Hydatomanicus, and Occutanspsyche are synonymized with Hydropsyche. The following species groups are established: Hydropsyche bronta Group (generally corresponding with Ceratopsyche and Hydropsyche morosa and newae Groups), Hydropsyche colonica Group (generally corresponding with Orthopsyche), Hydropsyche instabilis Group (generally corresponding with Hydropsyche sensu stricto), and Hydropsyche naumanni Group (generally corresponding with Occutanspsyche). Molecular data recovered Hydromanicus as paraphyletic, and Cheumatopsyche and Potamyia as sister taxa. The genus names Plectropsyche and Streptopsyche are reinstated. Four new species for science and two new records of Polyplectropus (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) were reported from China. Six new species for science and one new species record of Orthotrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) were also reported from China. DNA sequences of 96 of the 167 known Mongolian caddisfly species have been discriminated (57%, the highest percentage of any country in the world), which has improved our understanding of this fauna and raised some questions about some species and their distributions. This research also has laid the groundwork for associating larvae with adults. The species Apatania mongolica Martynov (Trichoptera: Apataniidae) was redescribed from southern Mongolia.
Publications
- Zhong, H., L.-F. Yang, & J.C. Morse. 2010. Four new species and two new records of Polyplectropus from China (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae). Zootaxa 2428: 37-46.
- Geraci, C.J., X. Zhou, J.C. Morse, & K.M. Kjer. 2010. Defining the genus Hydropsyche (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) based on DNA and morphological evidence. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 29(3): 918-933.
- Zhou, L., L.-F. Yang, & J.C. Morse. 2010. Six new species and 1 new species record of Orthotrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from China. Zootaxa 2560: 29-41.
- Chuluunbat, S., Chuluunbaatar, G., & J.C. Morse. 2010. A redescription of Apatania mongolica Martynov, 1914 (Trichoptera: Apataniidae), based on materials from southern Mongolia. Mongolian Journal of Biological Sciences 8(1): 3-8.
- Chuluunbat, S., J.C. Morse, J.A.L. Lessard, M.E. Benbow, M.D. Wesener, & J. Hudson. 2010. Evolution of terrestrial habitat in Manophylax species (Trichoptera: Apataniidae), with a new species from Alaska. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 29(2): 413-430.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: In response to public concerns about insects and their effects on humans and their environs, a chemical burn apparently induced by the Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle was investigated in the mouth of a dog. Public interest in other aspects of insect biology, faunistics, and biodiversity also were investigated, particularly those related to water quality. The results were publicized in professional meetings and in professional journals. PARTICIPANTS: The following individuals worked on the project: (1) Christy Jo Geraci, Post-doctoral Research Associate, Department of Entomology, US National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC. (2) Derek E. Lindsey, Veterinarian, Clemson Animal Hospital, Clemson, SC. (3) John C. Morse, Professor (1 Jan 27 Mar 2008) and Professor Emeritus (28 Mar 31 Dec 2008), Clemson University, Clemson, SC. (4) Amanda M. Nelson, Graduate Research Assistant, Clemson University, Clemson, SC. (5) Ian C. Stocks, Arthropod Diagnostician and Collections Manager, Clemson University, Clemson, SC. (6) Lianfang Yang, Professor, Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People s Republic of China. (7) Hua Zhong, Graduate Student, Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. C.J. Geraci is a former Graduate Research Associate and A.M. Nelson and I.C. Stocks are current Ph.D. students in the Entomology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC. These students received entomological training at Clemson University that facilitated the reported research. Partner organizations included the following: The animal health research was conducted in collaboration with the Clemson Animal Hospital, Clemson, SC. The reported species new for science were captured and described with the collaboration of colleagues at Sam Ratulangi University, Mindado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, and Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. TARGET AUDIENCES: The research regarding the impact of Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle on a dog was directed toward veterinarians, primarily in the United States, anticipating their need to watch for similar presentations in their practice. The research regarding insect structure and function was intended to improve knowledge in the general public. The research regarding biomonitoring in Francis Beidler Forest was intended to inform management strategies by the resource managers of the Forest and by other stewards of natural freshwater resources in the southeastern United States. The descriptions of new species will be of most direct use to professional systematists who catalog global biodiversity, prepare diagnostic resources, and infer phylogeny. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Sixteen Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coccinellidae) were removed from the oral pallet of a 6-yr-old, mixed-breed dog after having become imbedded in the mucosa and inducing chemical burns. Information was reviewed and summarized about reflex bleeding (autohemorrhaging) and about the structure and function of nygmata and wing-coupling that occur in the wings of some insects. Since 1975, macroinvertebrate communities in Francis Beidler Forest, South Carolina, managed by the National Audubon Society, have been monitored to assess long-term water quality in this protected area. Species of caddisflies previously unknown to science were described from Indonesia and China.
Publications
- Geraci, C.J. and J.C. Morse. 2008. New species of Cheumatopsyche (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 84(1): 1-8.
- Stocks, I.C., and D.E. Lindsey. 2008. Acute corrosion of the oral mucosa in a dog due to ingestion of Multicolored Asian Lady Beetles (Harmonia axyridis: Coccinellidae). Toxicon 52: 389-391.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: 139 arthropod identifications were accomplished formally through the South Carolina Plant Problem Clinic. About 100 additional identifications were completed through email and another approximately 25 identifications were accomplished for clients who brought their specimens into the Clemson University Arthropod Collection. Nine school groups visited the Clemson University Arthropod Collection to learn about insects and 10 presentations were provided at off-campus venues to a total of about 600 children and adults. The Principal Investigator, John C. Morse, organized and administered the "Don't Bug Me," competition for about 12 participants in the South Carolina Junior High School Science Olympiad at Newberry College on 24 February 2007 and a similar competition for about 14 participants in the SC High School Science Olympiad on 24 March 2007. Dr. Morse provided a workshop entitled, "Recent Advances in Trichoptera Taxonomy in the Carolinas," for about 30 professional
benthologists at the annual meeting of the Carolinas Area Benthologists' Workshop at Lenoire-Rhyne College, Hickory, North Carolina, during 8-9 March 2007. Dr. Morse hosted the 2007 Southern Plant Diagnostic Network workshop on "Invasive Pest Arthropods" at The Madren Center, Clemson University, during 7-9 May 2007. There were approximately 75 participants in attendance from throughout the Southeast and beyond, including insect diagnosticians, county agents, and state specialists. Dr. Morse trained 12 water quality monitoring specialists in a workshop entitled, "Taxonomy and Natural History of Southern Appalachian Mayfly, Stonefly, and Caddisfly Larvae, " at Highlands Biological Station during 14-25 May 2007. Dr. Morse was Program Chair for the annual meeting of the North American Benthological Society in Columbia, SC, during 3-7 June 2007, with approximately 600 participants from throughout North America and several foreign countries. As part of this meeting, he also organized a
symposium entitled, "Freshwater Biomonitoring with Macroinvertebrates in East Asia," hosting 14 presenters from 8 Asian countries. Dr. Morse taught a workshop entitled, "Aquatic Insects of India Useful for Monitoring Water Quality," at the University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, during 15 - 25 June 2007. Dr. Morse taught 3 water quality monitoring specialists in a workshop entitled, "Taxonomy and Natural History of Southern Appalachian Mayfly, Stonefly, and Caddisfly Larvae," at Clemson University during 23 July - 3 August 2007. Dr. Morse provided a seminar at Lander University entitled, "Freshwater Monitoring with Visible Invertebrates" on 24 October 2007.
PARTICIPANTS: Dr. John Morse is the Principal Investigator in this project. A new position of Arthropod Diagnostician and Collections Manager was created during the year; Mr. Ian Stocks was hired to fill the position. The USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory in Beltsville, MD, is the partner organization that provides diagnostic assistance for specimens beyond the diagnostic capability of the project. The Co-Principal Investigators in the National Science Foundation-sponsored research associated with this project were Dr. Karl Kjer, Rutgers University, and Professor Yang Lianfang, Nanjing Agricultural University; our PhD students Christy Jo Geraci, Xin Zhou, and Changhai Sun undertook most of the research effort under our leadership. Dr. Morse and Mr. Stocks participated in the "Invasive Pest Arthropods" workshop that they hosted at Clemson University during 7-9 May 2007.
TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences for tours and off-campus presentations and for identification services were South Carolina citizens of all ages. Target audiences for workshops, seminars, symposia, and the book chapter were university students and professional benthologists. The target audience for the paper by Zhou et al. was professional research benthologists attempting to add to knowledge of insect taxa. The target audience for the paper by Parker et al. was professional biologists attempting to document biological diversity and justify biodiversity conservation.
PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: The major project modification during the past year was the creation of the position of Arthropod Diagnostician and Collections Manager. Arthropod identifications are continuing with their previous high quality; in addition, the newly hired Diagnostician is now providing routine recommendations for control of pests and appreciation of beneficial arthropods submitted through the South Carolina Plant Problem Clinic. Considerable improvements have begun in the management of the Clemson University Arthropod Collection, which had lagged in professional care for many years.
Impacts
Citizens of South Carolina were able to control pests in their home environments and in their crops as a result of identifications provided by this project. Participants in tours and members of other audiences learned about insects in ways that enriched their understanding of these animals and equipped them to manage pests and protect valuable habitats. The young people in SC Science Olympiad events improved their knowledge of insect identification. Professional and student benthologists in the Carolinas, the Southeast, North America, and India learned more about identification and ecology of aquatic insects, equipping them to use them more effectively to monitor water quality. The utility of hydropsychid (Trichoptera:Hydropsychidae) caddisfly larvae for freshwater biomonitoring has been demonstrated, but the major impediment to its implementation has been the lack of species-level larval descriptions and illustrations. A rapid and reliable molecular protocol that also
uses morphology is proposed because conventional approaches to associating undescribed larvae with adults have been slow and problematic. Morphospecies boundaries were mapped on phylograms constructed from 2 independent gene fragments: mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and large subunit (28S)nuclear ribosomal DNA expansion fragment D2 (D2). Species boundaries were confirmed if they were monophyletic on both molecular phylograms. Larval associations were made with reference to the phylogenetic analyses under 2 criteria: sequence identity across both genes or nested placement within a reference species boundary. A total of 133 individuals belonging to Chinese Hydropsyche studied to test the new protocol. The study enabled us to establish a procedure for delineating species boundaries and associating larvae and adults using DNA sequences and morphological evidence. Associating larvae and adults of hydropsychids using DNA sequences appears to be promising in terms of both
reliability and speed. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM), situated on the mountainous border of North Carolina and Tennessee, is recognized as one of the most highly diverse protected areas in the temperate region. In order to provide baseline data for the scientific management of GRSM an All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory or ATBI was initiated in 1998. Among the goals of the ATBI are to discover the identity and distribution of as many as possible of the species of life that occur in GRSM. We examined more than 53,600 adult and 78,000 immature insects from 545 locations. At present, 469 species of the major aquatic insect orders are known from the GRSM Park, including 120 species of Ephemeroptera (mayflies), 111 species of Plecoptera (stoneflies), 7 species of Megaloptera (dobsonflies, fishflies, and alderflies), and 231 species of Trichoptera (caddisflies). Included in this total are at least 101 species new to science discovered since the ATBI began. A newly revised set
of illustrated keys was provided for the most commonly used textbook on North American aquatic insects.
Publications
- Zhou, X., K.M. Kjer, and J.C. Morse. 2007. Associating larvae and adults of Chinese Hydropsychidae caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) using DNA sequences. Journal of the North American Benthological. Society 26(4): 719-742.
- Parker, C.R., O.S. Flint Jr., L.M. Jacobus, B.C. Kondratieff, W.P. McCafferty, and J.C. Morse. 2007. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Megaloptera, and Trichoptera of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Pp. 159-174 in P.B. Cox, editor, The Great Smoky Mountains National Park All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory: A Search for Species in Our Own Backyard. Southeastern Naturalist Special Issue 1.
- Morse, J.C., and R.W. Holzenthal. 2007. Trichoptera genera. Chapter 18, pp. 481-552, in R.W. Merritt, K.W. Cummins, and M.B. Berg, editors, An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America, Fourth Edition. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa. 1158 pp.
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