Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:This project is targeting the agriculture sciences community related to pesticides. The community comprehends farmers, extensionists, researchers, faculty, stakeholders, State Department of Agriculture, pest managers, and pesticide companies among others. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has trained one graduated student in the research field. Scientists and technical personnel have been trained on GLP (Good Laboratory Practices) and SOP (Standard Operating Procedures) standards. Twice a year, personnel have the opportunity to refresh new concepts on this area by means of webinars. Moreover, four members of the IR-4 team in Puerto Rico have participated in field trainings. One of them was "IR-4 National Education Conference" San Antonio, TX. February 26, 2013. The most recent was entitled "IR-4 GLP Field Research Training" held in Gainesville, FL. March 9-12, 2015. Participants had the opportunity to be trained and update knowledge on spraying equipment calibration, farm operations, and FDB for MRL trials. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Oral and poster presentations at scientific meetings as well as commodity meetings are used to disseminate project findings. Fact sheets, leaflets and brochures are currently developed to reach general public and scientific personnel. The website developed for this project have impacted local farmers, scientists, extension agents and general public. The following factsheet have served as a field guide for coffee farmers: Robles, W. and D. Rivera. 2014. Plaguicidas con registro de uso en café. Fact Sheet of the UPRM published in the website ir4.eea.uprm.edu. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
There are seven new field plots that were established in Corozal to conduct MRL trials. The following crops were established successfully: mango, avocado, pitahaya, guava, coffee, passionfruit, and lychee. A total of 22 MRL field trials were conducted and being conducted between 2012 and 2015. Field trials were performed in the following four locations: Juana Diaz, Corozal and Adjuntas. Crops like lychee, avocado, banana, passionfruit, pitahaya and guava were used for the trials. All FDB's for trials performed between 2012 and 2014 were completed along with their respective QA audits. Ongoing trials of 2015 are being processed. Several crop safety and phytotoxicity field trials are currently been conducted at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Gurabo. Crops under evaluation are cassava, tanier, taro, sweetpotato and true yam. We participated actively through the year with the southern region by submitting new PCR's. The state liaison and FRD participated actively in all IR-4 Food Use Workshops held in different cities in US. New PCR's are continuously submitted for future field trials. The graduate student thesis entitled "Integration of Woody Mulching and Herbicides for Weed Control in Pineapple" complete his Master Degree in Crop Protection on May 2015. The thesis was published and currently a peer review article derived from the thesis is being developed.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Vargas, N., W. Robles, J.P. Morales, M.L. Lugo y L. Almod�var. 2014. Uso de herbicidas preemergentes y triturado le�oso de Spathodea campanulata para el control de malezas en el cultivo de pi�a [Ananas comosus L. (Merr.)]. Proc. of Sociedad Puertorrique�a de Ciencias Agr�colas. Rinc�n, PR. Poster presentation and abstract.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Vargas, N., W. Robles, J.P. Morales, M.L. Lugo. 2015. Uso de herbicidas preemergentes y triturado biodegradable para el control de malezas en el cultivo de pi�a [Ananas comosus L. (Merr.)]. Master Thesis, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez.
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Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: This project targets the agriculture sciences community related to pesticides. The community comprises farmers, extension agents, researchers, faculty, stakeholders, State Department of Agriculture personnel, pest managers, and pesticide companies. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? This project has trained one graduate student in research; he is a student who has almost completed his degree and is expected to graduate in May 2015. This student was able to set up a field experiment, develop a data collection schedule, statistically analyze field data, and write a thesis reporting project findings. Scientists and technical personnel have been trained in GLP (Good Laboratory Practices) and SOP (Standard Operating Procedures) standards. By means of webinars, twice a year, personnel had the opportunity to learn new concepts in this area. Other trainings cover information on new tools to apply pesticides to tropical crops. This year, technical personnel and scientists were trained by the IR-4 Southern Region on the use of injection and infusion techniques to apply fungicides on trees. The training, with University of Florida scientists and technical personnel, was held at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Juana Diaz during the summer of 2014. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Oral and poster presentations at scientific meetings as well as commodity meetings have been used to disseminate project findings. Fact sheets, leaflets and brochures are currently being developed to reach the general public and scientific personnel. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? New field trials are being conducted in order to identify and register pesticides for tropical crops. This work is expected to address the pesticide needs of local crops. Also, we plan to establish new experimental orchards at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Corozal. We intend to maximize our resources at one research station, renewing the old experimental orchards and establishing new crops such as pitahaya.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
All 10 MRL field trials planned for 2014 have been successfully completed. Trials were performed in four locations: Juana Diaz, Corozal, Adjuntas and Isabela. Crops such as lychee, avocado, banana, and guava were used for the trials. All FDBs were completed along with their respective QA audits. Additional crop safety and phytotoxicity field trials are being conducted at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Gurabo and Corozal. Crops under evaluation are cassava, tanier, taro, sweet potato and true yam. We participated actively throughout the year with the IR-4 Southern Region submitting new PCRs. The state liaison and FRD participated actively at the 2014 IR-4 Food Use Workshop in Atlanta, GA. The fungicide penthiopyrad was ranked as priority "A" for Puerto Rico and its MRL trial will be conducted in 2015. The success of registering this pesticide locally is critical for the control of black sigatoka in banana. Both the state liaison and FRD participated with oral presentations in local commody and scientific meetings. At those meetings, the 2014 local IR-4 achievements were presented. A graduate student thesis entitled "Integration of Woody Mulching and Herbicides for Weed Control in Pineapple" will soon be presented. The document is currently being revised.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Samuel-Foo, M., J. Crane, R. Olszack, W. Robles and L. Almod�var. 2013. IR-4s efforts to help Combat Laurel Wilt, a threat to the FL Avocado Industry. Proc. of Caribbean Food Crops Society. St. Thomas, USVI. Oral Presentation and Proceeding Article.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Robles, W. and L. Almodovar. 2014. Proyecto IR-4 en Puerto Rico: A Fruiting Update . Oral presentation at the Fruit Commodity Meeting. Corozal, PR.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Robles, W. and L. Almod�var. 2013. Registro de plaguicidas en el cultivo de caf�. Oral presentation at the Coffee Commodity Meeting. Ponce, PR.
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Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: This project is targeting the agricultural sciences community related to pesticides. The community comprehends farmers, extensionists, researchers, faculty, stakeholders, State Department of Agriculture, pest managers, and pesticide companies among others. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? In this project one graduate student was trained in the research field. Having almost completed the MS degree and expecting to graduate on 2014, this student was able to set up a field experiment, develop a data collection timing, perform statistical analyses of field data, and write a thesis to report project findings. Scientific and technical personnel have been trained on GLP (Good Laboratory Practices) and SOP (Standard Operating Procedures) standards. Twice a year, personnel have the opportunity to refresh new concepts on this area by means of webinars. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Oral and poster presentations at scientific meetings as well as attendance to commodity meetings are used to disseminate project findings. Soon, findings of this project will be available through the internet. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The plan is to report that the “web-based system” was successfully launched and used by many persons. Additionally, new field trials are being conducted to identify new pesticides and those combined with biopesticides.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
During 2013, a total of 8 field trials were successfully conducted on the following crops: coffee, banana, avocado and guava. All data generated was submitted for review. Attending commodity meetings is leading to the identification of target pests and potential pesticides for future registrations. Feedback from farmers and other agricultural sciences personnel are constantly being received to improve this project. Ongoing field trials are almost completed. The “web-based system” of registered pesticides is almost completed, the system is expected to be launched in early 2014.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Vargas, N., W. Robles, and L. Almodovar. 2013. Efecto de las Malezas sobre la Producci�n de Pi�a. Proc. of the Sociedad Puertorrique�a de Ciencias Agr�colas Annual Meeting. Hormigueros, PR. Poster Presentation and Proceeding Abstract.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Robles, W. 2013. Revisi�n de registro del herbicida diquat (Reglone) para el cultivo de guineo. Oral presentation at the Reuni�n Empresa de Farin�ceos. Corozal, PR.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Robles, W., L. Almodovar, R. Olsack and M. Samuel-Foo. 2013. Label Revision of the Herbicide Diquat (Reglone) on Banana as Part of IR-4 Project. Proc. of Asociaci�n para la Cooperaci�n en Investigaci�n y el Desarrollo Integral de las Mus�ceas (Bananos y Pl�tanos) ACORBAT. Fortaleza, Brazil. Poster Presentation and Proceeding Article.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
M. Samuel-Foo and W. Robles 2013. Registration of crop protection chemicals for specialty crops: IR-4 project in Puerto Rico. Proc. of the Caribbean Food Crops Society Meeting. Port of Spain, Trinidad. Oral Presentation and Proceeding Article.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Y. Rosado, D. Rivera y W. Robles. 2013. Desarrollo de un web-based system para plaguicidas registrados en Puerto Rico. Poster presentation at the Jornada Cient�fica Subgraduada, CCA-RUM. Mayaguez, PR. Poster Presentation.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Robles, W., L. Almodovar, R. Olsack and M. Samuel-Foo. 2012. Revisi�n de registro del herbicida diquat (REGLONE�) para el cultivo de guineo. Proc. of the Sociedad Puertorrique�a de Ciencias Agr�colas Annual Meeting. San Juan, PR. Oral Presentation and Proceeding Abstract.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Vargas N., W. Robles, and L. Almod�var. 2012. Uso de herbicidas preemergentes y triturado le�oso para el control de malezas en el cultivo de pi�a. Proc. of the Sociedad Puertorrique�a de Ciencias Agr�colas Annual Meeting. San Juan, PR. Oral Presentation and Proceeding Abstract.
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: 1. Attended to the annual conference call with the IR-4 Southern Region Representatives in August 2012 to discussed PR's pesticide priorities. 2. Conducted successfully four "Maximum Residue" Trials (MRL) on coffee, banana and guava in 2012. 3. Attended the Annual IR-4 Food Use Workshop held in St. Louis, MO in September 2012. This meeting was used to establish the 2013 field trials in PR. 4. Participated at the Annual Meeting of Plantain, Banana, Root and Tuber, Coffee, Fruit and Vegetables Commodities throughout year 2012. At each meeting, commodity priorities for pesticide registration were established and discussed by growers, research and extension personnel, State Department of Agriculture representatives and pesticide industry. 5. As state liaison representative for IR-4 in PR, I gave an oral presentation at the annual meeting of "Sociedad Puertorriquena de Ciencias Agricolas" entitled "Revision de registro del herbicida diquat para el cultivo de guineo" The meeting was held in San Juan, PR on November 2012. Feedback from the scientific personnel was shared to identify needs for pesticides in PR. 6. Visited the IR-4 Southern Region Facilities at University of Florida in January 2012. We toured Research Stations and storage facilities that fulfill quality assurance protocols. The logistics for 2012 field trials and sample shipping were also established at the visit. 7. Established an initial phase to develop a user friendly website for local farming community including students, researchers, growers, and extensionists among others. The main information of the website will be pesticide registration, use and field safety. PARTICIPANTS: 1. Wilfredo Robles - Associate Professor, Department of Crops and Agroenvironmental Sciences, UPR, Mayaguez. His main role is serving as State Liaison for IR-4. Coordinate and establish priorities for the project. 2. Luis Almodovar - Research Associate, Department of Crops and Agroenvironmental Sciences, UPR, Mayaguez. His main role is serving as Field Research Director. Coordinate and conduct field trials while maintaining accuracy of the results. 3. Alexander Rodriguez - Pesticide Applicator Technician, Agricultural Experiment Station, Corozal, PR. His main role is the serve as pesticide applicator as well as provide adequate equipment maintenance and keeping them under operable conditions. TARGET AUDIENCES: 1. Researchers, Extensionists, State Department of Agriculture, Pesticide Industry, Growers, and Students. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
1. The main impact of the above meetings attended is the establishment of the 2013 field trials, conducts the 2012 MRL trials and identified pesticide needs for future field trials. The 2012 trials included an insecticide to control the main current pest on coffee which is the coffee bean borer. The four MRL field trials were conducted in guava, banana and coffee. Currently, participation at commodity meetings is continued in 2013 to keep establishing PR's pesticide priorities according to farmer's needs.
Publications
- 1. Robles, W., L. Almodovar, R. Olszack, N. Vargas and M. Samuel-Foo. 2012. Revision de registro del herbicida diquat (Reglone) para el cultivo de guineo. Sociedad Puertorriquena de Ciencias Agricolas Annual Meeting. San Juan, PR. Abstract. 2. Vargas, N., W. Robles, and L. Almodovar. 2012. Uso de herbicidas preemergentes y triturado lenoso para el control de malezas en el cultivo de pina [Ananas comosus L. (Merr.)]. Sociedad Puertorriquena de Ciencias Agricolas Annual Meeting. San Juan, PR. Abstract.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Attended the annual conference with the IR-4 Southern Region representatives in June 2011 to propose pesticide priorities for Puerto Rico. Attended the Annual IR-4 Food Use Workshop held in Raleigh, NC, in September 2011. Information from this meeting was used to establish 2012 field trials in P.R. Participated in the Annual Meeting of the Plantain, Banana, Root and Tuber Crops Commodity held in October 2011 in Gurabo, P.R. At the meeting, commodity priorities for pesticide use were established and discussed by growers, research and extension personnel, State Department of Agriculture representatives, and by representatives of the pesticide industry. As State Liaison Representative for IR-4 in P.R., I gave an oral presentation to the Department of Crops and Agroenvironmental Sciences scientific personnel to introduce the objectives for IR-4. This meeting was held in Isabela, P.R., November 2011. Feedback from the scientific personnel was shared to identify needs for pesticide use in P.R. IR-4 Southern Region representatives visited our research facilities in December 2011. We toured AES research stations and storage facilities for quality assurance purposes. The logistics for 2012 field trials and sample shipping were established during their visit. PARTICIPANTS: Wilfredo Robles - Assistant Professor, Department of Crops and Agroenvironmental Sciences, UPR, Mayaguez. His main role is serving as State Liaison for IR-4; coordinates and establishes priorities for the project. Luis E. Almodovar - Field Research Technician, Department of Crops and Agroenvironmental Sciences, UPR, Mayaguez. His main role is that of Field Research Director; coordinates and conducts field trial while maintaining accuracy of the results. TARGET AUDIENCES: Results and new methodology developed will be shared through presentations, workshops and commodity meetings of scientific and extension personnel, State Department of Agriculture, field personnel, and growers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The main impact of the above meetings was the establishment of the 2012 upcoming field trials as well as the identification of pesticide needs for future field trials. Four MRL field trials will be conducted with guava, banana, and coffee. Participation at commodity meetings is continuing in 2012 for establishing pesticide priorities for P.R.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Field trials were carried out to obtain performance data for tolerances and registrations to manage: borers in plantains and bananas; coffee berry borer in coffee; weeds in plantains; and leaf blight in taro. All results (2007- 2009) obtained from trials to evaluate fosthiazate for the control of borers in plantains and bananas will be analyzed and compared. Meetings were and will continue to be held with the local and mainland Pesticide Industry to discuss new products for potential evaluations in the control of the berry borer in coffee and black sigatoka in plantains and bananas. Pesticide Clearance Requests submitted in the Southern Region were evaluated and prioritized for pesticide residue, performance and crop safety trials during 2010-2011, with particular interest to Puerto Rico those for weed control in coffee, anthracnose in mango; avocado lacebug in avocado; insects and weeds in pineapple; and anthracnose in papaya. A second field trial for taro leaf blight control was coordinated through the IR-4 Southern Region and is underway. A proposal to participate in the new IR-4 Project "Facilitating registration of sustainable pest management technology for specialty crops and minor uses" was prepared following the mission, vision and objectives as stated in the Startegic Plan for the IR-4 Project for 2009-2014. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Results and new methodology developed were shared through presentations, workshops and commodity meetings to Scientific Personnel, Extension Specialists and Agents, Department of Agriculture Representatives, Field Personnel and Growers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The registration of safe and effective pesticides and pest management technology (methods of pest and disease detection, novel methods of application) to address grower priority needs impacts both the growers and the general public with the production of high quality food available at reasonable prices. Concentrating efforts on evaluating lower risk products and new application technology will contribute to protect the grower, the consumer and the environment.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Field trials were coordinated with the IR-4 Project and with US, Local and International Agrochemical Industries to develop performance data for information, registrations and/or labels to manage nematodes and borers in plantains and bananas; coffe berry borer and leafminer in coffee; leaf blight in taro; and weeds in plantains. A new method of application for insecticides to control the avocado lace bug and the development of traps to manage the coffee borer were tested. Pest management needs for tropical crops in Puerto Rico were identified, Pesticide Clearance Requests were submitted and priority projects were identified and nominated for work in the Southern Region during 2009 - 2010. Meetings were held with US and Local Industry Representatives to discuss new low-risk and new mode of action products for development in tropical crops. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
A new method of application for managing insects on avocado trees was designed and is under evaluation. It will make posible the use of a lower dose, reduce costs of application and limit the amount of exposure of the chemical to the environment. Two new traps to manage the coffee berry borer were developed and the one traditionally used was redisigned. Their effectiveness is under evaluation in the field.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Field trials were coordinated to obtain performance data for tolerances and registrations to manage: nematodes and borers in plantains and bananas; coffee berry borer in coffee; leafminer in field coffee; and weeds in plantains. A new method for application of granular insecticides to plantains and bananas was also evaluated. As a result of work coordinated in Puerto Rico, several tolerance petitions and proposed labels have been submitted by IR-4 and the Agrochemical Industry to EPA for registration. Three new labels for insect control on 1)plantains and bananas, 2)coffee and 3)tropical fruits were registered for use in Puerto Rico based on residue and performance trials previously carried out. Pesticide Clearance Requests were prepared for pest management needs in Puerto Rico and priority projects identified and nominated for work in the Southern Region during 2008-2009. Proposals for performance studies on spirotetramat for the control of the coffee berry borer and cyazofamid for the control of taro leaf blight were in preparation. Meeting were held with Pesticide Industry Representatives to plan work with new pest management alternatives for new pests in Puerto Rico, e.j. the coffee berry borer and black sigatoka. Results were disseminated through presentations and discussion with other research scientists, extension specialists, growers, Department of Agriculture personnel and Vocational Agriculture personnel at Commodity meetings. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The registration of effective, low-risk, lower dose and environmentally safer pest management tools will improve production and quality of specially crops thus providing higher economic benefits to the growers while protecting the environment. The coffee berry borer and black sigatoka have been recently identified in Puerto Rico as attacking coffee and plantains and bananas, respectively. Management alternatives need to be tested and registered to protect these crops. The development of new application methods for granular pesticides will protect the environment while providing control to pests.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: On-going work was continued and new trials were started to develop performance and phytotoxicity data and information for various agrochemicals in order to obtain pest management alternatives for high value specialty crops in Puerto Rico: leafminer (nursery and field coffee); nematodes and the banana corm borer (plantains and bananas); thrips (onion); lacebug (avocado); sucking insects (mango); and weeds (plantain). All results were shared with the agrochemical companies and/or the IR-4 Program to use in support of registrations to control the various pests through inclusion in full labels, supplemental labels or registrations for special local needs.
PARTICIPANTS: Individuals Acin-Diaz, N. M. -- Project Director Ingles, R. -- Project Director, Principal Investigator Lugo-Torres, M. L. -- Project Director, Principal Investigator Diaz, M. -- Principal Investigator Hernandez, E. -- Research Associate Gonzalez, V. -- Research Associate Bosques, O. -- Research Associate Torres, H. -- Research Assistant Partner Organizations IR-4 Project University of Florida Bayer CropScience ISK Biosciences Corporation Gowan Company R. Maldonado & Co. Agro Servicios Martex Farms Collaborators and Contacts Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus
TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences included University of Puerto Rico College of Agricultural Sciences researchers, extension specialists, commodity leaders and students, USDA Tropical Agriculture Research Service researchers, farmers, producers, industry representatives, PR Department of Agriculture personnel from the Land Authority and the Pesticide Application Program, PR Department of Education Agricultural Vocational Program teachers, and marketing orders representatives. Information on results and on-going research was transferred through commodity meetings, presentations and field visits.
Impacts
An EPA tolerance was established for the insecticide imidacloprid on avocado with data obtained previously from residue trials conducted in Puerto Rico. These findings resulted in a full label to control various insects in all tropical fruits included in the tropical fruits crop group. An EPA tolerance was also established for the insecticide imidacloprid in coffee with results obtained from residue trials previously conducted in Puerto Rico. Through this work, a label to control the leafminer in coffee was secured. A third EPA tolerance was obtained for imidacloprid in plantains and bananas with data obtained in residue trials previously conducted in Puerto Rico and a new label secured. Results from two trials with the herbicide clomazone in plantains showed potential for a petition for registration. Relatively few pest management tools are available for tropical crops and research is needed to obtain new registrations. The three new tolerances and labels will provide
growers a comparatively safer crop protection tool to economically produce tropical crops.
Publications
- Lugo-Torres, M. L. and Diaz, M., 2007. Weed control in sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.]. J. Agric. Univ. P.R. 91(3-4):161-167.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
On-going work was continued and new trials started to obtain performance and phytotoxicity data and to develop information to support registrations for papaya (anthracnose), nursery and field coffee (leafminer), plantain and banana (nematodes and banana corm borer), onion (thrips), tomato (leafminer), mango (sucking insects), avocado (lacebug), and plantain (weeds).
Impacts
Pest, disease and weed management alternatives for tropical crops are very limited. Data needs to be developed in Puerto Rico to maintain existing registrations and to pursue new ones.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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