Progress 01/15/06 to 01/14/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: We evaluated the effectiveness of ozone as an antimycotoxin and antimicrobial treatment for barley and wheat under storage and processing conditions. We evaluated microbial loads, mycotoxin content and effects on end-use quality. We will also evaluated the economic feasibility of using ozone as a treatment on barley using stochastic dominance tools. Results are being used in extension publications and outreach efforts to educate constituent groups including producers and processors. The results of the project have been presented at regional, national and international meetings including: American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC) International Annual Meeting, Western Extension and Research Activities Committee on Agribusiness (WERA-72), National Fusarium Head Blight (NFHB) Forum, Regional Research Project Meeting for NC-1025, and ND EPSCoR State Conference. We have received many inquiries from the grain industry regarding the technology. Katherine Tweed, adjunct in Mass Communications at Minnesota State University Moorhead, was hired to assist in writing a publication summarizing the results of the "Evaluation of Ozone as an Antimycotoxin and Microbial Treatment for Wheat and Barley" USDA-CSREES Project. The publication will be completed in Fall 2009 and will be disseminated through outreach efforts. PARTICIPANTS: PI - Charlene Wolf-Hall Co-PIs Kenneth Hellevang, Frank Manthey, William Nganje (since moved to Arizona State University), Paul Schwarz, Dennis Wiesenborn Post Docs Dennis Tobias, Anuradha Boddeda Graduate Students Bhavnita Dhillon, James Dodd, Harkanwal Preet, Singh Sandhu, Ashwini Vashisht, Staff for extension publication Kathleen Tweeten TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
It would appear that ozone exposure through water, as in barley steeping or wheat washing, has a larger impact on microbial loads in grain compared to gaseous ozone treatment of dry grain. The application of ozone for microbial and mycotoxin control in grain would be more economically feasible than other treatments such as hydrogen peroxide or irradiation. The grain industry is very interested in the application of ozone due to its approval for management of insects and microorganisms in organic commdities. Ozone treatments would need to be targeted and controlled and would not dramatically impact microbial loads, but may lower amounts sufficiently to gain an economic advantage.
Publications
- Dodd, J., A. Vashisht, A. Boddeda, D. Tobias, P. Schwarz, C.E. Wolf-Hall. 2009. Effect of ozone treatment on the safety and quality of malting barley. International Journal of Food Microbiology. Submitted.
- Nganje, W. 2007. Using real options and stochastic dominance methods to evaluate cost-effective control of Fusarium infected malting barley. Paper presented at the WERA-72 Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, June 17-19th.
- Dhillon, B., D. Wiesenborn, C. Wolf-Hall, F. Manthey. 2008. Evaluation of ozonated water as an antifungal and antimicrobial treatment of durum wheat grain. American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC) International Annual Meeting. Honolulu, Hawaii, September 21-24. (Poster)
- Dhillon, B., D. Wiesenborn, C. Wolf-Hall and F. Manthey. 2009. Development and evaluation of ozonated water system for antimicrobial treatment of durum wheat. J. Food Sci. In Press
- Tobias, D.J., A., C.E. Wolf-Hall and P.B. Schwarz. 2007. Ozone as an antimycotic agent in malting barley. Proceedings of the 2007 National Fusarium Head Blight (NFHB) Forum, December 2-4, 2007, The Westin Crown Center, Kansas City, Missouri. Page 15.
- Vashisht, A. K., D.J.Tobias, A. Boddeda, J. Dodd, P.B. Schwarz, and C. Wolf-Hall. 2008. Efficacy of Gaseous ozone as an anti-Fusarium treatment in malting barley. 2008 ND EPSCoR State Conference. Grand Forks, ND, September 19 (Poster)
- Wolf-Hall, C. 2007. Post-harvest treatments for controlling molds and mycotoxins in grains and grain-products produced in the Great Plains. Annual Technical Meeting of NC-1025 Mycotoxins:Biosecurity and Food Safety. Pennsylvania State University.
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Progress 01/15/07 to 01/14/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The findings so far have been disseminated at the 2007 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) Meeting presentation, Paper number 076169, as well as through phone calls and meetings with interested industry personnel. The finding are not yet complete and dissemination will be ongoing.
PARTICIPANTS: PIs Charlene Wolf-Hall Frank Manthey Senay Simsek Clifford Hall III Ken Hellevang William Nganje Paul Schwarz Dennis Wiesenborn Graduate Students Bhavnita Dhillon Harkanwal Sandhu Ashwini Vashist Staff Dennis Tobias Anuradha Boddeda
Impacts
The knowledge gained in this project will benefit the grain producers and processing industry and ultimately consumers. The major outcome will be a better quality and safer food supply.
Publications
- Dhillon, B., H. Sandhu, D. Wiesenborn, F. Manthey, and C. Wolf-Hall. 2007. A comparison between chlorinated water and ozonated water as an antimicrobial treatment during tempering of wheat. An ASABE Meeting presentation, Paper number 076169. Minneapolic Convention Center, Minniapolis, MN. June 17-20, 2007.
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Progress 01/15/06 to 01/15/07
Outputs
Our long-term goals are to develop intervention strategies to reduce or eliminate mycotoxins and undesirable microflora from grain and/or grain products produced in the Northern Plains. We have hired and trained students and staff to assist in the project. We have made significant progress with the first two objectives of the project: 1. To determine the effect of ozone on mycotoxin destruction, the survival of overall mold infection, Fusarium spp., mycotoxin production, overall bacterial loads and malt quality in barley; 2. To determine the effect of ozone on preexisting mycotoxins, microbial loads, and semolina and pasta quality in Fusarium head blight infected durum wheat. Ozone completely eliminated Fusarium from barley under steeping conditions. Semolina was placed in a cylindrical acrylic container that had an inlet valve and an outlet valve. The semolina was ozonated using an ozone generator model number CDO-8000. Preliminary results indicate that ozone effects
the color, dough properties, and pasting properties of semolina. Ozone treatment did not affect CIE L-value (brightness) but did reduce (17%) b-value (yellowness). Mixograph results indicate that ozone treatment increased dough development time and dough strength, when compared to the control semolina. RVA results indicate that ozone treatment reduced peak viscosity and breakdown and increased final viscosity of semolina.
Impacts
Fusarium head blight (FHB) has become a severe and devastating problem in some areas of the United States which produce small grains. This plant disease and the mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin), associated with it may present a serious public health concern and lead to price discounts for infected grain resulting in severe economic consequences to small grain producing regions. The objectives of this project are intended to lead to methods to control DON concentrations in post-harvest malting barley so that mildly FHB infected barley can be utilized for malting without safety or quality concerns. The evaluation of ozone as a means to lower microbial loads and mycotoxin content may lead to a method that will add value and safety to portions of the wheat crop.
Publications
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