Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: From January to December 2010, the Mycotoxin Diagnostic Laboratory analyzed 29,418 samples submitted by 41 scab research groups from 17 US states including Minnesota, Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, and Wisconsin, and two countries (Norway and Canada). Thirty-four percent of the samples were submitted by Minnesota based research groups, including the Department of Plant Pathology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Experiment Station, and the USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory. The samples included regular mature grain (6-100 g) and small size samples such as single kernel, single spikelet, single head, small stems, fungal culture extracts and diet. The target toxins included deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-Acetyl-DON, 3-Acetyl-DON, nivalenol and zearalenone. Ergosterol, a chemical marker for measuring fungal biomass, also was analyzed for some samples as requested by researchers. PARTICIPANTS: We have one Ph.D. chemist, one junior scientist and eight undergraduate students working on this project. As far as collaborations, we work with 41 different research groups from institutions in 17 US states and two countries (Norway and Canada). TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience is the scientific community interested in plant genetics, plant pathology, plant breeding, food safety, and biotechnology. There are also various industry personnel interested in the annual surveys of grain crops and mycotoxin levels. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Fusarium head blight (FHB) has devastated cereal crops throughout the Upper Midwest since 1993, causing billions of dollars in yield losses and reductions in grain quality due to mycotoxin contamination. The project of "Mycotoxin Analysis Services for Fusarium Head Blight Research" provides support to barley and wheat breeding programs in developing resistant varieties and also to other researchers investigating the modes by which Fusarium causes disease and the means for controlling the pathogen. Without mycotoxin data, it would be impossible for researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of their treatments in fighting Fusarium head blight.
Publications
- Lewis, J.M.; Siler, L.; Souza, E.; Ng, P.K.W; Dong, Yanhong; Brown-Guedira, G.; Jiang, G.L.; Ward, R.W. "Registration of 'Ambassador' Wheat" Journal of Plant Registrations, 2010, 4(3), 195-204.
- Lewis, J.M.; Siler, L.; Souza, E.; Ng, P.K.W; Dong, Yanhong; Jiang, G.L.; Ward, R.W. "Registration of 'Coral' Wheat" Journal of Plant Registrations, 2010, 4(3), 205-214.
- Lewis, J.M.; Siler, L.; Souza, E.; Ng, P.K.W; Dong, Yanhong; Brown-Guedira, G.; Jiang, G.L.; Ward, R.W. "Registration of 'Red Amber' Wheat" Journal of Plant Registrations, 2010, 4(3), 215-223.
- Costa, J.M.; Bockelman, H.E.; Brown-Guedira, G.; Cambron, S.E.; Chen, X.; Cooper, A.; Cowger, C.; Dong, Yanhong; Grybauskas, A.; Jin, Y.; Kolmer, J.; Murphy, J.P; Sneller, C.; Souza, E. "Registration of the Soft Red Winter Wheat Germplasm MD01W233-06-1 Resistant to Fusarium Head Blight" Journal of Plant Registrations, 2010, 4(3), 1-6.
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Progress 09/01/05 to 09/30/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Fusarium head blight (FHB) has devastated cereal crops throughout the Upper Midwest since 1993, causing billions of dollars in yield losses and reductions in grain quality due to mycotoxin contamination. The project of "Mycotoxin Analysis Services for Fusarium Head Blight Research" provides support to barley and wheat breeding programs in developing resistant varieties and also to other researchers investigating the modes by which Fusarium causes disease and the means for controlling the pathogen. Without mycotoxin data, it would be impossible for researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of their treatments in fighting Fusarium head blight. PARTICIPANTS: We have one Ph.D. chemist (Dr. Yanhong Dong), one junior scientist and nine undergraduate students working on this project. As far as collaborations, we work with 41 different research groups from institutions in 19 US states and two foreign countries (Norway and Canada). TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience is the scientific community interested in plant genetics, plant pathology, plant breeding, food safety, and biotechnology. There are also various industry personnel interested in the annual surveys of grain crops and mycotoxin levels. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
From January to December 2011, the Mycotoxin Diagnostic Laboratory analyzed 32,182 samples submitted by 41 scab research groups from 19 US states including Minnesota, Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Texas and Wisconsin, and two foreign countries (Norway and Canada). Twenty-eight percent of the samples were submitted by Minnesota based research groups, including the Department of Plant Pathology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Experiment Station, and the USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory. The samples included regular mature grain (10-100 g) and small size samples such as single kernel, single spikelet, single head, small stems and fungal culture extracts. The target toxins included deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-Acetyl-DON, 3-Acetyl-DON, nivalenol and zearalenone. Ergosterol, a chemical marker for measuring fungal biomass, also was analyzed for some samples as requested by researchers.
Publications
- Chu C.; Niu, Z.; Zhong, S.; Chao, S.; Friesen, T.L.; Halley, S.; Elias, E.M.; Dong, Yanhong; Faris, J.D.; Xu, S.S. Identification and molecular mapping of two QTLs with major effects for resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat. Theor. Appl. Genet., 2011, 123, 1107-1119.
- Jayatilake, D.V.; Bai, G.H.; Dong, Y. A novel quantitative trait locus for Fusarium head blight resistance in chromosome 7A of wheat. Theor. Appl. Genet., 2011, 122, 1189-1198. Breakspear, A.; Pasquali, M.; Broz, K.; Dong, Yanhong; Kistler, H. C. Npc1 is involved in sterol trafficking in the filamentous fungus Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 2011, 48, 725-730.
- Kang, J.; Clark, A.; Van Sanford, D.; Griffey, C.; Brown-Guedira, G.; Dong, Yanhong; Murphy, J. P.; Cost, J. Exotic Scab Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci Effects on Soft Red Winter Wheat. Crop Science, 2011, 51, 924-933.
- Peiris, K.H.S; Pumphrey, M.O.; Dong, Yanhong; Dowell, F.E. Fusarium Head Blight Symptoms and Mycotoxin Levels in Single Kernels of Infected Wheat Spikes. Cereal Chemistry , 2011, 88(3), 291-295.
- Burlakoti, R.R.; Neate, S.M.; Adhikari, T.B.; Gyawali, S., Salas, B.; Steffenson, B. J.; and Schwarz, P. B. Trichothecene profiling and population genetic analysis of Gibberella zeae from barley in North Dakota and Minnesota. Phytopathology, 2011, 101, 687-695.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: From January to December, 2009, the Mycotoxin Diagnostic Laboratory led by Yanhong Dong, analyzed over 29,000 samples submitted by 36 scab research groups from 15 states including Minnesota, Arkansas, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, and Ohio, and 1 research group from Norway. PARTICIPANTS: We have seven undergraduate students who work on this project and assist in the processing of samples for mycotoxin analyses. As far as collaborations, we work with 36 different research groups from institutions in 15 states including Minnesota, Arkansas, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, and Ohio, and 1 research group from Norway. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience is the scientific community interested in plant genetics, plant pathology, plant breeding, food safety, biotechnology. There are also various industry personnel interested in the annual surveys of grain crops and mycotoxin levels. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Fusarium head blight (FHB) has devastated cereal crops throughout the Upper Midwest since 1993, causing billions of dollars in yield losses and reductions in grain quality due to mycotoxin contamination. By analyzing mycotoxins, this project provides support to barley and wheat breeding programs in developing resistant varieties and also to other researchers investigating the modes by which Fusarium causes disease and the means for controlling the pathogen. Thirty-six percent of the samples were submitted by University of Minnesota research groups in the departments of Plant Pathology and Agronomy and Plant Genetics, various Experiment Stations, and the USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory. The samples included regular mature grain (6-100 g) and small size samples such as single kernel, single spikelet, single head, small stems, and fungal culture extracts. The target toxins included DON, 15-Acetyl-DON, 3-Acetyl-DON, nivalenol and zearalenone. Ergosterol, a chemical marker for measuring fungal biomass, was also analyzed for some samples as requested by researchers. Without mycotoxin data, it would be impossible for researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of their treatments in fighting Fusarium head blight.
Publications
- Liu, Y., Delwiche, S. R., Dong, Y. Feasibility of FT-Raman spectroscopy for rapid screening for DON toxin in ground wheat and barley. Food Additives and Contaminants. 2009. 1-6.
- Kang, J., Clark, A., Van Sanfor, D.A., Griffey, C., Brown-Guedira, G., Dong, Y., and Costa, J. 2009. Evaluation of exotic scab resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) effects on soft red winter wheat. In: Canty, S. M., Clark, A., Mundell, J., Walton, E., Ellis, D., and Van Sanford, D. A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum; 2009 Dec. 7-9; Orlando, FL. Lexington, KY, University of Kentucky. pp128.
- Peiris, K.H.S., Pumphrey, M.O., Dong, Y., Wegulo, S., Berzonsky. W., Baenziger, P.S., and Dowell, F.E. 2009. Progress on development and application of single kernel NIR sorting technology for assessment of FHB resistance in wheat germplasm. In: Canty, S. M., Clark, A., Mundell, J., Walton, E., Ellis, D., and Van Sanford, D. A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum; 2009 Dec. 7-9; Orlando, FL. Lexington, KY, University of Kentucky. pp141.
- Souza, E., Mundell, J., Sarti, D., Balut. A., Dong, Y., and Van Sanford, D. A. 2009. Can host plant resistance protect the quality of wheat from Fusarium head blight In: Canty, S. M., Clark, A., Mundell, J., Walton, E., Ellis, D., and Van Sanford, D. A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum; 2009 Dec. 7-9; Orlando, FL. Lexington, KY, University of Kentucky. pp154.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: From January to December, 2008, the Mycotoxin Diagnostic Laboratory, at the University of Minnesota, analyzed 30,529 samples submitted by 32 scab research groups from 14 states including Minnesota, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, and South Dakota. Forty-seven percent of the samples were submitted by University of Minnesota research groups in the departments of Plant Pathology and Agronomy and Plant Genetics, various Experiment Stations, and the USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory. The samples included regular mature grain (6-100 g) and small size samples such as single kernel, single spikelet, single head, small stems, and fungal culture extracts. The target toxins included DON, 15-Acetyl-DON, 3-Acetyl-DON, nivalenol and zearalenone. Ergosterol, a chemical marker for measuring fungal biomass, was also analyzed for some samples as requested by researchers. PARTICIPANTS: Yanhong Dong and six undergraduate students work on this project and assist in the processing of samples for mycotoxin analyses. As far as collaborations, we work with 32 different research groups from institutions in 14 different states including Minnesota, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, and South Dakota. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience is the scientific community interested in plant genetics, plant pathology, plant breeding, food safety, biotechnology. There are also various industry personnel interested in the annual surveys of grain crops and mycotoxin levels. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Fusarium head blight (FHB) has devastated cereal crops throughout the Upper Midwest since 1993, causing billions of dollars in yield losses and reductions in grain quality due to mycotoxin contamination. By analyzing mycotoxins, this project provides support to barley and wheat breeding programs in developing resistant varieties and also to other researchers investigating the modes by which Fusarium causes disease and the means for controlling the pathogen. Without mycotoxin data, it would be impossible for researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of their treatments in fighting Fusarium head blight.
Publications
- Yu, J.-B.; Bai, G.-H; Zhou, W.-C.; Dong, Yanhong; Kolb, F. L. 2008. Quantitative Trait Loci for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in a Recombinant Inbred Population of Wangshuibai/Wheaton. Phytopathology, 98:87-94.
- Abbas, H.K.; Accinelli, C.; Zablotowicz, R.M.; Abel, C.A.; Bruns, H.A.; Dong, Yanhong; Shier, W.T. 2008. Dynamics of Mycotoxin and Aspergillus flavus Levels in Aging Bt and Non-Bt Corn Residues under Mississippi No-Till Conditions. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56:7578-7585.
- Beaubien, K.A.; Dill-Macky, R.; Dong, Yanhong; Steffenson, B.J.; Smith, K.P. 2008. Characterizing Barley Near-isogenic Lines for a DON QTL on Chromosome 3H. Page 134 in: Canty, S. M., Walton, E., Clark, A., Ellis, D., Mundell, J., and Van Sanford, D. A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum; 2008 Dec. 2-4; Indianapolis, IN. Lexington, KY, University of Kentucky.
- Beaubien, K.A.; Dill-Macky, R.; Dong, Yanhong; Roy, J.K.; Steffenson, B.J.; Smith, K.P. 2008. Investigating Host Variation for DON Accumulation in Wild Barley. Page 137 in: Canty, S. M., Walton, E., Clark, A., Ellis, D., Mundell, J., and Van Sanford, D. A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum; 2008 Dec. 2-4; Indianapolis, IN. Lexington, KY, University of Kentucky.
- Deb, M.; Lindell, J.; Kong, L.; Dong, Yanhong; Ohm, H. 2008. Deoxynivalenol (DON) Accumulation in Eight Wheat Lines with Various Fusarium Head Blight Resistance Genes. Page 158 in: Canty, S. M., Walton, E., Clark, A., Ellis, D., Mundell, J., and Van Sanford, D. A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum; 2008 Dec. 2-4; Indianapolis, IN. Lexington, KY, University of Kentucky.
- Peiris, K.H.S.; Pumphrey, M.O.; Dong, Yanhong; Wegulo, S.; Berzonsky, W.; Baenziger, P.S.; Dowell, F.E. 2008. Progress on Development and Application of Single Kernel NIR Sorting Technology for Assessment of FHB Resistance in Wheat Germplasm. Page 192 in: Canty, S. M., Walton, E., Clark, A., Ellis, D., Mundell, J., and Van Sanford, D. A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum; 2008 Dec. 2-4; Indianapolis, IN. Lexington, KY, University of Kentucky.
- Goswami, R. S.; Dong, Yanhong; Punja, Z. K. 2008. Host Range and Mycotoxin Production by Fusarium equiseti Isolates Originating from Ginseng fields. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 30:155-160.
- Menke, J.R.; Dong, Yanhong; Kistler, H. C. 2008. Comparative Gene Expression Analysis of Fusarium graminearum in Triticum aestivum and Oryza sativa spp. Japonica. Page 88 in: Canty, S. M., Walton, E., Clark, A., Ellis, D., Mundell, J., and Van Sanford, D. A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum; 2008 Dec. 2-4; Indianapolis, IN. Lexington, KY, University of Kentucky.
- Agostinelli, A.; Clark, A.; Brown-Guedira, G.; Dong, Yanhong; Van Sanford, D. 2008. Genotypic and Phenotypic Selection for Head Scab Resistance in Wheat. Page 129 in: Canty, S. M., Walton, E., Clark, A., Ellis, D., Mundell, J., and Van Sanford, D. A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum; 2008 Dec. 2-4; Indianapolis, IN. Lexington, KY, University of Kentucky.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: From the screening of a genetically diverse composite cross population of barley (CC XXX) for Fusarium head blight (FHB) reaction, we selected a line (COMP 351) that consistently exhibits low disease severity and the mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON). Thus, our specific objective for this proposal was to determine the number, effect, and chromosomal position of FHB resistance loci in COMP 351 through the development of a molecular marker map. A cross was made between COMP 351 and an advanced, but susceptible Minnesota breeding line (M98-102). F2 progeny from the COMP 351/M98-102 population were advanced by single seed descent to the F4 generation. F6 families were planted in two replicates each at St. Paul and Crookston, MN. Additionally, F6 families were planted in Hangzhou, China. The nursery in St. Paul was inoculated using the "spray inoculation" method, whereas the nurseries in Crookston and Hangzhou were inoculated using the "grain spawn" method. To maintain sufficient
moisture on the spikes for optimal FHB infection, overhead mist irrigation was provided. FHB severity assessments were made when plants were at the mid-dough stage of development. In addition to the disease assessments, data were recorded for various agronomic (e.g. plant height and heading date) and spike characters (e.g. dense vs. lax and nodding vs. erect), since the level of FHB can be influenced by some of these traits. Spikes of the parents and progeny were harvested at maturity, threshed, and then submitted for DON assays. Disease levels in the St. Paul nursery were very low as the susceptible parent M98-102 exhibited no higher than 2.3% infection. Similarly, the highest FHB severity observed in any one F6 family was only 7.8%. In contrast, the disease levels in Crookston were high with the susceptible parent exhibiting FHB severities from 26-27%. The resistance of COMP 351 was expressed well in this environment as FHB severities never exceeded 4%. F6 families exhibited a wide
range of severities from 0.9% to 51.5% in replicate 1 and 0.4% to 25.6% in replicate 2. A high frequency of F6 families exhibited low FHB severities. In the Crookston nursery, 19 progeny lines were selected as having low disease severity and also heading dates comparable to Stander. We will obtain complete DON data for these lines in early 2008. Due to heterozygosity of loci in the progeny, genotyping was postponed until the F7 generation. In early 2008, we will grow 12 plants from each of the F7 families, extract DNA and then send it to Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) Ltd. in Australia for genotyping. We have used this marker system successfully in the past to develop saturated molecular maps of various barley populations. We anticipate receiving the genotyping data in April 2008 and should have the first quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses completed for FHB severity and DON accumulation by June. These data will be useful for our next research objective on validating the
expression of QTL for FHB resistance in advanced populations.
PARTICIPANTS: Personnel: Brian J. Steffenson, Professor/Project Leader Stephanie Dahl, Junior Scientist and Lab Manager Tamas Szinyei, Junior Scientist Joy Roy, Post-doctoral Research Associate Pablo Olivera, Graduate Student Cooperators: Paul B. Schwarz, NDSU, Fargo, ND Richard D. Horsley, NDSU, Fargo, ND Kevin Smith, UM, St. Paul, MN Gary Muehlbauer, UM, St. Paul, MN Ruth Dill-Macky, UM, St. Paul, MN Harold Bockelman, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID Stephen Neate, NDSU, Fargo, ND Patrick M. Hayes, OSU, Corvallis, OR
TARGET AUDIENCES: Mycotoxicologists, breeders, geneticists, and plant pathologists working on Fusarium head blight of barley Users and producers of barley
Impacts
Fusarium head blight and its associated mycotoxins have severely reduced the yield and quality of cereals produced in the United States over the past decade. Additionally, mycotoxin contaminated grain has led to health problems when fed to animals, especially swine. This project aims to develop barley germplasm that is resistant to Fusarium head blight and the accumulation of mycotoxins. The successful implementation of these objectives will lead to the development of resistant wheat and barley cultivars and reduce the threat of mycotoxin associated problems in cereal grain.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
A method for analyzing ergosterol in a single kernel and ground barley and wheat was developed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Samples were saponified in methanolic KOH. Ergosterol was extracted by "one step" hexane extraction and subsequently silylated by N-trimethylsilylimidazole/trimethylchlorosilane (TMSI/TMCS) reagent at room temperature. The recoveries of ergosterol from ground barley were 96.6, 97.1, 97.1, 88.5, and 90.3% at the levels of 0.2, 1, 5, 10, and 20 ppm, respectively. The recoveries from a single kernel were between 93.0-95.9%. The precision (coefficient of variance) of the method was in the range of 0.79 to 12.30%. The method detection limit (MDL) and the method quantification limits (MQL) were 18.5 and 55.6 ppb, respectively. The ergosterol analysis method developed can be used to handle 80 samples daily by one person, making it suitable for screening cereal cultivars for resistance to fungal infection. The ability for detecting
low levels of ergosterol in a single kernel provides a tool to investigate early fungal invasion and to study mechanisms of resistance to fungal diseases. Fusarium head blight (FHB) has adversely affected the quality of barley grown in the northern Great Plains of the United States and the eastern Prairie Provinces of Canada since 1993. Objectives of this study were to document the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) on barley within North Dakota and Minnesota, investigate relationships among FHB, DON, and malt quality, and to determine at what level FHB/DON-contaminated barley can be safely utilized for the production of quality malt. Since 1993, mean DON levels have ranged from 10.3 to 0.4 ppm, with a corresponding 81 to 32% of the regional barley crop in excess of 0.5 ppm. Strong relationships were not observed between either kernel size or kernel weight and DON. As a consequence, cleaning is unlikely to achieve significant reductions in DON levels in most cases. In terms of barley
and malt quality, the strongest relationships were observed between barley DON and malt DON and malt DON and wort color. However, malt DON levels could not be reliably predicted from barley at <1.0 ppm. Barley with a DON level of <1.0 ppm produced acceptable malt.
Impacts
Fusarium head blight and its associated mycotoxins have severely reduced the yield and quality of cereals produced in the United States over the past decade. Additionally, mycotoxin contaminated grain has led to health problems when fed to animals, especially swine. This project aims to develop improved methodology for detecting mycotoxins and fungal contamination in grain, assess quality risks associated with using Fusarium head blight infected barley malting barley, and identify wheat and barley germplasm that is resistant to Fusarium head blight and the accumulation of mycotoxins. The successful implementation of these objectives will lead to the development of resistant wheat and barley cultivars and reduce the threat of mycotoxin associated problems in cereal grain.
Publications
- Dong, Y., Steffenson, B. J., and Mirocha, C. J. 2006. Analysis of ergosterol in single kernel and ground grain by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54:4121-4125.
- Schwarz, P. B., Horsley, R. D., Steffenson, B. J., and Barr, J. M. 2006. Quality risks associated with the utilization of Fusarium head blight infected malting barley. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 64:1-7.
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