Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The MSU dry bean breeding program conducted 19 yield trials in eight market classes and participated in the growing and evaluation of the Cooperative Dry Bean, Midwest Regional Performance, and the National Sclerotinia Nurseries in Michigan in 2010 including a winter nursery in Puerto Rico. All yield trials at Frankenmuth were direct harvested, whereas the large-seeded kidney, cranberry and white mold trials at Montcalm were rod-pulled. Plots in Frankenmuth suffered from severe drought (3.25 inches rain from planting to harvest) that resulted in lower yields (average yield reduction exceeded 50% across nurseries compared to 2009) and some entries remained green and never matured. Plots at Montcalm had adequate rainfall and severe white mold infection developed under supplemental irrigation. As a result of the contrasting weather patterns, the program was able to identify sources of drought resistance in black, navy, pinto, red and great northern market classes and modest levels of white mold tolerance in cranberry and kidney bean trials. A new type-III vine cranberry bean variety, Bellagio was released by MSU in 2010. Bellagio is a vine cranberry that combines improved plant architecture, full-season maturity with disease resistance and superior canning quality. Bellagio possesses resistance to bean common mosaic virus and anthracnose, flowers in 43 days and matures in 96 days. A feeding experiment with rats was conducted to narrow the search for the component(s) of dry bean that inhibits development of colon cancer. Five hundred kg of black beans were cooked and dried. A portion of the processed beans was extracted with acidified aqueous-alcohol. The extract (approximately 5,300 L) was condensed under vacuum and low heat to approximately 350 L and then the condensed extract was mixed with corn starch and dried to allow incorporation in diets. Four diets were prepared - a control diet, a diet containing cooked-black beans, a diet containing bean residue remaining after extraction, and a diet containing bean extract. Tumor incidences were determined after feeding the diets for nine months and they were: control diet, 89%; cooked black beans, 45%; bean residue remaining after aqueous-alcohol extraction, 28%, and extracted bean components, 61%. The aqueous-alcohol extract was expected to provide the greatest protection against development of colon cancer; however, removing the aqueous-alcohol soluble components from bean actually increased the cancer inhibiting potential of beans. The search for cancer inhibiting bean components will now focus on the residue remaining after extraction. PARTICIPANTS: Co-PIs: James D. Kelly and Maurice Bennink TARGET AUDIENCES: Bean Farmers, Bean Elevator Managers in Michigan, National Food Industry and Food Processors PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None.
Impacts
In Michigan, the adoption of new upright black bean varieties from MSU breeding program has provided growers with opportunity to direct harvest the crop and thus reduce production costs. The health benefits of beans contributed to the per capita consumption which has increased nationally from less than 6 pounds per person in 2004 to 6.36 pounds in 2007.
Publications
- Bennink, M.R. 2010. Health benefits associated with consumption of dry beans. http://www.css.msu.edu/bic/PDF/Reports/BIC volume 53, pages 2-3.
- Bennink, M.R. 2010. Improving Nutritional Status and CD4 Counts in HIV-Infected Children Through Nutritional Support (PIII-MSU-3). Electronic Proc. Global PI Meeting. http://www.pulsecrsp.msu.edu/AboutUs/GlobalPIMeeting2010/GlobalMeetin g2010Presentations/tabid/136/Default.aspx.
- Bennink, M.R. 2010. Potential for beans to address global health concerns. Electronic Proc. Global PI Meeting. http://www.pulsecrsp.msu.edu/AboutUs/Global PIMeeting2010/GlobalMeeting2010Presentations/tabid/136/Default.aspx.
- Kelly, J.D., Varner, G.V. and Long, B. 2010. Registration of Santa Fe pinto bean. J. Plant Registrations 4:12-16.
- Kelly, J.D., Varner, G.V. and Wright, E.M. 2010. Registration of Bellagio cranberry bean. J. Plant Registrations 4: 171-174.
- Kwapata, K., Sabzikar, R., Sticklen, M.B., and Kelly, J.D. 2010. In vitro regeneration and morphogenesis studies in common bean. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ. Cult.: J. Plant Biotechnology. 100:97-105.
- Mosha, T.C.E. and Bennink, M.R. 2010. Microelement and amino acid profiles of cereal-bean-sardine composite supplementary foods for preschool-age children in Tanzania. J Food Processing and Preservation. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2009000443.x
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The MSU dry bean breeding program conducted 20 yield trials in eight market classes and participated in the growing and evaluation of the Cooperative Dry Bean, Midwest Regional Performance, and the National Sclerotinia Dry Bean Nurseries in Michigan in 2009. All yield trials at Frankenmuth were direct harvested, whereas the large-seeded kidney, cranberry and white mold trials at Montcalm were rod-pulled. Plots in Frankenmuth had an epidemic of common bacterial blight (CBB) and white mold due to high rainfall in June/July. As a result the program was able to identify high levels of CBB resistance in black, navy, pinto, red and great northern market classes. With few exceptions the highest-yielding entries in all tests had the highest levels of CBB resistance. Yields were favorable despite the disease pressure and averaged 24-31 cwt/acre and the best lines exceeded 35 cwt/acre. Trails at Montcalm were severely damaged by white mold in 2009 and yields reflected damage due to disease. The cranberry beans were the most susceptible followed by kidneys, but certain lines that showed more tolerance were identified. Entries in the National Sclerotinia Trial showed favorable levels of resistance as did entries in pinto recombinant inbred line (RIL) population genetic study. Other studies included the evaluation of RIL population for reaction to potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae), two 32-entry trials under organic management system, cooperative 36-entry drought trial that was partially damaged due to flooding. Rapid fermentation of oligosaccharides 3-5 hr after eating beans is the primary cause of flatus during that time period, but oligosaccharides account for less than 50% of the gas produced in the large intestine when beans are consumed. Fermentation of bean fiber accounts for more than 50% of the gas associated with eating beans. However, oligosaccharides may function as prebiotics and many researchers contend that prebiotics help maintain a healthy colon. Therefore, oligosaccharides may be one of the factors in dry beans that helps prevent colon cancer. An experiment was designed to determine if feeding bean oligosaccharides would reduce colon cancer. Oligosaccharides were extracted from cooked beans with 60% ethanol and the oligosaccharides in half of the extract were hydrolyzed to absorbable sugars by a galactosidase. Colon cancer was initiated in rats with azoxymethane and the two extracts were fed to determine if the extract containing oligosaccharides reduced colon cancer. The concentrations of oligosaccharides (intact and hydrolyzed) in the diets were equivalent to what would be contained in diets that reduced colon cancer in our previous research. The colon cancer incidence was higher in the group of rats fed the extract containing oligosaccharides than in the group fed the extract with hydrolyzed oligosaccharides. Thus, bean oligosaccharides do not help prevent colon cancer and bean breeding or food processing techniques to reduce or eliminate oligosaccharides would not be expected to reduce the anti-colon cancer activity associated with eating beans. PARTICIPANTS: Co PIs: James D. Kelly and Maurice Bennink TARGET AUDIENCES: Bean Farmers, Bean Elevator Managers in Michigan, National Food Industry, and Food Processors PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
In Michigan, the adoption of new upright black bean varieties from MSU breeding program has provided growers with opportunity to direct harvest the crop and thus reduce production costs. The health benefits of beans contributed to the per capita consumption which has increased nationally from less than 6 pounds per person in 2004 to 6.36 pounds in 2007.
Publications
- Cichy, K.A., Blair, M.W., Galeno-Mendoza, C.H., Snapp, S.S., and Kelly, J.D. 2009. QTL analysis of root architecture traits and low phosphorus tolerance in an Andean bean population. Crop Sci. 49:59-68. Kelly, J.D., Varner, G.V., O'Boyle, P., and Long, B. 2009. Registration of 'Zorro' black bean. J. Plant Registrations 3:226-230.
- Kelly, J.D., Varner, G.V., Roman, B., and Long, B. 2009. Registration of 'Fuji' Otebo bean. J. Plant Registrations 3:223-225.
- Mentor-Marcel, R.A., Bobe, G., Barrett, K., Young, M.R., Albert, P.S., Bennink, M.R., Lanza, E., and Colburn, N.H. 2009. Inflammation-associated serum and colon markers as indicators of dietary attenuation of colon carcinogenesis in ob/ob mice. Cancer Prev. Res. 2(1):60-69.
- Tako, E., Glahn, R.P., Laparra, J.M., Welch, R.M., Lei, X., Kelly, J.D., Rutzke, M.A. and Miller, D.D. 2009. Iron and zinc bioavailabilities to pigs from red and white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are similar. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57:3134-3140.
- Vallejo, V., and Kelly, J.D. 2009. New insights into the anthracnose resistance of common bean landrace G 2333. The Open Horticulture J. 2:29-33.
- Kelly, J.D., Varner, G.V., and Sprague, C.L. 2009. Zorro. A new black bean for Michigan. Ext. Bull. E-3069. Kelly, J.D., Varner, G.V., and Sprague, C.L. 2009. Santa Fe. A new pinto bean for Michigan. Ext. Bull. E-3070. Kelly, J.D., Varner, G.V., and Sprague, C.L. 2009. Fuji. New Otebo (Tebo) bean for Michigan. Ext. Bull. E-3071.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The MSU dry bean breeding program participated in the growing and evaluation of the Cooperative Dry Bean, Midwest Regional Performance, the National Sclerotinia Dry Bean Nurseries and two organic trials in Michigan in 2008. All yield trials at Saginaw were direct harvested, except vine cranberry and bush tebo tests. The large-seeded kidney, cranberry and white mold trials at Montcalm were rod-pulled. Plots in Saginaw had one of the most severe epidemics of common bacterial blight (CBB) in years due to high rainfall in June/July. As a result the program was able to identify high levels of resistance in black, navy, pinto, red and great northern market classes. With few exceptions the highest-yielding entries in all tests had the highest levels of CBB resistance. Yields averaged 17-22 cwt/acre and the best lines exceeded 30 cwt/acre, but yields were overall lower due to the blight pressure. Overall trails at Montcalm were excellent in 2008 and yields were high, exceeding 38 cwt/acre in cranberry, 47 cwt/acre in kidney tests and 53 cwt/acre in the white mold test, where the overall mean yield exceeded 39 cwt/acre. One pinto line exceeded 50 cwt/acre in both the standard and genetic white mold tests. Black bean breeding line B04554 was released as the variety Zorro based on a combination of favorable characteristics for upright architecture, high yield, mid-season maturity and dry down, suitability for direct harvest, improved levels of resistance to CBB and rust and excellent canning quality. Pinto bean breeding line P04205 was released as the variety Santa Fe based on a combination of favorable characteristics for upright architecture, high yield, mid-season maturity and dry down, suitability for direct harvest, improved levels of resistance to white mold and rust and acceptable canning quality. Otebo bean breeding line G05922 was released as the variety Fuji based on a combination of favorable characteristics for bush habit, early-season maturity, and improved levels of resistance to bean common mosaic virus. Fuji is suitable for export markets for use in sweet bean paste. It is estimated that appropriate nutrition could prevent 70-80% of all cases of colon cancer. A reduction in colon cancer through dietary means is important, as the annual treatment costs for colon cancer in the USA are estimated to be $6.5 billion. Both animal and human studies show that consumption of beans will reduce the incidence of colon cancer. Two of the main risk factors for colon cancer, which are both diet related, are obesity and inflammation. Therefore, we utilized an obese animal model to determine if feeding beans would reduce inflammation and colon cancer. Colon cancer was induced by injecting azoxymethane. Mice fed navy beans had significantly fewer colon tumors than mice fed the control diet. Although bean fed and control mice had similar degrees of obesity, bean fed mice had lower levels of inflammatory markers in their blood. PARTICIPANTS: Co PIs. James D. Kelly and Maurice Bennink TARGET AUDIENCES: Bean Farmers, Bean Elevator Managers in Michigan; National Food Industry and Food Processors PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
In Michigan, the adoption of new upright black bean varieties from MSU breeding program has provided growers with opportunity to direct harvest the crop and thus reduce production costs. The health benefits of beans contributed to the per capita consumption which has increased nationally from less than 6 pounds per person in 2004 to 6.36 pounds in 2007.
Publications
- Awale, H. E. Falconi, J. C. Villatoro and J.D. Kelly. 2008. Control y caracterizacion de aislamientos de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum de Ecuador y Guatemala. Revista Agronomia Mesoamericana 19: 1-6.
- Bobe, G., Barrett, K.G., Mentor-Marcel, R.A., Saffiotti, U., Young, M.R., Colburn, N.H., Albert, P.S., Bennink, M.R. and Lanza, E. 2008. Dietary Cooked Navy Beans and Their Fractions Attenuate Colon Carcinogenesis in Azoxymethane-Induced Ob/Ob Mice. Nutr Cancer. 60(3): 373 - 381.
- Ender, M., K. Terpstra, and J.D. Kelly. 2008. Marker-assisted selection for white mold resistance in common bean. Mol. Breed. 21:149-157.
- Ernest, E.G., E. Falconi, E. Peralta and J.D. Kelly. 2008. Uso de una encuesta a agricultores para orientar el fitomejoramiento de frijol en Ecuador. Revista Agronomia Mesoamericana 19: 7-18.
- Vallejo, V.A., and J. D. Kelly. 2008. Molecular tagging and genetic characterization of alleles at the Co-1 anthracnose resistance locus in common bean. ICFAI Univ. J. Genetics & Evolution 1:7-20.
- Wright, E.M. 2008. Mapping QTL for agronomic and canning quality traits in black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). M.S. thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI. 155pp.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The MSU dry bean breeding program participated in the growing and evaluation of the Cooperative Dry Bean, Midwest Regional Performance, the National Sclerotinia Dry Bean Nurseries and two organic trials in Michigan in 2007. All yield trials at Saginaw were direct harvested, except vine cranberry and bush tebo tests. The large-seeded kidney, cranberry and white mold trials at Montcalm were rod-pulled. Despite a favorable planting season, the lack of precipitation in June following planting severely reduced plant growth in Saginaw but there was excellent recovery in the longer season small-seeded classes such as navy and black beans due to more favorable rainfall amounts in late July and August. Yields averaged 25 cwt per acre and the best lines exceeded 30 cwt per acre, but yields were overall lower in the earlier season pinto, great northern, red and pink beans. No major disease problems were encountered in 2007 but higher temperatures limited the spread of white mold
despite access to irrigation at Montcalm. Overall trials at Montcalm were excellent in 2007 and yields were high, exceeding 33 cwt per acre in cranberry and kidney tests and 42 cwt per acre in the white mold test, where the overall mean yield exceeded 32 cwt per acre. The highest yielding entry B07104 in the white mold trials came from an inbred backcross line population developed from the cross of Tacana with PI 318695. PI 318695 is a wild accession from Mexico. Beans are noted for having a low glycemic index. However, beans are not widely consumed. If beans were incorporated into snack foods, baked products, or dry breakfast cereals, perhaps bean consumption would be greater. A snack food was prepared by extruding a 90 percent bean,10 percent cornstarch mixture. Bread was prepared with a 60 percent bean, 40 percent wheat flour mixture. The glycemic indices resulting from consuming these foods were: glucose (control) equals 100; cooked beans equals 23; canned beans equals 28;
extruded snack product equals 45, and the bread product equals 47. The glycemic indices of all bean products were significantly lower than the glucose and the canned and cooked beans were significantly lower than the bean snack and the bread containing bean. Although the glycemic indices of the snack product and the bread were higher than cooked and canned beans, people would still benefit by consuming beans in extruded snack foods and in baked products.
PARTICIPANTS: Co PIs. James D. Kelly and Maurice Bennink.
TARGET AUDIENCES: Bean Farmers, Bean Elevator Managers in Michigan; National Food Industry and Food Processors.
Impacts
In Michigan, the adoption of new upright black bean varieties from MSU breeding program has provided growers with opportunity to direct harvest the crop and thus reduce production costs. The health benefits of beans contributed to the per capita consumption which has increased nationally from less than 6 pounds per person in 2004 to 6.36 pounds in 2007.
Publications
- Pastor-Corrales, M.A., Kelly, J.D., Steadman, J.R., Lindgren, D.T., Stavely, J.R., and Coyne, D.P. (2007) Registration of six great northern bean germplasm lines developed for enhanced resistance to rust and bean common mosaic and necrosis potyviruses: BelMiNeb-RMR-8,-9,-10, -11,-12,-13. J. Plant Registrations 1:77-79.
- Vidigal Filho, P.S., Goncalves-Vidigal, M.C., Kelly, J.D., and Kirk, W.W. (2007) Sources of resistance to anthracnose in traditional common bean cultivars from Parana, Brazil. J. Phytopathology 155:108-113.
- Miklas, P.N., Larsen, K.M., K.A. Terpstra, K.A., Hauf, D.C., Grafton, K.F., and Kelly, J.D. (2007) QTL analysis of ICA Bunsi-derived resistance to white mold in a pinto x navy bean cross. Crop Sci. 47:174-179.
- O Boyle, P. D., Kirk, W.W., and Kelly, J.D. (2007) Use of marker-assisted selection to breed for resistance to common bacterial blight in common bean. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 132:381-386.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Twenty-four replicated yield trials consisting of standard released varieties and over 500 advanced experimental lines of dry bean in nine commercial classes including the Cooperative Dry Bean, Midwest Regional Performance, and the National Sclerotinia Dry Bean Nurseries were evaluated in Michigan in 2006. The warmer growing season favored the development of common bacterial blight and progress was made in identification of lines with enhanced levels of resistance. Among these, the most promising were three kidney bean lines from the USDA-ARS program in Washington and a group of navy and black seeded lines from MSU. The level of resistance appears to be adequate for the Michigan production area and should help encourage local seed production. Future plans to release some of these materials will depend on confirming performance and quality traits. Selected navy beans (10 entries) produced in two Michigan commercial field plot trials were processed using a generic
tomato based sauce and a still retort cook. These canned products were visually assessed and rated for processing quality in "side by side" comparisons with MSU brined packed samples by representatives of the bean industry. Rating scores and quantitative quality evaluations were conducted. Results indicated that wide differences in canning quality were demonstrated among bean materials and between bean production locations. The production sites were in Gratiot and Huron counties and are representative of predominant bean acreage. The trends among bean materials (cultivars and selected lines) between brined and generic tomato sauce samples were similar and support the utility of brined packed screening for assessing canning quality. The results of this study are valuable to assess the status of canning performance in segregated bean materials produced under defined conditions. Research in the nutrition and health arena indicates that consistent consumption of beans will help reduce the
odds of developing Type 2 diabetes, colon cancer, and breast cancer. Most North Americans eat very few beans and it is clear that cooked and canned beans do not fit into the lifestyle and taste preferences of most North Americans. Therefore, a long term goal is to increase bean consumption by making alternative bean products available to the consumer. An extruded snack type of product that contained 90% bean - 10% starch was produced. The product had an acceptable crispy texture and was shelf stable. The flavor of the puffed product was influenced by the market class of the bean. Flavor preference varied widely, but the milder flavored beans (cranberry, small reds) had the greatest acceptance. Market class influenced the texture and density of the final product also. Ranking the market classes from the lightest, softest product to the hardest, densest product was: cranberry beans > pinto beans = small red beans> navy beans > light red kidney = dark red kidney = black beans. The
extruded products can be flavored or used with dips to meet individual tastes and improve palatability. The results to date indicate good acceptance of the bean snack products.
Impacts
In Michigan, the adoption of new black bean varieties with resistance to white mold has resulted in a savings in fungicides costs to growers of $28/acre. Research in the nutrition and health arena indicates that consistent consumption of beans will help reduce the odds of developing Type 2 diabetes, colon cancer, and breast cancer.
Publications
- Dolan K.D., Siddiq, M., Harte, J.B. and Uebersax, M.A. 2006. Use of the Shear Press for Process Development of Sugar-Coated Beans. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 30: 449-457.
- Goncalves-Vidigal, M.C. and Kelly, J.D. 2006. Inheritance of anthracnose resistance in the common bean cultivar Widusa. Euphytica 151:411-419.
- Kelly, J.D., Hosfield, G.L., Varner, G.V., Uebersax M.A. and Taylor J.. 2006. Registration of Capri cranberry bean. Crop Sci 46:2706-2707.
- Kelly, J.D., Hosfield, G.L., Varner, G.V., Uebersax M.A. and Taylor. J. 2006. Registration of Sedona pink bean. Crop Sci 46:2707-2708.
- Miklas, P.N., Kelly, J.D., Beebe, S.E. and Blair M.W. 2006. Common bean breeding for resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses: From classical to MAS breeding. Euphytica 147:105-131.
- Miklas, P.N., Grafton, K.F., Hauf, D. and J.D. Kelly. 2006. Registration of partial white mold resistant pinto bean germplasm line USPT-WM-1. Crop Sci. 46: 2339.
- Armenia, A.R.O. 2006. Transformation and in vitro culture studies to enhance white mold resistance in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). MS Thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI. 116pp.
- Kelly, J.D. and Varner, G.V. 2006. Capri a new cranberry bean for Michigan. E2963. Michigan State University, E. Lansing MI.
- Kelly, J.D. and Varner, G.V. 2006. Sedona a new pink bean for Michigan. E2964. Michigan State University, E. Lansing MI.
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