Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The activities completed during this grant cycle involved the statistical analysis of U.S. Census data that hold relevance for understanding the processes of Latino incorporation to new receiving areas. The data collected include: Decennial Census full counts of 1. population change (1990 to 2000) at national, state, and region units of analysis, 2. Index of Latinization for all U.S. counties, 3. New York Latino demographics (county, census tracks, and block groups), 4. analysis of Latinos in New York grape producing counties, 5. GIS mapping of Latino in-migration in rural New York counties in decline, and 5. New York urban and rural comparisons. Also analyzed were Public Use Microdata Samples (1:6) of New York non-metro SuperPUMAs and American Community Survey updates (through 2007). Data were disaggregated by Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Dominican populations for measures of poverty, occupation, industry, income, and housing. We also fully disaggregated the Latino category on PUMS, Summary File 3 and 4 population files for all New York counties. Finally, a detailed analysis of intermountain west Latinization was conducted at city, county, and block levels. Events included presentation at scholarly conferences including a paper presented with Professor Angela Gonzales and K. Whitney Mauer on The 21st Century Racialized Demography of Rural Spaces: Boom/Bust Towns and Rural Minority Populations at the Rural Sociology Society Annual Meetings in Manchester, New Hampshire on July 30, 2008. I will discuss findings and its relation to new Hatch funded research utilizing public school data for the Center for Rural New York Schools in January 2009. Dissemination plans are in the works for a Summer 2009 release date. Extension publications are included in publications section but in concert with CaRDI and the Cornell Farmworker Program, distribution plans are in process that will allow access to findings for the full spectrum of stakeholders in New York State. The reports adhere to the format of the prior CaRDI publications that are disseminated in paper format, on the website, and a specifically targeted mailing to external stakeholders. Two scholarly journal submissions will make findings available to the scholarly community. Finally, the research findings also have an intended broader public education reach in the form of a full-length book manuscript under expedited review with Russell Sage Foundation Press. The book, coauthored with Alicia Swords, employs a comparative analysis of Census data on Latinization and partially relies upon data on comparative Latinizations at the regional level collected by Hatch funded research assistants (Northeast, South, Midwest, and Northwest). A second study on re-emerging Latino destinations, particularly to Colorado and the Intermountain West, is currently being pretested for a potential future research project with external funding. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals Alicia Swords, Ph.D. (2005-2006), Assistant Professor of Sociology, Ithaca College, Graduate Research Assistant and Postdoctoral Affiliate K. Whitney Mauer, Ph.D. Candidate (Summer 2007), Development Sociology, Graduate Research Assistant Molly Anne Baker, Development Sociology '09 -- Hatch Supplemental Award (Spring 2007) Undergraduate Research Assistant Sarah Heath Olesiuk, J.D. Candidate, Boston College, Development Sociology '08 (2005-2008) Undergraduate Research Assistant Elias Saba, Ph.D. Candidate, University of Pennsylvania, Near Eastern Studies '08 (Fall 2005 - 2008) Undergraduate Research Assistant Aditi Mehta, City and Regional Planning B.S. '07 (2005 - 2007), Undergraduate Research Assistant and Temporary Employee-GIS Collaborating Organizations: CaRDI, Cornell Farmworker Program, Center for Rural New York Schools. TARGET AUDIENCES: Government Officials, City Planners, School Officials, Social Service Providers, Community Organizations, and Community Development Agencies. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The anticipated outcomes of the Latinization research project were to both add to our scientific body of knowledge in the multidisciplinary field of migration studies and add new and original insights into how the field is currently viewing immigrant adaptation, labor market concentrations, and migrant stream construction and maintenance. The outcomes were intended to supply planners, educators, and community development agencies with the data necessary to recognize the role that immigrant communities can play in future planning and development efforts as well as demonstrate where linkages can be made to strengthen the infrastructures that ease the settlement process. In terms of the findings, our research found no upstate New York county meets the twin thresholds for "Latinization" as defined by the percent population exceeding the national average and a ten year growth rate exceeding 100 percent. Nonetheless, the long term significance of Latinization in New York is due to Latino nonmetro in-migration to communities experiencing overall population decline. As Latinos become a larger percentage of the population, their quality of life will become more important for planners and other stakeholders. We currently have Hatch funding to examine school data as a proxy for the future population trends and will be able to make more informed projections of the future Latino population in counties experiencing overall population decline. PUMS analysis of the infrastructure of social support thesis was inconclusive in upstate New York due to the statistically insignificant numbers of Latinos residing in non-metro counties. Yet, significant findings relate to the comparative dimensions of this research. The Intermountain West (including the Rocky Mountain regions of Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado) are experiencing Latinization as re-emerging destinations. Originally mining towns that attracted Mexican immigrants at the turn of the last century, new resort destinations are experiencing significant growth rates but the economic restructuring of the region is resulting in Mexican immigrants filling the niches of the "new serving classes" (Sassen 2006). We also find that in Midwest meatpacking communities, there is little to almost no infrastructure of social support due to an astoundingly high Latino concentration in meatpacking occupations. We find upwards of 80 to 90 percent of all employed Latinos employed in the meatpacking towns of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Nebraska. Our findings are currently being prepared for publication to be submitted to Rural Sociology and City and Community. Tentative titles are The 21st Century Racialized Demography of Rural Spaces: Boom/Bust Towns and Rural Minority Populations (with Angela Gonzales and Whitney Mauer) and Latinization and Spatial Diffusion: White Out-Migration and Latino In-Migration in Select New York Communities (with Aditi Mehta, Sarah Heath Olesiuk, and Elias Saba). Finally, summary findings are included in a book-length manuscript (with Alicia Swords) under expedited review with Russell Sage Foundation Press entitled Mexican Labor for U.S. Consumption: From Braceros to NAFTA, 1942-2009.
Publications
- Mize, R.L., Saba, E., Olesiuk, S.H., Mehta, A. and Baker, M.A. 2009. Latinization of Upstate New York Trends and Comparisons. CaRDI Research and Policy Brief Series (Forthcoming, July).
- Mize, R.L., Saba, E., Olesiuk, S.H., and Mehta, A. 2009. Latino In-Migration among Counties in Decline: Evidence from 20 Upstate New York Counties. CaRDI Rural New York Minute (Forthcoming, June).
- Mize, R.L. and Baker, M.A. 2009. The Infrastructure of Social Support and Economic Options for Latino Immigrants Beyond the Grape Belt. CaRDI Rural New York Minute (Forthcoming, June).
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The Latinization of New York research project is in the data collection, analysis, and write up phases. We have focused on the Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) data to conduct multi-level data comparisons. Data are then linked with Decennial Census summary files and American Community Survey data. In mid-2007, new ACS data were released for 2006 so we are updating trends from 2000 to 2006 and we anticipate one more update before the end of this grant cycle. We are employing both SPSS and ArcGIS statistical software packages to extract and analyze data. This requires a substantial amount of data extraction training and even with the turnover of staff, every research assistant is now proficient in American Fact Finder, DataFerret, SPSS, and ArcGIS map and table generation. Due to organizational changes at Cornell, our publication and extension venue for reaching external stakeholders has been reconfigured under the auspices of the Community and Regional Development
Institute (CARDI). We now have two extension publications in the queue: 1. Latino in-migration in overall population decline counties in upstate New York, and 2. Grape-growing counties in New York and Latino in-migration patterns. The reports will adhere to the format of the prior Rural New York Initiative research reports that were disseminated in paper format, on the website, and a specifically targeted mailing to external stakeholders. We have worked with the Cornell Farmworker Program to help identify established stakeholders who are interested in our findings. The research also has an intended broader public education reach in the form of a full-length book manuscript under second revision at Cornell University Press. The book employs a comparative analysis of Census data on Latinization and partially relies upon data on comparative Latinizations at the regional level collected by Hatch funded research assistants (Northeast, South, Midwest, and Northwest). Southwest data were
collected separately from the Hatch-funded research. Both datasets have been combined in a second study on re-emerging Latino destinations, particularly to Colorado and the Intermountain West. We anticipate this research project will result in an externally funded grant by a national agency or foundation and thus broaden the overall scope and impact of the initially proposed research.
PARTICIPANTS: Individuals Alicia Swords, Ph.D. (2005-2006), Assistant Professor of Sociology, Ithaca College, Graduate Research Assistant and Postdoctoral Affiliate K. Whitney Mauer, Ph.D. Candidate (Summer 2007), Development Sociology, Graduate Research Assistant Molly Anne Baker, Development Sociology '08 -- Hatch Supplemental Award (Spring 2007), Undergraduate Research Assistant Sarah Heath Olesiuk, Development Sociology '08 (Summer 2005 - Present), Undergraduate Research Assistant Elias Saba, Near Eastern Studies '08 (Fall 2005 - Present), Undergraduate Research Assistant Aditi Mehta, City and Regional Planning B.S. '07 (Fall 2005 - Spring 2007), Undergraduate Research Assistant and Temporary Employee-GIS
TARGET AUDIENCES: Policy makers Community organizations Social service providers School districts Planners Community developers
Impacts
The Latinization research project will both add to our scientific body of knowledge in the multidisciplinary field of migration studies and add new and original insights into how the field is currently viewing immigrant adaptation, labor market concentrations, and migrant stream construction and maintenance. The findings should supply planners, educators, and community development agencies with the data necessary to recognize the important role that immigrant communities can play in future planning and development efforts as well as demonstrate where linkages can be made to strengthen the infrastructures that ease the settlement process. The overall intention is to initiate the study of social support infrastructures in both the New York rural region but in all major receiving areas of Latino immigrants. The data will provide both policy makers and social service providers with the necessary tools to evaluate their particular communities and the special issues that
their clientele are dealing with on a daily basis. In addition, the eventual outcome would ideally translate into a better quality of life for low-income Latinos and Mexicans residing in rural New York. We anticipate securing feedback from stakeholders after our first round of extension publications and will shape our next research project based upon their input in addition to remedying data quality issues that arose in our analysis of Census data. We anticipate the investigation of migration and settlement trends through an analysis of New York school data and have applied for Hatch funding to continue our research in this new direction after we complete our initial Latinization study based upon Census data.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
The Latinization of New York research project is currently in the data collection, analysis, and initial write up phases. The research team has been required to substantially revise its approach due to confidential Census data access issues. It became clear to the team, after substantial outside consultation, that the amount of time needed to secure access would far exceed the funding period of the grant. Our shift has been to focus on the Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) data to compute multi-level data analyses. Data are then linked with Decennial Census summary files and American Community Survey data. We are employing both SPSS and ArcGIS statistical software packages to extract and analyze data. This requires substantial amount of data extraction training but each of the research assistants are becoming quite proficient in American Fact Finder, DataFerret, SPSS programming, and ArcGIS map and table generation. We are in the process of preparing a report for
the Rural New York Initiative Report Series that will discuss Latinization in rural New York by first examining the Latino in-migration trends to counties experiencing overall population declines. In addition, PI Mize has submitted a full-length book manuscript that is currently under review with Cornell University Press. The book employs a comparative analysis of Census data on Latinization and was submitted for review in late December 2006. The book partially relies upon data on comparative Latinizations at the regional level collected by Hatch funded research assistants (Northeast, South, Midwest, and Northwest). Southwest data were collected separately from the Hatch-funded research. Both datasets will be combined as we are beginning a sub-study of re-emerging Latino destinations. In addition, we are in the process of solidifying connections with the Cornell Farmworker Program to facilitate a wider dissemination of our findings utilizing their linkages with Extension.
Impacts
The Latinization research project will both add to our scientific body of knowledge in the field of migration studies and add new and original insights into how the field is currently viewing immigrant adaptation, labor market concentrations, and migrant stream construction and maintenance. The findings should supply planners, educators, and community development agencies with the data necessary to recognize the important role that immigrant communities can play in future planning and development efforts as well as demonstrate where linkages can be made to strengthen the infrastructures that ease the settlement process. The overall intention is to initiate the study of social support infrastructures in both the New York rural region but in all major receiving areas of Latino immigrants. The data will provide both policy makers and social service providers with the necessary tools to evaluate their particular communities and the special issues that their clientele are
dealing with on a daily basis. In addition, the eventual outcome would ideally translate into a better quality of life for low-income Latinos and Mexicans residing in rural New York.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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