Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: OUTPUTS: Summary of food taro development follows: Ten hybrid taro varieties developed with tolerance to taro leaf blight in Hawaii were evaluated by University of Puerto Rico (PR) under the conditions of the Caribbean Basin. Five of the hybrids were more tolerant to the disease than PR varieties (Blanc and Lila). Tolerance was demonstrated in significantly more photosynthetic leaf area and yield potential than that of PR varieties; more efficient in accumulating leaf size and dry weight per unit of time; and lower death rate. Corm fresh weight of one hybrid (2002-19F) was more to that of both PR varieties. Seven of the 10 Hawaiian varieties had significant better stand than Blanca (51%) and varieties MP2 and PN2 had a significantly better stand than Lila (71%). Three hybrids (2002-19F, PN2 and MP2) significantly out yielded. Two hybrid taro varieties continued to show a high adoption rate by commercial growers in Hawaii on the islands of Kauai and Maui. Hybrid Lehua Hoohua (formerly 1999-6) had the highest adoption rate and a major source of raw material for production of one taro processor in Hawaii. Another hybrid 2002-56 showed a significant adoption rate by commercial growers on the island of Kauai and distributed for trials on the island of Maui. Summary of ornamental taro follows: Six plant patents were approved by the US Patent Office for new ornamental taro hybrids developed for the container and landscape marketplace. Five patents were approved in 2009 and include the following: Colocasia plant named `MAUI MAGIC`, Colocasia plant named `Hawaiian Eye`, Colocasia plant named `Blue Hawaii`, Colocasia plant named `Diamond Head`, and Colocasia plant named `Hilo Bay`. In 2009, a new hybrid named 'Kona Coffee' was selected and marketed starting in 2010 as an exclusive to Home Depot for a period of four years. In 2010, another plant patent was approved for Colocasia plant named 'Pineapple Princess' (Patent No. PP20,982, issued 5/11/2010). Five of the six are being marketed under the 'Royal Hawaiian Colocasias' (RHC)(see www.royalhawaiiancolocasias.com) trademark brand nationally and internationally. In 2010, five new ornamental taro hybrids were selected as potential candidates as future additions to the RHC collection. The five new plants will be evaluated at the California Spring Trials in March 2011. A plant patent will be applied for 'Kona Coffee' in 2011. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
New taro hybrids for food have been developed that are more tolerant and higher yielding than traditional varieties and are being increasing adopted as replacements by commercial growers in Hawaii. Seven new ornamental taro hybrids have been developed for the ornamental container and landscape market and being marketed under the trademark brand 'Royal Hawaiian Colocasias' in the USA, Canada, and Europe.
Publications
- 1. Cho, J. J. 2006. The Hawaiian taro: origins, movement and reinvention. Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales Conference, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. http://www.idiaf.org.do/administrador/conferencias/conferencias/Yauti a.pdf.
- 2. John J. Cho, Roy A. Yamakawa, and James Hollyer. 2007. Hawaiian kalo, past and future. Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. CES Sustainable Agriculture SA-1, 8pp, http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/SA-1.pdf
- 3. Colocasia plant named "Pineapple Princess". 2010. Patent No. PP20,982. http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-ParserSect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=P ALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=PP20982.PN. &OS=PN/PP20982&RS=PN/PP20982.
- 4. Colocasia plant named "Blue Hawaii". 2009. Patent No. PP20,003. http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-ParserSect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1 &u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s 1=PP20003&OS=PP20003&RS=PP20003.
- 5. Colocasia plant named "Diamond Head". 2009. Patent No. PP19,939. http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-ParserSect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=P ALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=PP19939.PN. &OS=PN/PP19939&RS=PN/PP19939.
- 6. Colocasia plant named "Hawaiian Eye". 2009. Patent No. PP19,884. http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-ParserSect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1 &u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s 1=pp19884&OS=pp19884&RS=pp19884.
- 7. Colocasia plant named "Hilo Bay". 2009. Patent No. PP20,108. http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-ParserSect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1 &u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s 1=PP20,108&OS=PP20,108&RS=PP20,108.
- 8. Colocasia plant named "Maui Magic". 2009. Patent No. PP19,625. http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-ParserSect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=P ALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=PP19625.PN. &OS=PN/PP19625&RS=PN/PP19625.
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Summary of food taro development follows: Ten hybrid taro varieties developed with tolerance to taro leaf blight in Hawaii were evaluated by University of Puerto Rico (PR) under the conditions of the Caribbean Basin. Five of the hybrids were more tolerant to the disease than PR varieties (Blanc and Lila). Tolerance was demonstrated in significantly more photosynthetic leaf area and yield potential than that of PR varieties; more efficient in accumulating leaf size and dry weight per unit of time; and lower death rate. Corm fresh weight of one hybrid (2002-19F) was more to that of both PR varieties. Seven of the 10 Hawaiian varieties had significant better stand than Blanca (51%) and varieties MP2 and PN2 had a significantly better stand than Lila (71%). Three hybrids (2002-19F, PN2 and MP2) significantly out yielded. Two hybrid taro varieties continued to show a high adoption rate by commercial growers in Hawaii on the islands of Kauai and Maui. Hybrid Lehua Hoohua (formerly 1999-6) had the highest adoption rate and a major source of raw material for production of one taro processor in Hawaii. Another hybrid 2002-56 showed a significant adoption rate by commercial growers on the island of Kauai and distributed for trials on the island of Maui. Summary of ornamental taro follows: Five plant patents were approved by the US Patent Office for new ornamental taro hybrids developed for the container and landscape marketplace. The patents include the following: Colocasia plant named `MAUI MAGIC`, Colocasia plant named `Hawaiian Eye`, Colocasia plant named `Blue Hawaii`, Colocasia plant named `Diamond Head`, and Colocasia plant named `Hilo Bay`. Four of the five are being marketed under the 'Royal Hawaiian Colocasia' (RHC) trademark brand nationally and internationally. The fifth is being marketed as an exclusive brand through Ball Horticulture. Six new hybrids were selected to be marketed in 2010. Five of the new hybrids will be marketed under RHC and the sixth will be marketed as an exclusive to Home Depot. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
New taro hybrids for food have been developed that are more tolerant and higher yielding than traditional varieties and are being increasing adopted as replacements by commercial growers. Eleven new ornamental taro hybrids have been developed for the ornamental container and landscape market and being marketed under the trademark brand 'Royal Hawaiian Colocasias'.
Publications
- Ortiz C.E. and J.J. Cho. 2009. Horticultural performance of new blight-tolerant varieties of taro. Proceedings of the Caribbean Food Crop Society 45: In press.
- Ortiz C.E., J.J. Cho, E. Rosa-Marquez and L.E. Rivera. 2007. El tizon foliar de Colocasia esculenta en Puerto Rico. Proceedings of the Caribbean Food Crop Society 43:134-138.
- Rivera, L.E., C.E. Ortiz, and J.J. Cho. 2008. Response of Taro var. Lila or Bun Long to Levels of Supplemental Irrigation. Proceedings of the Caribbean Food Crop Society 44: In Press.
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Several hybrid food taros have been developed through breeding. These hybrids are being evaluated on the islands of Kauai, Maui, Oahu, and Molokai. Currently, the most widely accepted hybrid is BC99-6 that was developed from a genetic cross between an F1 hybrid cross between a taro leaf blight resistant cultivar (Bangkok) from Thailand and a Samoan food taro cultivar (Nuie Waula) and a Hawaiian food taro cultivar (Maui Lehua). This hybrid has been consistent throughout the entire testing period, and has been adopted by increasing number of growers, at this point, by different degrees. One Kauai grower has about 30% of his plantation planted with BC99-6. Another Kauai grower currently has about 50% of his plantings in BC99-6. A Maui grower currently has 25% of his planting in 99-6 and has indicated that he plans to increase this amount to at least 50% of his plantation. Three hybrids from the breeding program have been recently named. Naming of the three new hybrid taros released by the CTAHR breeding program followed the groupings used by early Hawaiians in the nomenclature of varieties and adopted in 1939 by the University of Hawaii scientists Whitney, Bowers, and Takahashi. Hybrid (BC99-6) was named Lehua Hoohua, Hoohua means the Lehua that produces abundant (a lot of) lehua; hybrid BC99-9 was named Lehua Anuhea, Anuhea means the sweet fragrance of the upland forests; and hybrid BC99-7 was named Lehua Kumulau, Kumulau means abundant roots. In our 2008 trial on the island of Kauai, 2 hybrids developed in year 2002, 14 out of 21 hybrids developed in year 2004, and 9 of 13 hybrids developed in year 2006 were selected for further evaluations next year. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
A hybrid taro (formerly called Hybrid BC99-6 and recently named as Lehua Hoohua) developed from this program in the year 1999 has consistently out performed the standard food taro cultivar (Maui Lehua) by its higher yields and higher taro leaf blight tolerance. This hybrid is currently being adopted by many growers throughout the state. A higher adoption rate by more growers in the future will result in a significant increase in taro production in Hawaii.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
A farm trial was conducted at a cooperator wetland farm in Hanalei, Hawaii to select elite taro hybrids generated in the years 2002 and 2004. One 2002 hybrid taro out of forty-two 2002 hybrids was selected and four 2004 hybrid taros out of 69 were selected as elite. Criteria used to select elite hybrids were based on tolerance to taro leaf blight (TLB) and higher yield as compared with Maui Lehua, the taro industry's standard commercial variety. The 2002 elite hybrid taro combined 2 sources of taro leaf blight resistance from a Micronesian taro and a Thailand taro and a commercial Hawaiian taro variety. The four 2004 elite hybrid taros included one that combined the TLB resistances from a Micronesian and Palauan taro, a Thailand and Micronesian taro, a Palauan and a Thailand taro, and a Thailand and a Micronesian taro. These 5 hybrids were replanted for further evaluations in 2008. Elite taro hybrids developed in 1999 with one source of TLB resistance from a Thailand
variety was distributed to interested taro growers on Kauai, Maui, Molokai, Hawaii, and Oahu.
Impacts
Five elite taro hybrids that are more tolerant to taro leaf blight (TLB) and higher yielding as compared to the standard commercial taro cultivar (Maui Lehua) were identified in a Hanalei, Kauai trial. All five hybrids contain more than one source of TLB resistance in their background. By combining sources of TLB resistance it is hoped that TLB resistance of the new elite hybrids will be more durable.
Publications
- Cho, J. J., Yamakawa, R. A., and Hollyer, J. 2007. Hawaii kalo, past and future. University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, Sustainable agriculture publication SA-1, 8 pp.
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Two farm trials were conducted at a cooperator wetland farm in Keanae, Hawaii to evaluate the potential of several elite taro hybrids previously selected based upon earlier performance trials in Hanalei, Hawaii. Three cycle 1 hybrids developed in 1999 were compared to the industry standard variety (Maui Lehua) and harvested on December 28, 2005 at 13 months after planting. All three hybrids (99-6, 99-7, and 99-9) were siblings from a genetic cross between an F1 hybrid [generated from a cross between Bangkok (a Thailand taro leaf blight resistant variety) and Niuw Waula (a Samoan variety)] and Maui Lehua. All three hybrids out produced Maui Lehua with average yields of 2.67 kg, 1.86 kg, and 2.18 kg, respectively, compared to Maui Lehua at 1.27 kg. Hybrid 99-6 was more tolerant to pocket rots compare with the other hybrids and Maui Lehua and was preferred for processing by Haleiwa Poi, Inc. In the second trial, nine other cycle 1 hybrids developed in 1999 and 2000 were
evaluated in May 2006. On the island of Kauai 12 growers and one grower on Maui have incorporated hybrids 99-6, 99-7, and 99-9 in their plantings, replacing a portion of Maui Lehua. Cumulatively about 3 acres of 99-6, 2.5 acres of 99-9 and 1 acre of 99-7 are in production. In July and September 2007 sixty-nine hybrids selected from the progenies of 17 different genetic crosses were evaluated in preliminary wetland trials in Hanalei on the island of Kauai. All (21) the hybrids from a cross between Maui Lehua and P5 (Palauan taro leaf blight resistant donor variety) appeared to be larger, matured earlier than the standard variety but were more susceptible to corm rots probably caused by a Pythium sp. Seven of the 69 hybrids appeared to be more leaf blight tolerant and higher yielding as compared with Maui Lehua. Six of 7 were derived from crosses between two cycle 1 hybrids with different leaf blight backgrounds. Three of the hybrids were from a cross between F1 [Maui Lehua x Thailand]
and F1 [[Bangkok x Sol] x Lehua Maoli]. Thailand in the former hybrid is a leaf blight resistant variety. A second trial was initiated to compare the 7 hybrids for performance.
Impacts
Three interim taro hybrids generated in 1999 have been found to be more tolerant to taro leaf blight and out yield the standard commercial taro variety (Maui Lehua) after several on farm trials on the islands of Kauai and Maui. Twelve growers on the island of Kauai and one on Maui are growing these new hybrids and distributions are being made to other growers statewide. Currently, about 3 acres of 99-6, 2.5 acres of 99-9 and 1 acre of 99-7 are in the ground and grower numbers and acres are expected to increase significantly when the hybrids are distributed. New hybrids with more complex blight resistance background are now being evaluated for more durable resistance.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
No progress to report. This project was initiated on October 1, 2005.
Impacts
No impact to report. This project was initiated on October 1, 2005.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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