Source: UNIVERSITY OF MAINE submitted to NRP
MANAGERIAL ISSUES OF MAINE'S EQUINE AND HAY INDUSTRIES
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0205393
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2005
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2008
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF MAINE
(N/A)
ORONO,ME 04469
Performing Department
SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS
Non Technical Summary
The horse industry appears to be a significant component of Maine agriculture, yet is under represented in terms of service and research by the public sector. Further, there appears to be a substantial and growing demand for horse quality hay which is not being met by current hay producers. The project develops management and marketing tools to improve the profitability of Maine's hay and horse industries and will examine the economic impact of the horse industry in Maine.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
6011699301010%
6011699310010%
6013810301020%
6013810310010%
6016210301010%
6031610310010%
6033810301010%
6033810310020%
Goals / Objectives
This project focuses economic analysis of Maine's horse and hay industries. There are three major objectives each with specific components. The major objectives are: Developing and providing management information useful to the Maine equine industry; Providing an assessment of the size and economic impact of the Maine equine industry and; Exploring new market opportunities for Maine's hay producers. Specific goals are: developing 1. Management information for horse enterprises includes: enterprise budgets will be for horse boarding facilities, profitability analysis for breeding facilities, consideration of the economics of pasture management in Maine. 2. A study of the economics of the Maine horse industry (size, and economic impact) will be conducted. 3. Examination of new marketing opportunities within the hay industry will be conducted, including: a feasibility study of a rebaled hay enterprise, determining the hay characteristics that appeal to horse owners, examining the possibility and benefits of creating a horse hay certification program. This project is to be carried out in cooperation with the University of Maine Cooperative Extension.
Project Methods
Management information for horse enterprises: The Development of enterprise budgets for boarding facilities under various assumptions, profitability analysis for breeding facilities will be conducted under varying assumptions regarding the value of foals and yearlings and other costs of production. Hedonic price analysis will be performed regarding the market values including harness racing horses, pleasure horses and studs. The economics of Pasture management in Maine, considering the economic benefits of maintaining pastures (as opposed to dry paddocks)using sensitivity analysis. Appropriate stocking rates will be considered based on the forage species typical in Maine. Costs of pasture maintenance, additional land and equipment costs, manure management and parasite management costs will be considered explicitly. Economics of the Maine Horse Industry: This objective focuses on the economic importance of the equine sector of the Maine economy, including: job generation, flows to other industries (farriers, veterinarians, feed and hay producers, etc.) A survey will be developed, based on the previous American Horse Council study and including information that will be useful for other components of this study. Economic opportunities for hay growers: Examination of new marketing opportunities within the horse industry will include a feasibility study of rebaled hay. (the profitability of converting round hay bales into small square bales). A study of opportunities for improved marketing of horse quality hay: Preferences of horse owners will be estimated using either a series of focus sessions or a mail in surveys (to be determined). Issues to be considered include: the use of preservatives, delivery/pick-up options, bale size, the profitability of a cooperative hay "store", and others. A study of the feasability of a horse hay certification program, based on similar marketing programs of other commodities, will be conducted.

Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/08

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Primary outputs for this project relate to the estimation of factors important to standardbred horse stud fees, and, the economics and other aspects of rebaling hay. Hedonic estimates for standardbred horse stud fees showed that stud fees were significantly increased by the winnings per starter of the stallion's get, the number of get that were starters, whether the stallion was a trotter as opposed to a pacer, and being at stud in the Northeast region. Partial budget analysis was used to assess the feasibility of rebaling hay. Results were disseminated my various methods including presentations to agricultural groups, workshops, interviews, newspaper articles and web pages. PARTICIPANTS: James Leiby, Associate Professor School of Economics, University of Maine. Partner organzation inlcudes Simpco Inc. of Cochran, Georgia. Collaborators include Justin Jamison and Jake Dyer (former and current)farm managers of the Franlkin J. Witter Farm at the University of Maine. TARGET AUDIENCES: Equine industry and hay producers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
The results of the hay rebaling study enable growers to increase profitability of hay production in Maine. Further, the ability to re-make hay allows new opportunities for value added products. Since stud fees are generally established prior to the succeeding breeding season, it is difficult to adjust to market conditions. The stud fee analysis enables breeders to more accurately determine appropriate fees for their stallions. Since the dissemination of the rebaling information, the use of this technology has increased.

Publications

  • No publications reported this period


Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07

Outputs
The results of a pilot hay rebaling study have been presented in several public sessions, newspaper and magazine articles. The target audience has been commercial hay growers, particularly those in the equine market. Based on presentations of the result of the study, several large growers have adopted the rebaling practice. Because they are using several different tyupes of equipment rebaling costs vary from farm to farm. Several growers have made modifications to the equipment to better suit their needs. The only significant issue that has been reported is a substantial amount of waste chaff.

Impacts
Based on a successful pilot project at the University of Maine research farm, it was apparent that harvesting round hay bales and rebaling them into small square bales for the equine market was not only cost effective but potentially very profitable. Because of the lower harvest and handling costs of the round bales there is a significant price increase, on a weight basis, for the small square bales. The price differential was significantly greater than the additional cost of rebaling. There are several distinct types of equipment currently available for rebaling but costs for equipment other than that used at the University pilot project have not yet been determined. The chaff increases both material costs and operating costs since the rebaling process must be stopped to clean up the chaff. Several small-scale marketing projects are being considered for the chaff. There appears to be a market for small (2 pounds) poly bags of hay for the pet market. Further the chaff could be enriched and bagged for the equine market in competition with prepared forage feeds.

Publications

  • No publications reported this period


Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06

Outputs
Because of short drying times early in the Maine hay season, the ability to harvest quickly can substantially reduce costs and improve yields. Harvesting round bales enables a quicker harvest, but a growing portion of the Maine hay market is for horses, in 40-45# square bales harvest. Estimates of the benefits of rebaling, using a round bale unrolling device. Assuming an 800# round bale, $37.50/bale cost and $3.50 price of square bales, gains from rebaling were estimated as $114.09/hour, $15.21/round bale, $0.79/square bale. Even with high labor costs and cost of round bales, the break even price of square bales was less that $2/bale. Hedonic estimates for standardbred horse stud fees. Stud fees were significantly increased by the winnings per starter of the stallion's get, the number of get that were starters, whether the stallion was a trotter as opposed to a pacer, and being at stud in the Northeast region. The years that the stallion was at stud diminished the stud fee. The most important variables were the winnings of the get, trotting stallion, and northeast location. Each starter of the get added about $5 to the stud fee, being a trotter adds about $1300 and being in the Northeast region adds almost $1400.

Impacts
The results of the hay rebaling study enable growers to increase profitability of hay production in Maine. Further, the ability to re-make hay allows new opportunities for value added products. Since stud fees are generally established prior to the succeeding breeding season, it is difficult to adjust to market conditions. The stud fee analysis enables breeders to more accurately determine appropriate fees for their stallions.

Publications

  • No publications reported this period