Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Screening and selection of common bean lines bred for white mold resistance was undertaken in field and greenhouse trials to improve the type of the most resistant lines, new breeding lines were compared to national entries in mult-state field and greenhouse trials in 2000-2010. New breeding lines for white mold resistance (Cornell 601-612, Cornell 501 and Cornell 504) were released as part of this project. Heat tolerant germplasm was selected that can reduce pod abortion or split-set during high temperatures. These genotypes were evaluated for yield under heat stress, and breeding line selections made. Concurrent field trials for heat tolerance were undertaken in field trials in collaboration with USDA-TARS Mayaguez, Puerto Rico and institutes in East Africa. Snap bean breeding line CHT7 had the best performance in Juana Diaz heat trials in 2008-2010. Heat tolerant lines have also been combined with rust resistant breeding lines (Ur4 and Ur11) from USDA Beltsville, and have been selected to combine the two rust genes in a heat tolerant snap bean background, together with additional crosses to pyramid the Ur5 gene. Accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) were previously evaluated for resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and scarlet runner bean accessions that were ELISA negative following inoculation with CMV were used to transfer resistance. These accessions were used for interspecific crosses with common bean using 5-593 as a bridge parent, and backcross-self populations were derived that segregated resistance to CMV in greenhouse trials. Breeding lines with high levels of resistance to CMV based on foliar symptoms have been generated and are being advanced to the commercial type following three recurrent crosses. Additionally, snap bean breeding lines resistance to clover yellow vein virus, bean common mosaic virus, bean common mosaic necrosis virus and bean yellow mosaic virus have been generated. Resistance to the three viruses is being introgressed to the same recurrent parent type, and the resistance genes will be pyramided following parallel backcrossing. Novel types of common bean are also being generated including new black kidney breeding lines. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals working on the project include Matt Wavrick, Cathy Roe, Sarah Durkee as technical support and John Hart and Charles Wasonga as graduate students. Projects involved multi-state collaborations for white mold trials and collaboration with Agro Seed Services, Belgium. Collaborations for bean rust and heat tolerance were also made with Tim Porch USDA-ARS, Marcial Pastor Corrales USDA-ARS and four institutes in East Africa AVRDC-RCS, Maseno, Homabay, Kitale. Steve Reibers and Mark Fuchs were involved with virus resistance research. Don Halseth collaborated on field screens for white mold resistant lines and selection of new breeding materials in dry bean backgrounds. TARGET AUDIENCES: Grower groups were targeted for outreach activities relating to the bean virus progress, the bean white mold progress. Bean researchers were also targeted through the BIC meeting and W-2150 annual meeting for sharing of progress and scientific information. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No major changes occurred during this reporting period.
Impacts
Abiotic and biotic stresses cause significant reductions in yield, and increased reliance on chemical management. The breeding of common beans for resistance to these stresses will enable more efficient production that is less damaging environmentally. Development of white mold resistant beans will reduce one of the largest limiting factors to bean production in the US. Heat tolerance will prevent split set or yield reduction under high temperatures, and will enable expansion of growing regions in developing countries to make agricultural practices more sustainable, especially when combined with bean rust resistance. The development of CMV resistant varieties will reduce the significant yield losses from the aphid-transmitted virus by utilizing genetic resources that have been evaluated and developed. Pyramiding of bean yellow mosaic virus and clover yellow vein virus resistance genes will further protect snap beans from aphid-transmitted viruses.
Publications
- Wasonga, C.J., Pastor-Corrales, M., Porch, T. and Griffiths, P.D. 2010. Targeting Gene Combinations for Broad Spectrum Rust Resistance in Heat Tolerant Snap Beans Developed for Tropical Environments. Accepted to J. ASHS 521-532.
- Porch, T.G., Smith, J.R., Beaver, J.S., P.D. Griffiths and Canaday, C. 2010. Registration of TARS-HT1 and TARS HT-2 heat tolerant dry bean germplasm lines: HortScience 1278-1280.
- Rainey, K. M. and P. D. Griffiths. 2005. Inheritance of heat tolerance during reproductive development in snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J. ASHS 130(5):700-706.
- Rainey, K. M. and P. D. Griffiths. 2005. Diallel analysis of yield components of snap beans exposed to two temperature stress environments. Euphytica 142:43-53.
- Rainey, K. M. and P. D. Griffiths. 2005. Identification of heat tolerant Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray plant introductions following exposure to high temperatures in a controlled environment. Gen. Res. Crop. Evol. 52:117-120
- Rainey, K. M. and P. D. Griffiths. 2005. Differential responses of common bean genotypes to high temperatures. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 130(1):18-23.
- Griffiths, P. D., M. M. Jahn, and M. H. Dickson. 2004. Cornell 501: A white mold tolerant snap bean breeding line. HortScience 39(6):1507-1508.
- Cunha, C., T. Hintz and P. D. Griffiths. 2004. Genetic diversity of snap bean cultivars determined using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. HortScience 39(7):1575-1577.
- Lucas, B. and P. D. Griffiths. 2004. Evaluation of common bean accessions for resistance to Pythium ultimum. HortScience 39(6):1193-1195.
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Screening and selection of common bean lines previously bred for white mold resistance was undertaken in field and greenhouse trials to improve the type of the most resistant lines, and new breeding lines including Cornell 605, 607 and 611 were included in the W-1150 multi-state greenhouse and field trials in 2009. Heat tolerant germplasm has previously been selected that can reduce pod abortion or split-set during high temperatures. These genotypes were evaluated for yield under heat stress, and breeding line selections made. Concurrent field trials for heat tolerance were undertaken in field trials in collaboration with USDA-TARS Mayaguez, Puerto Rico and institutes in East Africa. Snap bean breeding line CHT7 had the best performance in Juana Diaz heat trials in 2008 and 2009. Lines have also been combined with rust resistant breeding lines (Ur4 and Ur11) from USDA Beltsville, and are currently being selected to combine the two rust genes in a heat tolerant snap bean background, together with additional crosses to pyramid the Ur5 gene. Accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) were previously evaluated for resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and scarlet runner bean accessions that were ELISA negative following inoculation with CMV were used to transfer resistance. These accessions were used for interspecific crosses with common bean using 5-593 as a bridge parent, and backcross-self populations were derived that segregated resistance to CMV in greenhouse trials. Breeding lines with high levels of resistance to CMV based on foliar symptoms have been generated and are being advanced to the commercial type following three recurrent crosses. Additionally, snap bean breeding lines resistance to clover yellow vein virus, bean common mosaic virus, bean common mosaic necrosis virus and bean yellow mosaic virus have been generated. Resistance to the three viruses is being introgressed to the same recurrent parent type, and the resistance genes will be pyramided following parallel backcrossing. Novel types of common bean are also being generated including new black kidney breeding lines. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals working on the project include Matt Wavrick, Cathy Roe, Sarah Durkee as technical support and John Hart and Charles Wasonga as graduate students. Projects involved multi-state collaborations for white mold trials and collaboration with Agro Seed Services, Belgium. Collaborations for bean rust and heat tolerance were also made with Tim Porch USDA-ARS, Marcial Pastor Corrales USDA-ARS and four institutes in East Africa AVRDC-RCS, Maseno, Homabay, Kitale. TARGET AUDIENCES: Grower groups were targeted for outreach activities relating to the bean virus progress, the bean white mold progress. Bean researchers were also targeted through the BIC meeting and W-1150 annual meeting for sharing of progress and scientific information. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Abiotic and biotic stresses cause significant reductions in yield, and increased reliance on chemical management. The breeding of common beans for resistance to these stresses will enable more efficient production that is less damaging environmentally. Development of white mold resistant beans will reduce one of the largest limiting factors to bean production in the US. Heat tolerance will prevent split set or yield reduction under high temperatures, and will enable expansion of growing regions in developing countries to make agricultural practices more sustainable, especially when combined with bean rust resistance. The development of CMV resistant varieties will reduce the significant yield losses from the aphid-transmitted virus by utilizing genetic resources that have been evaluated and developed. Pyramiding of bean yellow mosaic virus and clover yellow vein virus resistance genes will further protect snap beans from aphid-transmitted viruses.
Publications
- Griffiths, P. D., 2009. Release of Cornell 601-606: Common bean breeding lines with resistance to white mold. HortScience 44 (2): 463-465.
- Griffiths, P.D. 2009. Development of snap beans resistant to cucumber mosaic virus. Proceedings of the Empire State Fruit and Vegetable Expo. 88-90.
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Screening and selection of common bean lines previously bred for white mold resistance was undertaken in field and greenhouse trials to improve the type of the most resistant lines, and new breeding lines including Cornell 603, Cornell 604 and Cornell 605 were included in the W-1150 multi-state greenhouse and field trials between 2006-2008. Heat tolerant germplasm has previously been selected that can reduce pod abortion or split-set during high temperatures. These genotypes were evaluated for yield under heat stress, and breeding line selections made. Concurrent field trials for heat tolerance for undertaken in field trials in collaboration with USDA-TARS Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. Snap bean breeding lines Cornell 502 and Cornell 503 were released in 2003 to help breed for heat tolerant commercial snap bean cultivars, and subsequently populations have been developed from crosses with Cornell 502 to other heat tolerant material in 2005 and 2006 that have led to the development and release of Cornell 504 in 2008. These lines have also been combined with rust resistant breeding lines (Ur4 and Ur11) from USDA Beltsville, and are currently being selected to combine the two rust genes in a heat tolerant snap bean background. Accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) were previously evaluated for resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and scarlet runner bean accessions that were ELISA negative following inoculation with CMV were used to transfer resistance. These accessions were used for interspecific crosses with common bean using 5-593 as a bridge parent, and backcross-self populations were derived that segregated resistance to CMV in greenhouse trials. Breeding lines with high levels of resistance to CMV based on foliar symptoms have been generated and are being advanced to the commercial type following three recurrent crosses. Additionally, snap bean breeding lines resistance to clover yellow vein virus and bean yellow mosaic virus have been generated. Resistance to the three viruses is being introgressed to the same recurrent parent type, and the resistance genes will be pyramided following parallel backcrossing. Novel types of common bean are also being generated including new black kidney breeding lines. PARTICIPANTS: The principal investigator for this project was Dr. Phillip D. Griffiths, with technical support from Cathy Roe, Matt Wavrick and Sarah Durkee. Additional help for field trials came from Kate McNamara, Jacob Ballerstein, Adam Churey Davina Chen and Holly Smith. Graduate students with related projects include Charles Wasonga, John Hart and Edward Miles. This work has involved input from the New York State Vegetable Research and advisory council. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences include common bean growers in New York, the US and worldwide. Efforts are aimed and creating new germplasm and varieties of interest to commercial seed companies and growers. Additionally the research supports the vegetable processing industry and the fresh produce sector. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Abiotic and biotic stresses cause significant reductions in yield, and increased reliance on chemical management. The breeding of common beans for resistance to these stresses will enable more efficient production that is less damaging environmentally. Development of white mold resistant beans will reduce one of the largest limiting factors to bean production in the US. Heat tolerance will prevent split set or yield reduction under high temperatures, and will enable expansion of growing regions in developing countries to make agricultural practices more sustainable, especially when combined with bean rust resistance. The development of CMV resistant varieties will reduce the significant yield losses from the aphid-transmitted virus by utilizing genetic resources that have been evaluated and developed. Pyramiding of bean yellow mosaic virus and clover yellow vein virus resistance genes will further protect snap beans from aphid-transmitted viruses.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Screening and selection of common bean lines previously bred for white mold resistance was undertaken in field and greenhouse trials to improve the type of the most resistant lines, and new breeding lines Cornell 604 and Cornell 605 were included in the W-1150 multi-state greenhouse and field trials in 2006. Heat tolerant germplasm has previously been selected that can reduce pod abortion or split-set during high temperatures. These genotypes were evaluated for yield under heat stress, and breeding line selections made. Concurrent field trials for heat tolerance for undertaken in field trials in collaboration with USDA-TARS Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. Snap bean breeding lines Cornell 502 and Cornell 503 were released in 2003 to help breed for heat tolerant commercial snap bean cultivars, and subsequently populations have been developed from crosses with Cornell 503 to other heat tolerant material in 2005 and 2006. These lines have been combined with rust resistant breeding lines
(Ur4 and Ur11) from USDA Beltsville, and are currently being selected to combine the two rust genes in a heat tolerant snap bean background. Accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) were previously evaluated for resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and scarlet runner bean accessions that were ELISA negative following inoculation with CMV were used to transfer resistance. These accessions were used for interspecific crosses with common bean using 5-593 as a bridge parent, and backcross-self populations were derived that segregated resistance to CMV in greenhouse trials. Breeding lines with high levels of resistance to CMV based on foliar symptoms have been generated and are being advanced to the commercial type following three recurrent crosses. Additionally, snap bean breeding lines resistance to clover yellow vein virus and bean yellow mosaic virus have been generated. Resistance to the three viruses is being introgressed to
the same recurrent parent type, and the resistance genes will be pyramided following parallel backcrossing. Novel types of common bean are also being generated including new black kidney breeding lines.
PARTICIPANTS: The principal investigator for this project was Dr. Phillip D. Griffiths, with technical support from Cathy Roe, Matt Wavrick and Sarah Durkee. Additional help for field trials came from Kate McNamara, Adam Churey and Holly Smith. Lab work associated with this research was undertaken by Amy Jobe and Charles Wasonga. Additional input has been received from the New York State Vegetable Research and Advisory Council, and the New York Dry Bean Board. Collaborators include Dr. Tim Porch (USDA TARS), Dr. Pastor Corrales (USDA Beltsville) for heat tolerant trials and rust resistant combinations respectively. Collaborative white mold trials have been performed with Dr. Jim Steadman, Dr. Phil Miklas, Dr. Jim Kelly, Dr. Mark Brick, Dr. Jim Myers, Dr Shree Singh and commercial seed companies. Professional development opportunities included undergraduate training (Amy Jobe) and graduate training (Charles Wasonga).
TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences include common bean growers in New York, the US and worldwide. Efforts are aimed and creating new germplasm and varieties of interest to growers and commercial seed companies. Research has focused on problems causing considerable yield losses in common bean production, the reduction of which will benefit producers, processors, distributors, commercial companies and the consumer. Additional target audiences include small farm and organic growers, and niche market producers and retailers.
Impacts
Abiotic and biotic stresses cause significant reductions in yield, and increased reliance on chemical management. The breeding of common beans for resistance to these stresses will enable more efficient production that is less damaging environmentally. Development of white mold resistant beans will reduce one of the largest limiting factors to bean production in the US. Heat tolerance will prevent split set or yield reduction under high temperatures, and will enable expansion of growing regions in developing countries to make agricultural practices more sustainable, especially when combined with bean rust resistance. The development of CMV resistant varieties will reduce the significant yield losses from the aphid-transmitted virus by utilizing genetic resources that have been evaluated and developed. Pyramiding of bean yellow mosaic virus and clover yellow vein virus resistance genes will further protect snap beans from aphid-transmitted viruses.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Screening and selection of snap/dry bean lines previously bred for white mold resistance was undertaken in field and greenhouse trials to improve the type of the most resistant lines, and new breeding lines Cornell 604 and Cornell 605 were included in the W-1150 multi-state greenhouse and field trials in 2006. Heat tolerant germplasm has previously been selected that can reduce pod abortion or split-set during high temperatures. These genotypes were evaluated for yield under heat stress, and breeding line selections made. Concurrent field trials for heat tolerance for undertaken in field trials in collaboration with USDA-TARS Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. Snap bean breeding lines Cornell 502 and Cornell 503 were released in 2003 to help breed for heat tolerant commercial snap bean cultivars, and subsequently populations have been developed from crosses with Cornell 503 to other heat tolerant material in 2005 and 2006. Accessions of common bean and scarlet runner bean were
evaluated for resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and scarlet runner bean accessions that were ELISA negative following inoculation with CMV were used to transfer resistance. These accessions were used for interspecific crosses with common bean using 5-593 as a bridge parent, and backcross-self populations were derived that segregate resistance to CMV in greenhouse trials. Breeding lines with high levels of resistance to CMV based on foliar symptoms have been generated. Additionally, populations segregating resistance to clover yellow vein virus and bean yellow mosaic virus have been generated, from which resistant selections were made.
Impacts
Abiotic and biotic stresses cause significant reductions in yield, and increased reliance on chemical management. The breeding of common beans for resistance to these stresses will enable more efficient production that is less damaging environmentally. Development of white mold resistant beans will reduce one of the largest limiting factors to bean production in the US. Heat tolerance will prevent split set or yield reduction under high temperatures, and will enable expansion of growing regions in developing countries to make agricultural practices more sustainable. The development of CMV resistant varieties will reduce the risk of damage from the aphid-transmitted virus by utilizing genetic resources that have been evaluated and developed. Pyramiding of bean yellow mosaic virus and clover yellow vein virus resistance genes will further protect snap beans from aphid-transmitted viruses.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Screening and selection of snap/dry bean lines for white mold resistance was undertaken in field and greenhouse trials to improve the type of the most resistant lines. Breeding lines previously released were evaluated with area material in national multi-state trials. Heat tolerant germplasm has previously been selected that can reduce pod abortion or split set during high temperatures,these genotypes were evaluated for combining ability, and populations were tested in 2005 for tolerance to high temperatures in field and greenhose trials. Accessions of scarlet runner bean (P. coccineus) were used for interspecific crosses with common bean using 5-593 as a bridge parent, and backcross self populations have been derived that segregate resistance to CMV in greenhouse trials. Additional populations are being evaluated for the transfer of BYMV and CYVV into common bean.
Impacts
Abiotic and biotic stresses cause significant reductions in yield, and increased reliance on chemical management. The breeding of common beans for resistance to these stresses will enable more efficient production that is less damaging environmentally. Development of white mold resistant beans will reduce one of the largest limiting factors to bean production in the US. Heat tolerance will prevent split set or yield reduction under high temperatures, and will enable expansion of growing regions in developing countries to make agricultural practices more sustainable. The development of CMV resistant varieties will reduce the risk of damage from the aphid-transmitted virus by utilizing genetic resources that have been evaluated and developed.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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