Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: To develop production/management practices for canola production research on (1) comparative production economics and profitability of canola and wheat; (2) assessed stand establishment in canola crop, the use of coated and uncoated canola seed in different soils (sandy loam, silt loam and clay loam). (3) Evaluation of forage potential of canola in comparison wheat; (4) use of poultry litter as a source of N, P & K nutrients under two tillage systems, and (5) comprehensive weed management program in canola Over 200 Brassica species germplasm lines were obtained screened for superior traits for improved canola germplasm. Use of RAPD markers in selection of resistance to blackleg disease has been completed and twenty-eight advanced canola lines have been developed. Two (AAMU-18-07 and AAMU-33-07) of these lines are in the 2008-09 National Winter Canola variety trials and are being tested in a "Bioenergy Rotation" study. Seed quality and post harvest analysis have been carried out to select lines which are suitable for food grade, industrial uses, and specialty niche market based on fatty-acids components and other chemical profile. Canola as a leafy-green vegetable and chemo-preventive health benefits were also evaluated with results indicating potential added-value components of the crop. Survey and identification of pestiferous and beneficial insects on canola were carried out for several years in Alabama. (1) Seasonal occurrence and abundance of several species of pest and beneficial insects were determined on four conventional canola cultivars. Insect collection was done at weekly intervals on canola beginning at flower bud stage until harvest. (2) Efficacy of bifenthrin and timing of application to control cabbage seedpod weevil on winter canola were determined in separate field experiments using Jetton as test cultivar. Bifenthrin was applied at three dosage levels (0, 0.28 and 0.42 kg a.i./ha) at different phenological stages of canola. Single pesticide spray was done at flower bud, 50% flowering and 100% flowering, while double application treatments were during flower bud + 100% flowering stage. (3) Early maturing winter canola lines for trap cropping to control cabbage seedpod weevil were evaluated during flower production for occurrence of the insect on early maturing lines and conventional canola (Jetton). Weekly insect collection was done using sweep net method. (4) Several early maturing lines (EML) of winter canola (Brassica napus L.) were evaluated in the greenhouse and field for to blackleg, Leptosphaeria maculans. Blackleg isolates from Georgia and Canada were used in greenhouse screening whereas only the Georgia isolate was used in field evaluation. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Udai Bishnoi, PI (Agronomist): Developed research in production/management practices for canola production. Through the training of graduate students studies completed were: (1) economics and profitability of canola and wheat; (2) stand establishment in canola crop; (3) evaluation of forage potential of canola; (4) poultry litter as a source of nutrients for canola; and (5) weed management program in canola. Dr. Ernst Cebert, co-PI (Plant Breeding): Screened canola germplasm for superior traits; applied RAPD markers technology to identify blackleg disease resistance; generated new canola lines for the region; evaluating canola in a bioenergy rotation system; worked with local growers to include winter canola in their crop rotation system; tested the potential of canola to be used as a leafy-green vegetable and chemo-preventive health benefits for potential added-value components of the crop. Dr. Rufina Ward, co-PI (Entomologist): Surveyed and identified pestiferous and beneficial insects on canola in Alabama. Throughout each growing season, insect collection was done at weekly intervals on canola beginning at flower bud stage until harvest. Efficacy of bifenthrin and timing of application to control cabbage seedpod weevil on winter canola were determined in separate field experiments. Dr. Suresh Kumar: Agronomist-consultant. Auburn University: Bioenergy Feedstock Rotation. University of Arkansas: generation and evaluation of new winter canola breeding lines. Kansas State University: Participant in the National Winter Canola Variety Trial. ADECA: the State's economic development office provided additional support to our canola project for bioenergy demonstration work Local District government office: Canola oil for biodiesel. Dr. Leopold Nyochembeng, (Plant Pathologist): Assist in studies with blackleg and other diseases. Dr. Nahid Sistani, (Nutritionist): Nutritional value of winter canola as leafy-green vegetable. Dr. Martha Verghese, (Food Scientist): Chemo-preventive potential of winter canola for colon cancer. Dr. Ramesh Kantety, (Plant Molecular Biologist): Application of marker assisted selection (MAS) techniques to identify disease resistance in winter canola. Mr. Robert Davis, AgStrong Inc., (Engineer): AgStrong is an agribusiness company that focuses on adding value to high-demand crops and produce, creating new markets for those products, putting southern U.S. land back into more productive use including winter canola and sunflower. TARGET AUDIENCES: Throughout the period of this project more than 20 students including undergraduates, masters and PhDs were exposed and participated in the various studies carried out with winter canola. AAMU created a working partnership with several local farmers to grow winter canola for demonstration and eventually commercial production for (>7,000 acres) for AgStrong Inc. A biodiesel project deriving from the canola project provided numerous training sessions to K-12 students and their teachers, local farmers and entrepreneurs. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Research results showed that canola as a double crop produced higher yield after soybean and corn than cotton and grain sorghum than after cotton and grain sorghum. Canola yield responds significantly higher with sulfur at 30-kg/ha in combination with 180 Kg/N then nitrogen alone. Fusilade applied as post emergence @ 5.01 kg/ha in mid March with one interculture in mid April gave best weed control and highest seed yield (~3,200 kg/ha). Canola and wheat gave highest forage yield, percent protein and total digestible nutrients when planted in 1:1 ratio when harvested in mid March than in April or early May. Canola and wheat produced similar yields (2.6 and 2.9-t/ha), but income from canola and wheat were $220/ha and $109/ha respectively, however, this income is almost equal when wheat straw was added to grain. Through this project more than 200 germplasm lines of rape and Brassica were screened and are being used to develop cold tolerant, early maturing and specialty type canola cultivars. Currently 28 advanced lines are being tested in preliminary yield trials. Several of these lines are tolerant to blackleg and stem-rot. Destructive insect pests to winter canola in north Alabama include cabbage seedpod weevil (CSPW), tarnished plant bugs (TPB), false chinch bugs, diamondback moth, flea beetles, clover stem borer and thrips warrant monitoring and control treatments. CSPW population peaks in early to late April with the second peak occurring from late May to early June. Tarnished plant bug has taken a more prominent status as pest of canola as production increases. TPB build up later in the canola season seriously threatens summer cotton and soybean crops. Both TPB and thrips are sucking insects and can transmit diseases; thus they can be more formidable canola pests. There was no significant difference in the efficacy in controlling CSPW of bifenthrin at two dosage rates tested. However, timing of application showed significant influence on the effectiveness of bifenthrin. Bifenthrin was most effective against CSPW when applied at 50 % flowering in canola. Early-maturing canola lines (EMLs) as a trap crop would be a promising strategy to control weevil populations, especially with the immigration of overwintered cabbage seedpod weevil on early maturing lines of canola. Field evaluation of EMLs was initiated with the introduction of blackleg via infected canola stalks. Similarly, EMLs responded differentially to blackleg in the field compared to greenhouse screening. Low level of inocula in the field did not produce significant visible symptoms of infection of EMLs in the field the following season. Results of early greenhouse screening showed variation in response among EMLs to two Leptosphaeria maculans isolates from Canada and Georgia. Screening for resistance not only to blackleg but to sclerotinia in early maturing canola lines must be pursued continually to produce new genotypes that are best adapted to environmental conditions in Alabama.
Publications
- Kumar, S., U.R. Bishnoi, and E. Cebert. 2007. Effects of Nitrogen and Sulfur on Growth, Seed Yield and Quality in Winter Canola. Indian J. Crop Sciences. 2(1):199-203.
- Kaur, G., and U.R. Bishnoi. 2008. Polymer Seed Coating Effects Winter Canola Seedling Establishment in Different Soil Types. Journal of New Seeds. 9(2):101-110.
- Paudel., L., U.R. Bishnoi, G. O. Kegode and E. Cebert. 2008. Influence of Timing of Herbicide Application on Winter Canola Performance. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 4(5):908-913.
- Paudel, L., and U. R. Bishnoi, 2009. Effect of herbicides and inter-row cultivation on weed control in winter canola. Intl. J.Agric. Environ & Biotech. 2(1): 38-41.
- Bishnoi, U.R. and James Wilhite. 2005. Germination and Stand Establishment of Polymer Coated Canola seeds subjected to moisture stress, Various Planting Depths and soils. Seed Techl. 27:161-166.
- Anthony O. Ananga, Ernst Cebert, Khairy Soliman, Ramesh Kantety, R.P. Pacumbaba and Koffi Konan. 2006. RAPD markers associated with resistance to blackleg disease in Brassica species. African Journal of Biotechnology. 5(22):2041-2048.
- Ward, R., E. Cebert and K. Ward. 2007. Occurrence of clover stem borer (Languria mozardi (Coleoptera: Languriidae) on canola: A new host record. Florida Entomol. 90(4):732-737.
- Miller-Cebert, Rhona Lee, Nahid Sistani and Ernst Cebert. 2009. Comparative Protein and Folate among Canola Cultivars and other cruciferous Leafy Greens. J. of Food Agric. & Env. Vol. 7(2):46-49.
- Miller-Cebert, Rhona Lee, Nahid Sistani and Ernst Cebert. 2009. Comparative Mineral composition among Canola Cultivars and other cruciferous Leafy Greens. J. of Food Comp. and Anal. 22:112-116.
- Miller-Cebert, Rhona Lee, Nahid Sistani and Ernst Cebert. 2009. Panelists liking of Canola Brassica napus greens. Nutrition & Food Science. 39(6):627-635.
- Anthony O. Ananga, Ernst Cebert, Khairy Soliman Ramesh Kantety, Koffi Konan, and Joel W. Ochieng. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships within and among Brassica species from RAPD loci associated with blackleg resistance. Afri. J. Biotech. 7(9):1287-1293.
- Clisby, A., M. Verghese, E. Cebert, L.T. Walker, R. Field, L. Shackelford, J. Boateng and C.B. Chawan. 2008. Canola and Mustard Seeds/Sprouts Reduce the Formation of Aberrant Crypt Foci in Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Cancer in Fisher 344 Male Rats. Journal of Biological Sciences. 8(2):410-415.
- Cebert, Ernst, Rufina Ward and Suresh Kumar. 2007. Response of Winter Canola Cultivars to Freezing Temperatures during Flowering and Early Seed Formation. http://crops.confex.com/crops/2007am/ Techprogram/P37333.HTM.
- Suresh Kumar, U.R. Bishnoi, and E. Cebert. 2007. Impact of Rotation on Yield and Economic Performance of Summer Crops-Winter Canola Cropping Systems, Am.-Eurasian J. Sustain. Agric. 1(1):68-76.
- Udai Bishnoi, Suresh Kumar, Ernst Cebert and Rao Mentreddy. 2007. Agronomic and Economics Performance of Winter Canola Production in South East US World J. of Agric. Sci. 3(3):262-268.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
The project objectives are :(1) to develop production management practices for canola for the mid-south and southeastern US; (2) to enhance and evaluate germplasm of rapeseed/ Brassica and breed new canola varieties; (3) to identify and assess pest (insects, diseases and weeds) management strategies for canola production: and (4) to train students inn research pertaining to canola. Our 2005-06 research results showed that as a double crop, canola after soybean and corn significantly produced higher yield than after cotton and grain shorghum. Canola gave significantly higher yield with application at 30 kg sulfur ha-1 in combination with 180 kg-N ha-1 then nitrogen alone. Among various weed control treatments, the Fusilade applied as post emergence at 5.0 l ha-1 in mid March with one interculture in mid April gave highest seed yield. Through this project more than 150 germplasm lines of rape and Brassica have been acquired, screened and are being used to develop cold
tolerant, early maturing and specialty type canola cultivars. Currently thirty advanced lines are being tested in preliminary yield trials. Several of these lines have shown to be resistant to blackleg and stem-rot. Preliminary results showed that highest infestation of the cabbage seedpod weevil (CSPW) peaked during the inflorescence period of early to late April. The use of Bifenthrin @ 4.3 fl. oz a-1 at 25 - 30% flowering resulted in the lowest CSPW population count and higher seed yield in canola.
Impacts
Results from this project continue to provide new information necessary to increase the efficiency and profitable production of canola in Alabama and the mid south. Greater interest in canola as feedstock for biodiesel is increasing among growers: therefore, this project is will create (1) a complete package on production, management practice; (2) release highly desirable cultivars; and (3) develop efficient management practices for insects, diseases and weeds for canola.
Publications
- Ananga,A.O., Cebert, E., Soliman, K., Kantety, R., Pacumbaba, P.A. and Konan, K. 2006. RAPD markers associated with resistance to blackleg disease in Brassica species. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 5 (22), pp. 2041-2048.
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