Progress 07/01/05 to 06/30/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Over 400 field experiments were conducted that addressed rice production questions including: Nitrogen response by variety and soil type Nitrogen fertilizer stabilization Alternative nitrogen management practices Nitrogen soil test development/validation Plant sensing for in-season nitrogen management development/validation Model development/implementation for economical N rate determination Fate/efficacy of starter N applications Phosphorus response Seeding dates Seeding rates and row spacing Overcoming herbicide injury with nutrition Plant growth regulation for plant health and lodging management Implementation of laboratory methods to determine nitrogen dynamics in soils common to rice production, e.g., volatilization and nitrification/denitrification Graduate student education: students graduated with Masters of Science, 2 students are currently enrolled. Events: Field days were conducted every year 50+ grower meetings were held to disseminate information I was invited to educate retail agriculture industry companies, speak at grower meetings outside Mississippi, and participate on industry related committees Services - because of the awareness of the rice community of this project, my services have largely been in the area of one-on-one grower and/or consultant contacts that occur in the nature of crop management planning and troubleshooting when problems occur. PARTICIPANTS: Timothy Wallker-Agronomist, PI; Jason Bond-Pest Management; Nathan Buehring-Extension Rice Specialist TARGET AUDIENCES: Rice growers, scientists, Mississippi Rice Consultants PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Changes in knowledge Soils in Mississippi where rice is commonly grown can differ in the amount of nitrogen fertilizer needed to produce optimum grain yields Mathematical models have been evaluated and compared for N response in rice. Volatilization loss of ammonia is greater on coarse textured soils compared to clay soils. Products that contain NBPT are effective in minimizing ammonia volatilization loss regardless of the soil in Mississippi Nitrification/denitrification is a nitrogen loss mechanism that can be problematic on many Mississippi soils. A product with a physical coating has been effective in stabilizing N from nitrification/denitrification for up to 14 days prior to flood establishment. A nitrogen soil test (N-ST*R) has been developed and based on preliminary validation research, it can revolutionize nitrogen management for rice. Models have been developed for the Greenseeker technology in rice which can aide in-season nitrogen fertilizer application decisions. Soil test P recommendations were found to be unsuitable for rice and can be improved by implementing the soil pH. Seeding date is important for high grain yields. Late March and Early April planted rice is highly productive and more stable across years compared to later planted rice. Varieties like Rex and Bowman are better suted in late planted rice scenarios. Trinexepac-ethyl was an effective plant growth regulator for rice to minimize lodging. Seed rate and N rate can be used to alter lodging. Starter fertilizer applications proved effective in restoring plant health after herbicide injury.
Publications
- Franzen, D., R.J. Goos, R.J. Norman, T.W. Walker, T.L. Roberts, N.A. Slaton, G. Endres, R. Ashley, J. Staricka, and J. Lukach. 2011. Field and laboratory studies comparing Nutrisphere-N urea with urea in North Dakota, Arkansas and Mississippi. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 34:8, 1198-1222.
- Bond, J.A. and T.W. Walker. 2011. Differential tolerance of Clearfield rice cultivars to imazamox. Weed Technology. 25(2):192-197.
- Tubana, B.S., D. Harrell, T. Walker, S. Phillips. 2011. Midseason nitrogen fertilization rate decision tool for rice using remote sensing technology. Better Crops. 95(1):22-24.
- W.L. Solomon, D.G. Kanter, T.W. Walker, G.E. Baird, III, L.S. Lanford, S. Shaifer, and P.W. Fitts. 2011. Registration of CL162 long-grain rice. Journal of Plant Registrations. Accepted for Publication.
- W.L. Solomon, D.G. Kanter, T.W. Walker, G.E. Baird, III, B.E. Scheffler, L.S. Lanford, and S. Shaifer. 2011. Registration of Rex southern long-grain rice. Journal of Plant Registrations. Accepted for Publication.
- Tubana, B, D. Harrell, T.Walker, J. Teboh, J. Lofton, Y. Kanke, and S. Phillips. 2011. Relationships of spectral vegetation indices with rice biomass and grain yield at different sensor view angles. Agron. J. 103:1405-1413.
- Harrell, D.L., T.W. Walker, M.E. Salassi, J.A. Bond, and P.D. Gerard. 2011. Modeling rice grain yield response to nitrogen fertilization for delayed-flood production. J. Plant Nutr. 34:2158-2171.
- Harrell, D.L., B.S. Tubana, T.W. Walker, and S.B. Phillips. 2011. Estimating rice grain yield potential using normalized difference vegetation index. Agron. J. 103:1717-1723.
- W.L. Solomon, D.G. Kanter, T.W. Walker, G.E. Baird, III, L.S. Lanford, and S. Shaifer. Registration of Bowman southern long-grain rice. 2011. Journal of Plant Registrations. Accepted for Publication.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Stated Objectives: Determine optimum N-fertilizer management across varying production environments (silt loam soils, high pH soils, continuous rice, minimum and no-till rice). Investigate current recommendations for P, K, S, and Zn and determine their validity for newer high yielding varieties across varying soil environments. Determine the ways in which information on spatial variation of soil properties, rice yield, and crop canopy reflectance can be utilized in site-specific soil fertility management. Determine best management practices for newly released cultivars (including hybrids) across varying soil environments. Evaluate the response of advanced Mississippi breeding lines to N-fertilizer. PARTICIPANTS: Timothy W. Walker - Agronomist , PI Jason A. Bond - Pest Management Nathan W. Buehring - Extension Rice Specialist Richard J. Norman - Collaborator, University of Arkansas Nathan Slaton - Collaborator, University of Arkansas Dustin Harrell - Collaborator, Louisiana State University Scott Lanford - Agricultural Technician William L. Kingery - Collaborator, Soil Scientist Jac J. Varco - Collaborator, Soil Scientist Michael S. Cox - Collaborator, Soil Scientist Grady Jackson - Research Associate Jeff Gore - Collaborator, Entomologist Paxton Fitts - Research Associate Walter Solomon - Research Associate Dwight Kanter - Agronomist/Breeder Kevin Dillon - Graduate Research Associate Jennifer Corbin - Agricultural Aide/Graduate Student TARGET AUDIENCES: Presented research findings at 15 grower related meetings including county meetings and field days/demonstrations - main audience included rice growers Presented specific research results at the Rice Technical Working Group Biennial Meetings in Biloxi, MS. Main audience was scientists and practitioners. Presented comprehensive research results outlined above to the Mississippi Rice Consultants Working Group. This group represents individuals who are directly involved with production decisions for over one-half of the rice acreage in Mississippi Graduate students presented research results at the Southern Branch of the American Society of Agronomy Meetings in Orlando, FL PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
N rate recommendations for new cultivars were developed from results at four locations; two clay soils and two silt loam soils. CL151 N recommendations were adjusted downward based on multi-year, multi-location data. Due to lodging of this variety, recommendations have the potential to allow this variety to continue to be accepted by growers. Nitrification rate was determined on multiple rice soils. Half-life of ammonium ranged from 4.1 to 10 days. Stabilization of N in the ammonium form was achieved with a sulfur coated urea product. Nitrogen loss via volatilization was quantified and is approximately 10% for urea. The new N-ST*R (nitrogen soil test for rice) developed at the University of Arkansas underwent validation. It continues to show promise as a more precise N management tool. Canopy sensor based N applications were compared to standard applications. Slightly higher nitrogen use efficiency was obtained using the Greenseeker sensor. Phosphorus correlation/calibration research resulted in the need to adjust soil testing recommendations to include soil pH and extractable P. Seeding date studies confirmed earlier studies showing that earlier planted rice out-performs later planting rice. Rex, a new release from Mississippi, performed the most stable across a wide planting time
Publications
- Tubana, B.S., Harrell, D., Walker, T.W., Teboh, J.M., Lofton, J., Fluitt, J., and Phillips, S. 2010. Rice yield algorithms based on canopy reflectance measured at different sensor head orientations. p. 115. In M.E. Salassi, et al. (ed.) Proceedings Thirty-Third Rice Technical Working Group, Biloxi, MS. 22-25 Feb. 2010. Louisiana State University Agricultural Center.
- Dillon, K.A., Walker, T.W., Tarpley, L., and Bond, J.A. 2010. Trinexapac-ethyl as a potential tool to improve harvestable yield potential for hybrid rice. p. 134. In M.E. Salassi, et al. (ed.) Proceedings Thirty-Third Rice Technical Working Group, Biloxi, MS. 22-25 Feb. 2010. Louisiana State University Agricultural Center.
- Walker, T.W., Shao, Q., and Johnson, K. 2010. ARIZE QM1003 lodging and grain yield response to starter fertilizer, seed rate, and nitrogen rate. p. 138. In M.E. Salassi, et al. (ed.) Proceedings Thirty-Third Rice Technical Working Group, Biloxi, MS. 22-25 Feb. 2010. Louisiana State University Agricultural Center.
- Roberts, T.L., Norman, R.J., Walker, T.W., Harrell, D.L., and McCauley, G.N. 2010. Across soils and state boundaries: Evaluation of N-ST*R, a soil-based nitrogen test for midsouth rice production. p. 141. In M.E. Salassi, et al. (ed.) Proceedings Thirty-Third Rice Technical Working Group, Biloxi, MS. 22-25 Feb. 2010. Louisiana State University Agricultural Center.
- Bond, J.A. and Walker, T.W. 2010. Do starter fertilizer applications reduce clomazone injury p. 146. In M.E. Salassi, et al. (ed.) Proceedings Thirty-Third Rice Technical Working Group, Biloxi, MS. 22-25 Feb. 2010. Louisiana State University Agricultural Center.
- Kanke, Y., J. Lofton, B. Tubana, D. Harrell, J. Teboh, T. Walker, and S. Phillips. 2010. Algorithm for predicting rice yield potential at different sensor head orientation. Abstracts of the ASA, CSSA, and SSSA 2010 International Annual Meetings. October 31-Nov 4. Long Beach, CA.
- Teboh, J., B. Tubana, J. Lofton, D. Harrell, T. Walker, and S. Phillips. 2010. Response analysis of in-season rice biomass and grain yield to nitrogen fertilization. Abstracts of the ASA, CSSA, and SSSA 2010 International Annual Meetings. October 31-Nov 4. Long Beach, CA.
- Dillon, K.A., C.H. Koger, and T.W. Walker. 2010. Influence of maturity group, row pattern, and seeding rate on soybean grown on silt loam soils. Abstracts of the Southern Branch of the American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting. 7-8 February. Orlando, FL.
- Dillon, K.A., T.W. Walker, C.H. Koger, and J.J. Varco. 2010. Evaluation of Trinexapac-ethyl to reduce lodging for hybrid rice. Abstracts of the Southern Branch of the American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting. 7-8 February. Orlando, FL.
- T.W. Walker. 2010. Management strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency in drill-seeded rice. In Proceedings of the 13th Conservation Systems for Rice and Cotton Conference. 12-14th January. Tunica, MS
- Bond, J.A. and T.W. Walker. Accepted 2010. Differential tolerance of Clearfield rice cultivars to imazamox. Weed Technology.
- Kanter, D.G., T.W. Walker, N.W. Buehring, W.L. Solomon, L.S. Lanford, S. Shaifer, G.E. Baird, III., P. Fitts. 2010. Mississippi rice variety trials, 2010. MAFES Information Bulletin No. 459. Mississippi State, MS.
- Salassi, M.E., T.W. Walker, and R.G. Mutters (eds.). 2010. Proceedings of the 33rd Rice Technical Working Group. 22-25 February 2010. Biloxi, MS.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Stated Objectives: Determine optimum N-fertilizer management across varying production environments (silt loam soils, high pH soils, continuous rice, minimum and no-till rice). Investigate current recommendations for P, K, S, and Zn and determine their validity for newer high yielding varieties across varying soil environments. Determine the ways in which information on spatial variation of soil properties, rice yield, and crop canopy reflectance can be utilized in site-specific soil fertility management. Determine best management practices for newly released cultivars (including hybrids) across varying soil environments. Evaluate the response of advanced Mississippi breeding lines to N-fertilizer. PARTICIPANTS: Timothy W. Walker - Agronomist , PI Jason A. Bond - Pest Management Nathan W. Buehring - Extension Rice Specialist Richard J. Norman - Collaborator, University of Arkansas Nathan Slaton - Collaborator, University of Arkansas Dustin Harrell - Collaborator, Louisiana State University Scott Lanford - Agricultural Technician Jason M. Satterfield - Graduate Research Associate William L. Kingery - Collaborator, Soil Scientist Jac J. Varco - Collaborator, Soil Scientist Michael S. Cox - Collaborator, Soil Scientist Grady Jackson - Research Associate Jeff Gore - Collaborator, Entomologist Paxton Fitts - Research Associate Walter Solomon - Research Associate Dwight Kanter - Agronomist/Breeder Kevin Dillon - Graduate Research Associate TARGET AUDIENCES: Presented research findings at 15 grower related meetings including county meetings and field days/demonstrations - main audience included rice growers. Presented specific research results at the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America Annual Meetings in Pittsburg, PA. Main audience was scientists. Presented comprehensive research results outlined above to the Mississippi Rice Consultants Working Group. This group represents individuals who are directly involved with production decisions for over one-half of the rice acreage in Mississippi PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
N rate recommendations for new cultivars were developed from results at four locations; two clay soils and two silt loam soils. Nitrification rate was determined to be extremely high in Sharkey clay soil with a high pH; thus experimentation will be designed to lessen the loss potential. Polymer coated products were evaluated with one that has potential to serve as a physical control tool for nitrification/denitrification losses. Nitrogen loss via volatilization was studied; however, based on grain yields and N recovery, N loss via volatilization was negligible. Nitrogen soil test development continued in collaboration with the University of Arkansas. Canopy sensor based N applications showed promise now that a yield prediction equation has been developed. Phosphorus correlation/calibration research resulted in the need to adjust soil testing recommendations to include soil pH and extractable P. Seeding date studies resulted in the determination of optimum planting dates. Bowman yields were more stable compared to many other cultivars, especially in late planted situation. Plant nutrient recommendations have become more refined due to these findings and will result in greater nutrient use efficiency at the farm level.
Publications
- Bond, J.A. and T.W. Walker. 2009. Control of volunteer glyphosate-resistant soybean in rice. Weed Tech. 23(2):225-230.
- Franzen, D., R.J. Goos, R.J. Norman, T.W. Walker, T.L. Roberts, N.A. Slaton, G. Endres, R. Ashley, J. Staricka, and J. Lukach. 2009. Field and laboratory studies comparing Nutrisphere-N urea with urea in North Dakota, Arkansas and Mississippi. Submitted to Journal of Plant Nutrition. accepted in January 2010.
- Harrell, D.L., T.W. Walker, M. Salassi, and J.A. Bond. 2009. Modeling rice grain yield response to nitrogen fertilization for delayed-flood production. Submitted to Journal of Plant Nutrition.
- A Brief History of Mississippi Rice. 2009. Mississippi Market Bulletin 97:18. September 15, 2009.
- Kanter, D.G., T.W. Walker, N.W. Buehring, W.L. Solomon, L.S. Lanford, S. Shaifer, G.E. Baird, III., P. Fitts. 2009. Mississippi rice variety trials, 2009. MAFES Information Bulletin No. 453. Mississippi State, MS.
- Bond, J.A. and T.W. Walker. 2009. Effect of pendimethalin formulation and application timing on stale seedbed rice performance. MAFES Research Report. 24:3.
- Bond, J.A., T.W. Walker, N.W. Buehring, and E.P. Webster. 2009. Rice tolerance to postemergence applications of penoxulam. MAFES Research Report. 24:4.
- Bond, J.A., T.W. Walker, and N.W. Buehring. 2009. Impact of nitrogen rate on the performance of three rice cultivars seeded at varying densities. MAFES Research Report. 24:5.
- Satterfield, J.M., T.W. Walker, J.J. Varco, J.A. Bond, N.W. Buehring. 2009. Evaulation of technology aimed to improve nitrogen use efficiency for delayed-flood rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. Master's Thesis. Mississippi State University.
- Walker, T.W. and J.M. Satterfield. 2009. Managing nitrogen in rice with precision: Is it possible National Conservation Systems Cotton and Rice Conference. Marksville, LA. (invited)
- Walker, T.W., J.M. Satterfield, J.J. Varco, J.A. Bond and N.W. Buehring. 2009. Effects of ammonium sulfate on seedling rice growth, grain yield, and nitrogen recovery. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meetings. Pittsburg, PA.
- Tubana, B., D. Harrell, T.Walker, S.B. Phillips. 2009. Canopy reflectance-based algorithm for in-season estimation of rice grain yield. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meetings. Pittsburg, PA.
- Satterfield, J.M., T. Walker, J. Varco, R.J. Norman, and D. Harrell. 2009. Assessment of rice yield and nitrogen nutrition using canopy spectral reflectance. Southern Branch of the American Society of Agronomy Meetings. Atlanta, GA
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Determined optimum N-fertilizer management across varying production environments (silt loam soils, high pH soils, continuous rice, minimum and no-till rice). Investigated current recommendations for P, K, S, and Zn and determined their validity for newer high yielding varieties across varying soil environments. Determined the ways in which information on spatial variation of soil properties, rice yield, and crop canopy reflectance can be utilized in site-specific soil fertility management. Determined best management practices for newly released cultivars (including hybrids) across varying soil environments. Evaluated the response of advanced Mississippi breeding lines to N-fertilizer. PARTICIPANTS: Timothy W. Walker, Agronomist , PI; Jason A. Bond, Pest Management; Nathan W. Buehring, Extension Rice Specialist; Richard J. Norman, Collaborator, University of Arkansas; Nathan Slaton, Collaborator, University of Arkansas; Dustin Harrell, Collaborator, Louisiana State University; Scott Lanford, Agricultural Technician; Jason M. Satterfield, Graduate Research Associate; William L. Kingery, Collaborator, Soil Scientist; Jac J. Varco, Collaborator, Soil Scientist; Michael S. Cox, Collaborator, Soil Scientist; Grady Jackson, Research Associate. TARGET AUDIENCES: Presented research findings at 15 grower related meetings including county meetings and field days/demonstrations - main audience included rice growers. Presented specific research results at two scientific meetings including the Southern Branch of the American Society of Agronomy Meeting and the Rice Technical Working Group-main audience included Researchers and Extension Personnel. Presented comprehensive rice fertility and agronomic production research for the Mississippi Crop College - main audience is Certified Crop Advisors. Presented comprehensive research results outlined above to the Mississippi Rice Consultants Working Group. This group represents individuals who are directly involved with production decisions for over one-half of the rice acreage in Mississippi. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
N-fertilizer management across varying production environments N rate recommendations for new cultivars were developed from results at four locations. The rate of DCD in SUPER U was not sufficient in the company's mixture for clay soils. Polymer coated products were evaluated with some having showed promise. Nitrogen soil test development continued in collaboration with the University of Arkansas. Starter N applications resulted in poor N recovery efficiency. Plant growth regulator data has been submitted to RiceTec and Syngenta with the hopes that implementation is possible. Nitrogen response in the fifth year of continuous rice resulted in a major yield reduction and a need for more N in the 5th year relative to previous years. Phosphorus correlation/calibration research resulted in the need to adjust soil testing recommendations to include soil pH and extractable P. Canopy reflectance showed that yield potential is related to plant parameters (biomass, N status). Seeding date studies resulted in the determination of optimum planting dates. Bowman yields were more stable compared to many other cultivars, especially in late planted situation.
Publications
- Walker, T. W., J.A. Bond, B.V. Ottis, and D.L. Harrell. 2008. The effects of starter nitrogen to rice seeded at various densities. Online. Crop Management doi:10.1094/CM-2008-0911-01-RS.
- Walker, T.W., J.A. Bond, B.V. Ottis, P.D. Gerard, and D.L. Harrell. 2008. Hybrid rice response to nitrogen fertilization for midsouthern United States rice production.Agron. J. 100:381-386.
- Bond, J.A., T.W. Walker, B.V. Ottis, and D.L. Harrell. 2008. Rice seeding and nitrogen rate effects on yield and yield components of two rice cultivars. Agron. J. 100:393-397.
- Walker,T.W., R. Norman, B. Ottis, and J. Bond. 2008. Starter fertilizer for delayed-flood rice, agronomic effects. Better Crops 92(2):4-6.
- Buehring, N., Kanter,D.,Walker,T.W., Bond,J., Silva,M., Pringle,L., Damicone,J., Moore,B., Fox,J., Sciumbato,G., Robbins,J. and Martin,S. 2008.Mississippi Rice Growers Guide. Publication 2255. Mississippi State University Extension Service.
- Walker, T.W. 2008. 2008 Mississippi Rice Production Update, Mississippi Market Bulletin 97:18. September 15, 2008.
- Walker, T.W. 2008. Nitrogen Fertilization For Rice Advice Farm and Family Radio Program. January 9, 2008.
- Norman, R.J., T.L. Roberts, T.W. Walker, C.E. Wilson, Jr., A.J. Enochs, D.L. Frizzell, and J.D. Branson. 2008. Effect of nutrisphere on ammonia-volatilization loss of urea and the grain yield of drill-seeded, delayed-flood rice. R.J. Norman, J.F. Meullenet, and K.A.K. Moldenhauer (Eds.). B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies 2007. Arkansas Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 560. p. 175-182. Fayetteville, AR.
- Bond, J.A., T.W. Walker, N.W. Buehring, L.C. Vaughan, and L.S. Lanford. 2008. Rice weed and pest management project 2007 annual research report. Miss. Agric. and For. Exp. Stn. Information Bulletin 442. Mississippi State, MS.
- Kanter, D.G., T.C. Miller, W.L. Solomon, G.E. Baird III, T.W. Walker. 2008. Mississippi rice variety trials, 2008. Miss. Agric. and For. Exp. Stn. Information Bulletin 447. Mississippi State, MS.
- Bond, J. A., and T. W. Walker. 2008. Effect of pendimethalin formulation and application timing on stale seedbed rice performance. MAFES Research Report. 24:3.
- Bond, J. A., T. W. Walker, N. W. Buehring, and E. P. Webster. 2008. Rice tolerance to postemergence applications of penoxsulam. MAFES Research Report. 24:4.
- Bond, J. A., and T. W. Walker. 2008. The impact of nitrogen rate on performance of three rice cultivars seeded at varying densities. MAFES Research Report. 24:5.
- Bond, J.A., T.W. Walker, N.W. Buehring, and L.C. Vaughn. 2008. Clearfield rice hybrids respond differently to late-season imazamox applications. Proceedings of the 32nd Rice Technical Working Group, San Diego,CA.
- Buehring, N.W., T.W. Walker, and J.A. Bond. Rice seeding rate and row spacing revisited. 2008.Proceedings of the 32nd Rice Technical Working Group, San Diego, CA.
- Bond, J.A., T.W. Walker, N.W. Buehring, and L.C. Vaughn. 2008. Herbicide options for glyphosate-tolerant soybean control in rice. Proceedings of the 32nd Rice Technical Working Group, San Diego, CA.
- Satterfield, J.M., T.W. Walker, S.G. Bajwa, R.J. Norman, D.L. Harrell, J.A. Bond, and J.J. Varco. 2008. Assessing midseason nitrogen status of rice using spectrophotometry.Proceedings of the 32nd Rice Technical Working Group, San Diego, CA.
- Tarpley, L. and Walker, T.W.2008. Nitrogen fertility and growth regulator effects on hybrid rice yield in Texas.Proceedings of the 32nd Rice Technical Working Group, San Diego, CA. Walker, T.W., J.M. Satterfield, S.G. Bajwa, R.J. Norman, D.L. Harrell, J.A. Bond, and J.J. Varco. 2008. An evaluation of commercially available imagery of rice crop canopy affected by nitrogen nutrition. Proceedings of the 32nd Rice Technical Working Group, San Diego, CA.
- Walker, T.W., L. Tarpley, and J.A. Bond. 2008. The potential for maximizing nitrogen use efficiency in hybrid rice using a plant growth regulator. Proceedings of the 32nd Rice Technical Working Group, San Diego, CA.
- Walker, T.W., N.A. Slaton, M.S. Cox, J.A. Bond, and J.M. Satterfield. 2008. An update of phosphorus nutrition research in Mississippi rice production. Proceedings of the 32nd Rice Technical Working Group, San Diego, CA.
- Walker, T.W., J.A. Bond, N.W. Buehring, S.W. Martin. 2008. Fertilizer management for rice: economic considerations. Proceedings of the 11th Annual National Conservation Systems Cotton and Rice Conference, Tunica, MS.
- Walker, T., M. Cox, N. Slaton, J. Bond, and J. Satterfield. 2008. Improving phosphorus fertilization recommendations for rice. Southern Branch of the American Soc. of Agron. Abstracts,Dallas, TX.
- Bond, J.A., T.W. Eubank, B. Blessitt, T.W. Walker, and N.W. Buehring. 2008. Managing glyphosate resistant weeds in rice. 11th Conservations Systems Rice and Cotton Conference. Tunica, MS.
- Bond, J.A., T.W. Walker, and L.C. Vaughn. 2008. Volunteer glyphosate-resistant soybean management in rice. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. 61:17.
- Bond, J.A., T.W. Walker, and L.C. Vaughn. 2008. Rice hybrid response to imazamox. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. Jacksonville, FL. 61:33.
- Norman, R.J., C.E. Wilson, Jr., C.E., T.L. Roberts, T.W. Walker, D.L. Frizzell, A.J. Enochs, J.D. Branson, and N.A. Slaton. 2008. Evaluation of Agrotain and Nutrisphere coated urea applied preflood to delayed-flood rice. Proceedings of the 32nd Rice Technical Working Group, San Diego, CA.
- Allen, T.W. and T.W. Walker. 2008. Sheath blight control using a fungicide with and without a spray adjuvant. Proceedings of the 32nd Rice Technical Working Group, San Diego, CA.
- Bond, J.A., T.W. Walker, N.W. Buehring, and L.C. Vaughn. 2008.Salvage herbicide applications: How late is too late Proceedings of the 32nd Rice Technical Working Group, San Diego, CA.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Nitrogen fertility studies were conducted for four hybrids, four newly released inbred varieties, and five breeding lines on clay soils at the Delta Research and Extension Center and on a producer's field near Benoit, MS, as well as on silt loam soils at producers fields near Cleveland, MS, and Shaw, MS. Other N management studies included the evaluation of: 1) an alternative N source applied at planting rather than preflood; 2) early season (1- to 2-leaf rice) N sources; and 3) reflectance measurements to determine nitrogen and biomass status of rice at early reproductive growth stage (panicle differentiation). Phosphorus studies were conducted to add to the database that is being developed to correlate and calibrate a soil test method for use in rice. Potassium nutrition studies were continued to add to the database for correlation and calibration of soil test values with relative grain yield. Seed rates and row spacing were evaluated for two varieties. Finally, yield trials were conducted for various commercially available varieties and hybrids under different environments to aid in variety selection. Events 1. Presented research findings at 15 grower related meetings including county meetings and field days/demonstrations 2. Presented specific research results at 4 scientific meetings including the American Society of Agronomy Meetings 3. Presented comprehensive rice fertility and agronomic production research for the University of Missouri Certified Crop Advisor Meeting. PARTICIPANTS: No Participant information reported. TARGET AUDIENCES: No Target Audiences information reported. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No Project Modifications information reported.
Impacts
A mathematical model was applied to cultivar by nitrogen response data to aid in answering a current and relevant question by growers and consultants. This model indicated that even at record high N prices, the recommendations set forth by the MSU/MAFES and MSU/ES are valid. The specific impact of this information is hard to determine other than growers have been made aware of the negative economic connotations of reducing N application rates. In addition, this model did show growers that soils coarse in texture need approximately 20% less N to achieve an economical optimum return on the N investment compared to fine-textured soils. Five years of phosphorus response data was used to correlate soil test P and relative grain yield. These results indicate that the current means of recommending P fertilizer are not adequate for rice; however, soil pH in addition to soil test P greatly improved the predictability of the model and will be tested on production fields in 2008. Change in Action:Two popular rice cultivars were lost for the 2007 production year due to a detected adventitious presence of the Liberty Link rice trait, and hence a ban of affected cultivars as a means to flush the seed channel from this seed. Due to recent variety trials over multiple years and multiple soil types, growers utilized our information to alter seed planting decisions. The Mississippi rice industry set a new production per acre record of 7450 lb/acre which was a 6% increase from the previous year which was also a record year. The yield increase resulted in a gross farm gate value of over $11 million for 2007.
Publications
- Walker, T. W., J. A. Bond, B. V. Ottis, and D. L. Harrell. 2008. Hybrid rice response to N fertilization for midsouthern USA rice production. Agron. J. 100:381-386.
- Bond, J. A., T. W. Walker, B. V. Ottis. 2008. Rice seeding and nitrogen rate effects on yield, quality, and yield components of two rice growth types. Agron. J. 100:393-397.
- Kanter, D. G., T. C. Miller, W. L. Solomon, G. E. Baird III, and T. W. Walker. 2007. Mississippi rice variety trials, 2007. Information Bulletin No. 439. Miss. Agric. and For. Exp. Stn. Mississippi State, MS.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Nitrogen fertility studies were conducted for three hybrids, six newly released inbred varieties, and approximately twenty breeding lines on clay soils at the Delta Research and Extension Center and on a producer's field near Benoit, MS, as well as on silt loam soils at producers fields near Cleveland, MS, and Shaw, MS. Other N management studies included the evaluation of: 1) an alternative N source applied at planting rather than preflood; 2) early season (1- to 2-leaf rice) N sources; 3) N sources aimed at protecting N loss via volatilization; 4) plant population and N interactions; 5) variable rate N applications in rice aided by aerial imagery. Phosphorus studies were conducted to add to the database that is being developed to correlate and calibrate a soil test method for use in rice. Also, a dicarboxylic acid coating (AVAIL) was evaluated for its effectiveness in improving the availability of P-fertilizer. Potassium nutrition studies were initiated to begin a
database for correlation and calibration of soil test values. Sulfur nutrition products were evaluated on a grower's field near Tunica, MS, where S deficiencies had been previously observed. Seed rates and row spacing were evaluated for two varieties. Pendimethalin was evaluated in a reduced tillage situation at times ranging from just after planting to seven days after planting. Tolerance studies were conducted for the new herbicide GRASP(penoxsulam). Studies to evaluate sheath blight efficacy with and without adjuvants were conducted. Finally, yield trials were conducted for various commercially available varieties and hybrids under different environments to aid in variety selection
Impacts
Nitrogen rate studies conducted on silt loam soils indicate that up to 25% less N fertilizer can be used without sacrificing yields. In Mississippi, this would equate to approximately 2.5 million pounds less N being applied. Preliminary P response data indicate that the soil test method currently being used is not precise in predicting where rice yields would be increased with P application. Improving the current method by considering other soil parameters is being evaluated. Phosphorus timing studies indicate that P-fertilizer should be applied between planting and flooding rather than in the fall prior to planting. The early season N applications increased plant height at the 5-leaf stage and increased yields by approximately 6 bu per acre. Preliminary data suggests that growers could possibly save an additional $20 per acre in herbicide costs by being able to establish a flood one week sooner compared to when no early season N application is made. Seeding rates can
be reduced by approximately 40% without yield loss when planted into proper seedbeds.
Publications
- Koger, C.H., T.W. Walker, and L. J. Krutz. 2006. Response of three rice Oryza sativa) cultivars to pendimethalin application, planting depth, and rainfall. Crop Protection. 25:684-689.
- Walker, T.W., S.W. Martin, and P.D. Gerard. 2006. Grain yield and milling quality response of two rice cultivars to top-dress nitrogen application timings. Agron. J. 98(6):1495-1500.
- Walker, T. W., Kingery, W. L., Street, J. E., Cox, M. S., Gerard, P. D., and Oldham, J. L. 2007. Soil chemical properties and rice yield response to nitrogen rate and timing after precision leveling. Online. Crop Management. doi:10.1094/CM-2007-0119-02-RS.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Nitrogen fertility studies were conducted for seven hybrids, five newly released inbred varieties, and four advanced breeding lines on clay soils at the Delta Research and Extension Center, and on a silt loam soil at a producer's field in Cleveland, MS. In addition, N fertility studies were conducted for 18 preliminary breeding lines at DREC. Other N management studies included the evaluation of: 1) an alternative N source applied at planting rather than preflood; 2) early season (1- to 2-leaf rice) N sources; 3) Agrotain to protect N loss via volatilization; 4) plant population and N interactions; and 5) various N sources when it takes longer than five days to establish a permanent flood after N application. Phosphorus studies were conducted to add to the database that is being developed to correlate and calibrate a soil test method for use in rice. Also, a dicarboxylic acid coating (AVAIL) was evaluated for its effectiveness in improving the availability of
P-fertilizer. Seed rates and row spacing were evaluated for two varieties and one hybrid. Pendimethalin was evaluated in a reduced tillage situation at times ranging from just after planting to seven days after planting. Tolerance studies were conducted for the new herbicide GRASP (penoxsulam). A harpin protein (PROACT) was evaluated for its effectiveness in improving rice grain yield. Studies to evaluate sheath blight efficacy with and without adjuvants were conducted. Finally, yield trials were conducted for various commercially available varieties and hybrids under different environments to aid in variety selection.
Impacts
Nitrogen rate studies conducted on silt loam soils indicate that up to 25% less N fertilizer can be used without sacrificing yields. In Mississippi, this would equate to approximately 2.5 million pounds less N being applied. Agrotain has proven to be effective in reducing volatilization and hence yield loss. Growers could expect to improve their income by $20 per acre if they have problems flooding within 5 days after N application. Preliminary P response data indicate that the soil test method currently being used is not precise in predicting where rice yields would be increased with P application. Improving the current method by considering other soil parameters should be evaluated. Finally, the early season N applications increased plant height and total N uptake. Preliminary data suggests that growers could save approximately $20 per acre in N costs, and may possibly save an additional $20 per acre in herbicide costs by being able to establish a flood one week
sooner compared to when no early season N application is made.
Publications
- Bond, J.A., T.W. Walker, P.K. Bollich, C.H. Koger, and P. Gerard. 2005. Seeding rates for stale seedbed rice production in the Midsouthern United States. Agron. J. 97(6):1560-1563.
- Koger, C.H., D.L. Shaner, L.J. Krutz, T.W. Walker, N. Buehring, W.B. Henry, W.E. Thomas, and J.W. Wilcut. 2005. Rice (Oryza sativa)response to drift rates of glyphosate. Pest Mgt. Sci. 61(12):1161-1167.
- Walker, T.W. 2006. Rice grain yield response to nitrogen fertilization for newly released cultivars and hybrids. MAFES Research Report 23:20.
- Kanter, D.G., T.C. Miller, W.L. Solomon, G.E. Baird III, and T.W. Walker. 2005. Mississippi Rice Variety Trials, 2005. MAFES Information Bull. No. 424.
- Martin, S.W., T.W. Walker, and N.W. Buehring. 2005. Economic analysis of selected rice varieties. Crop Management. Accessed at http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/sub/cm/brief/2005/rice/.
- Snipes, C.E., S.P. Nichols, D.H. Poston, T.W. Walker, L.P. Evans, and H.R. Robinson. 2005. Current agricultural practices of the Mississippi Delta. MAFES Bulletin No. 1143.
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