Source: TUFTS UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
THE NEXT WAVE: ADVANCING EDUCATION IN LABORATORY ANIMAL PAIN MEDICINE.
Sponsoring Institution
Cooperating Schools of Veterinary Medicine
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0202565
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2004
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2005
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
TUFTS UNIVERSITY
200 WESTBORO ROAD
N. GRAFTON,MA 01536
Performing Department
CLINICAL SCIENCES
Non Technical Summary
Over the past two decades, major barriers that had hindered modern medicine from easing the suffering of humans in pain have been overcome. Considerable barriers to the provision of pain relief in animals still exist due to lack of training and sufficient expertise. One large segment of the veterinary field that suffers from significant deficiencies to the treatment of pain is that of research animal. To address this problem, a new veterinary sub-specialty will need to be created, that of the individual who is skilled in modern veterinary pain management techniques, as well as versed in the implications of the regulatory environment and the specialist knowledge required for a wide variety of laboratory animal species needing care.
Animal Health Component
75%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
25%
Applied
75%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
31538401020100%
Knowledge Area
315 - Animal Welfare/Well-Being and Protection;

Subject Of Investigation
3840 - Laboratory animals;

Field Of Science
1020 - Physiology;
Goals / Objectives
In veterinary schools and specialty practices, pain medicine is taught to veterinary students, but there are not enough hours in the curriculum to add this important subject in sufficient depth. Patients at these few specialty practices and at veterinary school hospitals benefit from a baseline of pain consideration and treatment that is greater than the norm in a general practice. It is estimated that of the approximately 25,000 general small animal veterinary practices in the U.S., less than half of them use pain relievers stronger than aspirin. Barriers to provision of pain relief in owned veterinary patients (pets, working animals, zoo animals) include lack of sufficient training by veterinarians and nurses, lack of third party payment for medical services, and lack of recognition of the importance of adequate pain treatment. Pain may be regarded as important by the owner and by those involved in its health care, but the lack of confidence in the safety and efficacy of treatment options is a significant problem. The barriers that still exist for laboratory animals stem from 1) a lack of sufficient training of its veterinarians in pain medicine, and 2) a lack of information about proven or feasible techniques in common laboratory animal species such as swine, rabbits, small ruminants, etc. Key approaches to removing these barriers must involve education of veterinarians and animal care technicians, and research into methods of providing appropriate pain relief in the diverse species and diverse research models that are found in biomedical research. In order to do this, a new sub-specialty is needed, that of the individual who is adept in modern veterinary pain medicine techniques, as well as versed in the implications of regulatory and species aspects of lab animal care. Such individuals would serve multiple purposes: 1. They will educate others (veterinarians enrolled in laboratory animal medicine residencies, and existing lab animal veterinarians and technicians) in pain assessment and treatment. 2. They will act as advisors to IACUCs (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee) and regulatory bodies in what is effective and reasonable. 3. They will identify areas of laboratory animal pain medicine where evidence-based approaches to providing effective pain management are needed and will engage in the conduct and review of such research.
Project Methods
This project is for a training grant to foster the advancement of a veterinary professional to take on the roles outlined above. The year of training provided for by this project will direct the activities of the resident to several areas specific to laboratory animal anesthesia and analgesia. During the funded year the resident: 1. will attend as a guest or member, regular IACUC meetings, as well as participate on a discussion list on laboratory animal issues, conduct literature surveys on publications in the field of laboratory animal pain medicine and on the IVAPM (International Veterinary Academy of Pain Management) list to develop an overview of the issues faced in laboratory animal medicine. 2. will undertake, or participate in as a co-investigator, a study in an area relevant to lab animal pain medicine. 3. will be mentored in such a way that they can participate in teaching of continuing education in pain medicine to laboratory animal veterinarians and technicians, and attend one or more conferences in this specialty.

Progress 09/01/04 to 08/31/05

Outputs
1) Theoretical considerations of aspects of laboratory animal anesthesia and analgesia: a) Discussion and participation in consultations for the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and laboratory animal veterinarians on issues of analgesia and anesthesia of laboratory animals. b) Discussion of 2 articles for manuscript review for publication involving anesthesia and analgesia of laboratory animals. Discussion of study design, methods and conclusions, and relevance to improving analgesia. c) Discussion of actual research proposals submitted to the Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee with respect to experimental design, animal use issues, training of investigators and analgesia methods. 2) Hands on experiences related to laboratory animal anesthesia and analgesia: a) Participation in anesthesia and humane euthanasia of water buffalo. b) Participation in a laboratory to teach methods of anesthesia and sample collection of mice and rats to veterinary masters students, including multiple methods of inducing anesthesia, intubation, blood collection, and injections. 3) Research projects in progress or preparation: a) Development of experimental design, including preparation of IACUC protocol, statistical design and completion of data collection for a study of hydromorphone pharmacokinetics in laboratory dogs. b) Development of a proposal to test the analgesic duration and effectiveness of hydromorphone for knee surgery in dogs, including preparation of IACUC protocol, statistical design and informed consent. This proposal is under consideration by the appropriate review boards. c) In process: development of a proposal to study the effectiveness of an implanted wound catheter for pain control in dogs following major surgery. The post graduate veterinarian has been working with a commercial company to produce a novel commercially prepared catheter. Testing of this catheter device will be performed in clinical patients and then its use published for veterinary clinical applications and also presented to a laboratory animal audience for application in studies where use of other analgesics may be contraindicated. 4) Lectures to a veterinary school audience on the following: a) Scientific evidence for use of local and regional anesthetics for pain control. b) Pharmacologic aspects of accepted methods of euthanasia. 5) Special events: a) Participation in a laboratory designed to teach physicians to repair tracheal defects in terminally anesthetized goats and swine. The role of our post graduate veterinarian will be to learn and perform anesthetic management by intravenous methods in both species. b) Travel to a meeting on laboratory animal use. c) Design and participation in study of stress related to routine procedures in laboratory rabbits, as part of a larger project on analgesia in rabbits.

Impacts
The purpose this project was to be able to add to the cadre of experts in pain medicine specifically for laboratory animals, by intensively supporting one post graduate veterinarian for the term of one year and to. As a result, one of our veterinarians is well suited to continue developing into a subject matter expert in the field of laboratory animal pain medicine, and to mentor new additions of people to the field.

Publications

  • No publications reported this period