Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Research results were used to update the recommendations for managing weeds in rice in the Louisiana Suggested Chemical Weed Control Guide. Information was also presented at producer, consultant, and retailer meetings, as well as field days. In addition, information was also presented at regional and national scientific meetings. PARTICIPANTS: Producers, graduate assistants, consultants, county agents, industry representatives and retailers visited research plots learn about new technologies and techniques for managing weeds in rice. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences for this project include producers, county agents, consultants and weed management professionals. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Broadleaf and sedge weeds have become more problematic in recent years. This is likely due the increased use of Command and other herbicides with limited broadleaf and sedge activity. Command applied PRE followed by a POST application of various herbicides just before or after permanent flood has become one of the most common weed control programs in conventional rice. As a result, attempts to control broadleaf and sedge weeds are delayed until late in the season. Even in Clearfield rice, attempts to control broadleaf and sedge weeds are often delayed until the second Newpath application. Delaying broadleaf weed control leads to larger and more difficult weeds to manage; thus, leading to more escapes and higher weed populations. Most of the current broadleaf herbicides were active on small weeds but gave no residual control and required additional applications for satisfactory control. Delaying broadleaf and sedge weed control until the 4-5 leaf stage compared to removing weeds at the 1-2 leaf stage resulted in better weed control, but reduced yields by as much as 25%. Propanil based programs were very effective at controlling most broadleaf and sedge weeds when they were small. However, they were less effective on larger weeds late in the season. For example, propanil plus Londax provided excellent control of Texasweed less than 3 inches tall; Texasweed taller than 3 inches, however, was not controlled. When weed control programs consisted of two propanil applications excellent weed control was observed. V-10142, a herbicide being developed by Valent USA, is very promising for solving some of the problems with sedge and broadleaf weeds. V-10142 demonstrated fair to good postemergence activity on several weeds including sesbania, Texasweed, eclipta and rice flatsedge when they were small. The most exciting aspect of V-10142 was the excellent residual activity on key weeds. When applied preemergence with Command V-10142 controlled sesbania (90%) and Texasweed (98%). V-10142 applications made at the 2-3 leaf rice stage with other herbicides like propanil and Regiment resulted in season-long control of sesbania, Texasweed and eclipta. V-10142 did not demonstrate any activity on barnyardgrass. It did, however, suppress Amazon sprangletop when applied before emergence. Permit and Strada were more effective at controlling yellow nutsedge and sesbania POST than V-10142. V-10142 resulted in the best Texasweed and rice flatsedge control. Also, V-10142 provided good residual control whereas Strada did not. Permit provided some residual sesbania and sedge control, but was less effective than V-10142. With the exception of yellow nutsedge, Strada and Permit were similar in their spectrum of activity. The best yellow nutsedge control was observed with Permit applications or when 2 oz/A Strada was applied with 0.25 oz/A Permit.
Publications
- Burns, A.B., B.J. Williams, and R.K. Godara. 2008. Effect of adjuvant selection on weed control in drill-seeded rice. Proc. of South. Weed Sci. Soc. 61:27.
- Godara, R.K., B.J. Williams, and A.B. Burns. 2008. Effect of shade on Texasweed (Caperonia palustris) emergence and growth. Proc. of South. Weed Sci. Soc. 61:22.
- Godara, R.K., B.J. Williams, and A.B. Burns. 2008. Evaluation of V-10142 for weed management in drill-seeded rice. Proc. of South. Weed Sci. Soc. 61:110.
- Godara, R.K., B.J. Williams, and A.B. Burns. 2008. Evaluation of Texasweed (Caperonia palustris) emergence and growth in response to shade. Proc. Weed Science Soc. of America. 48:83.
- Williams, B.J., R.K. Godara, and A.B. Burns. 2008. Post-flood annual grass control in drill-seeded rice. Proceedings of 32nd Rice Technical Working Group Meeting. 32:In press.
- Williams, B.J., R.K. Godara, and A.B. Burns. 2008. Weed control in drill-seeded rice with halosulfuron. Proceedings of 32nd Rice Technical Working Group Meeting. 32:In press.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
Research results were used to update rice weed control recommendations found in the Louisiana Suggested Chemical Weed Control Guide (http://www.lsuagcenter.com/en/crops_livestock/crops/rice/Weed+Contro l/Louisianas+Suggested+Chemical+Weed+Control+Guide.htmd). Current research based information was also presented at grower, consultant and retailer meetings, as well as field days. In addition, research findings were reported at regional and national scientific meetings.
Impacts
Recent research suggests that early season broadleaf weed management deserves more attention. As in 2006, rice yields improved about 25% when sedges and broadleaf weeds were removed early in the season instead of just before permanent flood. Most of the current broadleaf herbicides have very little residual activity so additional applications are required to control escapes. There are several economical herbicide options for late season broadleaf weed control, but none of these can be applied with Clincher. As result, it can be very expensive and require multiple applications when a producer has both annual grasses, especially sprangletop, and broadleaf weeds late in the season. V-10142 appears to be very promising for solving some of the problems with sedge and broadleaf weeds. As in 2006, V-10142 demonstrated fair to good postemergence activity on several weeds including hemp sesbania, Texasweed, eclipta and rice flatsedge when they were small. The most exciting
aspect of V-10142 was the excellent residual activity on key weeds. When applied preemergence V-10142 controlled sesbania (85%) and Texasweed (95%). V-10142 applications made at the 2-3 leaf rice stage with other herbicides like propanil and Regiment resulted in season-long control of sesbania, Texasweed and eclipta. V-10142 did not demonstrate any activity on barnyardgrass. It did, however, control Amazon sprangletop 80% when applied before emergence. Overall, V-10142 appears to be a very promising herbicide for early season weed control. Past research demonstrated that mixing Prowl 3.3 EC with Newpath improved annual grass and red rice control. Several consultants who used the combination believed the improved control was due to an emulsifier in Prowl 3.3 EC. The emulsifier applied at 0.75 to 1% v/v improved barnyardgrass control from Newpath. Still, the best control was observed from Newpath applied with Prowl 3.3 or Prowl H20. Prowl H20 does not contain the emulsifier and was just
as effective as Prowl 3.3 EC. Several, more traditional, adjuvant systems for Newpath were evaluated in other studies. The best weed control was observed when Newpath was mixed with an MSO plus organosilicone blend plus UAN or an MSO. COC and 90:10 non-ionic surfactants were similar, while organosilcones and non-ionic surfactants lower than 80:10 were not as effective. Research with Grasp and Regiment focused on post flood weed control, rice tolerance, combinations with other herbicides, and the effect of adjuvants on weed control. Grasp was less effective than Clincher, Ricestar, Regiment or Facet for post flood barnyardgrass control. Neither Grasp nor Regiment controlled sprangletop pre- or post-flood. Grasp and Regiment did a good job of controlling hemp sesbania post flood. When mixed with Clincher or Ricestar Grasp and Regiment reduced sprangletop control. Combinations of Grasp or Regiment with Londax controlled Texasweed 90% or better, where each herbicide applied alone resulted
in less than 70% control. Regiment plus Permit also controlled Texasweed. As with Newpath, weed control from Grasp and Regiment was best when applied with an MSO plus organosilicone blend plus UAN.
Publications
- Burns, A.B., B.J. Williams, and R.K. Godara. 2007. Evaluation of halosulfuron for weed management in drill-seeded rice. Proc. of South. Weed Sci. Soc. 59:44.
- Burns, A.B., B.J. Williams, and R.K. Godara. 2007. Programs for managing alligatorweed in drill-seeded rice. Proc. of South. Weed Sci. Soc. 59:45.
- Burns, A.B., B.J. Williams, and R.K. Godara. 2007. Programs for managing alligatorweed in drill-seeded rice. Proc. Weed Science Soc. of America 47:20.
- Godara, R.K, B.J. Williams and A.B. Burns. 2007. Combinations for managing Texasweed in drill-seeded rice. Proc. Weed Science Soc. of America . 47:193.
- Godara, R.K, B.J. Williams and A.B. Burns. 2007. Evaluation of V-10142 for weed management in drill-seeded rice. Proc. of South. Weed Sci. Soc. 59:14.
- Godara, R.K, B.J. Williams and A.B. Burns. 2007. Evaluation of V-10142 for weed management in drill-seeded rice. Proc. Weed Science Soc. of America 47:19.
- Godara, R.K, B.J. Williams and A.B. Burns. 2007. Herbicide combinations for managing Texasweed in drill-seeded rice. Proc. of South. Weed Sci. Soc. 60:158.
- Williams, B.J., R.K. Godara, and A.B. Burns. 2007. Programs for managing red rice in Clearfield rice. Proc. Weed Science Soc. of America 47:194.
- Williams, B.J., R.K. Godara, and A.B. Burns. 2007. Programs for managing red rice in Clearfield rice. Proc. of South. Weed Sci. Soc. 59:42.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Recent research suggests that early season broadleaf weed management in rice deserves more attention. In 2006, 1.33 pt/A Command applied preemergence followed by a 0.5 oz/A of Regiment 3 days before permanent flood resulted in rice yield of 119 bu/A. Tank-mixing 0.5 oz/A of Permit with Regiment increased yields to 139 bu/A, but when the Permit was added to Command yields were increased to 150 bu/A. Overall weed control was better when Permit was added to Regiment, so it is suspected that the yield increase is from early season weed control. Though a considerable amount of work has been conducted in this area, few realistic programs have emerged. The main problem is that there are no broadleaf herbicides that can be applied early in the season with substantial residual control. However, Valent U.S.A. is developing V-10142 which appears to have good residual broadleaf activity. V-101142 demonstrated good postemergence activity on several weeds including hemp sesbania,
Texasweed, eclipta and rice flatsedge when they were small and also provided excellent residual activity on these weeds. When applied preemergence with Command, V-10142 controlled hemp sesbania (80%) and Texasweed (99%). V-10142 applications made at the 2-3 leaf rice stage with other herbicides like propanil and Regiment resulted in season-long control of hemp sesbania, Texasweed and eclipta. V-10142 did not control barnyardgrass and Amazon sprangletop control was inconsistent. In four trials, V-10142 at high rates controlled Amazon sprangletop preemergence but had very little postemergence activity. In one trial, V-10142 did not appear to have any Amazon sprangletop activity. Overall, V-10142 appears to be a very promising herbicide for early season weed control. Research with Grasp focused on post flood weed control, rice tolerance, combinations with other herbicides for improved Texasweed control, and the effect of adjuvants on weed control. Two times the normal use rate of Grasp
(2 oz/A) and Regiment (0.5 oz/A) were applied to 4-5 leaf rice just before permanent flood. Both herbicides severely inhibited root development, up to 90%, but significant yield reductions were not observed. Combinations of Grasp with Londax controlled Texasweed 90% or better, but when each herbicide was applied alone control was less than 70%. The most interesting work with Grasp was an adjuvant study. Grasp applied with Agridex resulted in less than 70% Texasweed control. However, control was improved to 90% or better when Grasp was applied with MSO, Inergy or Adsee. Research with Regiment focused on herbicide combinations for improved weed control and factors contributing to inconsistent barnyardgrass control. As expected, moisture and coverage strongly influenced barnyardgrass control with Regiment and growth stage had very little influence on control. The main effect of growth stage appeared to be more of a result of coverage than size. Under dry conditions, barnyardgrass control
was increased from less than 60% to over 80% when UAN or DynaPak was used compared to Kinetic.
Impacts
Research at the Northeast Research Station develops information needed to make informed decisions concerning new technologies, crop rotations, and the most cost effective and environmentally friendly programs for controlling weeds in rice. It is estimated that the development of new weed management technologies in rice has increased net returns of up to $114 per acre in the last five years. Improved programs for managing cool-season weeds, and in the case of Clearfield rice for managing red rice, has allowed the development of reduced tillage systems resulting in less sediment and herbicide runoff from rice fields.
Publications
- Bond, J.A, S.D. Linscombe, B.J. Williams, J.L. Griffin, and J.M. Ellis. 2006. Corn and rice response to simulated drift of imazethapyr and imazapyr. Weed Technol. 20(1):113-117.
- Williams, B.J. and S. Kelly. 2006. Long-term management of perennial weeds starts in the Fall. Louisiana Agriculture. 49(3): 26-27.
- Williams, B.J. 2006. Grasp: A new herbicide for managing weeds in rice. Louisiana Agriculture. 49(1): 15-16.
- Williams, B.J. 2006. New options for managing weeds in Clearfield rice. Louisiana Agriculture. 49(1): 16-17.
- Burns, A.B. and B.J. Williams. 2006. Fall applications of glyphosate control alligatorweed in drill-seeded rice. Proceedings of 31st Rice Technical Working Group Meeting. 31:19.
- Williams, B.J. and A.B. Burns. 2006. Annual grass control in Clearfield rice. Proceedings of 31st Rice Technical Working Group Meeting. 31:20.
- Williams, B.J. and A.B. Burns. 2006. Combinations for controlling Texasweed in drill-seeded rice. Proceedings of 31st Rice Technical Working Group Meeting. 31:47.
- Williams, B.J. and A.B. Burns. 2006. Penoxsulam a new herbicide for broadleaf weed management in rice. Proc of La. Agricultural Science Assoc. April 6, 2006. p. 59.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Grasp demonstrated excellent activity on barnyardgrass, hemp sesbania, rice flatsedge, ducksalad, dayflower and purple ammannia in both drill- and water-seeded rice. In off-station tests Grasp has failed to control smallflower umbrella sedge, indicating that it may not be effective against all annual sedges. In drill-seeded rice, 2.0 oz/A Grasp controlled small weeds when applied to 2-3 leaf rice, but at least 2.3 oz/A was needed at the 4-5 leaf stage for consistent control of larger weeds. Grasp at 2.5 oz/A controlled both barnyardgrass and sesbania post flood. In water-seeded rice, Grasp controlled barnyardgrass best when applied from pegging through 2-3 leaf rice. Sesbania control was best when Grasp (2.3 oz/A) was applied at the 2-3 leaf stage. The best control of purple ammannia and ducksalad from Grasp was observed from pegging treatments. Grasp at 2 oz/A plus 1.3 pts/A Command applied to 1-3 leaf rice resulted in excellent control of barnyardgrass, Amazon
sprangletop, hemp sesbania, and rice flatsedge. Clincher plus Grasp combinations controlled barnyardgrass, sprangletop, flatsedge, and sesbania. Overall, weed control was best when Grasp plus Clincher was applied at the 2-3 leaf rice stage. Tank mixing Clincher with Grasp reduced post flood sprangletop control compared to Clincher alone. Newpath plus Grasp combinations in Clearfield rice were also promising. Texasweed control was improved and sesbania was controlled when Newpath was tank mixed with Grasp. Unlike 2004, a reduction in red rice control was not observed in 2005. Grasp plus Londax combinations were also effective at managing Texasweed in conventional rice. Grasp alone did not control Texasweed. Alligatorweed is becoming more problematic throughout Louisiana. Grasp at 2.3 oz/A controls alligatorweed as well as 11 oz/A Grandstand for about 4 weeks, but is less effective after that. The best alligatorweed control, 90% 4 weeks after treatment and 85% 6 weeks after treatment,
was observed from 2.9 oz/A Grasp or 1 pt/A Grandstand. Grasp plus Grandstand at lower rates has not been effective at controlling alligatorweed in Louisiana. Fall applications of 1 lb ai/A glyphosate still appear to be the most promising method of controlling alligatorweed. Glyphosate applied October 1st, 2003 was still providing 85% alligatorweed control in September 2005. Beyond at 5 oz/A can be applied to Clearfield rice after the 2nd Newpath application through 14 days past PI. Research suggests that timing will be critical. If applied too early, coverage is an issue so applications need to be made after red rice is at least as tall as commercial rice. Even though applications can be made up 14 day after PI in commercial rice, it is important that the application is made before the early boot stage of red rice. Beyond also controls Amazon sprangletop and barnyardgrass when applications are made before early boot stages. Research suggests that as with Newpath, increasing Beyond
rate does not ensure adequate control when applications are made after the optimum timing.
Impacts
The introduction of new weed control technology is needed to combat problem weeds, species shifts, and herbicide resistant weeds. The results of this research will provide producers with information needed to make decisions concerning new technologies.
Publications
- Geaghan, B.R. Leonard, and E.P. Webster. 2005. Yield components and quality of rice in response to graminaceous weed density and rice stink bug populations. Crop Protection. 24:991-998.
- Tindall, K.V., M.J. Stout, and B.J. Williams. 2005. Evaluation of the potential role of glufosiante-tolerant rice in integrated pest management programs for rice water weevil (Coleoptera:Curculionidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 97(6):1935-1942.
- Williams, B.J. 2005. Cool-season weed response to flumioxazin. Proc. Weed Science Soc. of America. 45:60.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Annual grass control from imazethapyr applied alone and mixed with cyhalofop, penoxsulam, propanil, or bispyribac was evaluated in several studies. Tank mixing cyhalofop with imazethapyr improved barnyardgrass and sprangletop control compared to imazethapyr alone when applications were made to 2-3 leaf grass. Penoxsulam improved barnyardgrass control but not sprangletop when tank mixed with imazethapyr. Bispyribac was the only herbicide to consistently improve the control of 4-5 leaf or larger barnyardgrass when applied with imazethapyr. Propanil did not improve grass control when mixed with imazethapyr. Red rice control was reduced 5 to 10% when imazethapyr was mixed with cyhalofop or penoxsulam. The best methods for improving grass control in Clearfield rice were to make two timely imazethapyr applications or to mix imazethapyr with clomazone or pendimethalin. Programs for improving red rice control were also evaluated. In one study, imazethapyr was applied alone or
in combination with acetochlor, metolachlor, dimethenamid or pendimethalin. Acetochlor, metolachlor and dimethenamid greatly improved red rice control but caused severe injury, even when applications were made at the 1-2 leaf rice stage. Tank mixing 1.4, 2.8 and 5.6 kg/ha pendimethalin with imazethapyr improved red rice control from 70% with imazethapyr alone to at least 85%. Applying pendimethalin above 2.8 kg/ha caused severe injury. Red rice control with imazamox as affected by rate and timing was evaluated in several studies. Imazamox was more effective at controlling escaped red rice than imazethapyr. Imazamox at 52 g/ha controlled red rice 95% or better when applied at the 2-4 tiller, PI, PI + 10 and PI + 17 rice stages. Imazamox rates could be lowered to 44 g/ha at PI or 35 g/ha at earlier timings. Imazamox was more effective than cyhalofop or bispyribac at controlling barnyardgrass and sprangletop post flood. Several programs for controlling broadleaf weeds in Clearfield rice
were also evaluated. Clearpath (imazethapyr plus quinclorac) will be marketed for use in Clearfield rice by BASF in 2005. Clearpath is slightly better than imazethapyr on barnyardgrass but does not improve sprangletop control. The best fit for Clearpath appears to be improved broadleaf weed control, especially hemp sesbania. Tank mix combinations of imazethapyr with carfentrazone, bentazon, acifluorfen, triclopyr, penoxsulam, bensulfuron, halosulfuron, propanil, bensulfuron plus halosulfuron and bispyribac were evaluated in several studies. Overall, the best combinations were imazethapyr plus bensulfuron plus halosulfuron or imazethapyr plus bispyribac. Imazethapyr combinations with carfentrazone were also effective, when sedges were absent. Triclopyr and penoxsulam were beneficial when alligator weed was present. Overall, the best Clearfield program in 2004 was imazethapyr plus pendimethalin followed by imazethapyr plus any appropriate broadleaf herbicide. Rice yields more than
doubled when pendimethalin or clomazone was included in Clearfield programs.
Impacts
The results of this research provides decision makers with current information needed to manage current, new and emerging weed problems in rice.
Publications
- Tindall, K.V., B.A. Castro, B.J. Williams, and M.J. Stout. 2004. Increase in incidence of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, damage to rice in the presence of Amazon sprangletop, Leptochloa panicoides. Proceedings of 30th Rice Technical Working Group Meeting. 30:14.
- Tindall, K.V., B.J. Williams, B. Castro, and M.J. Stout. 2004. Influence of Amazon sprangletop, Leptochloa panicoides, on sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, damage in rice. Entomological Society of America - Southeastern Branch Annual Meeting, Charleston, SC. February 15-18, 2004.
- Tindall, K.V., B.J. Williams, and M.J. Stout. 2004. Influence of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) developmental stage on rice stink bug (Oebalus pugnax) populations on rice (Oryza sativa). Proc. Weed Science Soc. of America. 44:65.
- Tindall, K.V., B.J. Williams, E.P. Webster, and M.J. Stout. 2004. Individual and combined effects of graminaceous weeds and rice stink bugs (Oebalus pugnax) in rice (Oryza sativa). Proc. Weed Science Soc. of America. 44:274.
- Tindall, K.V., B.J. Williams, M.J. Stout, and E.P. Webster. 2004. Yield components and quality of rice in response to graminaceous weed density and rice stink bug populations. La. Plant Protection Assoc. and La. Assoc. of Agronomist. March 15-16, pp. 33-34.
- Tindall, K.V., B.J. Williams, M.J. Stout, and E.P. Webster. 2004. Yield components and quality of rice in response to graminaceous weed density and rice stink bug populations. Rice Technical Working Group Meeting. 30:185.
- Williams, B.J., A.B. Burns and D.B. Copes. 2004. Evaluation of Callisto for postemergence control of winter weeds in corn (Zea mays). La. Plant Protection Assoc. and La. Assoc. of Agronomist. March 15-16, p. 79.
- Williams, B.J., A.B. Burns and D.B. Copes. 2004. Evaluation or Clincher tank mixes with selected herbicides for broad spectrum weed control in rice. La. Plant Protection Assoc. and La. Assoc. of Agronomist. March 15-16, pp. 80-81.
- Williams, B.J., A.B. Burns and D.B. Copes. 2004. Evaluation or cyhalofop tank mixes with selected herbicides for broad spectrum weed control in rice. Proc. of South. Weed Sci. Soc. 57:57.
- Williams, B.J., A.B. Burns and D.B. Copes. 2004. Evaluation of DE-638 in drill-seeded rice. Proc. of South. Weed Sci. Soc. 57:260.
- Williams, B.J., A.B. Burns and D.B. Copes. 2004. Evaluation of DE-638 in drill-seeded rice. Rice Technical Working Group Meeting. 30:231.
- Williams, B.J., A.B. Burns and D.B. Copes. 2004. Evaluation of mesotrione for postemergence control of winter weeds in corn (Zea mays). Proc. of Weed Science Soc. of America. 44:10.
- Williams, B.J., D.B. Copes and A.B. Burns. 2004. Effect of imazethapyr rate and timing on barnyardgrass (Enchinochloa crus-galli) control in rice (Oryza sativa). Proc. of Weed Science Soc. of America. 44:260.
- Williams, B.J., D.B. Copes and A.B. Burns. 2004. Evaluation of Newpath tank-mixes with selected herbicides for weed control in Clearfield rice. Rice Technical Working Group Meeting. 30:41.
- Williams, B.J., D.B. Copes and A.B. Burns. 2004. Evaluation of Newpath tank-mixes with selected herbicides for weed control in rice. La. Plant Protection Assoc. and La. Assoc. of Agronomist. March 15-16, p. 82.
- Youmans, D.D., M. Chandler, B. Guice, A. Kendig, M. Kurtz, R. Scott, R. Strahan, E. Webster and B. Williams. 2004. A new herbicide for use in Clearfield rice. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 57:256.
- Copes, D.B., B.J. Williams and A.B. Burns. 2004. Evaluation or imazethapyr tank mixes with selected herbicides for broad spectrum weed control in rice. Proc. of South. Weed Sci. Soc. 57:58.
- Tindall, K.V., M.J. Stout, and B.J. Williams. 2004. Effects of the presence of barnyardgrass on rice water weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and rice stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) populations on rice. Environ. Entomol. 33(3):720-726.
- Tindall, K., M. Stout, B. Williams, B. Castro and E. Webster. 2004. Integrating insect and weed management in rice. Louisiana Agriculture. 47(1):10-11.
- Burns, A.B., B.J. Williams and D.B. Copes. 2004. Evaluation of preemergence applications of halosulfuron in drill-seeded rice. La. Plant Protection Assoc. and La. Assoc. of Agronomist. March 15-16, p. 77.
- Burns, A.B., B.J. Williams and D.B. Copes. 2004. Evaluation of preemergence applications of halosulfuron in drill-seeded rice. Proc. of South. Weed Sci. Soc. 57:59.
- Burns, A.B., B.J. Williams and D.B. Copes. 2004. Effect of Newpath rate and timing on weed control in rice. La. Plant Protection Assoc. and La. Assoc. of Agronomist. March 15-16, p. 76.
- Burns, A.B., B.J. Williams and D.B. Copes. 2004. Effect of Newpath rate and timing on weed control in rice. Rice Technical Working Group Meeting. 30:42.
- Copes, D.B., B.J. Williams and A.B. Burns. 2004. Evaluation of Clicher tank-mixes with selected herbicides for weed control in rice. Rice Technical Working Group Meeting. 30:43.
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