Progress 10/01/10 to 12/31/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Rice growers, consultants, dealers, and extension agents Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Fieldday, expo, extension pamphlets, handout sheets, growers' meeting, industry meetings, and press What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
This program focuses on development of semidwarf long- and medium-grain rice. Disease resistance has been an important part of this project especially for rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.). A major direction of this program has been the incorporation the blast resistance gene Pi-ta in the selected material this has been accomplished using marker assisted selection. Maintaining typical U.S. cooking quality in the long and medium grain rice lines with little to no chalk in the milled grain has also been important. Two advanced medium-grain lines 13AR1021 and 13AR1130 have been developed, and both have an excellent yield potential, good milling, improved disease resistance to rice blast and bacterial panicle blight, and superior grain quality. Two consecutive purifications and increases were conducted in Puerto Rico and Stuttgart for potential variety release purpose in next couple of years. A total of 736 new crosses were made, which included 299 medium-grain, 405 long-grain, and 32 aromatic crosses. The crosses, selections, and advancements will ensure that new and improved rice cultivars will continue to be developed. Lines have been selected from these crosses which have the clear translucent grain that is necessary to maintain the markets in the U.S. About 682 transplanted F1s, 302 space planted F2 populations, and 20,000 progeny rows ranging from F3 to F6 have been grown and selected in the field. Over 300 breeding lines of both long- and medium-grain rice have been tested in the Stuttgart Initial Test (SIT). Of those, 9 elite experimental lines were advanced to the Uniform Regional Rice Nursery in five southern rice producing states and/or Arkansas Rice Performance Trial (ARPT) at six locations across Arkansas. These high quality semidwarf medium- and long-grain rice lines will improve the marketability of U.S. rice. The elite breeding lines created in this project has been, and will continuously be adopted as critical germplasm of all rice types for the further improvement of U.S. rice.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Sha, X., Moldenhauer, K.A.K., Beaty, B.A., Bulloch, J.M., Castaneda-Gonzalez, E., Blocker, M.M., and Wilson Jr., C.E. 2013. Development of superior medium-grain and long-grain rice varieties for Arkansas and Mid-South. p. 70-73. In Norman, R.J. and Moldenhauer, K.A.K. (eds.) B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies 2012. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series 609. Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
J.W. Gibbons, A.M. Stivers, K.A.K. Moldenhauer, F.N. Lee, J.L. Bernhardt, M. Anders, C.E. Wilson Jr., N.A. Slaton, R.J. Norman, J.M. Bulloch, E. Castaneda, and M.M. Blocker. Development of Semidwarf Long- and Medium-Grain Cultivars. p. 49-54. In Norman, R.J. and Moldenhauer, K.A.K. (eds.) B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies 2010. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series 609. Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas.
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The Arkansas Rice Performance Trials and Uniform Regional Rice Nursery are the primary advanced cultivar performance tests. The Arkansas Rice Performance Trials were conducted at six locations during 2012. There were several medium grain lines in the trials in 2012 which performed well and will undergo additional testing in 2013. This program focuses on development of semidwarf long and medium-grain rice. Disease resistance has been an important part of this project especially for rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.). A major direction of this program has been the incorporation the blast resistance gene Pi-ta in the selected material this has been accomplished using marker assisted selection. Maintaining typical U.S. cooking quality in the long and medium grain rice lines with little to no chalk in the milled grain has also been important. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Crosses were made in 2012 to develop new medium grain combinations. The crosses, selections, and advancements will ensure that new medium grain cultivars will continue to be developed. Lines have been selected from these crosses which have the clear translucent grain that is necessary to maintain the markets in the U.S. These high quality semidwarf medium and long grain rice lines will improve the marketability of U.S. rice.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The Arkansas Rice Performance Trials and Uniform Regional Rice Nursery are the primary advanced cultivar performance tests. The Arkansas Rice Performance Trials were conducted at six locations during 2012. The data from these studies are used by Extension faculty to develop recommendations for cultivar selection by growers. The information from these studies was presented at over twenty local eductional meetings for farmers as well as multiple statewide, regional, and national meetings. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Develop semidwarf long and medium grain rice cultivars: Forty-five crosses were made in 2011 to develop new medium grain cultivars. The F2 seed will be planted as Spaced Plant populations in 2012 while the F3 seed will be sent for generation advancement at Puerto Rico in the winter nursery. Samples of seed from each harvested plant also is sent to the Riceland quality lab for grain quality evaluation and selected crosses are being evaluated using MAS for amylose content and blast resistance. The semidwarf Preliminary Yield Trial (PYT) had about 340 entries from 51 crosses in 2010 in addition to a Clearfield PYT planted at Lonoke with 28 entries. The semidwarf Stuttgart Initial Yield Trial (SIT) had 90 entries from 39 crosses. Both these trials were planted at Stuttgart and Pine Tree Pine. Average yields from the PYT at Stuttgart and Pine Tree were 103bu/ac and 118bu/ac, respectively. Average yields from the SIT at Stuttgart and Pine Tree were 104bu/ac and 129bu/ac, respectively. The best yielding lines selected from these experiments will be advanced to the Arkansas Rice Performance Trials (ARPT) and Uniform Rice Regional Nursery (URRN) for 2012. Seven advanced medium grain lines were tested in the URRN. Twenty advanced medium grain lines were also tested in the Arkansas Rice Performance Trials. The data from these trials indicate that a medium grain rice cultivar could be ready for release in the near future. The crosses, selections, and advancements will ensure that new medium grain cultivars will continue to be developed.
Publications
- J.W. Gibbons, A.M. Stivers, K.A.K. Moldenhauer, F.N. Lee, J.L. Bernhardt, M. Anders, C.E. Wilson Jr., N.A. Slaton, R.J. Norman, J.M. Bulloch, E. Castaneda, and M.M. Blocker. 2011. Development of Semidwarf Long- and Medium-Grain Cultivars. Pages 49-54. In. R.J. Norman and K.A.K. Moldenhauer (ed.) B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies 2010. Arkansas Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Ser.591.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Develop semidwarf long and medium grain rice cultivars: Two hundred and twenty eight crosses were made this year of which about 17% were single and the remainder triple or backcrosses.Over 11,794 F1 plants from 191 crosses, and 1053 F2 populations from about 103 crosses were planted resulting in over 1743 F1 plants from 194 crosses (48 medium grain) and 2469 F2 plants from 69 crosses (25 medium grain) selected. The F2 seed will be planted as Spaced Plant populations in 2011 while the F3 seed have been sent for generation advancement at Puerto Rico in the winter nursery. Samples of seed from each harvested plant also is sent to the Riceland quality lab for grain quality evaluation and selected crosses are being evaluated using MAS for amylose content and blast resistance. Selections at Puerto Rico will be made based on results from these evaluations. About 2924 F4 rows were planted this year with over 450 selected. Panicles from these rows were also sent to Puerto Rico. About 65 bulks were made from F4 and F5 rows and selected lines will be tested for quality and pathology in winter and be planted in preliminary yield trials next year. The semidwarf Preliminary Yield Trial (PYT) had about 340 entries from 51 crosses in 2010 in addition to a Clearfield PYT planted at Lonoke with 28 entries. The semidwarf Stuttgart Initial Yield Trial (SIT) had 90 entries from 39 crosses. The large number of crosses in these yield trials is indicative of the diversity of our projects parental material.Both these trials were planted at Stuttgart, Rohwer, Pine Tree Blast nursery, and straighthead evaluation trial. Average yields from the PYT at Stuttgart and Rohwer were 103bu/ac and 118bu/ac, respectively. Average yields from the SIT at Stuttgart and Rohwer were 104bu/ac and 129bu/ac, respectively. The best yielding lines selected from these experiments will be advanced to the Arkansas Rice Performance Trials (ARPT) and Uniform Rice Regional Nursery (URRN) for 2011. The rice core collection of the USDA rice germplasm bank contains approximately 1600 entries. Fourteen accessions from the core were selected in silico for traits such as yield, disease and pest resistance and grain quality for use as parents in the crossing program in 2008 and were selected in the F4 populations of 2010. The parents are from diverse regions of the world including Nigeria, Germany, Philippines, Colombia, Cuba, Cambodia, Argentina, Uzbekistan, Uruguay and China.Over 200 entries from the working collection were evaluated for seed germination tolerance to Pythium seedling disease in 2010 and several lines were identified for further studies and crossing.Molecular Aided Selection: An F3 population consisting of over 4237 individuals was selected with markers in 2010, and this seasons' F3 population of 2469 plants is currently being screened using MAS for Pi-ta, Pi-b, Pi-z and Waxy for selection in Puerto Rico PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Issue: Recent studies have documented a decline in genetic diversity of modern cultivars. For example, the genetic base of Southern U.S. rice was found to be limited to 22 ancestral lines. Lack of genetic variation limits possibilities for breeding advancement especially in biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Continued development of improved rice cultivars is imperative in order to meet changing cultural and marketing conditions in Arkansas. Action: U.S. rice cultivars set the standard for quality in long and medium grain world trade. Arkansas rice producers provide funding to help support research and extension to continue the advances made in sustainable production of top quality Arkansas rice. Cooperation with state, regional, and international rice breeding programs provides a source of new germplasm and data to help in evaluation and enhancement of Arkansas breeding efforts. The incorporation of novel rice germplasm into Arkansas cultivars requires careful characterization of the new introductions. Plant pathology, entomology, cereal chemistry and plant nutrition are taken into account prior to programming crosses. Genetic analysis using molecular marker technology will improve efficiency of gene incorporation. Field evaluation of advanced experimental lines is required prior to release of new cultivars, couples with recommended management practices. At least 7 to 10 years are required to develop and release a new cultivar. Impact: New Arkansas rice cultivars account for about $66 million dollars a year in monetary gain. Semidwarf cultivars are grown on about 40% of Arkansas rice acreage. Locally adapted semidwarf long and medium grain cultivars incorporating novel germplasm can be expected to sustain this impact while helping to minimize producer's costs due to added inputs such as pesticides. Contact: James W. Gibbons, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, CSES, RREC, jgibbon@uark.edu, 870.673.2661. Cooperating Scientists or Institutions: Drs. Karen Moldenhauer, Fleet Lee, John Bernhardt, Merle Anders, Chuck Wilson, Terry Siebenmorgan, Richard Norman from University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture. Wengui Yan and Yulin Jia, Shannon Pinson, and Anna McClung, USDA/ARS. Rice Plant Breeders from Louisiana State University, Mississippi State University, Texas A & M Agriculture Experiment Station, Missouri Experiment Station, and California Rice Research Foundation. Funding Sources: Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Three hundred eight crosses were made this year of which 34% were single and 66% triple crosses. About 20% were medium grain, 12% aromatic and the remainder long grain crosses. Over 5365 F1 plants from 106 crosses and 926 F2 populations from about 66 crosses were planted resulting in over 970 F1 plants from 99 crosses (27 medium grain) and 4237 F2 plants from 57 crosses (17 medium grain) selected. The semidwarf Preliminary Yield Trial (PYT) had about 344 entries from 55 crosses in 2009, and the semidwarf Stuttgart Initial Yield Trial (SIT) had 110 entries from 54 crosses. The large number of crosses in these yield trials is indicative of the diversity of our projects parental material. The best yielding lines selected from these experiments will be advanced to the Arkansas Rice Performance Trials (ARPT) and Uniform Rice Regional Nursery (URRN) for 2010.The Uniform Regional Rice Yield Nursery composed of 200 entries was conducted at Stuttgart in 2009. Average yield was 160bu/ac.The cold tolerance master's thesis of Ms Alisha Stivers was completed in 2009. Stay-green genetics study of Mr. Jerry Morgan will be completed in 2010. This project is one of only a few rice breeding programs in the US or internationally that routinely uses large scale Molecular Aided Selection. This years F3 population of 1900 plants is currently being screened using MAS for Pi-ta, Pi-b, Pi-z and Waxy for selection in Puerto Rico We are also genotyping a working germplasm collection of 333 total accessions with molecular markers linked not only to Pi-ta, Pi-b, and Pi-z, but also Pi-k, Pi-i, Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-33, and Pi-9, in the hopes that new sources of vertical and horizontal resistance will be identified in the goal of obtaining durable blast resistance in improved Arkansas cultivars. PARTICIPANTS: The cold tolerance master's thesis of Ms Alisha Stivers was completed in 2009. Stay-green genetics study of Mr. Jerry Morgan will be completed in 2010. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
ISSUE:Recent studies have documented a decline in genetic diversity of modern cultivars. For example, the genetic base of Southern U.S. rice was found to be limited to 22 ancestral lines. Lack of genetic variation limits possibilities for breeding advancement especially in biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Continued development of improved rice cultivars is imperative in order to meet changing cultural and marketing conditions in Arkansas. Action: U.S. rice cultivars set the standard for quality in long and medium grain world trade. Arkansas rice producers provide funding to help support research and extension to continue the advances made in sustainable production of top quality Arkansas rice. Cooperation with state, regional, and international rice breeding programs provides a source of new germplasm and data to help in evaluation and enhancement of Arkansas breeding efforts. The incorporation of novel rice germplasm into Arkansas cultivars requires careful characterization of the new introductions. Plant pathology, entomology, cereal chemistry and plant nutrition are taken into account prior to programming crosses. Genetic analysis using molecular marker technology will improve efficiency of gene incorporation. Field evaluation of advanced experimental lines is required prior to release of new cultivars, coupled with recommended management practices. At least 7 to 10 years are required to develop and release a new cultivar. Impact: New Arkansas rice cultivars account for about $66 million dollars a year in monetary gain. Semidwarf cultivars are grown on about 40% of Arkansas rice acreage. Locally adapted semidwarf long and medium grain cultivars incorporating novel germplasm can be expected to sustain this impact while helping to minimize producer's costs due to added inputs such as pesticides. Contact:James W. Gibbons, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, CSES, RREC, jgibbon@uark.edu, 870.673.2661. Cooperating Scientists or Institutions: Drs. Karen Moldenhauer, Fleet Lee, John Bernhardt, Merle Anders, Chuck Wilson, Terry Siebenmorgan, Richard Norman from University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture. Wengui Yan and Yulin Jia, Shannon Pinson, and Anna McClung, USDA/ARS. Rice Plant Breeders from Louisiana State University, Mississippi State University, Texas A & M Agriculture Experiment Station, Missouri Experiment Station, and California Rice Research Foundation. Funding Sources:Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board
Publications
- Gu,X-Y., T. Liu, J. Feng, J.C. Suttle and J. Gibbons. 2009. The qSD12 underlying gene promotes abscisic acid accumulation in early developing seeds to induce primary dormancy in rice. Plant Molecular Biology. DOI 10.1007/s11103-009-9555-1.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Over 7100 F1 plants from 91 crosses and 360 F2 populations from about 60 crosses were planted resulting in over 1150 F1 plants and 2180 F2 plants selected. Samples of seed from each harvested plant is sent to the Riceland quality lab for grain quality evaluation and selected crosses are being evaluated using MAS for amylose content and blast resistance. About 2700 F5 rows were planted in 2008. Over 381 field selected lines will be tested for quality and pathology in winter and be planted in preliminary yield trials next year. The semidwarf Preliminary Yield Trial (PYT) had about 385 entries from 66 crosses in 2008, and the semidwarf Stuttgart Initial Yield Trial (SIT) had 100 entries from 34 crosses. The large number of crosses in these yield trials is indicative of the diversity of our projects parental material. Average yields from the PYT at Stuttgart and Rohwer were 173bu/ac and 136bu/ac, respectively. Average yields from the SIT at Stuttgart and Rohwer were 160bu/ac and 155bu/ac, respectively.The best yielding lines selected from these experiments will be advanced to the Arkansas Rice Performance Trials (ARPT) and Uniform Rice Regional Nursery (URRN) for 2009. Average yields for all entries were 146bu/ac, 133bu/ac, and 153bu/ac at Clay Co., Jackson Co. and NE, respectively. This project is one of only a few rice breeding programs in the US or internationally that routinely uses large scale Molecular Aided Selection.Currently the molecular breeding program is focused on rice blast disease resistance and cooking quality. Continuing with the introgression of the dominant blast resistance gene Pi-ta, which confers resistance to those races with the corresponding AVR-pita gene, we are also pyramiding Pi-b and/or Pi-z resistance genes into the new populations. By using molecular markers closely linked to these genes, we are screening F2 and F3 progeny for the presence of the desired resistance genes. An F3 population consisting of over 9100 individuals was selected with markers in 2008, and this years F3 population of 1900 plants is currently being screened using MAS for Pi-ta, Pi-b, Pi-z and Waxy for selection in Puerto Rico.We are also genotyping a working germplasm collection of 333 total accessions with molecular markers linked not only to Pi-ta, Pi-b, and Pi-z, but also Pi-k, Pi-i, Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-33, and Pi-9,in the hopes that new sources of vertical and horizontal resistance will be identified in the goal of obtaining durable blast resistance in improved Arkansas cultivars. Cooking quality markers used in genotyping the collection include RM190 and three SNPs at the Waxy locus to determine potential amylose content; along with markers associated with aroma, elongation, amylopectin, and starch gelatinization temperature. A novel DNA sampling method is close to completion which eliminates the necessity for greenhouse or tissue culture facilities, or viable seed. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Identification of pest resistant rice germplasm lines and germplasm that are being incorporated into the breeding program results in higher yielding diverse cultivars with less environmental impact for Arkansas rice producers. Molecular selection tools have shown to allow more efficient selection of superior quality and resistant progeny from diverse parental combinations.
Publications
- Boyett, V.A., J.W. Gibbons,and K.A.K. Moldenhauer. 2008. Increasing efficiency of a marker-assisted breeding program.In R.J. Norman, J.F. Muellenet and K.A.K. Moldenhauer (eds.) Rice Research Studies 2007. University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Series 560. pp. 38-43.
- Gibbons, J.W., K.A.K. Moldenhauer, F.N. Lee, J.L. Bernhardt, M.M. Anders, N.A. Slaton, R.J. Norman, J.M. Bulloch, E. Castaneda, and A.M. Stivers. 2008. Development of semidwarf long- and medium-grain cultivars. In R.J. Norman, J.F. Muellenet and K.A.K. Moldenhauer (eds.) Rice Research Studies 2007. University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Series 560. pp. 44-49.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
One hundred twelve single and triple crosses were made this year. Over 618 F1 and F2 populations from over 131 single and triple crosses were planted in Stuttgart this year. Over 1900 individual F2 plants were selected for generation advancement at Puerto Rico in the winter nursery. Samples of seed from each harvested plant is sent to the Riceland quality lab for grain quality evaluation and selected crosses are being evaluated using MAS for amylose content and blast resistance. Selections at Puerto Rico will be made based on results from these evaluations. About 7500 F4 and F5 rows from over 199 crosses were planted in 2007. Over 690 field selected lines will be tested for quality and pathology in winter and be planted in preliminary yield trials next year. Panicles from 207 rows were harvested to advance to F5 rows in 2008. The semidwarf Preliminary Yield Trial (PYT) had about 216 entries from 25 crosses in 2007, and the semidwarf Stuttgart Initial Yield Trial (SIT)
had 140 entries from 34 crosses. The large number of crosses in these yield trials is indicative of the diversity of our projects parental material. The ARPT was conducted at 3 locations by my project in 2007 including 2 farmers' field locations. The Uniform Regional Rice Yield Nursery composed of 200 entries was conducted at Stuttgart in 2007. Indica varieties identified by Dr. F. Lee as highly tolerant to blast and sheath blight were used as parents in the crossing program. Fourteen accessions from the core were selected in silico for traits such as yield, disease and pest resistance and grain quality for use as parents in the crossing program in 2007. The parents are from diverse regions of the world. In cooperation with USDA/ARS scientist, Dr. Yan, we are producing a genetic mapping population that is now in F5 generation and will be selfed up to F7 or F8 then screened for straighthead resistance genes. A field study of the "stay green" trait was initiated this year in cooperation
with Dr. Counts. Breeder head rows of four promising lines were planted in 2007 at Stuttgart and the winter nursery at Puerto Rico. This project is one of only a few rice breeding programs in the US or internationally that routinely uses large scale Molecular Aided Selection. Currently the molecular breeding program is focused on rice blast disease resistance and cooking quality. Continuing with the introgression of the dominant blast resistance gene Pi-ta, we are also pyramiding Pi-b and/or Pi-z resistance genes into the new populations. An F3 population consisting of over 9100 individuals was selected with markers in 2007, and this years F3 population of 1900 plants is currently being screened using MAS for Pi-ta, Pi-b, Pi-z and Waxy for selection in Puerto Rico We are also genotyping a working germplasm collection of 333 total accessions with molecular markers linked not only to Pi-ta, Pi-b, and Pi-z, but also Pi-k, Pi-i, Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-33, and Pi-9, in the hopes that new sources
of vertical and horizontal resistance will be identified in the goal of obtaining durable blast resistance in improved Arkansas cultivars.
Impacts
Identification of pest resistant rice germplasm lines and germplasm that are being incorporated into the breeding program results in higher yielding diverse cultivars with less environmental impact for Arkansas rice producers. Molecular selection tools have shown to allow more efficient selection of superior quality and resistant progeny from diverse parental combinations.
Publications
- Gibbons, J.W., K.A.K. Moldenhauer, F.N. Lee, J.L. Bernhardt, M.M. Anders, N.A. Slaton, R.J. Norman, J.N. Rutger, J.M. Bulloch, E. Castaneda, and M.M. Blocker. 2007. Development of semidwarf long- and medium-grain cultivars. In R.J. Norman, J.F. Muellenet and K.A.K. Moldenhauer (eds.) Rice Research Studies 2006. University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Series 550. pp. 84-89.
- Gibbons, J.W. and F.N. Lee. 2007. Practical approaches to increased genetic diversity of temperate rice in Arkansas. Presented at 4th. International temperate rice conference. Novara, Italy. 25-28 June 2007.
- Boyett, V.A., J.W. Gibbons, H.A. Agrama, R.J. Bryant, G.C. Eizenga, and K.A.K. Moldenhauer. 2007. Utilization of trait-linked DNA markers in rice breeding. In R.J. Norman, J.F. Muellenet and K.A.K. Moldenhauer (eds.) Rice Research Studies 2006. University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Series 550. pp. 43-50.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
One hundred twenty single and triple crosses were made this year. Over 1078 F1 and F2 populations from over 270 single and triple crosses were planted in Stuttgart this year. This compares to 450 populations from 240 crosses evaluated in 2005. Over 2000 individual F2 plants were selected for generation advancement at Puerto Rico in the winter nursery. Samples of seed from each harvested plant is sent to the Riceland quality lab for grain quality evaluation and selected crosses are being evaluated using MAS for amylose content and blast resistance. Selections at Puerto Rico will be made based on results from these evaluations. About 5370 F4 and F5 rows from over 85 crosses are planted in 2006. Over 190 field selected lines will be tested for quality and pathology in winter and be planted in preliminary yield trials next year. Panicles from 709 rows were harvested to advance to F5 rows in 2007. The semidwarf Preliminary Yield Trial has about 314 entries from 56 crosses
in 2006. Both trials are planted at Stuttgart, Rohwer, Pine Tree Blast nursery, and straighthead evaluation trial. Average yield from Rohwer was 160 bu/ac. The best yielding lines selected from these experiments will be advanced to the ARPT and URRN for 2006. The Arkansas Rice Performance Trials are conducted at 3 locations by my project in 2006 including 2 farmers' field locations in Jackson and Clay Counties, and at the Northeast Branch Experiment Station at Keiser. Average yields for all entries were 178 bu/ac, 187 bu/ac, and 215 bu/ac at Clay Co., Jackson Co. and NE, respectively. Broaden genetic base: Indica varieties identified by Dr. F. Lee as highly tolerant to blast and sheath blight were used as parents in the crossing program. Breeding lines derived from these lines are in the F4 and F5 generations this year and have shown good blast disease resistance in the field at Pine Tree. Especially encouraging are medium grain crosses that combine blast tolerance and good grain
quality. Another group of medium grain lines show a good level of straighthead tolerance. The recent outbreak of a blast isolate capable of overcoming resistance provided by the Pi-ta resistance gene has highlighted this effort in making available sources of resistance to pathogen variation. The rice core collection of the USDA rice germplasm bank contains approximately 1600 entries. Fourteen accessions from the core were selected in silico for traits such as yield, disease and pest resistance and grain quality for use as parents in the crossing program. The parents are from diverse regions of the world including Nigeria, Germany, Philippines, Colombia, Cuba, Cambodia, Argentina, Uzbekistan, Uruguay and China. In cooperation with USDA/ARS scientist, Dr. Yan, we are producing a genetic mapping population that is now in F5 generation and will be selfed up to F7 or F8 then screened for straighthead resistance genes. The results of a two year milling yield by cultivar by harvest date
study were presented at the RTWG this year. The cold tolerance master's thesis of Ms Alisha Stivers is in its second year and should be completed in 2007.
Impacts
Pest and stress resistant rice cultivars help to reduce input and environmental costs of rice culture. Outcomes from this project result in new resistant cultivars for Arkansas.
Publications
- Gibbons, J.W. K.A.K. Moldenhauer, K.Gravois, F.N. Lee, J.L. Bernhardt, J.-F. Meullenet, R. Bryant, R.J. Norman, R. Cartwright, M. Anders, K. Taylor, J. Bulloch, and M.M. Blocker. 2006. Registration of Medark rice. Crop Sci. 46:2316-2317.
- Gibbons, J.W. K.A.K. Moldenhauer, K.Gravois, F.N. Lee, J.L. Bernhardt, J.-F. Meullenet, R. Bryant, M. Anders, R.J. Norman, R. Cartwright, K. Taylor, J. Bulloch, and M.M. Blocker. 2006. Registration of Cybonnet rice. Crop Sci. 46:2317-2318.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
We released two semi-dwarf Rice Cultivars in 2004. Medark is a medium grain with an improved disease package and grain quality characteristics compared with Bengal the commonly grown medium grain cultivar. Cybonnet is a long grain semi-dwarf with excellent grain quality traits and improved disease package compared to Cocodrie the most popular semi-dwarf grown in Arkansas. Seed producers had both cultivars for multiplication and will sale as registered and certified seed in 2005. Over 450 F1 and F2 populations from over 242 single and triple crosses are planted in Stuttgart this year. Nine hundred and four (185 medium grain) individual plants from 87 crosses were selected and will be planted as F2 space plants in 2006. This compares to about 344 F2 populations planted in 2005. One thousand three hundred sixteen (339 medium grain) F2 plants from 69 crosses were selected and sent to Puerto Rico for advance. About 4400 F4 and F5 rows from over 100 crosses were planted in
2005. Of these, 693 will be advanced to F5 rows, and 423 bulks will be tested for quality and pathology in winter and be planted in preliminary yield trials next year. The semi-dwarf Stuttgart Initial Test and the Preliminary Yield Trial have about 160 entries from 56 crosses in 2005. Entries are planted at Stuttgart, Rohwer, Pine Tree Blast nursery, and in the straighthead evaluation trial. The Rohwer trial this year was compromised due to hurricane Rita, but data were obtained for lodging. The best yielding lines selected from these experiments will be advanced to the ARPT and URRN for 2006. The Arkansas Rice Performance Trials were conducted at 3 locations by my project in 2005 including 2 farmers field locations in Jackson and Clay Counties, and at the Northeast Branch Experiment Station at Keiser. Seven promising lines from 2004 Prelims are planted in the Disease Monitoring Plots in 2005. Results from the yield trials are pending.
Impacts
Pest and stress resistant rice cultivars help to reduce input and environmental costs of rice culture. Outcomes from this project result in new resistant cultivars for Arkansas.
Publications
- Yan, W., R.H. Dilday, T.H. Tai, J.W. Gibbons, R.W. McNew, and J.N. Rutger. 2005. Differential Response of rice germplasm to straighthead induced by arsenic. Crop Sci. 45:1223-1228.
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