Progress 08/01/04 to 07/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Commercial plant germplasm (emphasizing lavender, rosemary, and sage) was evaluated at SORC (Smyrna Outreach & Research Center); survival, growth, and GC/MS of essential oils of cultivars were monitored. The chemistry of potential sources of economically important essential oils was evaluated, resulting in publications on Chamaebatiaria, Chamabatia, Cinnamosma, Hyptis, Kyllinga, Lavandula, Mentha,and Mosiera. The mass spectral database was enlarged to over 7000 spectra for exchange with national and international researchers. Three World Wide Web sites (http://cars.desu.edu/faculty/atucker/, http://www.delaware-herb.org/Welcome.html, http://herbarium.desu.edu/) were maintained and enlarged to aid in the distribution of information generated from research. The Herb Research Center, in conjunction with the Claude E. Phillips Herbarium, routinely dispensed answers to questions about botanical nomenclature, agronomic management, toxicity, and chemistry, and additionally, provided referrals for private industry, government agencies, and farmers around the world. We averaged about 45 questions answered per year for 2004-2008. The Herb Research Center has also routinely dispensed original scientific reprints on all aspects of herbs, further facilitated by the continually revised on-line manual for lavender cultivation and a budget analysis for lavender cultivation in Delaware. Six obscure manuals on agronomic management in Delaware were scanned and also put on-line. Support was maintained and extended for the Delaware Herb Growers and Marketers Association (DHGMA). DHGMA Herb Festivals were held in 2005-2008 with an estimated total attendance of over 2000 people. The P.I. also served on the Board of the Directors of the International Herb Association (IHA) 2004-2008.. A Plant Collections scheme was maintained and expanded under the auspices of the Herb Society of America (HSA) with the ultimate aim of providing authentic germplasm to nurseries and researchers. Forty-four scientific and popular lectures on herb research were given in AZ, DC, DE, IL, IN, MD, GA, MA, NM, PA, VA, WI, and Australia to total audiences estimated to be over 1500 people. Chemical analyses of lavender oil were performed for approximately 50 growers, from DE to WA. Additionally, approximately 30 other oils were analyzed for growers and marketers to confirm identity and detect adulteration. PARTICIPANTS: The PI was Dr. Arthur O. Tucker, Research Professor, Delaware State University. Assistants were Mr. Michael Maciarello, DSU, and Ms. Rebecca Brown, DSU. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audiences were small growers of plants of herbs. We worked closely with Delaware Herb Growers & Marketers Association, International Herb Association, and the Herb Society of America. Lectures, workshops, and publications (including the web) were the primary means of dissemination of information. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
As a result of the activities listed under Outputs, herb growers have written or spoken to us to confirm the use of new agronomic techniques promoted in this research. In particular, herb growers are now routinely selecting light colored, well-drained soils or using light-colored, granular mulches (sand, gravel, oyster shells, etc.) instead of organic or dark-colored mulches around sub-shrubs of the Mediterranean (e.g., lavender, sage, rosemary, thyme). Also, herb growers are using suggestions generated by this research for marketing, packaging, agritourism, etc. As a result of our chemical analyses of lavender oils, growers are now attempting to obtain authentic germplasm. This was amply demonstrated by growers and marketers when presentations were made at DHGMA (meets four times per year), the 3rd Annual Southwest Lavender Conference (Pojoaque, NM, July 2007), 2nd Annual World Lavender Conference (Mittagong, Sydney, Australia October 2005), University of Illinois Extension Herb Day (Urbana, IL, January 2007), Indiana Horticultural Congress (Indianapolis, IN, January 2007), and at meetings of the Herb Society of America (Atlanta, GA, June 2005; Indianapolis, IN, June 2006; Scottsdale, AS, May 2007; Boston, MA, June 2008) International Herb Association (New Glarus, WI, July 2007; Gettysburg, PA, July 2008). We estimate that we have directly impacted about a hundred growers and marketers across the U.S.
Publications
- Tucker, A. O., M. J. Maciarello, and C. T. Bryson. 2006. The essential oil of Kyllinga odorata Vahl (Cyperaceae) from Mississippi. J. Essential Oil Res. 18:381-382.
- Tucker, A. O. 2007. The poets marigold, Calendula officinalis. Pages 53-57 in Proceedings of Herbs 07, International Herb Association, New Glarus, Wisconsin.
- Tucker, A. O., M. J. Maciarello, R. Brown, and M. Griffeth. 2008. A commercial essential oil of mandravasarotra (Cinnamosma fragrans Baill., Canellaceae) from Madagascar. J. Essential Oil Res. 20:259-260.
- Tucker, A. O. 2008. Bay laurel. Pages 15-19 in Proceedings of Herbs 08, International Herb Asociation, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
- Tucker, A. O. 2008. Lavender, spike and lavandin. Herbarist 74:40-43.
- Tucker, A. O. 2008. Native American herbs of flavor & fragrance. Herbarist 74:99-103.
- Lawrence, B.., and A. Tucker. 2004. Essential oil production and other commercial uses. Pages 78-86 in T. Upson and S. Andrews, The genus Lavandula. Roy. Bot. Gard., Kew, Richmond.
- Tucker, A. O., M. J. Maciarello, J. Henrickson, and J. Davis. 2004. The essential oils of Chamaebatiaria millefolium, Chamaebatia australis, and Chamaebatia foliolosa (Rosaceae) and comments of Chamaebatiaria multiflorum and Chamaebatiaria nelleae as medicinal plants. Econ. Bot. 57:570-575.
- Tucker, A. O., M. J. Maciarello, and T. A. Zanoni. 2004. Volatile oil of flowering branches of Nashia inaguensis Millsp. (Verbenaceae) of the Bahamas. J. Essential Oil Res. 16:120-121.
- Tucker, A. O., M. J. Maciarello, and L. R. Landrum. 2005. The essential oil of desert-lavender, Hyptis emoryi Torrey (Lamiaceae), from Arizona. J. Essential Oil Res. 17:223-224.
- Vining, K. J., Q. Zhang, A. O. Tucker, C. Smith, and T. M. Davis. 2005. Mentha longifolia (L.) L.: A model species for mint genetic research. HortScience 40:1225-1229.
- Tucker, A. O., M. J. Maciarello, and L. R. Landrum. 2005. The essential oil of Mojave Desert rue, Thamnosma montana Torr. et Frem. (Rutaceae ) from Arizona. J. Essential Oil Res. 17:366-367.
- Tucker, A. O. 2005. When good herbs go bad. Herbarist 71:53-56.
- Tucker, A. O. 2005. The myth of the Colonial herb garden. Magnolia 20(2):14-19.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
Commercial plant germplasm (emphasizing lavender, rosemary, and sage) continued to be evaluated at SORC (Smyrna Outreach & Research Center); survival, growth, and GC/MS of essential oils of cultivars were monitored. The mass spectral database was enlarged to over 7000 spectra for exchange with national and international researchers. Three World Wide Web sites (http://cars.desu.edu/faculty/atucker/, http://www.delaware-herb.org/Welcome.html, http://herbarium.desu.edu/) were maintained and enlarged to aid in the distribution of information generated from research. The Herb Research Center, in conjunction with the Claude E. Phillips Herbarium, routinely dispensed answers to questions about botanical nomenclature, agronomic management, toxicity, and chemistry, and additionally, provided referrals for private industry, government agencies, and farmers around the world. The Herb Research Center has also routinely dispensed original scientific reprints on all aspects of herbs,
further facilitated by the continually revised on-line manual for lavender cultivation and a budget analysis for lavender cultivation in Delaware. Six obscure manuals on agronomic management in Delaware were scanned and also put on-line. Support was maintained and extended for the Delaware3 Herb Growers and Marketers Association (DHGMA). The P.I. also served on the Board of the Directors of the International Herb Association (IHA). A Plant Collections scheme was maintained and expanded under the auspices of the Herb Society of America (HSA) with the ultimate aim of providing authentic germplasm to nurseries and researchers. Progress after September 28 was severely curtailed by a Reduction In Force with the loss of the assistant.
Impacts
The new farm facilities at Smyrna, DE have finally allowed us to fully develop a publicly accessible demonstration area to show: (1) selection of proper germplasm, (2) agronomic management, and (3) harvesting and processing of materials in preparation for sale. Increased dissemination of information is projected via demonstrations, brochures, fliers, and web-based manuals.
Publications
- Tucker, A. O., and R. F. C. Naczi. 2007. Mentha: An overview of its classification and relationships. Pages 1-39 in B. M. Lawrence, ed. Mint: The genus Mentha. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
- Tucker, A. O. 2007., Mentha: Economic uses. Pages 519-527 in B. M. Lawrence, ed. Mint: The genus Mentha. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
- Tucker, A. O., M. J. Maciarello, A. Salywon, and L. R. Landrum. 2007. The essential oil of Mosiera ehrenbergii (O. Berg) Landrum (Myrtaceae) originally from Mexico and M. longipes (O. Berg) Small from Florida. J. Essential Oil Res. 19:1-2.
- Tucker, A. O. 2007. The Case of the Poison Pesto. Delaware State News July 1, 2007:13.
- Tucker, A. O. 2007. Thinking outside the box with herbs. Pages 24-31 in Proceedings of Herbs '07, International Herb Association, New Glarus, Wisconsin.
- Tucker, A. O. 2007. The poet's marigold, Calendula officinalis. Pages 53-57 in Proceedings of Herbs '07, International Herb Association, New Glarus, Wisconsin.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Commercial plant germplasm (emphasizing lavender, rosemary, and sage) were evaluated at the new farm facilities in Smyrna, DE; survival, growth, and GC/MS of essential oils were monitored. The Mass spectral Database was enlarged, with almost a hundred new spectra (for a total of 6906) for exchange with international researchers. Three World Wide Web Sites (http://www.delaware-herb.org/Welcome.html, http://cars.desu.edu/faculty/atucker/, http://herbarium.desu.edu/) were maintained and enlarged to aid in the distribution of information generated from research. The Herb Research Center, in conjunction with the Claude E. Phillips herbarium, routinely dispensed answers to question about botanical nomenclature, agronomic management, toxicity, and chemistry, and, additionally, provided referrals for private industry, governmental agencies, and farmers around the world. The Herb Research Center has also routinely dispensed original scientific reprints on all aspects of herbs,
further facilitated by the on-line publication of a manual for lavender cultivation (http://cars.desu.edu/FACULTY/ATUCKER/lavman/Lavender_Production/Cove r.html) and a budget analysis for lavender cultivation in Delaware (http://cars.desu.edu/faculty/atucker/lavbudget/). Six obscure manuals on agronomic management of herbs were scanned and put on-line (http://cars.desu.edu/faculty/atucker/page5/page5.html). Support was maintained and extended for the Delaware Herb Growers and Marketers Association (DHGMA). The P.I. also served on the Board of Directors oft eh International Herb Association. A Plant Collections scheme was maintained and expanded under the auspices of the Herb Society of America with the aim of providing authentic germplasm to nurseries and researchers.
Impacts
The new farm facilities at Smyrna, DE have finally allowed us to fully develop a publicly accessible demonstration area to show: (1) selection of proper germplasm, (2) agronomic management, and (3) harvesting and processing of materials in preparation for sale. Increased dissemination of information is projected via demonstrations, brochures, fliers, and web-based manuals.
Publications
- Tucker, A. O., M. J. Maciarello, and C. T. Bryson. 2006. The essential oil of Kyllinga odorata Vahl (Cyperaceae) from Mississippi. J. Essential Oil Res. 18:381-382.
- Tucker, A. O. 2005. The myth of the Colonial herb garden. Magnolia 20(2):14-19.
- Tucker, A. O. 2006. The essential oil chemistry of scented geraniums, Pages 55-59 in C. E. Voigt, ed. Herb of the Year 2006: Scented geraniums. Intern. Herb Assoc., Jacksonville, FL.
- Tucker, A. O. 2006. Scented-leaf geranium recipes. Pages 35-41 in C. E. Voigt, ed. Herb of the Year 2006: Scented geraniums. Intern. Herb Assoc., Jacksonville, FL.
- Tucker, A. O., and M. J. Maciarello. 2006. Identification and chemistry of commercial incense copals, copal blanco, copal oro, and copal negro of North America. Page 140 in Program & Abstracts, Association of Research Directors, 14th Biennial Research Symposium, April 1-April 4, 2006, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Planting of plant materials was a priority in preparation for establishment of future public demonstration in our new farm near Smyrna, DE. The Mass Spectral Database was enlarged with several hundred new spectra (for a new total of 6831) for exchange with international researchers. Three World Wide Web Sites (http://www.delaware-herb.org/, http://cars.desu.edu/faculty/atucker/, and http://herbarium.desu.edu/) were further developed and maintained to aid in the distribution of information generated from research. The Herb Research Center, in conjunction with the Claude E. Phillips Herbarium routinely dispensed answers to questions about botanical nomenclature, agronomic management, toxicity, and chemistry, and, additionally, provided referrals for private industry, governmental agencies, and farmers around the world. The Herb Research Center has also routinely dispensed original scientific reprints on all aspects of herbs, further facilitated by the on-line
publication of a manual for lavender cultivation (http://cars.desu.edu/faculty/atucker/lavman/index.html). Support was maintained and extended for Delaware Herb Growers and Marketers Association (DHGMA). The P.I. also served on the Board of Directors of the International Herb Association. A Plant Collections scheme was started and enhanced under the auspices of The Herb Society of America with the aim of providing authentic germplasm to nurseries and researchers.
Impacts
The new farm facilities at Smyrna, DE will finally allow us to fully develop a publicly accessible demonstration area to show: (1) selection of proper germplasm, (2) agronomic management, and (3) harvesting and processing of materials in preparation for sale. Increased dissemination of information is projected via demonstrations, brochures, fliers, and web-based manuals.
Publications
- Tucker, A. O., M. J. Maciarello, and L. R. Landrum. 2005. The essential oil of desert-lavender, Hyptis emoryi Torrey (Lamiaceae), from Arizona. J. Essential Oil Res. 17:223-224.
- Vining, K. J., Q. Zhang, A. O. Tucker, C. Smith, and T. M. Davis. 2005. Mentha longifolia (L.) L.: A model species for mint genetic research. HortScience 40:1225-1229.
- Tucker, A. O., M. J. Maciarello, and L. R. Landrum. 2005. The essential oil of Mojave Desert rue, Thamnosma montana Torr. et Frem. (Rutaceae ) from Arizona. J. Essential Oil Res. 17:366-367.
- Tucker, A. O. 2005. Some of the best plants for homemade potpourri. Lavender Australia 7(2):10-12.
- Tucker, A. O. 2005. Identification of potpourri ingredients in the U.S. market. Herb Soc. Amer. Newsl. 9(2):4.
- Tucker, A. O. 2005. Identification of potpourri ingredients on the U.S. market. DHGMA Newsl. 28:3.
- Tucker, A. O. 2005. What is the scientific name of the rose geranium? Herbarist 71:11-12.
- Tucker, A. O. 2005. When good herbs go bad. Herbarist 71:53-56.
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