Progress 03/01/07 to 02/28/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Over the past year, more than 30 field research studies were conducted over eastern Washington and northern Idaho. These studies evaluated the effectiveness of herbicides or other weed management tools in cereal cropping systems. A series of these experiments was carried out for the research thesis project of Dr. Dilpreet Singh Riar, who completed his doctorate degree in December of last year with Yenish as his major advisor. An additional series of studies was part of the research of Jonquil Rood, who completed her M.S. degree at the University of Idaho this past summer. Publications from those theses projects will be completed during 2010. Additionally, the research of Dr. Riar, Ms. Rood, and other projects will be used to alter herbicide labels and other pest management and cereal production systems currently practiced. The research of Dr. Riar has also resulted in a patent application. This patent involves the discovery and characterization of growth regulator herbicide resistance in Lactuca serriola. The patent was based on the potential to use this discovery in domesticated lettuce production. Research results from these studies were shared with clients through a series of field days, extension presentations, extension bulletins, popular press articles, and other media. An estimated 3,000 individuals were directly contacted at field days and extension meetings over the past year. Over 100,000 individuals were contacted through popular press articles published mainly in Wheat Life and the Lewiston Morning Tribune. PARTICIPANTS: Jonquil Rood, graduate student University of Idaho; Donn Thill, professor, University of Idaho, and co-PI of Ms. Rood's thesis project and major advisor of her thesis project; Dan Ball, professor, Oregon State University, and co-PI of grants for Ms. Rood's and Dr. Riar's theses projects, advisor for both students; Dr. Dilpreet Riar, Research Associate, Washington State University, graduate student, degree awarded December 2009; Ian Burke, assistant professor, Washington State University: Coordinated a portion of Dr. Riar's research and served on his committee; Washington Wheat Commission. Provided partial funding for certain projects; USA Dry Pea, Lentil and Chickpea Council provided partial funding and cooperated in documentation of pesticide information for emergency herbicide label support. TARGET AUDIENCES: Farmers and others who work with herbicides were the target audience. Additional audiences included those regulating pesticides and other environmental concerns (mainly airborne dust). PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The information generated in this project was used by our clients to improve weed management, reduce pesticide use, and use pesticide products safely. The research of Ms. Jonquil Rood will likely result in an adjustment to a herbicide label which will lessen the likelihood of damage to rotational crops. The research of Dr. Riar will result in more efficient, less dust producing methods of summer fallow which will help improve air quality in the region. Research resulting in additional pesticide labels will improve weed management in the area. Yield increases due to improved weed management will amount to about 5% of the annual crop production of the area. More directly, a previous discovery from this project of a herbicide effective against a difficult to control weed resulted in an exempt emergence label. This past year the product was used on 55,000 acres as documented in the exempt label (Sec. 18) report. Requirements of the label exemption, crop prices, crop yields, and acre use resulted in an additional $5 million in crop production. In summary, outcomes\impacts from this project included the economic returns of greater crop yield; improved environment through reduced pesticide use and dust emissions from fallow practices; and improved health through the use of safer herbicides and greater safety of herbicide applications in general.
Publications
- Williams, M.W., W.J.Johnston, C.T.Golob, J.Yenish, and E.D.Miltner. 2009. Glasshouse evaluation of pre-plant and at planting applications of mesotrione on perennial ryegrass and chewings fescue. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 11:1237-1245.
- Burke, I. C., J. P. Yenish, D. Pittmann, and R. S. Gallagher. 2009. Resistance of a Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca serriola) Biotype to 2,4-D. Weed Technol. 23:586-591
- Newcombe, G., R. Gaylord, J. P. Yenish, J. Mastrogiuseppe, and F. Dugan. 2009. New Records for Phytogenic Fungi on Weedy or Non-Indigenous Plants. North Am. Fungi. 4:1-12.
- Baley, J. G., K. G. Campbell, J. Yenish, K. K. Kidwell, and T. C. Paulitz. 2009. Influence of Glyphosate, Crop Volunteer and Root Pathogens on Glyphosate-Resistant Wheat under Controlled Environment Conditions. Pest Manag. Sci. 65:288-299.
- Thorne, M. E., F. L. Young, and J. P. Yenish. 2007. Cropping systems alter weed seed banks in Pacific Northwest semi-arid wheat region. Crop Protect. 26:1121-1134.
- Extension Bulletin Yenish, J. P., D. A. Ball, and R. Schirman. 2009. Integrated Management of Jointed Goatgrass in the Pacific Northwest. EB2042. 16pp.
- Young, F. L., J. P. Yenish, G. K. Launchbaugh, L. L. McGrew, and J. R. Alldredge. 2008. Postharvest control of Russian thistle with a reduced herbicide applicator in the Pacific Northwest. Weed Technol. 22:156-159.
|
Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Over 30 weed management studies were conducted annually in eastern Washington over the past several years. Results for control, crop injury, and crop yield from these past years' studies were consolidated and presented at grower meetings during the 2008 extension season. In 2008, a long-term research project was initiated to annually evaluate all grass herbicides labeled for use in wheat at Lind, Pullman, and Davenport locations. Additional outputs included over 10 presentations made at grower meetings and field days along with publication of two years' worth of small plot research on grass weed control in wheat. PARTICIPANTS: I. C. Burke, F. L. Young provided expertise for systems research, genetics, and resistance. R. Rood and J. Nelson provided technical field assistance. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audience includes wheat growers of eastern Washington. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No significant modifications necessary at this point. The project will terminate in 2010.
Impacts
Growers have used the information generated and reported to improve weed control or reduce weed control inputs. Cost savings or added value equals 1% of the value of agronomic crop or in excess of $10 million for the state. Over 1500 hours of pesticide recertification training were presented. On average this allowed 100 individuals to maintain their licenses. Assuming a value of $ 5000 per licensed applicator, the value of this program was $500,000. Additionally, the value of preventing a single event of misuse of pesticide is approximately $10,000. Assuming 50 incidents of environmental contamination due to misapplication were prevented provides an additional value of $500,000 for a total of approximately $1 million
Publications
- Jemmett, E. D., D. C. Thill, T. A. Rauch, D. A. Ball, S. M. Frost, L. H. Bennett, J. P. Yenish, and R. J. Rood. 2008. Rattail Fescue (Vulpia myuros) Control in Chemical-Fallow Cropping Systems. Weed Technol. 22:435-441).
- Yenish, J. P., R. Rood, and J. Nelson. 2008. 2006 eastern Washington weed control report. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Tech. Rep. 06-1, 98pp.
- Yenish, J. P., R. Rood, and J. Nelson. 2008. 2005 eastern Washington weed control report. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Tech. Rep. 06-1, 91pp.
- Rood, J. R., T. A. Rauch, D. C. Thill, B. Shafii, R. J. Rood, J. P. Yenish, D. A. Ball, and L. Bennett. 2008. Tillage affects imazamox carryover in yellow mustard. 2008. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci., p.128-130.
- Rood, J. R., T. A. Rauch, D. C. Thill, B. Shafii, R. J. Rood, J. P. Yenish, D. A. Ball, and L. Bennett. 2008. Tillage affects imazamox persistence in soil (Year 2). 2008. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci., p.131-134.
- Peachey, E., D. A. Ball, M. Corp, J. DeFrancesco, A. Hulting, D. Kaufman, L. Long, C. Mallory-Smith, M. Newton, E. M. Coombs, J. Andreas, C. Daniels, T. Miller, R. Parker, K. Patten, G. Piper, G. Stahnke, J. P. Yenish, P. Hutchinson, R. Hirnyck, D. Morishita, M. Schwarzlaender, D. Thill, and L. Wilson. 2008. Pacific Northwest Weed Control Handbook. MISC0049, 464pp.
- Scheinost, P., M. Stannard, T. Prather, J. Yenish. 2008. Ventenata. EB2038E, 2pp.
|
Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
Over 30 weed management studies were conducted in eastern Washington in each of the past 4 years. Grass species include downy brome (Bromus tectorum), jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrical), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and rattail fescue (Vulpia myroides). These studies have determined various methods to culturally, mechanically, or chemically manage winter annual grass weeds. The research was conducted in all major crops and several alternative crops for the area. Data from these studies were used to support several labels or label exemptions which allowed the use of herbicides in crop and noncrop areas of eastern Washington. Much of the research was done under direct seed systems and many of the herbicide practices, including optimal application timing of preemergence herbicides, have been adopted by direct seed farmers. While direct seed systems provide both environmental and economic benefits, weeds are a primary reason stated for lack of adoption.
Improved chemical, cultural, and integrated control of weeds is needed to ensure the success of direct seed systems. Research has been initiated on optimum rates and timings of sequential nonselective herbicide application for direct seed systems. Much of the weed control research arose from collaboration with other Washington State University (WSU), University of Idaho, Oregon State University and USDA-ARS scientists where improvements were needed in general weed control or for specific crops or weed species in order to meet the overall goals of collaborative research. Although greater than 75% of these studies involved using herbicides as the primary management tool, much research was done evaluating weed ecology biology and the potential to integrate crop management tools into production systems. Weed ecology and biology studies, while fewer in number, represented roughly an equal amount of time and resource expenditure as herbicide studies due to their more involved nature.
Benefits of research in weed biology, ecology, and integrated management systems include reduced pesticide use, increased yield, increased crop quality, and overall better use of production resources. Specific discoveries in the area of weed ecology and biology include determining the benefits of increased seeding rates and the use of taller wheat varieties to minimize the impact of jointed goatgrass. Another significant study was to quantify and characterize seed production of spring emerging jointed goatgrass, a species largely considered to be winter annual in biology. More effective use of spring crops to manage jointed goatgrass in crop rotations will result from this research.
Impacts
With the recent introduction of the Clearfield/Beyond herbicide resistant crop weed control system, information from a nonbiased source was necessary for growers to optimally integrate the system into their production. The use of this system is the only method to selectively control jointed goatgrass in PNW winter wheat. Reports indicate that there were 300,000 acres of Clearfield winter wheat planted in Washington in the fall of 2006. While it is not the position of WSU to interfere with free enterprise in the release of such a program, it is in the best interest of the grower and the manufacturer that products are correctly integrated into production systems. Moreover, it is important that the grower understand all current and future implications of a herbicide product or system to the future of their farming operation. The implications include, but are not limited to herbicide persistence, variety selection, and herbicide resistance. Additionally, management of
ACCase (group 1) herbicide resistant Italian ryegrass was addressed. Programs researched the use of alternative herbicide mode of action and combinations of mode of action for the resistant biotypes. A section 18 label exemption was supported for Axiom herbicide in 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006 with the exemption being granted in each of those years. Information on annual grass management, Clearfield wheat, and resistance management was presented to growers at over 40 presentations in eastern Washington from 2003 through 2006.
Publications
- Ball, D., S.Frost, L.H.Bennett, D.C.Thill, T.Rauch, E.Jemmett, C.Mallory Smith, C.Cole, J.Yenish, and R.Rood. 2007. Control of rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros) in winter wheat. Weed Science. 21:583-590.
- Thorne, M., F.L.Young, and J.Yenish. 2007. Cropping systems alter weed seed banks in Pacific Northwest semi-arid wheat region. Crop Protection. 21:583-590.
|
Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Over 30 weed management studies were conducted in eastern Washington in each of the past 4 years. Grass species include downy brome (Bromus tectorum), jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrical), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and rattail fescue (Vulpia myroides). These studies have determined various methods to culturally, mechanically, or chemically manage winter annual grass weeds. The research was conducted in all major crops and several alternative crops for the area. Data from these studies were used to support several labels or label exemptions which allowed the use of herbicides in crop and noncrop areas of eastern Washington. Much of the research was done under direct seed systems and many of the herbicide practices, including optimal application timing of preemergence herbicides, have been adopted by direct seed farmers. While direct seed systems provide both environmental and economic benefits, weeds are a primary reason state for lack of adoption.
Improved chemical, cultural, and integrated control of weeds is needed to ensure the success of direct seed systems. Research has been initiated on optimum rates and timings of sequential nonselective herbicide application for direct seed systems. Much of the weed control research arose from collaboration with other Washington State University, University of Idaho, Oregon State University and USDA-ARS scientists where improvements were needed in general weed control or for specific crops or weed species in order to meet the overall goals of collaborative research. Although greater than 75% of these studies involved using herbicides as the primary management tool, much research was done evaluating weed ecology biology and the potential to integrate crop management tools into production systems. Weed ecology and biology studies, while fewer in number, represented roughly an equal amount of time and resource expenditure as herbicide studies due to their more involved nature. Benefits of
research in weed biology, ecology, and integrated management systems include reduced pesticide use, increased yield, increased crop quality, and overall better use of production resources. Specific discoveries in the area of weed ecology and biology include determining the benefits of increased seeding rates and the use of taller wheat varieties to minimize the impact of jointed goatgrass. Another significant study was to quantify and characterize seed production of spring emerging jointed goatgrass, a species largely considered to be winter annual in biology. More effective use of spring crops to manage jointed goatgrass in crop rotations will result from this research.
Impacts
With the recent introduction of the Clearfield/Beyond herbicide resistant crop weed control system, information from a nonbiased source was necessary for growers to optimally integrate the system into their production. The use of this system is the only method to selectively control jointed goatgrass in PNW winter wheat. Reports indicate that there were 300,000 acres of Clearfield winter wheat planted in Washington in the fall of 2006. While it is not the position of Washington State University to interfere with free enterprise in the release of such a program, it is in the best interest of the grower and the manufacturer that products are correctly integrated into production systems. Moreover, it is important that the grower understand all current and future implications of a herbicide product or system to the future of their farming operation. The implications include, but are not limited to herbicide persistence, variety selection, and herbicide resistance.
Additionally, management of ACCase (group 1) herbicide resistant Italian ryegrass was addressed. Programs researched the use of alternative herbicide mode of action and combinations of mode of action for the resistant biotypes. A section 18 label exemption was supported for Axiom herbicide in 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006 with the exemption being granted in each of those years. Information on annual grass management, Clearfield wheat, and resistance management was presented to growers at over 40 presentations in eastern Washington from 2003 through 2006.
Publications
- William, R. D., A. G. Dailey, D. A. Ball, J. Colquhoun, T. L. Miller, R. Parker, J. P. Yenish, T. W. Miller, D. W. Morishita, and P. J. S. Hutchinson. 2006 Pacific Northwest Weed Control Handbook. MISC0049, 412pp.
- Steiner, C. M., G. Newberry, R. Boydston, J. Yenish, and R. Thornton. 2005. Volunteer Potato Management in the Pacific Northwest Rotational Crops. EB1993, 12pp.
- White, A. D., D. J. Lyon, C. Mallory-Smith, C. R. Medlin, and J. P. Yenish. 2006. Feral Rye (Secale cereale) in Agricultural Production Systems. Weed Technol. (20:815-823).
- Scarnecchia, L. S., F. L. Young, and J. P. Yenish. 2006. Weed Dynamics in No-till Facultative Wheat Produced in the Pacific Northwest. Proc. West. Soc. of Weed Sci. 59:78.
- Rauch, T., E. Jemmett, D. Thill, D. Ball, L. Bennett, S. Frost, C. Mallory-Smith, C. Cole, J. Yenish, and R. Rood. 2006. Rattail Fescue Control in Imazamox-Tolerant Winter Wheat in 2005. Proc. West. Soc. of Weed Sci. 59:31.
- Jemmett, E., T. Rauch, D. Thill, D. Ball, S. Frost, L. Bennett, J. Yenish and R. Rood. 2006. Rattail Fescue Control with Glyphosate in Chemical Fallow. Proc. West. Soc. of Weed Sci. 59:29.
- Ball, D. A., S. A. Frost, L. H. Bennett, T. A. Rauch, E. Jammett, D. C. Thill, J. P. Yenish, and R. J. Rood. 2005. Management of rattail fescue in chemical fallow. Proc. West. Soc. of Weed Sci. 58:21.
- Tonks, D. J. and J. P. Yenish. 2005. Evaluating soil residual herbicides for weed control in chemical fallow. Proc. West. Soc. of Weed Sci. 58:45.
- Campbell, J. M., D. C. Thill, R. Stougaard, D. Ball, and J. Yenish. 2004. Preplant applied graminicide effects on wheat and barley. Proc. West. Soc. of Weed Sci. 57:19.
|
Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Progress: Over 30 weed management studies were conducted in eastern Washington in each of the past 4 years. Grass species include downy brome (Bromus tectorum), jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrical), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and rattail fescue (Vulpia myroides). These studies have determined various methods to culturally, mechanically, or chemically manage winter annual grass weeds. The research was conducted in all major crops and several alternative crops for the area. Data from these studies were used to support several labels or label exemptions which allowed the use of herbicides in crop and noncrop areas of eastern Washington. Much of the research was done under direct seed systems and many of the herbicide practices, including optimal application timing of preemergence herbicides, have been adopted by direct seed farmers. While direct seed systems provide both environmental and economic benefits, weeds are a primary reason state for lack of
adoption. Improved chemical, cultural, and integrated control of weeds is needed to ensure the success of direct seed systems. Research has been initiated on optimum rates and timings of sequential nonselective herbicide application for direct seed systems. Much of the weed control research arose from collaboration with other Washington State University, University of Idaho, Oregon State University and USDA-ARS scientists where improvements were needed in general weed control or for specific crops or weed species in order to meet the overall goals of collaborative research. Although greater than 75% of these studies involved using herbicides as the primary management tool, much research was done evaluating weed ecology biology and the potential to integrate crop management tools into production systems. Weed ecology and biology studies, while fewer in number, represented roughly an equal amount of time and resource expenditure as herbicide studies due to their more involved nature.
Benefits of research in weed biology, ecology, and integrated management systems include reduced pesticide use, increased yield, increased crop quality, and overall better use of production resources. Specific discoveries in the area of weed ecology and biology include determining the benefits of increased seeding rates and the use of taller wheat varieties to minimize the impact of jointed goatgrass. Another significant study was to quantify and characterize seed production of spring emerging jointed goatgrass, a species largely considered to be winter annual in biology. More effective use of spring crops to manage jointed goatgrass in crop rotations will result from this research.
Impacts
Impact: With the recent introduction of the Clearfield/Beyond herbicide resistant crop weed control system, information from a nonbiased source was necessary for growers to optimally integrate the system into their production. The use of this system is the only method to selectively control jointed goatgrass in PNW winter wheat. Reports indicate that there were 300,000 acres of Clearfield winter wheat planted in Washington in the fall of 2004. While it is not the position of WSU to interfere with free enterprise in the release of such a program, it is in the best interest of the grower and the manufacturer that products are correctly integrated into production systems. Moreover, it is important that the grower understand all current and future implications of a herbicide product or system to the future of their farming operation. The implications include, but are not limited to herbicide persistence, variety selection, and herbicide resistance. Additionally,
management of ACCase (group 1) herbicide resistant Italian ryegrass was addressed. Programs researched the use of alternative herbicide mode of action and combinations of mode of action for the resistant biotypes. A section 18 label exemption was supported for Axiom herbicide in 2003, 2004, and 2005 with the exemption being granted in 2003. Information on winter annual grass management, Clearfield wheat, and resistance management was presented to growers at over 40 presentations in eastern Washington from 2003 through 2005.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
|
Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Over 20 weed management studies were conducted in eastern Washington the past 4 years. Grass species include downy brome (Bromus tectorum), jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrical), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and rattail fescue (Vulpia myroides). These studies have determined various methods to culturally, mechanically, or chemically manage winter annual grass weeds. The research was conducted in all major crops and several alternative crops for the area. Data from these studies were used to support several labels or label exemptions which allowed the use of herbicides in crop and noncrop areas of eastern Washington. Much of the research was done under direct seed systems and many of the herbicide practices, including optimal application timing of preemergence herbicides, have been adopted by direct seed farmers. While direct seed systems provide both environmental and economic benefits, weeds are a primary reason state for lack of adoption. Improved
chemical, cultural, and integrated control of weeds is needed to ensure the success of direct seed systems. Research has been initiated on optimum rates and timings of sequential nonselective herbicide application for direct seed systems. Much of the weed control research arose from collaboration with other Washington State University, University of Idaho, Oregon State University and USDA-ARS scientists where improvements were needed in general weed control or for specific crops or weed species in order to meet the overall goals of collaborative research. Although greater than 75% of these studies involved using herbicides as the primary management tool, much research was done evaluating weed ecology biology and the potential to integrate crop management tools into production systems. Weed ecology and biology studies, while fewer in number, represent roughly an equal amount of time and resource expenditure as herbicide studies due to their more involved nature. Benefits of research in
weed biology, ecology, and integrated management systems include reduced pesticide use, increased yield, increased crop quality, and overall better use of production resources. Specific discoveries in the area of weed ecology and biology include determining the benefits of increased seeding rates and the use of taller wheat varieties to minimize the impact of jointed goatgrass. Another significant study was to quantify and characterize seed production of spring emerging jointed goatgrass, a species largely considered to be winter annual in biology. More effective use of spring crops to manage jointed goatgrass in crop rotations will result from this research.
Impacts
With the recent introduction of the Clearfield/Beyond herbicide resistant crop weed control system, information from a nonbiased source was necessary for growers to optimally integrate the system into their production. The use of this system is the only method to selectively control jointed goatgrass in PNW winter wheat. Reports indicate that there were 300,000 acres of Clearfield winter wheat planted in Washington in the fall of 2004. While it is not the position of WSU to interfere with free enterprise in the release of such a program, it is in the best interest of the grower and the manufacturer that products are correctly integrated into production systems. Moreover, it is important that the grower understand all current and future implications of a herbicide product or system to the future of their farming operation. The implications include, but are not limited to herbicide persistence, variety selection, and herbicide resistance. Additionally, management of
ACCase (group 1) herbicide resistant Italian ryegrass was addressed. Programs researched the use of alternative herbicide mode of action and combinations of mode of action for the resistant biotypes. A section 18 label exemption was supported for Axiom herbicide in 2003 and 2004 with the exemption being granted in 2003.
Publications
- Ball, D. A., J. P. Yenish, and T. Alby III. 2003. Effect of imazamox soil persistence on dryland rotational crops. Weed Technol. 17:161-165.
- Rainbolt, C. R., D. C. Thill, J. P. Yenish, and D. A. Ball. 2004. Herbicide-resistant grass weed development in imidazolinone-resistant wheat: weed biology and herbicide rotation. Weed Technol. (18:860-868).
- Yenish, J. P. and F. L. Young. 2004. Winter wheat competition against jointed goatgrass as influenced by wheat plant height, seeding rate, and seed size. Weed Sci. 52:996-1001.
|
|