Progress 06/01/04 to 05/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The primary goal of the US Marine Shrimp Farming Program (USMSFP) is to provide the products, technologies and services required to maintain the competitiveness of the US shrimp farming industry in the world marketplace. The USMSFP has through the years supported the domestic industry by providing seedstock to US broodstock companies and growout farms, training, and disease diagnostic services. During this period of work, the USMSFP produced and distributed 582,019 selected stocks (TSV-resistant) and potential broodstock and 2,935,112 Kona-line animals for growout to over 50 cooperating research, academic, and industry partners. The distribution of selected broodstock has resulted in a robust domestic industry for sale of disease-resistant animals overseas. Hawaii alone ships an average 100,000 animals out of the state yearly at an estimated $2.5M in sales. These sales have led to a global change in the dominant species of shrimp being cultured worldwide. In 2001, P. monodon dominated accounting for nearly 80% of world production (FAO, 2005). L. vannamei accounted for just over 20%. By 2005, this statistic switched completely with L. vannamei accounting for nearly 70% of world production while P. monodon was only 30%. A total 57 students graduated from the Shrimp Pathology Short Course, yielding to date (1989-2008) training of 510 individuals from the USMSFP, US industry, academia and government, and foreign countries. There have been a total of 1,200 graduates from 57 countries from the short course and workshops. The USMSFP also processed and reported 1,518 total disease diagnostic cases for consortium members, and the domestic and international shrimp aquaculture industry. Over 800 cases were for domestic farmers alone. Nearly 30,000 individual analyses were conducted. Other industry support activities included involvement in supporting and securing emergency funding from USDA-APHIS to conduct additional surveillance and epidemiology of the 2004 TSV outbreak on south Texas farms, and with FDA-CVM principles and the Texas Shrimp Farmers Association on requirements and timelines for forward movement on approval of OTC for use on domestic shrimp farms. Of special note was the USMSFP's participation at the JSA National Aquatic Animal Health Task Force meeting in 2005. Biosecurity protocols of Consortium institutions were forwarded to the task force to help develop national guidelines on disease management. The task force was also provided USMSFP protocols for testing SPF shrimp. The USMSFP commitment to information dissemination to the domestic shrimp industry has been reflected in its publications, workshops, training and coursework, and the program's newsletter, Industry Briefs. Over the reporting period, thirteen quarterly volumes were published covering a wide range of topics of interest to the domestic industry. At its peak, the newsletter had a readership of over 300 restricted to only US researchers, farms, and industry professionals. The USMSFP also maintained contact with the industry through its website www.usmsfp.org), and through special sessions conducted yearly at the Aquaculture America conference. PARTICIPANTS: The US Marine Shrimp Farming Consortium was formed in 1984 to identify and solve problems that constrain the profitability and expansion of the US marine shrimp farming industry. The Consortium oversees the USDA/CSREES-sponsored US Marine Shrimp Farming Program (USMSFP). This program allows leading investigators and their institutions, working in partnership with industry, to engage in focused, results-oriented projects directed at developing profitable and environmentally sustainable shrimp farming in the US. Member institutions and Principal Investigators include: Dr. Jeff Lotz from the University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL); Dr. Shaun Moss from the Oceanic Institute (OI); Dr. Acacia Alcivar-Warren from Tufts University (Tufts); Dr. Craig Browdy from the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Waddell Mariculture Center (WMC); Drs. Addison Lawrence and Tzachi Samocha from Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M System (Texas AgriLife); Dr. Donald Lightner from the University of Arizona (UAZ); and Drs. Raj Boopathy and Quenton Fontenot from Nicholls State University (NSU). Dr. Anthony Ostrowski (OI) was the project director, with responsibility for coordination of research activities and planning, and overall technical and financial oversight of the Consortium. The USMSFP, through the work of the seven Consortium institutions, has provided US producers with direct access to reliable captive supplies of high health and genetically improved shrimp stocks and advanced disease diagnostic and treatment methods. The Oceanic Institute had principal responsibility for genetic improvement of shrimp stocks, including resistance to disease. Tufts had the lead in quantitative genetics, gene markers and microsatellites. The UAZ and GCRL were the principal disease research, diagnostic, and treatment centers. The WMC and Texas AgriLife were working in cooperation on the resolution of problems being confronted by commercial shrimp farmers. NSU focused on waste remediation in pond and raceway culture systems. The Principal Investigators are all recognized world leaders in their respective fields and have numerous professional publications. For instance, Dr. Donald Lightner received the Outstanding Research Award from the UAZ Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology in 2004 and 2005. Dr. Lightner has also taken a leadership role in his service to the world community as a member of the Aquatic Animals Health Standards Commission, Office des International Epizootics (OIE), of Paris, France. Support for and maintenance of the OIE reference lab at UAZ has been crucial to meeting global needs in terms of the management of surging, emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens. Opportunities for training and professional development included the UAZ Shrimp Pathology Workshop, and the training of graduate students from member universities. Over the course of the project, a total 10 Masters and 5 Ph.D. degrees were awarded among the various institutions that were supported by the work under the grant. TARGET AUDIENCES: The USMSFP has traditionally focused on the US shrimp farmer as the primary target audience. However, due to the globalization of shrimp aquaculture it has become necessary to expand the list of stakeholders to include feed manufacturers and equipment suppliers, other aquaculture equipment suppliers, overseas domestic investors in shrimp farms, and the US seafood industry. The US consumer also benefits from the global shrimp market. This global view has encompassed and fostered the development of domestic shrimp broodstock suppliers whose primary business is export to foreign producers. The USMSFP supports domestic broodstock suppliers by providing genetically selected stocks to meet the demands of foreign clients, while keeping emphasis on development of lines specifically for US producers. The USMSFP has maintained its focus on the US producer and has disseminated fast growing stocks and conducted cooperative research only with producers located in the US. For instance, the USMSFP, for the first time, disseminated its Growth Line animals to Harlingen Shrimp Farms in Texas in 2004. Growth Line animals were also subsequently distributed to farms in Virginia and Michigan. It was also recognized that the dissemination of information, publications, and other outputs of the program also reach a global market, and it is not practical to limit the flow of information, technologies, and products to the US alone. Nevertheless, information dissemination is to the US industry first, prior to publication, through workshops, and through special sessions conducted yearly at the Aquaculture America conference. The approach has been a challenge in maintaining the interests of the various stakeholders, which often conflict with each other. For instance, domestic producers lament that domestic broodstock suppliers sell germplasm developed under the program to overseas US competitors. This has necessitated the enhanced education of stakeholders, often via one-on-one conversations. While many have understood the approach of the program to service a wide range of stakeholders, there are still others who have not agreed. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: The USMSFP lost FY07 funding fully. This necessitated an extension of the FY06 work and supplementation of certain components of the program with other funding in addition to staff layoffs. A major change to maintain the selective breeding component of the program was the sale of broodstock animals during CY 2007. Monies received from sales were put directly back into the program and used to keep animals alive and the next generation ongoing. There was also a reduction in scope, including the elimination of the Inbred Line of animals and consolidation of back-up stocks to a commercial facility under cooperative agreement.
Impacts
Over the course of the project the USMSFP focused research on three major objectives: Stock Improvement, Disease Control, and Sustainable Culture Technologies. Selective breeding research for TSV-resistant broodstock lines is arguably one of the most important factors contributing to the ability of the US industry to rebound from the outbreaks that devastated production in the mid-1990s. Beginning with the transfer of SPF stocks in 1990, and the focus on breeding for TSV resistance in 1996, over 90% of domestic broodstock used to produce postlarvae in the US can be traced back to USMSFP lines. A key milestone achieved over the course of this grant period was the completion of the computerized pedigree program. This program, with the database of over 175,000 individual shrimp performance records, is being used to draw specific inferences about estimated breeding value (EBV) of Consortium lines to a specific trait of interest using the BLUP/REML system. This will allow introspective analysis of past and future breeding efforts, more control of inbreeding, and more rapid development of traits of interest. The identification and control of TSV and other diseases could not have been accomplished without the development of diagnostic field kits, molecular methods and tools, and transfer of knowledge of disease prevention and treatment to the commercial sector. The USMSFP has taken a proactive approach to protect the industry on disease issues through continued improvement of diagnostic methods and tools, and efforts to discern the mechanisms and compile models on the epidemiology and transmission of TSV, WSSV, and others. A key contribution of the program over this period has been the identification, characterization, and development of challenge tests and diagnostic procedures for IMNV. This virus, first identified in Brazil, was recently approved as a C-1 virus under the OIE. The USMSFP has been at the forefront of new production technologies for US shrimp farmers. The Consortium was the first to explore the feasibility of low salinity culture of L. vannamei in 1990 which, at its peak in 2003, accounted for about 25% of all the farmed shrimp in the US. The Consortium has also taken the lead in the development of superintensive raceway culture and advancing it now to the point that investment interest has been attracted and is rising across the country. Major domestic interests and transfer of this technology are in South Carolina and more recently in Virginia. The rapid development of the superintensive farming system was driven by the development of a bioeconomic model over the course of this reporting period. The model drove research to identify the most important economic aspects to consider and tested in large-scale raceway trials at Consortium institutions. As a result, research eliminated most of the costly capital costs in constructing recirculation systems, focusing more on management of biofloc and selective breeding for amenable high-density characteristics. Research has allowed stocking densities of over 800 postlarvae/m2 and production as high as 10 kg/m2.
Publications
- There were no additional publications since the last CRIS report filed February 1, 2008. A total 274 peer-reviewed publications and abstracts were produced over the entire report period, averaging about 68 such publications a year.
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Completed a commercial-scale growout of Growth Line animals in a 337-m2 round pond recirculation unit, yielding the highest density ever achieved from the highest stocking density. Significant was production costs were $1.66/lb, a dramatic reduction in cost compared to previous Consortium runs. This indicates the potential for a competitive US shrimp farming industry. Added to the genetic diversity of Consortium stocks. Continued development of the Expressed Sequence Tags (EST) database. We now have 6,000 EST sequences from three cDNA libraries, which will provide material to develop additional markers (EST-SSRs) for pedigree tracing, genetic diversity, linkage and QTL mapping, and mutation studies. These markers may be more useful for genetic analysis than genomic microsatellites (DNA origin) because they provide functional biological information. Developed polymorphic EST-SSR markers for linkage mapping. Five ESTs have been located onto ShrimpMap, the first ESTs mapped for
L. vannamei. A less expensive protocol for preliminary testing and development of polymorphic markers was also established. This protocol is useful for initial development markers, though not reliable when allele size difference is very small. Continued refinement of marker kit ShrimpTest24 to differentiate between Consortium and wild stocks. Conducted challenge studies in 176 family lines of L. vannamei. Lines were challenged with Hawaii (HI), Belize (BZ), Thailand (TH) and Venezuela (VE) isolates of TSV. Produced a new monoclonal antibody that recognizes the Belize isolate of TSV by immunohistochemistry and immuno-dot blot. Developed new primers that distinguish between the infectious form of IHHNV and an IHHNV-related sequence which occurs in certain strains of P. monodon from Africa and Australia. Extended the genome sequence of the Korean isolate of HPV by almost 2,400 bases. This allowed for identification of major open reading frames of the Korean isolate and to compare them to
other geographic isolates of HPV published in GenBank. Determined persistent, low-grade mortality that occurred at a Texas shrimp farm in 2006 was caused by Vibrio parahemolyticus, which demonstrates resistance to oxytetracycline. Characterized the disease that caused mynecrosis of L. vannamei from Brazil (IMNV) and the etiologic agent. Developed several diagnostic methods to identify the agent in clinical specimens. NHP was demonstrated to cause disease in SPF P. monodon. Experiments indicate NHP is transmissible through water without the need for indicator shrimp to ingest infected carcasses. Research indicates that the majority of nitrification/denitrification in superintensive production systems takes place in situ and expensive bead filter operations are not required. This decreases production costs considerably. The bioeconomic model has evolved with incorporation of an economic optimization routine to assist at the farm level. Output from this routine allows for maximization of
profits for given biological parameters, management, input costs, and shrimp size selling prices. Completed a trial to compare biological performance of shrimp fed a diet devoid of fishmeal and fishoil.
PARTICIPANTS: The University of Arizona (UAZ) offers training in shrimp pathology and shrimp disease diagnostic methods to members of the Consortium, to US and foreign governments, and to the doemstic and foreign shrimp culture industries. The UAZ Shrimp Pathology Short Course has been operated as a near self-supporting, annually offered course, which is considered to be one of UAZ's functions in the Consortium. UAZ gave its regular Annual Pathology Short Course in Tucson, AZ, during the period of July 9-20, 2007. Registrants for the 2007 course consisted of 23 students respresenting 16 different countries, including the USA. As of the 2007 class, 162 graduates of the class have come from the Consortium, the US or state government agencies, or from other components of the domestic shrimp culture industry. With the additional 17 foreign graduates of the 2007 Short Course, UAZ has now trained 510 students in its regular Shrimp Pathology Shourt Course from 57 countries or territories in
Diagnostic Shrimp Pathology. UAZ also gave six additional special workshops on shrimp pathology and diagnostic methods during the period of the FY06 extension. These were given at no cost to the USMSFP and were under sponsorship of various governments and/or shrimp farmer associations in the host countries.
PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: The highlights and accomplishments of this report are a continuation of activities developed for the FY06 funding period (6/1/2006-5/31/2007), which were designed to extend into the next funding cycle of 6/31/2007-5/31/2008 (FY07). Unfortunately, the congressional earmark for continued funding was not obtained and the project needed to carry on using remaining FY06 funds. To ensure continuation of the work, a first-time, no-cost extension under the "General Terms and Conditions - A (Administrative Waivers)" was enacted, extending the FY06 grant through 5/31/2008. This report covers overlapping activities from 9/16/2006 through 9/15/2007. Research focused on three major objectives: Stock Improvement, Disease Control, and Sustainable Culture Technologies.
Impacts
Research on genetic improvement of shrimp stocks; gene markers; disease diagnostics and control; low salinity culture; and high-density, low-water use production systems will result in the development of biologically, environmentally, and economically sustainable shrimp farming. The resulting technologies, products and services will make U.S. shrimp farmers competitive in the world marketplace, and ensure the safety and wholesomeness of the seafood supply for U.S. consumers.
Publications
- Austin JJ, Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Morris TC, Almeida RV, Yiu Y. 2007. Intensive grow-out of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in greenhouse enclosed raceways with limited water discharge. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 40, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 26-March 2, 2007. San Antonio Convention Center, San Antonio, Texas.
- Bonnichon V, Lightner DV, Bonami JR. 2006. Viral interference between infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus and white spot syndrome virus in Litopenaeus vannamei. Dis Aquat Org 72:179-184.
- Briggs B, Fox JM, Adami R, Yuan YS, Hasson K, Varner P, Lawrence AL. 2007. A report on environmental presence of catastrophic shrimp viruses and necrotizing hepatopancreatitis in south Texas shrimp farms and other environs postB2004. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 109, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 27-March 2, 2007. San Antonio, Texas, USA.
- Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Morris TC, Austin JJ. 2007. Effect of probiotic mixtures of Bacillus strains and a mixture of nitrifiers on water quality and shrimp performance in limited exchange tank system stocked with Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 502, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 26-March 2, 2007. San Antonio Convention Center, San Antonio, Texas.
- Shields JD and Overstreet RM. 2007. Diseases, parasites, and other symbionts. Chapter 8. In: The Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus, edited by Victor S. Kennedy and L. Eugene Cronin. Maryland Sea Grant, pp. 223-339.
- Siccardi III AJ, Lawrence AL, Gatlin III DM, Castille FL, Fox JM. 2006. Molting and changes in body composition of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, during starvation. Book of Abstracts, p.85, National Shellfisheries Association 98th Annual Meeting, March 26-30, 2006. Monterey, California, USA.
- Simmons AD, Fox JM, Siccardi III AJ, Lawrence AL, Patnaik S, Wilson MA. 2007. Apparent digestibility of selected minerals from purified and semi-purified feed ingredients offered to marine penaeid shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 850, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 27-March 2, 2007. San Antonio, Texas, USA.
- Srisuvan T. 2006. Taura syndrome virus (TSV) of penaeid shrimp: Infection of Penaeus monodon, resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei and ultrastructure of the replication site in infected cells. PhD thesis, Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
- Srisuvan T, Pantoja CR, Redman RM, Lightner DV. 2006. Ultrastucture of the replication site in Taura syndrome virus (TSV)-infected cells. Dis Aquat Org 73:89-101.
- Tang KFJ, Lightner DV. Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV)-related sequences in the genome of Penaeus monodon from Africa, and Australia. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health. September 2-6, 2006. San Francisco, California. p. 257.
- Tang KFJ, Pantoja CR, Redman RM, Lightner DV. 2007. Development of in situ hybridization and RT-PCR assay for the detection of a nodavirus (PvNV) that causes muscle necrosis in Penaeus vannamei. Dis Aquat Org 75:183-190.
- Tang KFJ, Navarro SA, Lightner DV. 2007. PCR assay for discriminating between infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IIHNV) and virus-related sequences in the genome of Penaeus monodon. Dis Aquat Org 74:165-170.
- Vincent AG and Lotz JM. 2007. Effect of salinity on transmission of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacterium (NHPB) to Kona stock Litopenaeus vannamei. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 75: 265-268.
- Vincent AG and Lotz JM. 2007. Advances in research of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacterium (NHPB) affecting penaeid shrimp aquaculture. Reviews in Fisheries Science 15: 63-73.
- Walker SJ, Neill WH, Lawrence AL. 2007. Ecophys. Shrimp: an ecophysiology-based simulation model of growth for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 957, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 27-March 2, 2007. San Antonio, Texas, USA.
- Williams RR, Lawrence AL, Lightner DV. 2007. The approval of oxytetracycline for use in shrimp culture: an update on progress. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 1001, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 27-March 2, 2007. San Antonio, Texas, USA.
- Wilson M, Fox JM, Davis DA, Withers K, Lawrence AL. 2007. Apparent digestibility and leaching characteristics of mineral-bound and polymeric forms of synthetic methionine incorporated into practical shrimp feeds. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 1002, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 27-March 2, 2007. San Antonio, Texas, USA.
- Zhou XV. 2007. A Bioeconomic Model of Recirculating Shrimp Production Systems. M.S. Thesis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi.
- Browdy CL, Seaborn G, Atwood H, Davis DA, Bullis RA, Samocha TM, Wirth E, Leffler JW. 2007. Comparison of pond production efficiency, fatty acid profiles and contaminants in Litopenaeus vannamei fed organic plant-based and fishmeal based diets. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 116, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 26-March 2, 2007. San Antonio Convention Center, San Antonio, Texas.
- Browdy CL, Atwood H, McAbee B, Leffler J, Stokes AD, Samocha TM, Losordo T, Hanson TR, Posadas BC. 2007. Research and development of sustainable super-intensive shrimp production systems: perspectives on commercialization potential for U.S. growers. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 117, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 26-March 2, 2007. San Antonio Convention Center, San Antonio, Texas.
- Castille FL, Lawrence AL. 2007. Effects of density and feed rate on growth and survival of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in indoor tanks. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 149, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 27-March 2, 2007. San Antonio, Texas, USA.
- Cote I, Lightner DV. Use of the TUNEL assay to detect apoptosis in shrimp acutely infected by Taura syndrome virus. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health. September 2-6, 2006. San Francisco, California. p. 90.
- Fox JM, Hairgrove JC, Siccardi III AJ, Lawrence AL, Davis DA. 2007. Nutrient availability of soybean meal, wheat middlings and rice bran in shrimp feeds using commercial sources of phytase. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 313, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 27-March 2, 2007. San Antonio, Texas, USA.
- Gatlin III DM, Li P, Wang X, Castille FL, Lawrence AL. 2007. Dietary supplementation of brewer=s yeast and Grobiotic7-A on growth, immune responses and low-salinity tolerance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in recirculating systems. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 333, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 27-March 2, 2007. San Antonio, Texas, USA.
- Gatlin III DM, Li P, Wang X, Castille FL, Lawrence AL. 2007. Potential applications of prebiotics in shrimp culture. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 335, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 27-March 2, 2007. San Antonio, Texas, USA.
- Hanson TR, Posadas BC, Browdy CL, Samocha T, Losordo T and Stokes AD. 2007. Economic Impact of Major Production Factors in Super-intensive Recirculating Shrimp Production Systems. Abstract printed in the Abstract Book of the Aquaculture 2007 - Science for Sustainable Aquaculture annual meetings, San Antonio, Texas, February 26-March 2.
- Hasson KW, Varner PW, Fan YP, Cowley JA, Parr R, Payne HR, Armstrong C, Gandy RL, Samocha TM. 2007. Disease challenges facing the new U.S. bait shrimp farming industry. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 396, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 26-March 2, 2007. San Antonio Convention Center, San Antonio, Texas.
- Lawrence AL, Castille FL, Siccardi III AJ, Zeigler TR, Markey TA. 2007. Semi-purified research feeds for the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 504, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 27-March 2, 2007. San Antonio, Texas, USA.
- Lightner DV. 2006. Diagnostic Manual for Aquatic Animal Diseases. 5th Edition. Office International des Epizooties (OIE), Paris: Disinfection of Crustacean Farms, Section C of Methods for Disinfection of Aquaculture Establishments. Chapter 1.1.5. pp. 55-64. Diseases of Crustaceans. Section 2.3, Chapter 1.3. General Information. pp. 355-362. Taura Syndrome, Chapter 2.3.1. pp. 363-378. Tetrahedral Baculovirosis (Baculovirus penaei), Chapter 2.3.4. pp. 405-418. Spherical Baculovirosis (Penaeus monodon-type baculovirus), Chapter 2.3.5. pp. 419-430. Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis, Chapter 2.3.6. pp. 431-448. (Available on-line at http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/fmanual/A_summry.htm)
- Alcivar-Warren A, Meehan-Meola D, Wang Y, Guo X, Zhou L, Ziang J, Moss S, Arce S, Warren W, Xu Z, and Bell K. 2006. Isolation and mapping of telomeric pentanucleotide (TAACC)n repeats of the Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Marine Biotechnology, 8(5):467-480.
- Almeida Rodrigo V. Master of Science. 2007. Development of a field methodology for evaluating chemoattractants and feeding stimulants in commercial feeds for the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).
- Almeida RV, Lawrence AL, Fox JM, Sanchez DR. 2007. Development of field methodology for evaluating chemoattractants and feed stimulants in commercial feeds for the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 21, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 27-March 2, 2007. San Antonio, Texas, USA.
- Andrade TPD, Srisuvan T, Tang, KFJ, Lightner DV. 2007. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay using TaqMan probe for detection and quantification of Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). Aquaculture 264:9-15.
- Lightner DV, Pantoja CR, Redman RM, Poulos BT, Nunan LM, Mohney LL, Noble BL, Schofield PJ, Tang KFJ. New diseases of shrimp in Latin America with emphasis on PvNV, a new described nodavirus from Penaeus vannamei. 8th International Shrimp Culture Symposium. May 2-4, 2007. Leon, Nicaragua. p. 24.
- Lightner DV, Pantoja CR, Redman RM, Poulos BT, Tang KFJ. Different viruses cause myonecrosis disease in cultured Litopenaeus vannamei from Brazil and Belize: gross signs and histopathology. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health. September 2-6, 2006. San Francisco, California. p. 168.
- Lightner DV, Riggs A, Corbin JS, Ostrowski AC. 2007. Taura syndrome virus in specific pathogen-free Penaeus vannamei originating from Hawaii and P. vannamei stocks in France? Dis Aquat Org 74:77-79.
- Lyles C, Fontenot Q, Kilgen M, Boopathy R. Use of a Pilot Plant Sequencing Batch Reactor for the Treatment of Shrimp Aquaculture Wastewater. Abstract. American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting, May 21-25, 2007, Toronto, Canada.
- Lyles, CN. 2006. Biological Treatment of Shrimp Aquaculture Wastewater Using a Sequencing Batch Reactor: A Pilot Plant Study. Masters Thesis. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux, Louisiana.
- Morris TC, Samocha TM, Davis DA, Bullis RA, Patnaik S, Yiu Y, Austin JJ, Fox JM, Almeida RV. 2007. Optimization of cholesterol levels and evaluation of potential use of phytosterol as a cholesterol substitute in plant-based, fishmeal-free practical diets for Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 631, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 26-March 2, 2007. San Antonio Convention Center, San Antonio, Texas.
- Morris TC, Samocha TM, Davis DA, Bullis RA, Patnaik S, Yiu Y, Austin JJ, Fox JM, Almeida RV. 2007. Comparison of grape extract and squid liver meal as potential attractants in plant-based, fishmeal-free practical feeds for Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 632, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 26-March 2, 2007. San Antonio Convention Center, San Antonio, Texas.
- Moss DR and Moss Decamp OE, Otoshi CA and Moss S M. 2006. Protozoans and meiofauna inhabiting a bead filter: A preliminary investigation of their role as potential bioindicators of shrimp production system health. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 37(4):481-489.
- Moss SM, Arce SA, Moss DR and Otoshi CA. 2007. Recent advances in selective breeding and super-intensive culture of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Abstract Book World Aquaculture 2007. World Aquaculture Society, San Antonio, Texas, p. 634.
- Nunan LM, Lightner DV, Pantoja CR, Stokes NA, Reece KS. 2007. Characterization of a rediscovered haplosporidian parasite from cultured Penaeus vannamei. Dis Aquat Org 74:67 75.
- Ostrowski AC, Atwood H, Alcivar-Warren A, Fontenot QC, Lawrence AL, Lightner DV, Lotz JM and Moss SM. 2007. Milestone achievements and future directions of the U.S. Marine Shrimp Farming Program in response to evolving world markets. Abstract Book World Aquaculture 2007. World Aquaculture Society, San Antonio, Texas, p. 682.
- Otoshi CA, Naguwa SS, Falesch FC, Holl CM and Moss SM. 2007. Effects of stocking density on the performance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in super-intensive recirculating aquaculture systems. Abstract Book World Aquaculture 2007. World Aquaculture Society, San Antonio, Texas, p. 684.
- Patnaik S, Samocha TM, Davis DA, Bullis RA, Browdy CL. 2006. The use of HUFA-rich algal meals in diets for Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Nutrition 12: 395-401.
- Patnaik S, Samocha TM, Kilgen MB, Morris TC, Austin JJ, Alameida RV. 2007. Potential use of probiotic mixtures of Bacillus strains to prevent Vibrio harveyi outbreak in membrane-lined ponds stocked with Litopenaeus vannamei and operated with limited discharge. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 695, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 26-March 2, 2007. San Antonio Convention Center, San Antonio, Texas.
- Poulos BT, Lightner DV. 2006. Detection of infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) of penaeid shrimp by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Dis Aquat Org 73:69-72.
- Poulos BT, Tang KFJ, Pantoja CR, Lightner DV. Different viruses cause myonecrosis disease in cultured Litopenaeus vannamei from Brazil and Belize: characterization of the etiologic agents and molecular methods for detection. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health. September 2-6, 2006. San Francisco, California. p. 218.
- Robalino J, Almeida JS, McKillen D, Colglazier J, Trent III HF, Chen YA, Peck MET, Browdy CL, Chapman RW, Warr GW, Gross PS. 2007. Insights into the immune transcriptome of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: tissue-specific expression profiles and transcriptomic responses to immune challenge. Physiological Genomics 29: 44-56.
- Robalino J, Bartlett TC, Chapman RW, Gross PS, Browdy CL, Warr GW. 2007. Double stranded RNA and antiviral immunity in marine shrimp: Inducible host mechanisms and evidence for the evolution of viral counter-responses. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 31:539-547.
- Lawrence AL, Samocha TM, Castille FL, Patnaik S. 2007. Recent results from research conducted with the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 505, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 27-March 2, 2007. San Antonio, Texas, USA.
- Li P, Gatlin III DM, Patnaik S, Castille FL, Lawrence AL. 2007. Dietary supplementation of nucleotides enhance growth but not immune response parameters of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in recirculating systems. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 1053, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, February 27-March 2, 2007. San Antonio, Texas, USA.
- Li P, Lawrence AL, Castille FL, Gatlin III DM. 2007. Preliminary evaluation of a purified nucleotide mixture as a dietary supplement for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone). Aquaculture Research 18: 887-890.
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Completed computerized pedigree database with over 175,000 individual shrimp performance records from 1,176 families tested from 1988-2005. Database will greatly improve efficiency of breeding program through retrospective analysis and future prediction of family performance. Evidence continued to indicate selection for TSV resistance does not adversely affect growth, as previously thought. Biological performance of TSV-Resistant and Growth shrimp were similar for growth rate, survival, and final harvest weight. Individual family performance data indicated a maximum size of up to 37.7 g can be obtained, with a growth rate of up to 1.78 g/wk, indicating potential for further improvement of Consortium lines. Confirmed effectiveness of Shrimp 24, a panel of genetic markers developed by the Consortium and being tested to replace physical tags for selective breeding. Use of this marker panel will increase selection intensity and advance breeding efforts more quickly.
Continued to develop a TSV-resistant line of animals for domestic broodstock industry and evaluated genetic progress of lines. Survival of selected families increased from 40% in 2002 to 80% in 2006. USMSFP stocks continue to have significant impact on development of US broodstock companies which rely on Consortium stocks for their base. Monitored overseas disease risks to domestic farmed and wild shrimp and identified several new viruses (Litopenaeus vannamei nodavirus and an iridovirus) that can threaten domestic stocks through commodity imports. Initiated international phase of interlaboratory validation studies (ring tests) in Sonora, Mexico. This effort will ensure development of worldwide standards for disease diagnostics and detection. Achieved year-round production of shrimp in superintensive production systems. Consistency and reproducibility are essential to determining the feasibility of these systems. Achieved record stocking densities and final harvest of shrimp in
superintensive production systems. Demonstrated through the economic simulation model that while net return from a 16.67% partial harvest at 18 g (final harvest at 23 g) can be improved with a single harvest of either 26 or 31 g, annualized net return is still higher at the base partial harvest scenario. This has important management ramifications and requires confirmation of year-round, continuous production, and growth above 25 g. Demonstrated in small tank systems that growth decreases with increasing density and that feed rate had little effect on growth (except at very low feed rates). This indicates the potential for compensatory growth with partial harvest if animals were previously at high densities. Developed world's first F1 generation of L. setiferus toward a domestic SPF bait shrimp industry. Processed/reported 420 total disease diagnostic cases for Consortium members and the domestic/international shrimp aquaculture industry. Of these, 225 cases were for domestic farmers.
Produced and distributed 196,810 selected stocks and potential broodstock and 701,812 Kona-line animals for growout to 22 cooperating research, academic, and industry partners.
Impacts
Research on genetic improvement of shrimp stocks; gene markers; disease diagnostics and control; low salinity culture; and high-density, low-water use production systems will result in the development of biologically, environmentally, and economically sustainable shrimp farming. The resulting technologies, products and services will make U.S. shrimp farmers competitive in the world marketplace, and ensure the safety and wholesomeness of the seafood supply for U.S. consumers.
Publications
- Moss S, Otoshi C, Holl C, Tallamy C, Beardsley C, Azam F. 2006. Intensive microbial reuse systems for super-intensive shrimp production: experiences from the Oceanic Institute. Abstract Book Aquaculture America 2006. World Aquaculture Society, Las Vegas, Nevada, p.194.
- Navarro SA, Poulos BT, Tang KFJ, Lightner DV. Characterization of Taura syndrome virus isolated from Venezuela in 2005. Aquaculture America 2006. February 13-16, 2006. Las Vegas, Nevada. p. 204.
- Alcivar-Warren A, Meehan-Meola D. 2006. ShrimpTest12 - A panel of microsatellite genetic markers for pedigree tracking in breeding programs, forensic analysis and genetic diversity of Penaeus vannamei shrimp. Book of Abstracts. ISAG 2006. 30th International Conference on Animal Genetics, Porto Seguro, Brazil, August 20-25, 2006.
- Alcivar-Warren A, Meehan-Meola D, Delaney M, Doidge T, Park SW. 2006a. Availability of genetic and genomic resources for shrimp. Book of Abstracts. Aquaculture America 2006, Las Vegas, Nevada, February 13-17, 2006. Abstr. 389.
- Alcivar-Warren A, Meehan D, Wang Y, Guo X, Zhou L, Xiang J, Moss S, Arce S, Xu Z, Bell K. 2006b. High frequency of telomeric pentanucleotide (TAACC)n repeats in shrimp Penaeus vannamei [Crustacea:Decapoda]. Marine Biotechnology. In press. Published online May 26, 2006.
- Alcivar-Warren A, Meehan-Meola D, Xu Z. 2006b. ShrimpTest12 - a panel of genetic markers for genetic analysis of cultured and wild shrimp. Book of Abstracts. Aquaculture America 2006, Las Vegas, Nevada, February 11-17, 2006. Abstr. 400.
- Atwood HL, Davis DA, Samocha TM, Bullis RA, Stokes AD, Browdy CL. 2006. Development of alternative feeds for intensive pond production of Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 304, Aquaculture America 2006, February 13-16, 2006. Riviera Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- Ayub Z, Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Harisanto M, Burger JM, Almeida RV, Brock DL. 2006. The effect of different aeration devices on dissolved oxygen levels in shrimp ponds operated with limited discharge. Book of Abstract (CD-ROM), p. 262, Aquaculture America 2006, February 13-16, 2006. Riviera Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- Beseres JJ, Lawrence AL, Feller RJ. 2006. Practical equivalence of laboratory and field measurements of gut passage time in two penaeid shrimp species. Marine Ecology Progress Series 309: 221 231.
- Bray WA, Williams RR, Lightner DV, Lawrence AL. 2006. Growth, survival, and histological response of the marine shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, to three dosage levels of oxytetracycline. Aquaculture 258 97-108.
- Brister, Jim. Master of Science. 2005. A quantitative method of evaluating feed consumption in feed attraction studies with Litopenaeus vannamei. Texas.
- Brown J, Tomasetti R, Chau L, Nelson S, Tang K, Lightner DV. Survey of white spot syndrome virus in wild-caught crab and fresh shrimp sold in local markets of Guam. Aquaculture America 2006. February 13-16, 2006. Las Vegas, Nevada. p. 41.
- Burger JM, Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Almeida RV, Ayub Z, Harisanto M, Brock DL. 2006. Intensive nursery culture of the pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under biosecure and limited discharge conditions in greenhouse-enclosed raceways. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 44, Aquaculture America 2006, February 13-16, 2006. Riviera Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- Castille FL, Lawrence AL, Gonzalez Felix ML, Perez Velazquez M, Bushman P. 2005. Efecto del suplemento dietetico de cholesterol en el crecimiento y supervivencia de camaron Litopenaeus vannamei. Panorama Acuicola 10(2): 22 23. (in Spanish)
- Chayanburakul K, Lightner DV, Sriurairattana S, Tang-Nelson K, Withyachumnarnkul B. 2005. Different responses to Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) in Penaeus monodon and P. vannamei. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 67: 191-200.
- Lawrence AL. 2006. A Afeed program@ for recirculating production systems. Book of Abstracts, p. 39, Sixth International Conference on Recirculating Aquaculture, July 21 23, 2006, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
- Lawrence AL, Bray WA, More WR. 2005. Cultivo de camaroes na presence de doencas. Panorama da Aquicultura 15(4):14 21. (in Portuguese)
- Lightner DV. 2005. Biosecurity in Shrimp Farming: Pathogen Exclusion through use of SPF Stock and Routine Surveillance. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 36(3): 229-248.
- Lightner DV, Pantoja CR, Poulos BT, Tang-Nelson KFJ, Redman RM, Nunan LM, Navarro SA, Noble BL, Mohney LL. Old and emerging diseases of Litopenaeus vannamei in 2004-2005 in the Americas. Aquaculture America 2006. February 13-16, 2006. Las Vegas, Nevada. p. 166.
- Doidge T, Belmonte L, Meehan-Meola D, Alcivar-Warren A. 2006. Potential markers associated with resistance to Taura Syndrome Virus: Preliminary analysis using genetic markers from 11 linkage groups of the genetic map of Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts. Aquaculture America 2006 meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, February 13-15, 2006. Abstr. 401.
- Doyle RW, Moss DR, Moss SM. 2006. Geographical variation in the breeding value of TSV resistance among founders of a composite Penaeus vannamei broodstock in Hawaii. International Symposium of Genetics in Aquaculture IX Book of Abstracts, Montpellier, France, June 2006. International Association for Genetics in Aquaculture. p. 21
- Fox JM, Lawrence AL, Davis AD, Ricque-Marie D, Cruz-Suarez E, Siccardi III AJ, Samocha TM. 2005. Current status of phytase research on marine penaeid shrimp. Book of Abstracts, p. 199, World Aquaculture Society Annual Conference, May 9-13, 2005, Bali, Indonesia.
- Hairgrove, John Caleb. Master of Science. 2005. Influence of pellet water stability on chemoattraction in feeds for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Texas.
- Hanson TR, Lawrence AL, Posadas BC. 2006. Economics of partial harvesting in super intensive recirculating shrimp productions systems. Book of Abstracts (CD ROM), p. 126, Aquaculture America 2006, February 13 16, 2006. Riviera Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
- Hanson TR, Lawrence AL, Posadas BC. 2006. Economics of partial harvesting in super intensive recirculating shrimp productions raceways. Book of Abstracts, p. 37, Sixth International Conference on Recirculating Aquaculture, July 21 23, 2006, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.
- Hennig OL, Arce SM, Moss SM, Pantoja CR, Lightner DV. 2005. Development of a specific pathogen free population of the Chinese fleshy prawn, Fenneropenaeus chinensis: Part II. Secondary quarantine. Aquaculture, 250:579-585.
- Hennig OL, Keller KV, Holl CM, Moss SM. 2006. Effects of wheat flour as a carbohydrate supplement on growth and survival of post larval Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Abstract Book Aquaculture America 2006. World Aquaculture Society, Las Vegas, Nevada, p.134.
- Heres AA, Nunan L, Lightner DV. Determination of toxicity and virulence of Spiroplasma penaeii when injected into specific pathogen free (SPF) Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture America 2006. February 13-16, 2006. Las Vegas, Nevada. p. 135.
- Holl CM, Tallamy CJ, Moss SM. 2006. The use of stable isotopes to reveal microbial community processes in recirculating shrimp aquaculture. Abstract Book World Aquaculture 2006. World Aquaculture Society, Florence, Italy, p.391.
- Keating J, Delaney M, Meehan-Meola D, Alcivar-Warren A. 2006. Histological findings in cadmium-treated shrimp postlarvae, Litopenaeus vannamei, and the development of polymorphic markers associated with cadmium exposure. Book of Abstracts. Aquaculture America 2006, Las Vegas, Nevada, February 11-17, 2006. Abstr. 500.
- Lotz, JM, Overstreet RM, Grimes DJ. 2006. Aquaculture and animal pathogens in the marine environment with emphasis on marine shrimp viruses. In Oceans and Health: Pathogens in the Marine Environment, edited by Shimshon Belkin and Rita R. Colwell. Springer (Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers), New York, pp. 431-451.
- Mishra JK, Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Gandy RL, Harisanto M, Mott J, Bransky C, Lawrence AL. 2005. Intensive nursery culture of the pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, under biosecured and limited discharge in greenhouse-enclosed raceways. Book of Abstracts (CD-ROM), p. 218, Aquaculture America 2005, January 17-20, 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
- Morales-Covarrubias MS, Osuna-Duarte AG, Garcia-Gasca A, Lightner DV, Mota-Urbina JC. 2006. Prevalence of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (NHP) in female broodstock of White Shrimp Penaeus vannamei with unilateral eyestalk ablation and hormone injection. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 18: 19-25.
- Moss DR and Moss SM. 2006. Effects of gender and size on feed acquisition in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 37(2):161-167.
- Moss DR, Doyle RW, Moss SM. 2006. Effects of inbreeding on survival of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei: Environmental sensitivity and the use of inbreeding as a germplasm protection strategy. International Symposium of Genetics in Aquaculture IX Book of Abstracts, Montpellier, France, June 2006. International Association for Genetics in Aquaculture. p. 71.
- Moss S, Arce S, Hennig O, Moss D, Otoshi C. 2006. Highlights of current shrimp research at the Oceanic Institute. Abstract Book Aquaculture America 2006. World Aquaculture Society, Las Vegas, Nevada, p.196.
- Moss SM, Arce SM, Moss DR. 2006. Use of domesticated, specific pathogen free Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in Asia: opportunities and challenges. Abstract Book World Aquaculture 2006. World Aquaculture Society, Florence, Italy, p.635.
- Moss SM, Forster IP, Tacon AGJ. 2006. Sparing effect of pond water on vitamins in shrimp diets. Aquaculture, 258:388-395.
- Moss S, Otoshi C, Holl C, Grey M, Tabrah J, Hering T. 2006. An integrated approach to the development of biosecure, zero-exchange shrimp production technology (BioZEST). Abstract Book Aquaculture America 2006. World Aquaculture Society, Las Vegas, Nevada, p.195.
- Posadas BC and TR Hanson. 2006. Chapter 18. Economic Implications of Integrating Nursery Components into Indoor Bio-Secure Recirculating Saltwater Shrimp Growout Systems. Book chapter in Shrimp Culture: Market, Economics and Trade, P. Leung and C. Engle (Editors). Blackwell Publishing Professional: Ames, Iowa.
- Poulos BT, Tang KFJ, Pantoja CR, Bonami JR, Lightner DV. 2006. Purification and characterization of infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) of penaeid shrimp. Journal of General Virology. 87: 987-996.
- Powell JWB, Burge EJ, Shepard EF, Browdy CL. 2006. Sensitivity determination of Shrimple, an immunochromatographic assay for white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), using quantitative real-time PCR. Aquaculture. 257:167-172.
- Reville C, Al-Beik J, Meehan D, Xu Z, Goldsmith M, Rand W, Alcivar-Warren A. 2005. White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in frozen shrimp sold at Massachusetts supermarkets. Journal of Shellfish Research 24:285-290.
- Robalino J, Bartlett T, Shepard E, Prior S, Jaramillo G, Scura E, Chapman RW, Gross PS, Browdy CL, Warr GW. 2005. Double stranded RNA induces sequence-specific antiviral silencing in addition to non-specific immunity in a marine shrimp: Convergence of RNA interference and innate immunity in the invertebrate antiviral response. Journal of Virology 79:13561-13571.
- Nunan LM, Lightner DV, Oduori MA, Gasparich GE. 2005. Spiroplasma penaei sp. nov., associated with mortalities in Penaeus vannamei, Pacific white shrimp. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSEM). 55: 2317-2322.
- Nunan L, Lightner DV, Wenthold R. Development of an injection challenge method in Litopenaeus vannamei for the determination of the inactivation of White Spot Syndrome virus. Aquaculture America 2006. February 13-16, 2006. Las Vegas, Nevada. p. 213.
- Ostrowski AC, Atwood H, Alcivar Warren A, Fontenot Q, Lawrence AL, Lightner DV, Lotz JM, Moss SM. 2006. Recent progress and milestone achievements of the U.S. Marine Shrimp Farming Program. Book of Abstracts (CD ROM), p. 217, Aquaculture America 2006, February 13 16, 2006. Riviera Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
- Otoshi CA, Montgomery AD, Matsuda EM, Moss SM. 2006. Effects of artificial substrate and water source on growth of juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 37(2):210-213.
- Otoshi C, Tang LR, Dagdagan D, Holl C, Tallamy C, Moss DR, Arce SM, Moss SM. 2006. Super-Intensive growout of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei: Recent advances at the Oceanic Institute. Program: the 6th International Conference on Recirculating Aquaculture. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, p 36.
- Otoshi C, Whitehead C, Falesch F, Naguwa S, Leung P, Moss S. 2006. Production of broodstock-size Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in a biosecure recirculating system using a partial harvest strategy. Abstract Book Aquaculture America 2006. World Aquaculture Society, Las Vegas, Nevada, p. 219.
- Overstreet RM. 2005b. Chapter 10: Economic and environmental importance: Effects in shrimp culture. In Marine Parasitology, edited by Klaus Rohde. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia, pp. 398-404, 543-545.
- Overstreet RM. 2005c. Chapter 11: Medical importance: Infections by the rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis. In Marine Parasitology, edited by Klaus Rohde. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia, pp. 442-446, 556-557.
- P. de Andrade T. 2006. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay using TaqMan Probe for Detection and Quantification of Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV). M.S. thesis, Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
- P. de Andrade T, Lightner DV, Srisuvan T, Tang K, Poulos BT, Pantoja C, Redman R. Time course study and quantitative determination of infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) in different tissues of Litopenaeus vannamei by real-time RT-PCR. Aquaculture America 2006. February 13-16, 2006. Las Vegas, Nevada. p. 11.
- Pantoja CR, Lightner DV. The Mexican shrimp farming industry and the implementation of regional biosecurity. World Aquaculture 2006. May 9-13, 2006. Firenze (Florence), Italy. p. 1058.
- Pantoja CR, Randolph A, White-Noble B, Lightner DV. Experimental water-borne infection of SPF Litopenaeus vannamei with Necrotizing Hepatopancreatitis Bacteria (NHP-B). Aquaculture America 2006. February 13-16, 2006. Las Vegas, Nevada. p. 226.
- Pantoja CR, Song X, Xia L, Gong H, Wilkenfeld J, Noble B, Lightner DV. 2005. Development of a Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) Population of the Chinese Fleshy Prawn Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Part 1: Disease pre-screening and primary quarantine. Aquaculture. 250: 573-578.
- Patnaik S, Samocha TM, Ayub Z, Burger JM, Harisanto M, Almeida RV, Ali AM, Horowitz A, Brock DL. 2006. Effect of a commercial diet with 30
- Patnaik S, Samocha TM, Davis DA, Bullis RA, Browdy CL. 2006. The use of HUFA rich algal meals in diets for Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Nutrition 12: 395-401.
- Patnaik S, Samocha TM, Horowitz A. 2006. Preliminary studies on ammonium and nitrite reduction dynamics in water from shrimp tanks operated under limited discharge. Book of Abstract (CD-ROM), p. 229, Aquaculture America 2006, February 13-16, 2006. Riviera Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- Patnaik S, Samocha TM, Mishra JK, Harisanto M, Brock DL, Lawrence AL, Mott JB, Branecky CA, Fox JM. 2005. Effect of three commercial shrimp diets (30
- Robalino J, Payne C, Parnell P, Shepard E , Grimes AC, Metz A, Prior S, Witteveldt J, Vlak JM, Gross PS, Warr G, Browdy CL. 2006. Inactivation of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) by normal rabbit serum: Implications for the role of the envelope protein VP28 in WSSV infection of shrimp. Virus Research 118:55-61.
- Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Burger JM, Almeida RV, Ali AM, Ayub Z, Harisanto M, Horowitz A, Brock DL. 2006. Use of molasses as carbon source in limited discharge grow-out systems for Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstract (CD-ROM), p. 263, Aquaculture America 2006, February 13-16, 2006. Riviera Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Burger JM, Almeida RV, Ali AM, Ayub Z, Harisanto M, Horowitz A, Brock DL. 2006. Effect of high and low-protein diets (30
- Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Mishra JK, Brock DL, Harisanto M, Lawrence AL, Mott JB, Branecky CA, Fox JM. 2005. Effect of four commercial diets (30
- Sanchez DR, Fox JM, Lawrence AL, Castille FL, Dunsford B. 2005. A methodology for evaluation of dietary feeding stimulants for the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Journal World Aquaculture Society 36(1):14 23.
- Siccardi AJ, Lawrence AL, Gatlin III DM, Castille FL, Fox JM. 2006. Molting and changes in body composition of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, during starvation. Book of Abstracts, p. 85, National Shellfisheries Association 98th Annual Meeting, March 26 30, 2006, Monterey, California, USA.
- Siccardi AJ, Lawrence AL, Watts SA. 2006. Polyculture of the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei and the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus. Book of Abstracts, p 84, National Shellfisheries Association 98th Annual Meeting, March 26 30, 2006, Monterey, California, USA.
- Srisuvan T, Tang KFJ, Lightner DV. 2005. Experimental infection of Penaeus monodon with Taura syndrome virus (TSV). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 67: 1-8.
- Srisuvan T, Noble BL, Schofield PJ, Lightner DV. 2006. Comparison of four Taura syndrome virus (TSV) isolates in oral challenge studies with Litopenaeus vannamei unselected or selected for resistance to TSV. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 71: 1-10.
- Surachetpong W, Poulos BT, Tang KFJ, Lightner DV. 2005. Improvement of PCR method for the detection of monodon baculovirus (MBV) in penaeid shrimp. Aquaculture. 249: 69-75.
- Tang KFJ, Lightner DV. 2006. Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV)-related sequences in the genome of the black tiger prawn Penaeus monodon from Africa and Australia. Virus Research. 118: 185-191.
- Siccardi III, Anthony Joseph. Doctor of Philosophy. 2006. Daily digestible protein and energy requirements for growth and maintenance of sub adult pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). New Jersey.
- Siccardi AJ, Walker S, Lawrence AL, Watts SA. 2005. Polyculture of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. Journal Alabama Academy Science: 76(2), 115.
- Siccardi AJ, Lawrence AL, Gatlin III DM, Castille FL, Fox JM. 2006. Apparent dry matter and protein digestibility of ingredients for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei diets. Book of Abstracts (CD ROM), p. 284, Aquaculture America 2006, February 13 16, 2006. Riviera Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
- Siccardi AJ, Lawrence AL, Gatlin III DM, Castille FL, Fox JM. 2006. Digestible protein and energy requirements for growth and maintenance of sub adult Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, Book of Abstracts (CD ROM), p. 282, Aquaculture America 2006, February 13 16, 2006. Riviera Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
- Siccardi AJ, Lawrence AL, Gatlin III DM, Castille FL, Fox JM. 2006. Apparent dry matter and energy digestibility of ingredients for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei diets. Book of Abstracts (CD ROM), p. 283, Aquaculture America 2006, February 13 16, 2006. Riviera Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
- Tang KFJ, Pantoja CR, Lightner DV. Africa type infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) is non-infectious and is integrated within the host DNA. Aquaculture America 2006. February 13-16, 2006. Las Vegas, Nevada. p. 225.
- van der Steen H, Rocha J, Jiang D, Ciobanu D, Moss S. 2006. The contribution of genetics to BioZEST development. Abstract Book Aquaculture America 2006. World Aquaculture Society, Las Vegas, Nevada, p. 330.
- Vanpatten KA, Pantoja CR, Lightner DV, Flegel TW. 2006. Lab Procedures and Services. In: Operating Procedures for Shrimp Farming-Global Shrimp OP: 2001 Survey Results and Recommendations. Pp. 148-152. Global Aquaculture Alliance. St. Louis, Missouri.
- Vincent AG. 2006. Experimental infection of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacterium (NHPB) in Kona stock Litopenaeus vannamei (Pacific white shrimp). Ph.D. Dissertation. The University of Southern Mississippi. Hattiesburg.
- Vincent AG and Lotz JM. 2005. Time course of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (NHP) in experimentally infected Litopenaeus vannamei and quantification of NHP-bacterium using real-time PCR. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 67:163-169.
- Wasielesky W Jr, Atwood H, Stokes A, Browdy CL. 2006. Effect of natural production in brown water super-intensive culture system for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 258: 396 403.
- White-Noble BL, Schofield PJ, Poulos BT, Lightner DV. Results of laboratory White Spot virus and/or Taura syndrome virus challenges of nine species of marine and freshwater decapods. Aquaculture America 2006. February 13-16, 2006. Las Vegas, Nevada. p. 351.
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
The selective breeding program reached an important milestone in the development of the computerized pedigree database. For the first time, the database was used to draw specific inferences about estimated breeding value (EBV) of Consortium lines to a specific trait of interest using the BLUP/REML system. The computerized pedigree also identified the effects of inbreeding on survival are more harsh the harsher the environment. Research on the genetic basis of TSV resistance reached significant milestones. The program established a bioinformatics database and search capability to identify genes associated with traits of economic importance. Results on the mechanisms of TSV resistance confirmed TSV pathology and resistance are related to viral loads. This allowed the Consortium to transition to TSV load instead of survival as the key metric for evaluating response and examining the genetic basis of disease resistance. Other research indicated an additive effect of the
pesticide endosulfan on mortality of TSV-infected shrimp. Mortality increased in both TSV-infected and non-infected shrimp, but was independent of molting stage. The USMSFC collaborative effort in Texas continued to discern the causes and origins of a TSV outbreak that occurred in June 2004. The viral strain (04-USTX) is closely linked phylogentically to the SE Asian group of TSV isolates. A linkage between the Asian group with isolate 98-HO was identified, indicating TSV was brought to Aisa from Honduras. Additional detection methods for IMNV were developed, one of which, a highly specific nested PCR, was transferred to Intelligene Corp. for commercial application. The potential for use of partial harvesting was identified. Modeling indicated the net return on existing systems could be increased significantly, but that research is needed to confirm growth rates from 20-30g and to larger sizes (circa. 40g), and to examine the effect of different densities, particularly on growth.
Commissioning of the large-scale, 12-unit prototype growout facility at GCRL was completed with tests of 3 levels of light transmittance and 2 levels of solids waste removal. The semi-purified research diet is now ready for use by the USMSFP. Trials confirmed the effectiveness of the diet at a stocking density of 50 shrimp/m2. The USMSFP produced and distributed 128,709 selected stocks and potential broodstock and 851,300 Kona Line animals for growout to 17 cooperating research, academic, and industry partners. Of special note was the USMSFP's participation at the JSA National Aquatic Animal Health Task Force meeting in Arizona. Topics included a review of crustacean disease list, value and challenges of aquaculture zones for crustaceans, necessary sampling protocols for surveillance, and disease prevention measures. Biosecurity protocols of Consortium institutions were forwarded to the task force to help develop national guidelines on disease management. The task force was also
provided USMSFP protocols for testing SPF shrimp.
Impacts
Research on genetic improvement of shrimp stocks, gene markers, disease diagnostics and control, low salinity culture, and high density, low water use production systems will result in the development of biologically, environmentally, and economically sustainable shrimp farming. The resulting technologies, products and services will make US shrimp farmers competitive in th world marketplace, nd ensure the safety and wholesomeness of the seafood supply for US consumers.
Publications
- Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Harisanto M, Mishra J, Burger J. 2005. Use of aspirator-type and paddlewheel aerators in production of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in outdoor lined ponds under limited discharge. Proceedings, World Aquaculture 2005, May 9-13, 2005, Bali, Indonesia, p. 548.
- Sowers AD, Young SP, Gatlin DM, Isely JJ, Browdy CL, Tomasso JR. 2005. Responses of Litopenaeus vannamei in water containing low concentrations of total dissolved solids. Aquaculture Research 36:819-823.
- Sowers A, Young SP, Isley JJ, Browdy CL, Tomasso, JR Jr. 2004. Nitrite toxicity to Litopenaeus vannamei in water containing low concentrations of sea salt or mixed salts. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 35:445-451.
- Surachetpong W. 2005. Application of PCR as a diagnostic tool for monodon baculovirus (MBV) in penaeid shrimp. M.S. thesis, Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
- Lawrence AL, Fox J, Gaines K, Gregg K, Varner P, Hasson K, Juang YS, Adami R, Bray WA, Lotz JM, Lightner DV, Greece G, Reisinger T, Larkin P, Moury D, Alcivar-Warren A, Ostrowski AC. 2005. TSV in Texas during 2004: Summary of a collaborative program involving commercial shrimp farms, state and federal institutions/agencies. Aquaculture America 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana, January 17-20, 2005. p. 228.
- Vincent, AG, Breland VM, Lotz JM. 2004. Experimental infection of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with Necrotizing Hepatopancreatitis (NHP) bacterium by per os exposure. Disease of Aquatic Organisms 61: 227 - 233.
- Wyban J, White-Noble B, Lightner DV. Breeding fast growing, Taura Virus Resistant (TVR7) P. vannamei. World Aquaculture 2005. May 9-13, 2005. Bali, Indonesia. p. 713.
- Tang KFJ, Lightner DV. 2005. Phylogenetic analysis of Taura syndrome virus isolates collected between 1993 and 2004 and virulence comparison between two isolates representing different genetic variants. Virus Research. 112: 69-76.
- Tang KFJ, Pantoja CR, Lightner DV. Infectious Myonecrosis Virus Infection in Litopenaeus vannamei, Litopenaeus stylirostris, and Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture America 2005. January 17-20, 2005. New Orleans, Louisiana. p. 445.
- Tang KFJ, Pantoja CR, Poulos BT, Redman RM, Lightner DV. 2005. In situ hybridization demonstrates that Litopenaeus vannamei, L. Stylirostris and Penaeus monodon are susceptible to experimental infection with infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 63: 261-265.
- van der Steen H, Rocha JL, Moss SM, Konghorn B, Plastow G. 2005. Genetic improvement in aquaculture: an absolute necessity or just "nice to have"? Aquaculture America 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana, p. 464.
- Vanpatten KA. 2004. Seabirds as potential vectors of penaied shrimp viruses and the development of a surrogate laboratory model utilizing domestic chickens. M.S. thesis, Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
- Vanpatten KA, Nunan LM, Lightner DV. 2004. Seabirds as potential vectors of penaeid shrimp viruses and the development of a surrogate laboratory model utilizing domestic chickens. Aquaculture. 241: 31-46.
- Lightner DV, Tang KFJ, Poulos BT, Navarro SA, Redman RM, Duhaime RA, Gregg K, Montgomery-Brock DR, Sweeney JN. The 2004 outbreaks of White Spot Disease in Kauai, Hawaii and Taura Syndrome in Texas: implications to biosecurity planning and to a sustainable domestic shrimp farming industry. Aquaculture America 2005. January 17-20, 2005. New Orleans, Louisiana. p. 240.
- Lotz JM, Salazar-A L, Soto MA. 2005. Effect of chronic Taura syndrome virus infection on salinity tolerance of Litopenaeus vannamei. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 65: 75-78.
- Meehan-Meola D, Alcivar-Warren A, Xu X, de La Pena L, Primavera J. 2005. Development of microsatellite genetic markers to assess ecological and genetic risks caused by the accidental release of transgenic shrimp, Penaeus vanamei and P. monodon. Book of Abstracts. World Aquaculture 2005, May 8-12, 2005, Bali, Indonesia. Abstr. # 863.
- Lawrence AL, Walker S, Brister J, Hicks D, Bray WA, Fox JM. 2004. Shrimp Chemoattraction and feeding stimulation: Methods, progress and significance. Proceedings, VII Simposium Internacionale de Nutricion Acuicola, Sonora, Mexico, p. 13.
- Mishra JK, Samocha TM, Patnaik, S, Gandy RL, Harisanto M, Mott JB, Branecky CA, Lawrence AL. 2005. Intensive nursery culture of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under biosecured and limited discharge in greenhouse-enclosed raceways. Proceedings, Aquaculture America 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana, January 17-20, 2005, p. 281.
- Moss DR, Otoshi CA, Moss SM. 2005. Evaluation of a simple method for size-sorting juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its usefulness to a selective breeding program. Abstract Book World Aquaculture 2005. World Aquaculture Society, Bali, Indonesia, p. 416.
- Moss KRK, Moss SM. 2004. Effects of artificial substrate and stocking density on the nursery production of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 35(4):536-542.
- Moss SM. 2004. Biotechnology in shrimp aquaculture: applications and experiences at the Oceanic Institute. 7th Asian Fisheries Forum 04 Abstracts, Penang, Malaysia, p. 175.
- Moss SM, Forster IP, Tacon AGJ. 2005. Sparing effect of pond water on vitamins in shrimp diets. Abstract Book World Aquaculture 2005. World Aquaculture Society, Bali, Indonesia, p. 415.
- Moss SM, Moss DR, Otoshi CA, Arce SM, Hennig OL. 2005. Evaluation of selectively bred Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: New challenges and opportunities. Aquaculture America 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana, p. 290.
- Nunan LM, Pantoja CR, Salazar M, Aranguren F, Lightner DV. 2004. Characterization and molecular methods for detection of a novel spiroplasma pathogenic to Penaeus vannamei. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 62: 255-264.
- Ostrowski AC, Alcivar-Warren A, Atwood H, Browdy C, Boopathy R, Lotz JM,. Lawrence AL, Lightner DV, Moss SM. 2005. Strategies and focus of the US Marine Shrimp Farming Program in a changing world market. Aquaculture America 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana, January 17-20, 2005. p. 308.
- Pantoja CR, Navarro SA, Mohney LL, Gonzalez-Alanis P, Lightner DV. Susceptibility of specific pathogen free (SPF) Litopenaeus vannamei to experimental infection with Vibrio penaeicida. Aquaculture America 2005. January 17-20, 2005. New Orleans, Louisiana. p. 311.
- Pantoja CR, Navarro SA, Naranjo J, Lightner DV, Gerba CP. 2004. Nonsusceptibility of Primate Cells to Taura Syndrome Virus. Emerging Infectious Diseases (CDC). 10 (12): 2106-2112.
- Panutrakul S, Alcivar-Warren A, Senanan W, Barnette P, Tangkrad-Olan N, Khamdech S, Kerdthong P. 2005. Heavy metals in wild banana prawn (Penaeus merguiensis De Man) from Chantaburi and Trat provinces of Thailand. Book of Abstracts. World Aquaculture 2005, May 8-12, 2005, Bali, Indonesia. Abstr. #865.
- Patnaik S, Samocha TM, Jeet KM, Harisanto M, Brock DL, Lawrence AL, Mott JB, Braneckey AC, Fox JM. 2005. Effect of three commercial shrimp diets (30
- Pinkas K, Moss DR, Otoshi CA, Sakuma M, Sarchet J, Whitehead C, Arce SM, Moss SM. 2005. Maturation, hatchery, and nursery performance of specific pathogen free Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in a biosecure nucleus breeding center. Aquaculture America 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana, p. 331.
- Reiman L, Torok T, Moss SM, Dixon B. 2005. Obligate anaerobic bacteria in the mid-and hindguts of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. In: R.C. Cipriano, I.S. Shchelkunov, and M. Faisal (eds.). Health and Diseases of Aquatic Organisms: Bilaterial perspectives. Michigan State University. East Lansing, Michigan. USA, pp. 122-134.
- Reville C, Al-Beik J, Meehan-Meola D, Xu Z, Goldsmith M, Rand W, Alcivar-Warren, A. 2005. White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in frozen shrimp sold at Massachusetts supermarkets. Journal of Shellfish Research 24:285-290.
- Robalino J, Browdy CL, Prior S, Metz A, Parnell P, Gross P, Warr G. 2004. Induction of anti-viral immunity by double-stranded RNA in a marine invertebrate. Journal of Virology 78:10442-10448.
- Rocha JL, Ciobanu D, Magrin J, Mileham A, Otoshi CA, Moss SM, Rothschild M, Kinghorn B, van der Steen H. 2005. Quantitative effects of DNA markers on shrimp growth. Aquaculture America 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana, p. 374.
- Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Jeet KM, Brock DL, Harisanto M, Lawrence AL, Mott JB, Braneckey AC, Fox JM. 2005. Effect of four commercial diets (30
- Samocha TM. 2005. Superintensive shrimp production technologies for nursery and grow-out of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Proceedings, 1st Korea-US seminar and workshop on sustainable marine shrimp culture challenges and opportunities for the future of marine shrimp farming. August 8-12, 2005, Incheon, Korea, p. 40.
- Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Gandy RL. 2005. Intensive production systems for Litopenaeus vannamei. Proceedings, Aquaculture America 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana, January 17-20, 2005, p. 415.
- Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Harisanto M. 2005. Oxygenation performance of AireO2 and paddlewheel aerators in lined shrimp ponds operated under limited discharge. Proceedings, Aquaculture America 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana, January 17-20, 2005, p. 389.
- Alcivar-Warren A, IMSEGI. 2005. The International Marine Shrimp Environmental Genomics Initiative (IMSEGI): Understanding Ecosystem, Animal and Public Health-Progress Report. Book of Abstracts. World Aquaculture 2005, May 8-12, 2005, Bali, Indonesia. Abstr. #868.
- Alcivar-Warren A, Meehan-Meola D, Xu Z, Wang Y, Guo X, Song L, Zhou L, Xiang J, Warren W, Zuniga G, Bell K. 2005b. ShrimpMap-A genetic map for the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei. 2005. Book of Abstracts. First International Cytogenetics and Genome Society Congress, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, June 14-19, 2005; p. 36.
- Alcivar-Warren A, Xu Z, Meehan-Meola D. 2005a. Shrimpmap: A microsatellite-based genetic linkage map to investigate the genetic architecture of fitness traits in the wild. Book of Abstracts. World Aquaculture 2005, May 8-12, 2005, Bali, Indonesia. Abstr. #869.
- Barnette P, Alcivar-Warren A, Senanan W, Tangkrad-Olan N, Chomsiri J. 2005. Viral disease prevalence in wild shrimp of Thailand. Book of Abstracts. World Aquaculture 2005, May 8-12, 2005, Bali, Indonesia. Abstr. #866.
- Beseres JJ, Lawrence AL, Feller RJ. 2005. Variation in fiber, protein and lipid content of shrimp feed-effects on gut-passage times measured in the field. Journal of Shellfish Research, 24(1), pp 301-308.
- Bradley-Dunlop DJ, Pantoja C, Lightner DV. 2004. Development of Monoclonal Antibodies for the Detection of Necrotizing Hepatopancreatitis in penaeid shrimp. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 60: 233-240.
- Browdy CL, Moss SM. 2005. Shrimp culture in urban, super-intensive closed systems. In: Urban Aquaculture (B. Costa-Pierce, A. Desbonnet, P. Edwards, D. Baker, eds.), CABI Publishing, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, pp. 173-186.
- Brown J, Camacho V, Alig F, Nelson S, Tang K, Lightner DV. Detection and origin of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) from an outbreak on Guam in 2004. World Aquaculture 2005. May 9-13, 2005. Bali, Indonesia. p. 99.
- Castille FC, Lawrence AL, Buisman P, Drost R. 2004. Effects of sterol supplements (cholesterol FG, cholesterol SF, and sterols M1M) on growth and survival of the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Proceedings, VII Simposium Internacionale de Nutricion Acuicola, Sonora, Mexico, p. 95.
- Cohen JM, Samocha TM, Fox JM, Gandy RL, Lawrence AL. 2005. Characterization of water quality factors during intensive raceway production of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei using limited discharge and biosecure management tools. Aquaculture Engineering 32, pp 425-442.
- Deoraj A, Miklica A, Trimboli A, Moss K, Abeydeera L, Stovall MA, Moss DR, Moss SM, van der Steen H. 2005. Current issues in shrimp triploidy induction. Aquaculture America 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana, p. 107.
- Divakaran S, Moss SM. 2004. In vitro evidence of laminarinase activity in the digestive gland of juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 35(4):546-550.
- Echevarria J, Alcivar-Warren A, Alvarado A. 2005. Total mercury in bass (Centropomus sp), black conch (Anadara tuberculosa), mangrove crab (Ucides occidentalis) and sediment from mangroves of Tumbes, Peru. Book of Abstracts. World Aquaculture 2005, May 8-12, 2005, Bali, Indonesia. Abstr. #872.
- Erickson HS, Poulos BT, Tang KFJ, Bradley-Dunlop D, Lightner DV. 2005. Taura Syndrome Virus from Belize represents a unique variant. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 64:91-98.
- Fox JM, Lawrence AL, Davis AL, Ricque-Marie D, Cruz-Suarez E, Siccardi III AJ, Samocha TM. 2005. Current status of phytase research on marine penaeid shrimp. Proceedings, World Aquaculture 2005, May 9-13, 2005, Bali, Indonesia, p. 199.
- Fox JM, Siccardi III AJ. 2004. Current status of protein:energy ratio research in penaeid shrimp nutrition. Proceedings, World Aquaculture 2004, March 1-5, Honolulu, Hawaii, p. 201.
- Gaines KL, Fox JM, Lawrence AL, Hasson K, Varner T, Lightner D, Larkin P, Gregg K, Mott J. A survey of Taura Syndrome Virus intermediate hosts in South Texas shrimp farms. Aquaculture America 2005. January 17-20, 2005. New Orleans, Louisiana. p. 141.
- Gong H, Jiang DH, Lawrence AL, Gonzalez-Felix ML, Perez-Velazquez M. 2004. Nuevo avances en el estudio de fosfolipids nutrimentales de camarone. Proceedings, Simposium Internacionale de Nutricion Acuicola, Sonora, Mexico, p 16.
- Hairgrove C, Lawrence AL, Fox JM. 2005. The effect of pellet water stability on chemoattraction of feeds to the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Proceedings, Aquaculture America 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana, January 17-20, 2005, p. 168.
- Jiang DH, Knap P, Kinghorn B, Otoshi CA, Moss SM, van der Steen H. 2005. Effect of genetic selection for growth rate on growth curve parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture America 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana, p. 195.
- Jiang DH, Otwell S, Rocha J, Moss SM, van der Steen H. 2005. Variability and correlation parameters for carcass and meat quality traits of Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture America 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana, p. 196.
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Progress 03/02/04 to 09/30/04
Outputs
The selective breeding program successfully produced and evaluated shrimp from its TSV-Resistant, Growth, Inbred, and Sentinel lines. This supports ongoing efforts to develop improved lines for industry and research use. Efforts to further elucidate the genetic basis and mechanisms of TSV resistance continued with identification of 12 expressed sequence tags (ESTs)associated with TSV susceptibility and 4 alleles associated with TSV resistance and susceptibility were identified in QTL resource mapping families. ESTs will be added to the linkage map that will be used to facilitate selection of TSV-resistant lines. Performance data from 1989-2004 were harmonized and linked to the computerized, pedigree/BLUP/REML system. About 60% of the data has been incorporated with over 90,000 individual records. This will provide a powerful tool for future selection efforts. Monoclonol antibodies were developed and licensed for rapid field diagnosis of NHP. Once developed in
commercial test kits, this will assist industry in preliminary identification of disease on the farm. A real-time PCR for diagnosis was developed for NHP, and quantitative estimates of virulence made. This will help determine ways to combat this disease. Research isolated, characterized, and developed diagnostic methods for Infectious myonecrotic virus (IMNV), currently isolated to Brazil. The identification of emerging diseases is important to help prevent and control diseases on domestic shrimp farms. The target animal safety report for oxytetracyline for treatment of NHP was completed. If the report is accepted, OTC will be the first antibiotic approved for use with shrimp by the FDA. A record 6.82 kg/m2 of 20.4g average animals was harvested in growout from prototype (282 m2) systems at WMC in only 113 days with 80% survival (stocked at 420 shrimp/m2). This aids in the development of alternative, superintensive production strategies for US farmers. Collaborative work between WMC
and NSU demonstrated that sludge volumes can be reduced by 21% with sequencing batch reactor treatment, and sludge salinity can be reduced to 1 ppt with only 3 washes. These results promise to significantly reduce waste and provide sludge recycling management strategies for pond and superintensive production systems. Collaborative research tested a commercial organic feed void of fishmeal and fish oil that yielded 16.0g shrimp (mean 2g/wk growth) at a feed conversion of 1.1 in replicate earthen ponds stocked at 25 shrimp/ m2. The development of organic feeds low in fishmeal and fishoil may provide a key market niche for domestic farmers to better compete with foreign imports. The breeding program produced and distributed 103,500 selected stocks and potential broodstock, and 1,051,000 Kona-line animals for growout to cooperating research, academic and industry partners. These efforts help support industry development. The USMSFP processed and reported over 350 disease diagnostic cases
for Consortium members, and the domestic and international shrimp aquaculture industry. This work helps protect farmed and native shrimp species from diseases both domestically and abroad.
Impacts
Research on genetic improvement of shrimp stocks, gene markers, disease diagnostics and control, low salinity culture, and high density, low water use production systems will result in the development of biologically, environmentally, and economically sustainable shrimp farming. The resulting technologies, products and services will make US shrimp farmers competitive in th world marketplace, nd ensure the safety and wholesomeness of the seafood supply for US consumers.
Publications
- Walker SJ, Brister JE, Bray WA, Fox JM, Hicks DW, Dunsford B, Lawrence AL. 2004. Evaluation and ranking of practical ingredients as chemoattractants in feeds for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 617.
- Walker SJ, Brister JE, Bray WA, Fox JM, Hicks DW, Dunsford B, Lawrence AL. 2004. Evaluation and ranking of low molecular weight compounds as chemoattractants in feeds for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 201.
- Wang Y, Guo X, Alcivar-Warren A, L. Zhou, J. Xiang. 2004. Localization of TAACC repeats to telomeres of Penaeus vannamei chromosomes by FISH. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 625.
- Xu Z., Alcivar J, Alcivar-Warren A. 2004. Transposable elements identified in the genome of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 657.
- Xu Z, Meehan D, Alcivar-Warren A. 2004. Mutation rates at 43 microsatellite loci in shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 394.
- Van der Steen H, Mileham A, Rocha JL, Jiang D, Deoraj A, Ciobanu D, Moss S. 2004. The role of genetic improvement in the development of a BioZEST system. Aquaculture 2004 Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 607.
- Vanpatten KA, Nunan LM, Poulos BT, Lightner DV. Birds as a mechanism of viral transmission of WSSV, TSV, YHV, and IHHNV: infectivity studies in Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 608.
- Vincent AG, Lotz, JM. 2004. Experimental infection of Litopenaeus vannamei by Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (NHP) via per os and injection exposure. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, Honolulu, Hawaii, March 1-5, 2004.
- McMahon DZ, Laramore R, Baca B, Samocha TM, Rogerson A, Mogollon M, Demicco E. 2004. Growth and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei fed varying levels of dietary cholesterol, replacement sterols and grapeseed oil. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 391.
- Montgomery-Brock D, Shimojo RY, Cochrane K, Bouthillette L, Poulos BT, Navarro SA, Lightner DV. 2004. Significant reduction in the replication rate of Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV) in Litopenaeus vannamei held in hyperthermic conditions. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 409.
- Moss DR, Arce SM, Otoshi CA, Doyle RW, Moss SM. 2004. Effects of inbreeding on Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 414.
- Moss DR, Rasher KA, Sakuma M, Lopiccolo DJ, Choo A, Moss KR, Sipes JM, Moss SM. 2004. Mixed-sex and monosex shrimp culture: exploring the effects of inter-gender competition for food. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 413.
- Moss SM. 2004. Biosecure, zero-exchange shrimp production technology (BioZEST): project overview. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 415.
- Moss SM, Alcivar-Warren A, Arce SM, Hennig OL, Lightner DV, Lotz JM, Moss DR, Otoshi CA. Evolution of the USMSFP's Shrimp Breeding Program: A 10-year retrospective and prognosis for the Future. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 414.
- Hennig OL, Arce SM, Keller K, Rasmussen L, White-Noble B, Lightner DV, Breland V, Lotz J, Moss SM. 2004. Production of a standard reference strain of shrimp for disease-related research. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 265.
- Henry A, Alcivar-Warren A. 2004. RAPD polymorphisms and trace metals in Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei broodstock from Ecuador and El Salvador. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 16.
- Khoii M, Xu Z, Meehan D, de la Pena L, Primavera J, Alcivar-Warren A. 2004. Association of disease prevalence and genetic differentiation in wild shrimp Penaeus monodon with the condition of mangrove forests and intensity of shrimp aquaculture. Book of Abstracts. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 657.
- Lawrence AL, Castille FL, Bray WA. 2004. Texas A&M University System Shrimp Nutrition and Feed Program - A decade of accomplishments. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 332.
- Lawrence AL, Walker SJ, Brister JE, Hicks D, Bray WA, Lee P. 2004. Shrimp chemoattraction and feeding stimulation: methods, progress and significance. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 332.
- Lightner DV. Biosecurity in Shrimp Farming: Pathogen Exclusion through use of SPF stock and Routine Disease Surveillance. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 354.
- Lightner DV, Pantoja CR. Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN): Current status report on the biology of the etiological agent and development of diagnostic methods. Feira Nacional do Camarao (FENACAM). February 3-7, 2004. Natal-RN, Brasil. p. 40.
- Lightner DV, Pantoja CR, Poulos BT, Tang KFJ, Redman RM, Andrade-Pasos T, Bonami JR. Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN): A new virus disease of Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 353.
- Lotz J, Browdy CL, Lightner DV. 2004. Advances in Epidemiology and Biosecurity of Penaeid Shrimp Diseases. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 360.
- Lotz JM, Flowers AM, Breland V. 2004. Relationship Between Viral Load and Transmission of Taura Syndrome Virus in Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society. Honolulu, Hawaii, March 1-5, 2004.
- Lu Y, Wang SY, Lotz JM. 2004. The use of differential display to isolate viral genomic sequence for rapid development of PCR-based detection methods. A test case using Taura syndrome virus. Journal of Virological Methods 121:107-114.
- McClennen C, Alcivar-Warren A, Moomaw W. 2004. The economic, environmental and technical implications of the White Spot Syndrome Virus on the development of Latin American shrimp farming. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 388.
- Gong H, Jiang DH, Lawrence AL. 2004. Phospholipids in shrimp nutrition: a review. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii, p. 230.
- Gong H, Jiang DH, Lightner DV, Collins C, Brock D. 2004. A dietary modification approach to improve the osmoregulatory capacity of Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in the Arizona desert. Aquaculture Nutrition 10: 227-236.
- Gonzalez ML, Perez-Velazquez M, Gatlin III DM, Lawrence AL. 2004. Evaluation of quantitative essential fatty acid requirements of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei in response to dietary lipid level. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii, p. 232.
- Handy M, Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Gandy RL, Robinson R, McKee DA. 2004. Intensive nursery of Litopenaeus vannamei with limited discharge using three methods for particulate matter removal. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii.
- McMahon DZ, Baca B, Samocha TM, Rogerson A, Mogollon M, Demicco E. 2004. Density vs. growth in outdoor production ponds culturing Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei within an inland shrimp farm in Florida, USA utilizing very low-salinity ground water and zero discharge. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 391.
- McMahon DZ, Baca B, Samocha TM, Rogerson A, Mogollon M, Demicco E. 2004. Production results from Phase III development of the first commercial scale inland shrimp farm in Florida, USA culturing Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei utilizing very low-salinity ground water. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 391.
- Castille FL, Lawrence AL, Buisman P, Drost R. 2004. Effects of sterol supplements (cholesterol FG, cholesterol SF and sterols M1M) on growth and survival of the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 95.
- Alcivar-Warren A, Xu Z, Keating J, Henry R, Khoii M, Reville C, Aveiga F, Moomaw W, McClennen C, Rand W, Epsteim PR, Echevarria J, Alvarado A, Zamora C, Serrano C, Valarezo C, Abarca E, Saavedra M, Alcivar L, Alcivar M, Coimbra MR, Xiang J. 2004. International Marine Shrimp Environmental Genomics Initiative (IMSEGI): Monitoring Ecosystem, Animal and Public Health. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 15.
- Alcivar-Warren A. 2004. Development and application of molecular tools for genome research in shrimp. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 15.
- Alcivar-Warren, A., Meehan D, Xu Z. 2004. A transcript map for shrimp (ShrimpMap): mapping ESTs isolated from Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei challenged with TSV and WSSV. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 14.
- Arce SM, Pantoja CR, Nunan LM, Redman RM, White-Noble B, Hennig OL, Lightner DV, Moss SM. Establishment of specific pathogen free (SPF) penaeid shrimp: evolving strategies for a dynamic process. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 29.
- Azam F, Verner-Jeffreys D, Basilio B, Malfatti F, Moss SM. 2004. Importance of microbial ecology in managing a biosecure, zero-exchange shrimp technology (BioZEST) system. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 36.
- Belmonte L, Meehan D, Xu Z, Argue B, Calderon F, Arce S, Moss D, Breland V, Lotz J, Moss S, Alcivar-Warren A. 2004. Toward marker-assisted selection: development of genomic resources to map QTL(s) associated with resistance of Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei to a laboratory challenge with Taura Syndrome Virus. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, Honolulu, Hawaii, March 1-5, 2004. p. 51.
- Boopathy R, Fontenot Q, Kilgen M. Use of Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) for the Treatment of Shrimp Aquaculture Wastewater. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 62.
- Bradley-Dunlop DJ, Pantoja C, Lightner DV, Poulos BT. 2004. Development of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of Necrotizing Hepatopancreatitis in penaeid shrimp. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 481.
- Bray WA, Lester LJ, Lawrence AL, Moss SM. 2004. Evaluation of growth at low temperature as a characteristic for selective breeding in domesticated populations of the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 67.
- Brister JE, Walker SJ, Bray WA, Fox JM, Hicks DW, Lawrence AL, Dunsford BR. 2004. A quantitative method of evaluating feed consumption by Litopenaeus vannamei in feed attraction studies. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 71.
- Bullis RA, Davis DA, Samocha TM, Patnaik S. 2004. Organic strategies for fishmeal and fish oil replacement. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 78.
- Calderon FRO, Imai DM, Arce SM, Argue BJ, Moss SM. 2004. Performance of larval and postlarval Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) fed two commercial liquid diet supplements. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 15(3/4):21-36.
- Castille FL, Lawrence AL. 2004. Effect of reducing stocking density (partial harvest) on growth, survival and harvest biomass of the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 96.
- Chayanburakul K, Lightner DV, Flegel TW, Sriurairattana S, Withyachumnarnkul B. Different cellular responses to an infection by Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) in Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 100.
- Chiou P, Khoo K, Chen M, Moss D, Rasher K, Moss S, Leong J, Chen TT. 2004. Application of transgenic technology to develop strains of finfish and crustaceans resistant to infection by microbial pathogens. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 102.
- Cuzon G, Lawrence AL, Gaxiola G, Rosas C, Guillaume J. 2004. Nutrition of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in tanks or in ponds. Aquaculture 235 (2004): 513-551.
- Divakaran S, Moss SM. 2004. In vitro evidence of laminarinase activity in the digestive gland of juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 35(4).
- Dixon BA, Reiman L, Torok T, Moss S. 2004. Possible role of the enzymes produced by the intestinal obligate anaerobic microflora isolated from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii, p. 167.
- Fox JM, Lawrence AL, Brister JE, Walker SJ. 2004. Low and reduced input aquaculture: the role of chemoattraction in aquatic feed management. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii, p. 201.
- Fox JM, Siccardi AJ, Lawrence AL. 2004. Current status of protein:energy ratio research in penaeid shrimp nutrition. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii, p. 201.
- Gandy R, Samocha TM. 2004. Potential of farm raised bait shrimp to bring new revenues to texas shrimp farms. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii, p. 210.
- Gandy R, Samocha TM, Masser MP, Gatlin III DM, Fox JM, Ali AS, Speed MF. 2004. Production of Farfantepenaeus aztecus postlarvae under closed recirculating and multiple water reuse conditions. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii, p. 211.
- Garcia DK, Alcivar-Warren A. 2004. Thirty five new polymorphic microsatellite markers for mapping the genome of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii, p. 14.
- Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Horowitz A, Horowitz S. 2004. The effect of different synthetic polymer liners on growth, survival and selected water quality Indicators in tank-system stocked with Litopenaeus vannamei under limited discharge and in the presence of natural productivity. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 521.
- Siccardi III AJ, Fox JM, Lawrence AL, Samocha TM, Davis DA. 2004. Effect of phytase on phosphorus digestibility and growth of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed phosphorus limited feeds. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 540.
- Moss SM, Arce SM, Hennig OL, Moss DR, Otoshi CA. 2004. Shrimp research activities at the Oceanic Institute. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 415.
- Navarro SA, Pantoja CR, Lightner DV, Naranjo J. Non-susceptibility of Three Mammalian Cell Lines to Infection by Taura Syndrome Virus of Penaeid Shrimp. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 425.
- Nunan LM, Pantoja C, Lightner DV. Characterization of a Novel Spiroplasma Pathogenic to Litopenaeus vannamei and Molecular Methods for the Detection of the Organism. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 436.
- Nunan LM, Tang-Nelson K, Lightner DV. 2004. Real-time RT-PCR determination of viral copy number in Penaeus vannamei experimentally infected with Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV). Aquaculture 229: 1-10.
- Otoshi CA, Matsuda EM, Hagino GT, Whitehead CD, Lopiccolo DJ, Moss SM. 2004. Production of market-sized Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in super-intensive, recirculating aquaculture systems. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004. Honolulu, Hawaii, p. 449.
- Perez-Velazquez M, Gonzalez-Felix ML, Lawrence AL, Gatlin III DM. 2004. Reproductive quality of male Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock fed various levels of cholesterol and phospholipids. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004. Honolulu, Hawaii, p. 463.
- Reville C, Al-Beik J, Meehan D, Xu Z, Goldsmith M, Rand W, Alcivar-Warren A. 2004. Monitoring diseases and chemical pollutants in imported shrimp: Preliminary Results. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004. Honolulu, Hawaii, p. 496.
- Robalino J, Browdy CL, Prior S, Metz A, Parnell P, Gross P, Warr G. 2004. Induction of antiviral immunity by double stranded RNA in a marine invertebrate. Journal of Virology 78(19):10442-10448.
- Rocha JL, Moss S, Otoshi C, Bastiaansen J, Jiang D, Kinghorn B, Moss D, van der Steen H. 2004. Family genetic merit by stocking density interactions for growth and survival in Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 504.
- Samocha TM, Lawrence AL, Collins CA, Castille FL, Bray WA, Davies CJ, Lee PG, Wood GF. 2004. Production of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in high-density greenhouse-enclosed raceways using low salinity groundwater. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 15 (3/4):1-19.
- Samocha TM, Lopez IM, Jones ER, Jackson S, Lawrence AL, Sharma VK. 2004. Characterization of shrimp farms' effluent water and the effect on receiving water. Aquaculture Research 35:321-339.
- Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Gandy RL, Brock DL, Lawrence AL. 2004. A comparison of two commercial diets with 30
- Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Gandy RL, Brock DL, Lawrence AL. 2004. A comparison of two commercial diets (30
- Smith F, Lawrence AL, Fox JM. 2004. Development of a fishmeal substitute diet for growth and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 551.
- Steinberg L, Xu Z, Meehan D, Moss D, Moss S, Alcivar-Warren A. 2004. Genetic diversity and pedigree tracking of a new low salinity line of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei using microsatellite genetic markers. Aquaculture 2004 Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 559.
- Tang K, Poulos BT, Lightner DV. Genetic variation between isolates of Taura Syndrome Virus from Different Geographical Regions. Book of Abstracts - Aquaculture 2004. World Aquaculture Society, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii. p. 576.
- Tang KFJ, Wang J, Lightner DV. 2004. Quantitation of Taura Syndrome Virus by real-time RT-PCR with a TaqMan assay. Journal of Virological Methods 115: 109-114.
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