Progress 08/01/04 to 07/31/06
Outputs
The overall objective of the Southwest Potato Breeding and Cultivar Development project is to develop and evaluate improved potato cultivars that meet the unique production, marketing, environmental, and consumer needs of the Southwest. Southwest potato breeding programs in Colorado and Texas, crossed 233 parents which resulted in approximately 629 families in 2005 and 2006. The emphases of the crossing blocks was russet, red, and specialty cultivar development, PVY immunity, nematode resistance, and late blight resistance. A total of 130,284 first year seedling tubers were produced for field selection in 2006 and 2007. These seedlings represented crosses segregating primarily for russets, reds, chippers, specialty types (including colored flesh), and disease resistance/immunity (late blight, PLRV, and PVY). Some 326,190 single hills representing 2,129 parental combinations were grown for selection, with 1,985 original selections made in 2005 and 2006 for subsequent
planting, evaluation, and increase in future years. Some 178,297 seedlings tubers were shared with programs outside of the Southwest. More than 110 individual cultivar trials were conducted throughout California, Colorado, and Texas with trials in the ground every month of the year. The Southwestern Regional Trials in 2005 and 2006 included a total of 18 russet, 7 red, 16 specialty, and 5 chip selections in five locations each year. Several selections were advanced to Western Regional Trials. Advanced selections and new cultivars were evaluated on grower fields and in cultural management studies. These trials helped determine cultural practices for successful sustainable and economic production of advanced clonal selections and newly released cultivars, which optimize their genetic potential, while minimizing economic inputs and environmental impact. These trials assessed essential information on yield, tuber size distribution, internal and external tuber defects, and tuber specific
gravity, as influenced by plant spacing, N fertilization rate, N application timing, vine kill timing, regulation of stem numbers to define tuber size profile, effect of inoculating potatoes seed pieces with mycorrhizae, and spraying esters of 2,4-D to enhance the skin color of red potatoes.
Impacts
More than 25 new cultivars have been developed/codeveloped and released since the Potato Breeding and Cultivar Development in the Southwest project was initially funded in 1997. Of all newly released cultivars accepted for certification in the US in 2006, those developed by the Southwestern Regional Potato Cultivar Development Project since 1997 comprise the greatest percent of the acreage - more than any other region. This is due in large part to the highly successful Russet Norkotah line selections, developed by the Texas and Colorado programs, which in 2006 comprised about 58% of the total Russet Norkotah acreage (including selections) accepted for certification in the United States. Collectively these selections represent the second most popular cultivar grown in the US behind only Russet Burbank. In 2006, the majority of Russet Norkotah seed acreage in Colorado (98%) was planted to one of the Colorado or Texas selections. In California and Colorado, the majority
of commercial acreage planted in 2006 was to these selections, rather than 'standard' Russet Norkotah. For Colorado, this amounted to 87% of the commercial acreage. Virtually all of the Texas russet acreage since 1999 has been planted to the improved Texas Russet Norkotah selections. Of the top 10 russet cultivars produced for seed in the US in 2006, three were developed by the Colorado program (Russet Norkotah Selection 3, Russet Norkotah Selection 8, and Rio Grande Russet).
Publications
- Essah, S. Y. C., Holm, D. G., Davidson, R. D.. 2006. In-season nitrogen management for improved yield and quality of two potato cultivars. In Proceedings [CD-ROM]. World Potato Congress, Boise, ID.
- Holm, D. G. and Naranjo, P. F. 2006. 2005 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and III). 96pp.
- Miller, J. C., Jr., Koym, J. W., Scheuring, D. C., Miller, J. P., Nunez J., Carlson, H., Kirby, D. W., Holm, D. G., and Naranjo, P. 2006. Southwest Regional Potato Variety Trial Report 2005. Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta., College Station and Lubbock. 23p.
- Alenazi, M. M., Hughes, H. G., Stushnoff, C. and Holm, D. G. 2006. Influence of storage temperature and time in storage on pigment content of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). HortScience, 41:1014. (Abstract).
- Essah, S. Y. C., Holm, D. G., Davidson, R. D.. 2006. Yield and skin color response of Colorado red potatoes to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid application. Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America, VI International Solanaceae Conference, and Solanaceae Genomics Network, Madison, Wisconsin. (Abstract).
- Essah, S. Y. C., Holm, D. G., and Davidson, R. D. 2006. Timing vine desiccation to optimize yield, tuber size distribution, and quality of two Colorado russet potatoes. Annual Meeting of the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Indianapolis, Indiana. (Abstract). [CD-ROM].
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
The overall objective of the Southwest Potato Breeding and Cultivar Development project is to develop and evaluate improved potato cultivars that meet the unique production, marketing, environmental, and consumer needs of the Southwest. The Colorado Potato Breeding and Cultivar Development Program intercrossed one hundred parental clones in 2005 in two separate crossing blocks. The emphasis of the first crossing block was specialty cultivar development and PVY and late blight resistance. The second emphasized russets, reds, specialty, and PVY immunity. Seed from 279 combinations was obtained. Approximately 56,302 seedling tubers representing 219 families were produced from 2003 and 2004 crosses, for initial field selection in 2006. These seedlings represent crosses segregating primarily for russet, reds, chippers, specialty types, and disease resistance/immunity (late blight, PLRV, and PVY). Colorado grew 85,007 first-year seedlings in 2005, with 848 selected for
subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase in future years. The Texas Potato Cultivar Development Program intercrossed 17 clones to produce 39 families in 2005. The emphasis of the crossing block was on colored flesh. In 2005, 5,361 seedling tubers were produced in the greenhouse from true potato seed. Texas grew 83,350 first year seedlings for selection resulting from 677 parental combinations. Three hundred sixty-eight original selections were made for further evaluation. The Southwestern Regional Trials were grown in 5 locations and included 16 selections (7 russets, 3 chippers, and 6 specialties) and appropriate check cultivars. Colorado and Texas entered 6 russets, 1 red, 2 chippers, and 7 specialty selections in the Western Regional Trials. In Colorado, horticultural evaluations were conducted on 28 potato selections in 14 trials at 5 locations. Tests included 11 russets, 4 reds, 3 round whites, and 10 specialty types. Additionally early generation lines were evaluated on
grower fields. These trials assessed essential information on yield, tuber size distribution, internal and external tuber defects, and tuber specific gravity, as influenced by plant spacing, N fertilization rate, N application timing, vine kill timing, regulation of stem numbers to define tuber size profile, and spraying esters of 2,4-D to enhance the skin color of red potatoes. In California, an increased emphasis was placed upon cultural management of new and near-release potato varieties. Trials were conduced to determine optimum planting densities for six russet skinned varieties and for six specialty cultivars. Another management trial was conducted to evaluate optimum nitrogen fertilizer application rates under Tulelake conditions for 6 new russet varieties. In total 320, potato yield plots were harvested and graded for size and quality from the Tulelake management studies. Preliminary trials in Kern County have shown that inoculating potatoes seed pieces with mycorrhizae can
affect growth of the plant. Some varieties responded with an increase in yield while other varieties did not have a change in yield.
Impacts
Of the cultivars released since 1990 by the potato breeding programs in the U.S., those developed by the Colorado and Texas programs ranked first and second, respectively, nationally in total acreage approved for seed certification in 2005. Currently several advanced selections have been released for grower evaluation. These include 5 from Texas and 10 from Colorado. Many of these selections are undergoing final stages of grower evaluation prior to naming. Recently named cultivars include Rio Grande Russet (AC89536-5RU), Colorado Rose (CO89097-2R ), Mountain Rose (CO94183-1R/R), and Purple Majesty (CO94165-3P/P). The following selections will be named in the near future. NDTX4304-1R (Rio Rojo), is a high-yielding, early-maturing selection with dark red skin color and smooth, attractive tubers. AC92009-4RU is a fresh market russet selection with excellent tuber type and a long dormancy. NDC5281-2R, is an early-maturing selection with bright red skin a high percentage
of B sized tubers.
Publications
- Essah, S.Y.C. 2005. Impact of vine kill timing on yield, tuber size distribution and quality of two red potatoes. Colorado Spud Items. 2(3):4.
- Essah, S.Y.C. 2005. Influence of nitrogen rate on yield and quality of colored-flesh potatoes. Colorado Spud Items. 2(1):5.
- Essah, S.Y.C., Holm, D.G., and Davidson, R.D. 2005. Timing vine kill to manipulate yield, tuber size distribution and quality of two red potatoes. Annual meetings of the Potato Association of America. July 17-21, 2005. Calgary, Alberta, Canada. [Abstract].
- Essah, S.Y.C., Delgado, J.A., Holm, D.G. and Davidson, R.D. 2005. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and quality of Colorado russet potato lines. In Annual Meetings Abstract [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Nov. 6-10. Salt Lake City, UT.
- Holm, D. G. and Naranjo, P. F. 2005. 2004 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to Research Committee of the Colorado Potato Administrative Committee (Area II) and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area III). 93pp. (Unpub).
- Miller, J.C., Jr., Scheuring, D.C., Koym, J.W., and Holm, D.G. 2005. TX1523-1Ru/Y a.k.a. Sierra Gold: An early maturing yellow flesh Russet cultivar for the specialty market. Amer. J. Potato Res. 82:369-377.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
The overall objective of the Southwest Potato Breeding and Cultivar Development project is to develop and evaluate improved potato cultivars that meet the unique production, marketing, environmental, and consumer needs of the Southwest. The Colorado Potato Breeding and Cultivar Development Program intercrossed one hundred parental clones in 2004 in two separate crossing blocks. The emphasis of the first crossing block was specialty cultivar development and the second emphasized russets, reds, specialty, and PVY immunity. Seed from 428 combinations was obtained. Approximately 65,000 seedling tubers representing 235 families were produced from 2003 and 2004 crosses, for initial field selection in 2005. These seedlings represent crosses segregating primarily for russets, reds, chippers, specialty types, and disease resistance/immunity (late blight, PLRV, and PVY). Colorado grew 79,334 first-year seedlings in 2004, with 549 selected for subsequent planting, evaluation,
and increase in future years. The Texas Potato Cultivar Development Program intercrossed 19 clones to produce 22 families in 2004. The emphasis of the crossing block was on colored flesh. In 2004, 15,688 seedling tubers were produced in the greenhouse from true potato seed. Texas grew 107,538 first year seedlings for selection resulting from 691 parental combinations. Three hundred ninety-eight selections were made for further evaluation. The Southwestern Regional Trials were grown in 5 locations and included 11 selections (7 russets, 1 chipper, and 3 specialties) and appropriate check cultivars. Colorado and Texas entered 7 russets, 3 reds, 1 chipper, and 7 specialty selections in the Western Regional Trials. California completed a study that assessed the effect of location, cultivar, and postharvest light exposure on glycoalkaloids and chlorophyll content. Significant interactions among locations, varieties, and light exposure exist for the accumulation of glycoalkaloids and
chlorophyll. Another California study evaluated two standard varieties and eight new varieties or selections using high plant density techniques for the production of small, baby or salad potatoes. Four of the new lines showed great promise for the production of baby potatoes. Postharvest and culinary evaluations of these new lines is in progress. Horticultural evaluations were conducted on 30 potato clones in 11 trials at 5 locations in Colorado. Tests included 14 russet, 5 red, 3 chipper, and 8 specialty selections. These trials assessed information on yield, tuber size distribution, tuber defects, specific gravity, plant spacing, nitrogen fertilization rate, vine killing and harvest date, regulation of stem numbers to define tuber size profile, and metribuzin susceptibility. In Texas, cultivar specific fertility management studies were conducted with 5 advanced selections and 3 check cultivars and 4 N rates. In addition to yield distribution, green vegetative index, chlorophyll
meter readings, and petiole nitrate analysis were employed in this study. Important antioxidant compounds of potato were identified, as were parents for breeding for enhanced levels of these compounds.
Impacts
Currently this program has 7 russet, 6 red, 2 chipper, and 4 specialty advanced selections undergoing grower evaluation. Advanced selections/recent releases undergoing commercialization include AC89536-5RU (Rio Grande Russet) and CO89097-2R (Colorado Rose). Exclusive release or public release for BC0894-2W, CO85026-4RU (Fremont Russet), and CO86218-2R (Durango Red) is being evaluated. Two selections showing potential for naming include CO94165-3P/P and CO94183-1R/R. Both of these specialty selections have colored flesh. PVP was granted for Russet Norkotah 296 and is pending for Keystone Russet, Silverton Russet, and TX1523-1RU/Y (Sierra Gold). TX1523-1RU/Y is the first yellow flesh russet specialty cultivar known to have been developed in the US. Demand for it in the specialty/gourmet trade continues to exceed production. A Plant Breeders' Rights Certificate was granted in Canada for Russet Norkotah 112 in 2004. Information obtained from the various management studies
were used to develop production guidelines for 2 recently named cultivars and 2 soon to be released cultivars. This will help growers of new cultivars to increase profits.
Publications
- Johnstone, M. R., Voss, R. E., and Phillips, H. W. 2004. The response of California-grown Russet Norkotah potatoes and its strains to N fertilization. In Proceedings, International Society for Horticultural Science Conference on Root and Tuber Crops. New Zealand. February, 2004. 9 pp.
- Essah, S. Y. C. 2004. Yield and quality of two red potatoes in the San Luis Valley: Influence of nitrogen rate and seed piece spacing. Pomme de terre. 10:7-8.
- Essah, S. Y. C., Delgado, J. A., and Holm, D. G. 2004. Dry matter accumulation, partitioning, and leaf area duration in two Colorado red potatoes: Influence of nitrogen application rate. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Oct. 31-Nov. 4, 2004. Seattle, WA.
- Essah, S. Y. C., Holm, D. G. and Delgado, J. A. 2004. Yield and quality of two U. S. Red Potatoes: Influence of nitrogen rate and plant population. Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress. p. 186. (Abstr.)
- Essah, S. Y. C., and Honeycutt, C. W. 2004. Tillage and seed-sprouting strategies to improve potato yield and quality in short season climates. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:177-186.
- Halloran, J. M., Essah, S. Y. C., and Honeycutt, C. W. 2004. An economic analysis of green sprouted seeds, alternate bed construction, and tillage systems for potatoes. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Oct. 31-Nov. 4, 2004. Seattle, WA.
- Holm, D. G., Davidson, R. D., and Essah, S. Y. C. 2004. Colorado Rose: A new high yielding red. Colorado SpudItems. 1(3):5.
- Holm, D. G., Davidson, R. D., and Essah, S. Y. C. 2004. Rio Grande Russet: A new high quality fresh market russet. Colorado SpudItems. 1(2):5.
- Holm, D. G. and Naranjo, P. F. 2004. 2003 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and III). 93pp. (Unpub).
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