Progress 03/01/04 to 02/28/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Chicken litter can be used to reduce nematodes, to raise hay, and used a source of nitrogen to raise cotton both in the conventional and non-tillage systems. Sunflowers, zinnias, and celosia can be grown and marketed in Mississippi. The anti-cancer agent podophyllotoxin can be produced in Mayapple and Red Cedar and it appears that the lack of shade over the Mayapples increases podophyllotoxin production. Lycopene production is being optimized in tomatoes grown in Mississippi. These uses of kenaf, flowers, chicken litter, and other alternative or medicinal crops can be valuable resources for the Mississippi farmers looking for additional cash crops. A marinate solution and pre-cooking technique has been developed for beef pot roast and this system appears to have some commercial applications. Winter Rose poinsettias have been found to have a longer vase life, approximately two weeks or more, than most other cultivars thus, broken poinsettias or culled potted poinsettias have a good potential for sale as cut flower arrangements. It was also determined that consumers could be willing to pay up to $14.00 for a six stem arrangement, therefore, this finding may add significant income to floriculture producers in Mississippi. A diet supplement of ground soybeans fed to gilts resulted in an advancement of 20 - 25 days in the onset of estrus. This is an economically effective way to advance puberty while increasing the productivity of swine producers and an alternative market for soybean producers. Chicken litter applied to no-till and tilled cotton production resulted in the same or higher yields per acre, while the differences were not big, but the fact that a use for the waste product has been verified is significant. While analyzing tomatoes for lycopene concentration, two analytical procedures have been developed and/or refined that led to more rapid and lower cost alternatives than previously used. Pond-raised channel catfish were fed diets that were amended with specially processed and refined menhaden fish oil to boost the omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) content of the fillets. Keeping the level of added fish oil to about 2.0 to 2.5%, the level of omega-3 HUFA content of fillets can be increased to at least 7.2% of total lipid content without affecting the traditional mild flavor of the catfish fillets. Consumption of 200 grams of fillet having 7.2% omega-3 HUFA and containing 6.9% total lipid can provide about one gram of omega-3 HUFA to one's normal diet. Gilts fed raw soybean meal showed 30% percent more first estrus within 14 days of initial exposure to the boar than those fed soybean meal. While conception rates were higher in the soybean meal fed gilts, the resorption rate of embryos was also higher than the raw soybean meal fed gilts. Utilizing rice flour in the production of gluten-free chicken nuggets were acceptable in sensory testing and can be consumed by individuals that have been diagnosed with celiac disease. Low-fat frankfurters were produced with rice starch and showed to potential to improve product quality by improving yields. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
A Texas based company has licensed the kenaf decorticator and the kenaf low density board patent. They are also setting up a company in the Mississippi Delta to utilize both technologies. The new kenaf variety "Whitten" has been increased by a seed company in Mexico. The Swine Odor Reduction System (SORBS) has been tested and proven at a commercial swine farm and is ready for production, two several companies have inquired about the patent for this system. A company is currently pursuing the technology for producing soilless sod which is produced using a mat made from woven kenaf bast fibers. Several Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES) bulletins have been written and distributed to producers and extension personnel. The potting media formulation was published in a trade journal for producers to utilize. We are also currently working with both agricultural and environmental companies that are interested in the kenaf bio-filtration work. The pre-cooked pot roast project has being taken to a commercial meat packing company and they seem to be interested in the marination and pre-cooking techniques.
Publications
- Baldwin, Brian S. and Robert D. Cossar. 2008. Castor yield in response to planting date at four locations in the South-Central United States. Journal of Industrial Crops and Products, pp. 4, October.
- Kitchens, S. C. An Integrated Subterranean Termite Management System Coupling Soil Amments with Insect Repellent Plant Tissues. 2008. A dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Doctor of Philosophy in Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, May 2008.
- Zhang, L., and Kyei-Boahen, S. 2007. Growth and yield of vegetable soybean (Edamame) in Mississippi. HortTechnology: 17(1):006-011.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Irrigated soybeans held seeds longer than non-irrigated soybeans within four weeks; however, seed shattering became greater after four weeks. Comparing early and late-planted soybeans on the irrigated field, the later pods held seeds better within the same period after maturity (up to six weeks or longer).Late matured seeds tended to have better resistance to shattering, which is most likely due to lower temperatures after late September. Based on the number of flowers per plant, flower stem length, inflorescence diameter, inflorescence color and post harvest longevity, limelight is considered the best performance cultivar among all the ten cultivars evaluated. Limelight hydrangea has long, strong and straight stems and average vase life of limelight is seven days. In a litter rate study, results suggest that preplant litter should be applied alone at about 3 tons/ac. A side-dress application of UAN fertilizer should be included in a fertilizer management system with
preplant litter at rates lower than 3 tons/ac. In no-tillage and conventional tillage studies, lint yield of cotton treated with poultry litter was equal to or greater than the standard UAN treatment at 90 lb N/ac. Lint yield was highest with incorporated litter at 3.67 tons/ac. High-podophyllotoxin accessions of American mayaple and Eastern red cedar were identified, and the mayapple accessions were further tested for variety development. A database of available germplasm of American mayapple (P. peltatum) and Eastern red cedar (J. virginiana) in the US were generated, to be used by plant breeders and herbarium curators. This project contributed to the development of high-podophyllotoxin containing varieties of American mayapple and to the development of new alternative crop for farmers in the southeastern US. Research is needed to select the cultivars appropriate for Mississippi's growing conditions and market demand, and optimize production techniques for new and existing
cultivars. A fertilization study was conducted to evaluate whether nitrogen status influences hydrangea plant growth and flowering performance. Plants grown with 15 and 20 mM nitrogen had the greatest growth (total plant biomass, height), flowering (number of flowers, flower size), and leaf quality (leaf area, chlorophyll content). Spraying leaves of hydrangea with urea prior to defoliation also increased plant growth, flowering, and leaf quality the following growing season. Raw soybeans are known to contain a factor that inhibits enterokinase activation of trypsin in the small intestine which is essential for protein digestion and hence nutrient absorption in pigs. The most notable outcome observed was the advancement of the onset of puberty in RSB-fed gilts of which 70% showed first estrus within two weeks of exposure to a mature boar compared to 30% of SBM-fed gilts. There were no significant differences in litter size, live birth rates or numbers of baby pigs at weaning (28 days
post-partum). Evaluation of carcass traits found no detrimental effects on feeding gilts a raw-soybean diet. Thus raw soybeans can be used safely as the protein supplement in the diets of pre-pubertal and gestating gilts.
PARTICIPANTS: Mark W. Shankle, Associate Research Professor, Mississippi State University, Pontotoc Ridge-Flatwoods Branch, Pontotoc, MS Crofton Sloan, Assistant Research Professor, North Mississippi Research & Extension Center Mississippi State University, Verona, MS Lingxiao (Ling) Zhang, Associate Research Professor, Delta Research and Extension Center Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS Valtcho Jeliazkov, Assistant Research Professor, Mississippi State University, North MS Research & Ext Center, Verona, MS Guihong Bi, Assistant Research Professor, Truck Crops Branch Experiment Station, Crystal Springs, MS Peter Ryan, Associate Professor, Animal and Dairy Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
TARGET AUDIENCES: n/a
PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: N/A
Impacts
Information from preliminary results of the shattering study indicated that soybean farmers should harvest their beans within four weeks of maturity, especially for non-irrigated soybeans. It indicated that a timely soybean harvest would result in a savings of 20 percent or more. This information will provide important guidelines for soybean growers to manage their soybean harvest and obtain maximum profits. Cut flowers also appear to have a place in the market for Mississippi producers. Fresh and dried cut flowers from hydrangeas are a potential alternative source of income and could create specialty-niche markets for Mississippi growers. Raw soybeans are known to contain a factor that inhibits enterokinase activation of trypsin in the small intestine which is essential for protein digestion and hence nutrient absorption in pigs. All of these findings should help Southeastern and Mississippi producers
Publications
- Sykes D, Necaise K, Brookshire W, Gerard P, Cunningham F, Crenshaw M, Ryan P. 2007. Effect of a Ground Raw Soybean Diet on Reproductive Performance in Gilts. ASAS, San Antonio, TX, July 8-12.
- Avula B., Smille T., Zheljazkov V. D., Maddox V. M., Jones, M.P.A., Moraes, R., and Khan, I. 2007. Time of Light mass Spectrometry Applied to the Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Lignans in Podophyllym Peltatum Sample Collect at Different Regions un USA. Sixth Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals. April 30-May 3, Oxford, MS.
- Zhang. L. X., Boahen, S. K., Zhang, J., Zhang, M. H., Freeland, B., Watson, C. E. Watson and Liu, X. M. 2007. Modifications of Optimum Adaptation Zones for Soybean Maturity Groups in the USA. Online. Crop Management doi:10.1094/CM-2007-0927-01-RS.
- Zhang, L.X. and Boahen, S. K. 2007. Growth and Economic Return of Vegetable Soybeans (Edamame) in Mississippi. HortTechnology. 17: 26-31.
- White, B., Boykin,F., Burgess, B., Rowe, D., Johnson, B., Larson, E., Soignier, S., Smith, A., Smith, B., Singleton, J., and Zhang, L X. 2007. Mississippi Wheat and Oat Variety Trials, 2007. Misissippi Agric. and For. Exp. Stn. Inf. Bull. 437.
- Zhang, L. X., Zhang, M. H., Zhang, J., Kyei-Boahen, S., Freeland, T.B. and Watson, C.E., Jr. 2007. Application of GIS on Map Creation For Optimum Adaptation Zone of Soybean Maturity Groups in the USA. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA. Nov. 4-8.
- Zhang, L. X, Kyei-Boahen, S., and Moore, S. 2007. Effects of March-planting on Physiological Performance and Yield Potential of MG III Soybeans Growing in the Midsouth. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA. Nov. 4-8.
- Kyei-Boahen, S. and Zhang L. X. 2007. Cultivar, Planting Date, and Seeding Rate Effects on Soybean Growth and Yield. 2007. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA. Nov. 4-8.
- Zhang, L. X. 2007. Critical Shattering Period of MG IV Soybeans Under Early Planting System in Mississippi. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Southern Branch Meeting, Mobile, AL. Jan. 30-Feb. 2.
- Sloan, R.C. and Harkness. S. S. Hybrid Lily Cut Flower Research in Mississippi. 2007. Proc. SNA Res. Conf. 51:666-670.
- Johnson, K., Tatum, D., Coker, C., Matta, F., Hood, K., Sloan, C., and Wells. W. 2007. Photoperiod Induction, Mulch and Row Cover Effects on Fresh Cut Flower Production of Rudbeckia Hirta L. Irish Spring. Proc. SNA Res. Conf. 51:644-647.
- Sloan, R. C. and Harkness, S. S. 2007. Pollen-free Sunflower Cultivars That Make the Cut. The Cut Flower Quarterly. 19(3):18.
- Bi, G. and Scagel, C.F. 2007. Nitrogen Foliar Feeding Has Advantages. Nursery Management & Production. 23: 43-46.
- Sloan, C. 2007. Field performance of Romantica rose cultivars. Oral presentation. Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, August.
- Harkness, S.S. and Sloan, R.C. 2007. Evaluation of Planting Date of Snapdragon and Delphinium for Fresh Cut Flower Production. Poster. Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, August 2007.
- Zheljazkov, V.D., Avula, B., Maddox, V.M., Jones, M.P.A., Moraes, R and Khan, I. 2007, Bioprospecting of American Mayapple. SAAS and Annual Meeting of American Society Agronomy, Southern Branch. Feb. 3-7, Mobile, AL.
- Bi, G. 2007. Mississippi Cut Flower Research Update: Hydrangea, Dianthus and Antirrhinum. Deep South Fruit & Vegetable Conference, Mobile, Alabama.
- Bi, G. 2007. Ornamental Horticulture Program in Truck Crops. Franklin County Garden Club.
- Bi, G. 2007. Ornamental Horticulture Program in Truck Crops. Franklin County Garden Club. Hydrangea Cut Flower Field Was Part of The Fall Flower & Garden Fest Tour. More than 1000 public visited the hydrangea cut flower field during the wagon tour in 2007 Fest.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Raw soybeans are known to contain a factor that inhibits enterokinase activation of trypsin in the small intestine which is essential for protein digestion and hence nutrient absorption in pigs. The most notable outcome observed was the advancement of the onset of puberty in RSB-fed gilts of which 70 percent showed first estrus within two weeks of exposure to a mature boar compared to 30 percent of SBM-fed gilts. There were no significant differences in litter size, live birth rates or numbers of baby pigs at weaning (28 days post-partum). Evaluation of carcass traits found no detrimental effects on feeding gilts a raw-soybean diet. These studies demonstrate that raw soybeans can be used safely as the protein supplement source in the diets of pre-pubertal and gestating gilts. Cotton showed no significant response to fish-based fertilizer. Cotton yields were near normal for irrigated studies at both test locations. Non-irrigated yields were low when compared to
previous years; however rainfall totals during the growing season were low especially during peak flowering and boll development. Corn showed no significant response to foliar applications. Corn yields averaged 100 to 140 bu/acre which is low for our area with sufficient irrigation. Evaluated 10 cultivars of hydrangea for performance as fresh or dried cut flowers in Mississippi. Cultivars evaluated were Limelight, Merittee Supreme, Endless Summer, Tokyo delight, Nikko Blue, Flushing Bride, Lady in Red, Cityline, Oakleaf, and Peegee. Based on the number of flowers per plant, flower stem length, inflorescence diameter, inflorescence color and post harvest longevity, limelight is considered the best performance cultivar among all the ten cultivars evaluated. Limelight hydrangea has long, strong and straight stems and average vase life of limelight is seven days. Vegetable soybean varieties evaluated performed well, in particular that the fresh bean yields for the medium to late maturing
varieties were higher than the early maturing varieties. Late maturing varieties were generally taller, had more nodes/plant, pods/plant and total fresh pod weight than early maturing varieties. Fresh green bean yields ranged from 7,577 to 39,163 lb/acre. Yields and estimated net returns suggest that vegetable soybean can fit well into the existing cropping system and could be a viable alternative crop for growers in the Mississippi Delta. An extensive screening of a number of medicinal and aromatic crop plant species at multiple locations in Mississippi was conducted. The essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloids and other plant chemicals from dry herbage are being extracted at Mississippi State University and analyzed at the National Center for Natural Products Research at the University of Mississippi. We were successful at producing low-fat baked chicken nuggets that were acceptable to consumers. French marigolds, Mexican marigolds, and vetiver grass were grown, harvested, dried and
stored for use in the choice and no-choice termite testing. The results have been encouraging and further work will be done on Reticulitermes spp. and the introduced Formosan (Coptotermes formosanus) subterranean termites.
Impacts
The results indicate that vegetable soybean can be successfully grown in Mississippi Delta. Conservative estimate indicates that over $716/acre profit margin could be obtained from vegetable soybean production compared with $150-250/acre for regular dry soybean. The short growing period of the vegetable soybean varieties with its economic value make the vegetable bean a potential attractive alternative crop and used in double cropping system if enough demand and market can be generated in the near future. Field evaluation of Kordes field grown cut-flower roses Fantasia Mondiale, Masquerade, and Pinguin produced more stems than the other cultivars. The potential for production of these alternative crops and/or value added products will help the rural economy of Mississippi both from the producer standpoint as well as the consuming public. A number of medicinal and aromatic crop plant species planted at multiple locations in Mississippi produce flavonoids, alkaloids and
other plant chemicals that could provide local producers with a high-value alternative crop. Cut flowers also appear to have a place in the market for Mississippi producers. Raw soybeans are known to contain a factor that inhibits enterokinase activation of trypsin in the small intestine which is essential for protein digestion and hence nutrient absorption in pigs. All of these findings should help Southeastern and Mississippi producers.
Publications
- Sykes D, Couvillion S, Gerard P, Crenshaw M, Ryan P. 2006. Use of a ground raw soybean diet to enhance reproductive efficiency in gilts. ASAS, Minneapolis-St Paul, MN, July 2006. J Anim Sci 84 Suppl 1:90
- Zhang, L., and Kyei-Boahen, S. 2006. Vegetable soybean variety evaluation in Mississippi. Presentation and Abstract, ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, Nov. 12-16, 2006.
- Sloan, R.C. and Harkness, S.S. 2006. Field Evaluation of Pollen-Free Sunflower Cultivars for Cut Flower Production. HortTechnology. 16(2): 324-327. Sloan, R. C., and Harkness, S. S. 2006. Hybrid lily cultivar evaluations in 2005. The Cut Flower Quarterly. 18(3): 8-9, 12.
- Sloan, R.C. and Harkness, S.S. Hybrid lily cut flower research in Mississippi. Poster. Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, August 2006.
- Evans, W.B., Hood, KW., Hudson, P.M., and Paridon,K.L. Organic vegetable culture in Mississippi: Growing and profitable. Southern Region Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL. Feb. 2006. Abstract: HortSci. 41(3): 509.
- Jackson, V., Schilling, M.W., Coggins, P.C, Martin, J.M. 2006. Utilizing Rice flour to add value to low-fat chicken nuggets. Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences. 51:1. p. 25 (Abstract).
- Jackson, V., Schilling, M.W., Coggins, P.C., Martin, J.M. 2006. Utilization of rice starch in the formulation of wheat-free, chicken nuggets. J. Applied Poultry Research. 15(3):417-422.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Testing methods for the different combinations of termite repellent plant tissues (T-RPT) were established through several trials to determine if reproducible data could be gained. The plant tissue acquisition and preparation methods were determined and future work will be done to test the many combinations. The establishment of the field test plots to test the repellency of vetiver grass as a physical barrier was delayed, however, our laboratory trials indicate that there is an adverse impact of the vetiver grass roots upon mortality and incipient colony development, which could be potentially used as a termite slow acting toxicant when vetiver grass is planted as a physical barrier around the structures. Statistical analyses initial results indicating that grass-fed beef through marinade enhancement can be as acceptable to consumers as grain-fed animals within certain age parameters. Under valued cuts of beef can be used in the enhancement process and deemed
acceptable to consumers. Marinade enhancements were preferred over the non-marinaded controls in all treatments and had higher sensory tenderness scores. A study was begun last year on pork to explore similar types of enhancements with under valued and under priced muscles. Preliminary results indicate that pork muscles from the under valued shoulder can be enhanced with marinades, cooked in an enclosed package, and have added value to the consumer with good consumer acceptability. The results indicate that vegetable soybean can be successfully grown in Mississippi Delta but chickpea is not a viable alternative crop. Conservative estimate suggests that vegetable soybean production could generate over $700/acre profit compared with $150-250/acre for regular dry soybean. The short growing period of the vegetable soybean varieties make them suitable for use in double-crop system and could help increase return on land. Three trials of six treatments were utilized to test the effects of
cooking method, batter type, and flour on the quality of chicken nuggets. Consumers were clustered into six population segments revealing that all six treatments were acceptable to some segment of the population. Baking instead of frying reduced fat calories by at least 67 %, further adding value to the chicken nuggets. This reveals the feasibility of using rice flour in the formulation of low-fat chicken nuggets without diminishing quality and the added value component of usability by people with Celiac disease. In a litter rate study, results suggest that preplant litter should be applied alone at approximately 3 tons/ac. A sidedress application of UAN fertilizer (or other source) should be included in a fertilizer management system with preplant chicken litter at rates lower than 3 tons/ac. In no-tillage and conventional tillage studies, lint yield of cotton treated with poultry litter was equal to or greater than the standard UAN treatment at 90 lb N/ac. Lint yield was highest
with incorporated chicken litter at 3.67 tons/ac.
Impacts
As more and more emphasis is put on the relationship of animals and the environment and production cost increases, it is quite evident that alternative systems for food production will be utilized to greater extents. The potential for production of these alternative crops and/or value added products will help the rural economy of Mississippi both from the producers standpoint as well as the consuming public. is quite good and daylilies are being served in several local restaurants indicating that the public is receptive to edible flowers. Aged hens fed probiotic dietary supplement had improved egg production, cumulative egg weight per bird, feed conversion ration, and eggshell quality and there was reduction in serum and yolk cholesterol contents as a result of this diet supplement.
Publications
- Adeli, A., Rowe, D.E., Tewolde, H., and Shankle, M.W. 2005. Runoff losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from no-till cotton field fertilized with broiler litter. 2nd Symposium on Safe Management and Utilization of Animal Waste. Proceeding of the 36th Annual Mississippi Water Resources Conference p.197-206. April 26-27. Jackson, Mississippi.
- Herring, J.L. 2005. Comparison of Grass-fed versus Grain-fed Selected Beef Muscles in the Marination and Sous Vide Cooking of Beef Roasts. Ph.D. Dissertation. Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/30/04
Outputs
Commercial marinade on forage fed beef cattle meat had better sensory scores for flavor, tenderness, warmed-over-flavor and overall acceptability than control. Fish solubles waste from menhaden industry and oyster shell waste were evaluated as slow release bait-attractant and binding agent, respectively for the crab fishery. Bermudagrass and two tall fescues infected with either commercial strain or experimental strain of novel endophyte were seeded in bermudagrass sod during fall-winter period and to form warm and cool-season grazing system to establish strategy for year-round cattle grazing. Chicken litter supplement for commercial nitrogen had cotton lint yield of 915 lb/ac with 2.8, 4.3 and 5.9 ton/ac of litter, equivalent to 70, 110 and 150 lb N/ac. Poultry litter had comparable yields as those treated with Temik 15G and increased soil populations of Actinomycetes nematodes. Asiatic, Oriental and LA hybrid lilies growth characteristics as cut flowers showed
Avignon and Loreto required fewest days of Asiatic lilies from planting-harvest and Cannes had largest stem diameter, Chianti, Sunray and Navona were Asiatic lilies with shortest stem. Ibarra, Toro and Pollyanna had fewest flowers per stem of Asiatics. Twenty rose cultivars were obtained from Kordes Sohne, Germany and virus indexed rose rootstocks obtained and virus free rose scions rooted. Data indicate feeding ground raw soybean diets to pre-pubertal gilts is safe and natural alternative means of advancing puberty and first standing estrus than steroid preparations, which is prohibited in food animals. Snapdragons, stocks and tulips were planted in unheated greenhouse and studies using greenhouse vs. greenhouse plus row cover were started to look at temperature and crop timing during winter production. Survey results on Freshwater prawns (FWP) indicated good potential market for FWP consumption as 93% of those that had consumed FWP said they would consume them again and 83% of that
had not consumed FWP before said they would consider consuming them. Four varieties of fig trees were purchased, will be planted during dormancy and pruning parameters will be developed and implemented in 2005 and yield data will be gathered for each variety. A 1/2 acre plot was toured by organic certifiers and should be certified in 2005 and vegetables grown were sold for premium price at local markets. Good potential for production of lycopene in tomatoes and watermelons in Mississippi. Daylily flavor is related to cultivar not color and several local restaurants have utilized daylilies in some dishes indicating that the public is receptive to edible flowers. Two corn-grazing studies on lactating dairy cows indicated savings of about 53% compared to harvesting the corn and feeding cows grain or silage. Milk production was not different from controls of the cows but they gained slightly more units of body condition than did controls. Aged hens were fed probiotic dietary supplement
which improved egg production, cumulative egg weight per bird, feed conversion ration and eggshell quality. There was also reduction in serum and yolk cholesterol contents as result of diet supplement.
Impacts
As more and more emphasis is put on the relationship of animals and the environment and production cost increases, it is quite evident that grass-fed beef system will be utilized more. The potential for production of lycopene in tomatoes and watermelons in Mississippi is quite good and daylilies are being served in several local restaurants indicating that the public is receptive to edible flowers. Aged hens fed probiotic dietary supplement had improved egg production, cumulative egg weight per bird, feed conversion ration, and eggshell quality and there was reduction in serum and yolk cholesterol contents as a result of this diet supplement.
Publications
- Sloan, R.C. and S.S. Harkness. 2004. Lisianthus Cultivar Evaluation. Annual Report 2003 of the North Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Mississippi Agriculture & Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin 405:357-361.
- Sloan, R.C. and S.S. Harkness. 2004. Poppy Cultivar Evaluation. Annual Report 2003 of the North Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Mississippi Agriculture & Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin 405:362-364.
- Sloan, R.C. and S.S. Harkness. 2004. Single Stem Pollen Free Sunflower Cultivar Evaluation. Annual Report 2003 of the North Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Mississippi Agriculture & Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin 405:365-369.
- Sloan R.C. and S.S. Harkness. 2004. Snapdragon Cultivar Evaluation. Annual Report 2003 of the North Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Mississippi Agriculture & Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin 405:370-376.
- Sloan, R.C. and S.S. Harkness. 2004. Statice Cultivar Evaluation. Annual Report 2003 of the North Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Mississippi Agriculture & Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin 405:377-379.
- Sloan, R. C., S.S. Harkness, and K.L. Reel. 2004. Effect of spacing on sunflower production. Annual Report 2003 of the North Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Mississippi Agriculture & Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin 405:380-382.
- Sloan, R.C. and S.S. Harkness. 2004. Zinnia Cultivar Evaluation. Annual Report 2003 of the North Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Mississippi Agriculture & Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin 405:386-391.
- Evans, W.B., J. Sliva, W. Holmes, R. Holmes, R. Ingram, P.M. Hudson, and K.L. Paridon. 2004. Studies on lycopene levels in Mississippi tomatoes. In: 2003 Progress Report Summary, Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center.
- Hudson, D. and E. Griffin. 2004. Market Potential for Mississippi Grown Cut Flowers. Mississippi Agricultural & Forestry Experiments Station Bulletin 1140.
- Sloan, R.C. and S.S. Harkness. 2004. Anemone Cultivar Evaluation. Annual Report 2003 of the North Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Mississippi Agriculture & Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin 405:348-349.
- Sloan, R.C. and S.S. Harkness. 2004. Branching pollen free sunflower cultivar evaluation. Annual Report 2003 of the North Mississippi Research & Extension Center. Mississippi Agriculture & Forestry Experiment Station Information Bulletin 405:350-356.
- Nalley, L.L., Hudson, M.D., Rogers, R.W., Martin, J.W., and Herring, J.L. 2004. In-Store Evaluation of Consumer Willingness to Pay for Farm-Raised Pre-Cooked Roast Beef. In Journal of Agribusiness 22 (2): 163-173. Herring, J.L. 2004. Comparison of Grass-fed versus Grain-fed Selected Beef Muscles in the Marination and Sous Vide Cooking of Beef Roasts. Ph.D. Dissertation. Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.
- Williams, J. Byron. 2004. The Comparison of Fat-Replacer Systems in Low-Fat Fresh and Canned Ground Beef Patties. Ph.D. Dissertation. Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.
- Williams, J. Byron. 2004. The Comparison of Fat-Replacer Systems in Low-Fat Fresh Ground Beef Patties. Final review. Journal of Muscle Foods. Martin, J.M., Herring, J.L. and Rogers, R.W. 2004. Some effects of marinating and sous vide cooking on the production of value-added beef pot roasts. Abstract. 2004 American Society Animal Scientists Southern Meeting.
- Herring, J.L., J. M. Martin, and R.W. Rogers. 2004. Marination and SousVide Cooking in the Production of Beef Pot Roasts. Poster Presentation. 57th Annual Reciprocal Meat Conference. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
- Martin, J.M., Nalley, L.L., Hudson, M.D., Rogers, R.W., and Herring, J.L. 2003. Consumer Acceptance of Farm-Raised Pre-Cooked Roast Beef. Published. Journal of Food Quality.
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