Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: OUTPUTS: Cooperative efforts with scientists at the USDA-ARS Precision Ag lab in Starkville Ms., and the LSU Department of Experimental Statistics, produced a new mixed linear model for analyzing on-farm yield tests. Yield monitor data collected on the farm and analyzed with the model provided several presentations at professional conferences, including the Beltwide Cotton Conference, a Statistical conference in Manhattan KS and the National Sweetpotato collaborators conference. Farmer cooperators were provided up to four management options that also included economic analysis based on costs of products used. The model will provide farmers a method of making improved decisions for using site-specific nematicide treatments as a supplement or replacement for insecticide and nematicide seed treatments. PARTICIPANTS: A mid South technical working group developed a protocol for testing on farm experiments, which was distributed for presentation purposes. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences included participants at the National Cotton Conferences, the National Sweet Potato Collaborators meeting, county agents, cotton farmers, and sweet potato farmers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: A mixed model analysis of on-farm test procedures developed at the USDA-ARS laboratory in Starkville MS was modified to include optional management strategies, termed farmer preferences, and cost benefit analysis was included in the final analysis of a farm test. PARTICIPANTS: In order of participation, the project was partially funded by pesticide initiative projects provided by region 6 EPA and a cooperative agreement with the USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS. The work with mixed linear models was enhanced by a contract with retired statistician, George Milliken. Technical support was also provided by the Precision Ag Lab located at Stoneville Ms. Statistical developments were coordinated through the LSU Department of Experimental Statistics by Kevin McCarter. Scientists within these groups have provided numerous informal and formal presentations and/or scientific publications for their respective projects. TARGET AUDIENCES: The agricultural scientific community in the mid-south and internationally was exposed to these studies through numerous meetings and talks. Selected mid-south farmers were targeted for on-farm tests to incorporate the pest management strategies derived from the objectives of the project. Multi-state research and extension groups were organized as leaders to implement the strategies. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Continued tests of a new mixed linear model revealed positive outcomes for producers, providing up to four options for management when decisions were required for use of site specific treatments too costly to make on a whole farm basis. Cotton yield, as affected by early season pests infesting alluvial soil within the Commerce, Bruin, and Dundee soils, was often increased when fumigation was correctly used to control rootknot nematodes. Insecticide seed treatments that also included a nematicide were effective for thrips control but could not effectively control moderate to high populations of rootknot nematode. Novel geographic and statistical methodology helped determine the effect of nematicide and selected fertility management practices on cotton lint yield collected from research plots and an on-farm test. In the small plot research test, data collected for thrips, nematodes and yield were analyzed by incorporating georeferenced data points into geographic and statistical programs. Yields were significantly better in fumigation and nematicide seed treatments as compared to controls. For an embedded field trial that included three nitrogen management strategies applied with and without fumigation, linear mixed models analysis of covariance resulted in prescriptions for site specific management of fumigation and fertilizer whereas conventional analysis could not be used for site specific management. Project resources have been used to encourage continued progress through the cooperative efforts of this multi-discipline team.
Publications
- 1. Burris E., Burns D., McCarter K. S., Overstreet C., and Wolcott M. 2008 Evaluation of The Effects of Telone II on Nitrogen Management and Yield in Louisiana Delta Cotton. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Precision Agriculture. 07/20/2008.
- 2. McCarter, K.S., Burris, E., Milliken, G.A., Clawson, E.L., Wong, H.Y., Willers, J. L. 2008. Specifications of a Prototype Software System for Developing Variable-Rate Treatment Prescriptions for Use in Precision Agriculture. Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Kansas State University Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture, 04/27/2007. Editor John E. Boyer. Manhattan, Kansas, USA, 2008. 39-61(available in PDF format from the corresponding editor).
- 3. Burris, E., D. Burns, K.S. McCarter, C. Overstreet, M. Wolcott, and E. L. Clawson. 2009. Evaluation of the effects of Telone II (fumigation) on nitrogen management and yield in Louisiana delta cotton. SpringerLink. http://www.springerlink.com/openuri.aspgenre=article&id=doi:10.1007/ s11119-009-9129-x
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Cooperative efforts with scientists at the USDA-ARS Precision Ag lab in Starkville Ms., and the LSU Department of Experimental Statistics, produced a new mixed linear model for analyzing on-farm tests. Yield monitor data collected on the farm and analyzed with the model provided several presentations at professional conferences, including the Beltwide Cotton Conference, a Statistical conference in Manhattan KS and the National Sweetpotato collaborators conference. Farmer cooperators were provided up to four management options that also included economic analysis based on costs of products used. The model will provide farmers a method of making improved decisions for using site-specific nematicide treatments as a supplement or replacement for insecticide and nematicide seed treatments. PARTICIPANTS: A mid South technical working group developed a protocol for testing on the farm experiments. The protocol was formatted as a PDF and power point presentation and distributed for presentation purposes. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences included participants at the National Cotton Conferences, the National Sweet Potato Collaborators meeting, county agents, cotton farmers and sweet potato farmers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: A mixed model analysis of on farm test procedures developed at the USDA-ARS laboratory in Starkville MS was modified to include optional management strategies, termed farmer preferences, and cost benefit analysis was included in the final analysis of a farm test.
Impacts
Continued tests of a new mixed linear model revealed positive outcome for producers, providing up to four options for management when decisions were required for use of site specific treatments too costly to make on a whole farm basis. Cotton yield, as affected by early season pests infesting alluvial soil within the Commerce, Bruin, and Dundee soils, was often increased when fumigation was correctly used to control rootknot nematodes. Insecticide seed treatments that also included a nematicide were effective for thrips control but could not effectively control moderate to high populations of rootknot. Novel geographic and statistical methodology helped determine the effect of nematicide and selected fertility management practices on cotton lint yield collected from research plots and an on-farm test. In the small plot research test, data collected for thrips, nematodes and yield are analyzed by incorporating georeferenced data points into geographic and statistical programs. Yields were significantly better in fumigation and nematicide seed treatments as compared to the non treated. For an embedded field trial that included three nitrogen management strategies applied with and without fumigation, linear mixed models analysis of covariance techniques resulted in prescriptions for site specific management of fumigation and fertilizer whereas conventional analysis could not be used for site specific management. Project resources have been used to encourage continued progress through the cooperative efforts of this multi-discipline team.
Publications
- Burris E., Burns D., McCarter K. S., Overstreet C., and Wolcott M. 2008 Evaluation of The Effects of Telone II on Nitrogen Management and Yield in Louisiana Delta Cotton. In Proceedings of the ninth International Conference on Precision Agriculture. 07/20/2008.
- McCarter, K.S., Burris, E., Milliken, G.A., Clawson, E.L., Wong, H.Y., Willers, J. L. 2008. Specifications of a Prototype Software System for Developing Variable-Rate Treatment Prescriptions for Use in Precision Agriculture. Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Kansas State University Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture, 04/27/2007. Editor John E. Boyer. Manhattan, Kansas, USA, 2008. 39-61(available in PDF format from the corresponding editor).
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: GIS/GPS technology was incorporated into a small plot research test conducted on a commerce silt loam soil at the LSU AgCenter's Northeast Research Station. Analysis techniques that utilized root mean square values appeared to provide the best measure of variability in the small plot test. On-farm yield monitor data collected from cotton grown on a Dundee silt loam soil infested with root-knot nematodes was analyzed using mixed model analytical SAS techniques. The analysis resulted in prescription options for fumigation and nitrogen combinations.
PARTICIPANTS: Jeff Willers USDA-ARS Stoneville, MS
Impacts
In a small plot test, plant stand was significantly lower in the non-treated, and node of 1st square was significantly increased in plots treated with Telone. Thrips counts, nematode populations in soil samples and yield were other variables analyzed in the test. Plot size was expanded to 32 rows and 32 observation sites marked with GPS points which were used as replicates. Polygons were drawn around each treatment and used to perform analysis that supplemented traditional ANOVA. GPS point data was interpolated using Inverse Distance Weighting and clipped to the boundaries of the individual treatments. Root mean square (RMS) values were obtained by using Geostatistical analysis in ArcGis 9.1 and were compared to the traditional ANOVA and Standard Deviation values. RMS values appeared to be the best measure of variation in yield loss caused by thrips, root-knot nematode and wilt complexes. GIS maps of the plots revealed that population hot-spots and resurgence values for
thrips at 33 days after planting were higher in plots treated with Avicta Complete PAC (ACP) as compared to the non-treated plots. GIS maps of root-knot nematode counts extracted from soil samples taken in June, revealed that nematodes were moderately controlled in the ACP plots. The lowest nematode populations were found in the Telone treatment. Nematode populations were clumped and variable regardless of treatment and were higher in the non-treated. Nematode hot-spots were easy to locate in each treatment. When the 3 treatment polygons were merged, histogram analysis of yield indicated ranges from 1029 - 1808 lbs lint. Yield for 74 of 96 data points was 1500 lbs or greater. Linking features indicated the high yields corresponded to nematode treatments and selection of low yielding areas of the plots corresponded to the non-treated and/or areas of the field that exhibited excessive wilt during the test. RMS value for yield was 61.27 for the Telone + ACP + 80 lbs of N, 56.58 for the
ACP + 120 lbs of N and 215.6 for the non-treated plots + 120 lbs of nitrogen, indicating less variability in the seed treatment + high N treatment strategy. An on-farm test was analyzed using mixed linear molding in SAS. Data analysis was facilitated by a Web link established within the LSU Department of Experimental Statistics. The goal is to make the process user friendly for the experiment station scientists and allow outreach programs to be conducted within the farming community. Analysis using a mixed linear model of yield monitor data collected from a 33 acre field resulted in 2 prescription options suitable for site-specific treatments of Telone + nitrogen (N). A histogram analysis of the field indicated yields ranged from 480 - 1808 lbs lint per acre, the average for the field was 1316 lbs of lint per acre. Morans I was significant (P = 0.05), indicating sufficient variability for site-specific treatments. Prescription options were created for Telone and two N rates.
Publications
- DELINEATION OF NEMATODE MANAGEMENT ZONES BASED ON NEMATICIDE RESPONSE AND SOIL ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY. 2007. Charles Overstreet, E. Burris, D. R. Cook, E. C. McGawley, and Boyd Padgett. Proceeding of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Memphis, Tnn
- USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES TO BETTER MANAGE NEMATODE PROBLEMS. 2007. Charlie Overstreet, Gene Burris, Don Cook, E.C. McGawley, Boyd Padgett and Maurice Wolcott. Proceeding of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Memphis, Tnn
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
In Northeast LA, tarnished plant bugs (TPB) were the most serious pest of cotton in 2006. In general, the standard insecticides (i.e. Bidrin 8EC, Centric 40WG, Acephate) reduced numbers of plant bug (TPB) nymphs, but were not capable of eliminating infestations. In most cases, densities were reduced to or below the Arkansas and Mississippi action threshold (1 TPB/2 row ft) using the drop cloth sampling protocol. The experimental compounds and the product combinations performed similarly to the standards with few exceptions, but none appeared to be superior to the standard products (i.e. Bidrin, Acephate, Centric). In an on-farm demonstration, both Carbine and the combination of Bidrin plus Diamond performed well against TPB nymphs. The newer products such as Diamond, Carbine, and metaflumazone affect insects more slowly than those in other classes such as organophosphates or neonicotinoids. To accurately measure insecticide efficacy, these new compounds may require
sampling methods such as measurement of plant injury as opposed to direct measurements of insect numbers. A study to evaluate the effects of native winter-spring host plant management on TPB infestations in cotton was conducted on commercial farms near Newellton and Waterproof, LA. Two sites, a treated and non-treated, were established each year and field margins were treated with Strike 3 herbicide (3 - 5 weeks before planting) to kill broadleaf weeds. Tarnished plant bug adult densities were higher in cotton fields in the herbicide treated compared to the non-treated area for ca. four weeks during late June through July. Densities of TPB nymphs were higher in cotton fields in the herbicide treated area for ca. four weeks during late June through July. These results indicate that vegetation in the areas surrounding cotton fields can have a dramatic impact on insect infestation. Studies to develop pesticide management programs for the site-specific application of pesticides for
control of root knot nematodes indicated that apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) mapped with a Veris 3100 cart, was highly correlated (r2 = 0.94) with soil clay content on alluvial soils near St. Joseph LA. Increased sample efficiency for time and counts was apparent when directed sampling for root knot nematodes within soil ECa zones was used. The data indicates that soil ECa maps can be used for developing sampling plans and identifying zones that need site specific treatments for root knot nematodes. Tests conducted in 2006 indicated that Reniform spp. may also be managed on alluvial soils using similar techniques. We are now evaluating interactions with nitrogen fertilizer management and other soil nutrients that may be affected by high nematode populations.
Impacts
Insecticide efficacy tests defined the effect of several classes of insecticides against high population densities of tarnished plant bug. These data help support need for new section 18 registrations, crises exemptions and/or new section 3 registrations. Area wide management programs of broadleaf weed removal in cotton field margins continues to be a viable management strategy to help reduce density levels of tarnished plant bugs immigrating into fields. Studies using GIS/GPS technology to determine the potential of using site-specific applications of nematicides showed a remarkable ability to reduce nematicide treatments as compared to whole field treatments.
Publications
- Burris, E., D. R. Cook, and D. R. Burns. 2006. Efficacy of avicta complete pac combinations against thrips on cotton, 2005. Arthropod Management Tests 31: F19, http://www.entsoc.org/Protected/AMT/AMT31/AMT.aspx?Report=F19.
- Cook, D. R., E. Burris, and D. R. Burns. 2006. USDA-ARS area-wide control program for tarnished plant bug: Louisiana update p. 1618. In Proceedings, 2006 Beltwide Cotton Conferences. National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN.
- Cook, D. R., E. Burris, D. R. Burns, and B. R. Leonard. 2006. Evaluation of insecticides for tarnished plant bug control in Louisiana cotton, pp. 1409-1415. In Proceedings, 2006 Beltwide Cotton Conferences. National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN.
- Cook, D. R., D. R. Burns, and E. Burris. 2006. Efficacy of diamond combinations against tarnished plant bug on cotton, 2005. Arthropod Management Tests 31: F20, http://www.entsoc.org/Protected/AMT/AMT31/AMT.aspx?Report=F20.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
There were no apparent negative influences of Avicta complete Pak (Dynasty CST + Cruiser + Abamectrin) treatments on cotton plant stand, plant height or yield. A 12% addition in active ingredient for Cruiser resulted in numerically increased thrips control and the addition of Abamectrin further increased thrips control. The product changes and/or combinations make the seed treatments nearly equal to Temik 15G infurrow treatments. A Veris cart was used to measure apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC) on several fields near Crowville LA. Nematodes measured in the loess soil samples collected from different EC zones revealed that reniform nematodes were consistently found throughout all parts of the field regardless of clay content. In contrast, root-knot nematode infestations were found only in the lowest EC zones of delta alluvial soils. Low rates of Diamond IGR (6 oz product/acre) tank mixed with the lowest labeled rates of Orthene, Trimax, Bidrin, and Centric
had significantly fewer tarnished plant bug (TPB) adults compared to Orthene 0.5 lbai/a and the non-treated plots. Plots treated when TPB infestations exceed 5% or 10% produced significantly more seedcotton compared to plots treated when TPB infestations exceeded 20%. In a USDA-ARS cooperative study, field margins treated with a selective broadleaf herbicide significantly reduced population levels of TPB. July sweep net data indicated lower population densities within fields that received herbicide treatments to control native vegetation.
Impacts
Efficacy tests defined the effect of several classes of insecticides against high population densities of tarnished plant bug. These data help support need for new section 18 registrations, crises exemptions and/or new section 3 registrations. Area wide management programs of broadleaf weed removal in cotton field margins continues to be a viable management strategy to help reduce density levels of tarnished plant bugs immigrating into fields. Studies using GIS/GPS technology to determine the potential for site-specific applications of nematicides showed a remarkable ability to reduce nematicide treatments as compared to whole field treatments in the delta alluvial fields. However, reniform nematode populations on the Macon Ridge loess soils were not affected by differences in soil texture. This would mean that reniform samples taken in small grids (or a comparable technique) would be required for detecting levels below economic threshold.
Publications
- Cook. D. R., E. Burris, D. R. Burns, and B. R. Leonard. 2005. Effects of managing winter-spring vegetation along field borders on tarnished plant bug infestations in cotton, p. 71. In Proceedings, 2005 LA Plant Protection Assoc. Baton Rouge, LA.
- Cook, D. R., E. Burris, D. R. Burns, and B. R. Leonard. 2005. Evaluation of selected insecticides against tarnished plant bug in Louisiana cotton, pp. 1363-1367. In Proceedings, 2005 Beltwide Cotton Conferences. National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN.
- Wolcott, M., C. Overstreet, E. Burris, D. Cook, D. Sullivan, and G. B. Padgett. 2005. Evaluating cotton nematicide response across soil electrical conductivity zones using remote sensing, pp. 215-220. In Proceedings, 2005 Beltwide Cotton Conferences. National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN.
- Cook, D. R., D. R. Burns, and E. Burris. 2005. Evaluation of Centric combinations for control of tarnished plant bug on cotton, 2004. Arthropod Management Tests 30: F39, http://www.entsoc.org/Protected/AMT/AMT30/AMT30.aspx?Report=F39.htm.
- Cook, D. R., D. R. Burns, and E. Burris. 2005. Efficacy of selected insecticides against tarnished plant bug on cotton, 2004. Arthropod Management Tests 30: F40, http://www.entsoc.org/Protected/AMT/AMT30/AMT30.aspx?Report=F40.htm.
- Cook, D. R., D. R. Burns, and E. Burris. 2005. Evaluation of selected insecticides for control of tarnished plant bug on cotton, 2004. Arthropod Management Tests 30: F41, http://www.entsoc.org/Protected/AMT/AMT30/AMT30.aspx?Report=F41.htm.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
In Northeast LA, tarnished plant bugs (TPB) were the most serious pest of cotton in 2004. Pesticide tests indicated that Orthene 90S (0.33 lb AI/acre) significantly reduced TPB adults compared to standard rates of Trimax 4F, Vydate, Dimethoate and the non-treated control during the duration of the test. A combination of Centric 40WG (0.05 lb AI/acre) + Karate 2.08CS (0.025 lb AI/acre significantly reduced TPB adults compared to standard rates of Zephar + Karate, Trimax, Intruder, Orthene, Bidrin and the non-treated. Plots treated with Centric 40WG (0.625 lb AI/acre), Centric 40WG (0.5 lb AI/acre) + Zephyr 0.15EC (0.0059 lb AI/acre), Centric 40WG (0.05 lb AI/acre) + Karate 2.08CS (0.025 lb AI/acre), or Orthene 90S (0.05 lb AI/acre) produced significantly more seedcotton compared to plots treated with Trimax 4F (047 lb AI/acre) or Intruder 70WP (0.047 lb AI/acre). A study to evaluate the effects of native winter-spring host plant management on TPB infestations in cotton
was conducted on commercial farms near Newellton, LA. Two sites, a treated and non-treated were established each year and field margins were treated with Strike 3 herbicide. Herbicide applications were applied three to five weeks before planting to kill broadleaf weeds. Tarnished plant bug adult densities were lower in cotton fields in the herbicide treated compared to the non-treated area for ca. three weeks during late June to early July. Densities of TPB nymphs were lower in cotton fields in the herbicide treated area for ca. five weeks from late June to late July. Results from this study indicate that this management strategy has the potential to reduce tarnished plant bug infestations in cotton. Studies to develop pesticide management programs for the site-specific application of pesticides for control of root knot nematodes indicated that apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) mapped with a Veris 3100 cart, was highly correlated (r2 = 0.94) with soil clay content on
alluvial soils near St. Joseph LA. Subsequently, ECa was evaluated using sum of bases as a surrogate for clay content. Values > (r2 = 0.90) were observed for selected fields when moisture was adequate and values > (r2 = 0.77) were recorded when soil moisture and temperature was less than optimal. Increased sample efficiency for time and counts was apparent when directed sampling for root knot nematodes within soil ECa zones was used. The data indicates that soil ECa maps could serve as the basis for developing site specific prescriptions for root knot nematodes on alluvial soils and lead to remarkable decreases in the amount of nematicide as compared to whole field applications. Increased plant height and vigor of cotton plants treated with Telone II soil fumigant underscore a need to evaluate interactions with fertilizer rates on soils with sandy texture.
Impacts
Insecticide efficacy tests defined the effect of several classes of insecticides against high population densities of tarnished plant bug. These data help support need for new section 18 registrations, crises exemptions and/or new section 3 registrations. Area wide management programs of broadleaf weed removal in cotton field margins continues to be a viable management strategy to help reduce density levels of tarnished plant bugs immigrating into fields. Studies using GIS/GPS technology to determine the potential of using site-specific applications of nematicides showed a remarkable ability to reduce nematicide treatments as compared to whole field treatments.
Publications
- D. R. Cook, Charles T. Allen, Eugene Burris, Barry L. Freeman, Gary A. Herzog, Gary L. Lentz, B. Roger Leonard and Jack T. Reed. A Survey of Thrips (Thysanoptera) Species Infesting Cotton Seedlings in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee. 2003. J. Entomol. Sci. Vol. 38, No. 4.
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