Source: OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
CENTER FOR WOOD UTILIZATION RESEARCH
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
SPECIAL GRANT
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0199485
Grant No.
2004-34158-14679
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
2004-06320
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jul 15, 2004
Project End Date
Jul 14, 2007
Grant Year
2004
Program Code
[BB]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
CORVALLIS,OR 97331
Performing Department
COLLEGE ADMINISTRATION
Non Technical Summary
The demand for wood products in the United States, and the world, continues to rise with increasing population. This increase coincides with reduced availability of public timber and increased foreign importation of raw materials. These factors challenge the viabiity of a domestic industry, especially in rural areas of the western U.S. At the same time the nature of wood supplies available from private lands is changing dramatically, requiring new environmentally acceptable processes to harvest, transport, and process raw materials. New business practices, science and technology are required to design, manufacture and market new types of products to meet demand and maintain domestic industry competitiveness. The primary purpose of this proposal is to develop the science, technology, engineering and business management practices that will meet those needs. Oregon State University is part of a larger national effort to expand domestic wood utilization research and focuses on western species and problems.
Animal Health Component
80%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
20%
Applied
80%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
4020650202020%
4025310202015%
5110650200025%
5110650208020%
5115320202020%
Knowledge Area
511 - New and Improved Non-Food Products and Processes; 402 - Engineering Systems and Equipment;

Subject Of Investigation
0650 - Wood and wood products; 5310 - Machinery and equipment; 5320 - Houses (human residences), furniture, household equipment, non-textile furnishings;

Field Of Science
2020 - Engineering; 2080 - Mathematics and computer sciences; 2000 - Chemistry;
Goals / Objectives
The overall objective of this work is to develop the science, technology, management approaches, and business practices that will enhance the domestic and global competitiveness of the US wood products industry, especially in the Pacific Northwest. Specific sub-objectives are: 1) to assess the technologies and potential gains from using synthetic rope to replace wire rope in harvesting operations; 2) evaluate selected construction practices, materials, and use on economic performance of aggregate forest roads; 3) assess and develop adaptive bucking decision systems for improvement of yield with mechanical harvesting systems; 4) assess competing road designs to minimize their environmental impact in wet weather; 5) develop a software lumber grade estimator for use in sawing simulations; 6) evaluate the structural performance of code-prescribed wood frame shear walls; 7) identify potentially useful chemicals from traditional western mill residues; 8) enhance interfacial adhesion in wood-plastic composites; 9) and develop improved methods for assessing fungal deterioration in wood composites.
Project Methods
1) Conduct field trials of most promising synthetic rope end connector designs and sizes; 2) collect samples from two aggregate-surfaced roads to be constructed in summer 2004 and evaluate in the lab; instrument road segments to determine performance; 3) use a mix of log production control gaming, in field evaluations, and designed harvest experiments; 4) install alternative road designs and observe performance; 5) program WWPA lumber grading rules using C++ and integrate into existing simulator, then validate using existing board data; 6) test eight wall designs under different monotonic, cyclic and dynamic loading conditions; 7) evaluate bioactivity of species-specific mill residues and then analyze chemical constituents of those that test positive; 8) use SEM, DSC and FTIR to evaluate fracture surfaces of samples in experimental design; 9) experimentally assess the effect of range of decay fungi on selected composite material properties.

Progress 07/15/04 to 07/14/07

Outputs
1) Results showed significant opportunity for savings if aggregate is compacted to standard proctor level. Improved compaction could save $11,000 per mile with typical Northwest roads. 2) A lumber grade estimator in C++ language was successfully integrated into SAW3D and CORY and is now available for research or training activities. 3) Synthetic rope was shown to be a satisfactory replacement for steel wire rope in cable harvesting systems with improved economics, improved worker safety and ergonomics and improved environmental performance. 4) A total of 59 wood-frame shear walls were tested for seismic performance and showed that cyclic testing gives a more conservative estimate of wall performance under actual earthquake loads than does standard monotonic testing. 5) Lab bioassays of oil from heartwood of Alaska cedar strongly reduced P. ramorum fungi zoospore and sporangia germination and hyphal growth. Some components of the oil demonstrate efficacy as a repellant of ticks and mosquitoes. Field trials by the Center for Disease Controls will provide follow-up information. 6) The mechanisms by which the developed compatibilizer improved interfacial adhesion were identified as a mix of molecular entanglement and covalent bonding. Wood extractives were found to influence bonding suggesting that pretreatment may be a potential enhancement. 7) Exposure of wall assemblies to 30 weeks of fungal attack showed that most reduction in connection performance is principally due to moisture effects and not fungal attack. Reducing moisture intrusion would be more cost-effective than retarding fungal growth in residential structures. 8) Field trials of the FASTBUCK optimal bucking software were suspended due to difficulty in obtaining continuous participation by a large enough group of users to draw statistical inferences. The adaptive control heuristic was tested using sub-stand data. Other results showed that there is no advantage in frequently updating log price lists in mechanical harvesters. Software improvements to FASTBUCK were completed. 9) Data collection from sprinkler experiments showed that greater aggregate depth reduced sedimentation and that avoiding rutting is a key to reducing sediment production. Controlling the amount of fines in aggregate is very important to reducing sediment. Patents: 1. G.O. Maupin, Joseph Karchesy, Nicholas Panella and Marc C. Dolan. Compounds for Pest Control and Methods for their Use. U.S. Patent 7,129,271B2, October 31, 2006. 2. Marc C. Dolan, E.B. Gabrielle Dietrich, Joseph Karchesy, and G.O. Maupin. Pest Control Compositions and Methods for their Use. U.S. Patent 7,230,033, June 12, 2007. 3. M.C. Dolan, Joseph Karchesy, Gary Maupin and Nicholas Panella. Compounds for Pest Control and Methods for their Use. Australian Patent Application 2002245095, Notice of Acceptance, January 29, 2007.

Impacts
These projects developed important knowledge, science and technology to help maintain a vigorous competitive domestic forest products industry in the US. The results offer opportunities to enhance the positive environmental and economic performance of the wood industry value stream from the forest to the end consumer.

Publications

  • Melencion, N. and J.J. Morrell. 2007. Effect of fungal attack on maximum load capacity of simulated wall assemblies. International Research Group on Wood Protection, Stockholm, Sweden. Document No. IRG/WP/07-20363.
  • Murphy, G.E., M. Acuna and D Amishev. 2006. Adaptive control of bucking on harvesters: Target and timing effects. Forest Products Journal 56(11/12):79-83.
  • Saputra, H.A., J. Simonsen and K. Li. 2006. Effects of compatibilizers on the flexural properties of grass straw--polyethylene composites. J. Biobased Mat. Bioenergy 1:1-6.
  • Toman, E.M. and A.E. Skaugset. 2007. Designing forest roads to minimize turbid runoff during wet weather. p. 612-616 In: Proceedings, Watershed Management to Meet Water Quality Standards and TMDLS (Total Maximum Daily Load), March 10-14, San Antonio, TX. A.M. McFarland and A. Saleh, eds. ASAE Publication #701P0207.


Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06

Outputs
1) Field data showed sub-grade weights to be much lower than typically published for soils subject to normal compaction procedures. 2) A lumber grade estimator in C++ language was successfully integrated into SAW3D and CORY. 3) The project on demonstrating use of synthetic rope as a replacement for wire rope in cable harvesting was successfully completed and showed improved environmental performance and yarding productivity compared to steel alternatives. 4) A total of 59 wood-frame shear walls were tested for seismic performance and showed that cyclic testing gives a more conservative estimate of wall performance under actual earthquake loads than does standard monotonic testing. 5) Lab bioassays of oil from heartwood of Alaska cedar strongly reduced P. ramorum fungi zoospore and sporangia germination and hyphal growth. Some components of the oil demonstrate efficacy as a repellant of ticks and mosquitoes. 6) The mechanisms by which the developed compatibilizer improved interfacial adhesion were identified as a mix of molecular entanglement and covalent bonding. Wood extractives were found to influence bonding suggesting that pretreatment may be a potential enhancement. 7) Exposure of wall assemblies to 30 weeks of fungal attack showed that most reduction in connection performance is due to moisture effects and not fungal attack. Baseline data on small scale decay effects will soon be completed. 8) Field trials of the FASTBUCK optimal bucking software were suspended due to difficulty in obtaining continuous participation by a large enough group of users to draw statistical inferences. The adaptive control heuristic was tested using sub-stand data. The results showed that linear deviation is not inferior to a proposed Scandinavian alternative approach. 9) Data collection was completed from sprinkler experiments in California and analysis is near completion. Two new replications of the field research on road designs were installed and data collection is underway.

Impacts
These projects are developing the knowledge, science, technology and business management practices necessary to ensure sustainable use of domestic forest resources and maintain a vigorous, competitive forest products industry in the United States. They will ensure that US industry, especially in the west, maintains a competitive edge in processing efficiency and new product innovation, is able to harvest available fiber with minimal environmental and actual cost, and that wood structures meet society's expectations for safety, durability and usability.

Publications

  • Ahmed, A.A., M.F. Hegazy, N.M. Hassan, M. Wojcinska, J. Karchesy, P.W. Pare and T.J. Mabry. 2006. A guaiane and other constituents of Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus. Phytochemistry 67:1547-1553.
  • Ahmed, A.A., E. Mohamed, J. Karchesy and Y. Asokawa. 2006. Salvidoral, a norabietane dieterpene with a rare carbon skeleton and two abietane diterpene derivatives from Salvia dorrii. Phytochemistry 67:424-428.
  • Dietrich, G., M.C. Dolan, J. Peralta-Cruz, J. Schmidt, J. Piesman, R.J. Eisen and J.J. Karchesy. 2006. Repellent activity of fractionated compounds from Chamaecyparis nootkatensis essential oil against Nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari:Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 43:957-961.
  • Geng, Y., K. Li and J. Simonsen. 2006. Further investigation of polyaminoamide-epichlorohydrin/stearic anhydride compatibilizer system for wood-polyethylene composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 99(3):712-718.
  • Manter, D.K., J.J. Karchesy and R.G. Kelsey. 2006. The sporicidal activity of yellow-cedar heartwood, esstential oil and wood constituents towards Phytophthora ramorum in culture. Forest Pathology 36:297-308.
  • Marshall, H., G.E. Murphy and K. Boston. 2006. Evaluation of the economic impacts of length and diameter measurement error on mechanical processor/harvesters. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:1661-1673.
  • Marshall, H., G.E. Murphy and K. Boston. 2006. Three mathematical models for bucking-to-order. Silva Fennica 40(1):127-142.
  • Melencion, N. and J.J. Morrell. 2007. Effect of fungal attack on monotonic load capacity of simulated wall system assemblies composed of composite panel and solid wood. International Research Group on Wood Protection Document No. IRG/WP/07, Stockholm, Sweden. (In Press).
  • Murphy, G.E., M. Acuna and D. Amishev. 2006. Adaptive control of bucking on harvesters: Target and timing effects. Forest Products Journal 56(11/12):xxx-xxx. (In Press).
  • Saputra, H.A., J. Simonsen and K. Li. 2006. Effects of compatibilizers on the flexural properties of grass straw--polyethylene composites. J. Biobased Mat. Bioenergy. (In Press).
  • Toman, E.M., A.E. Skaugset and G.E. Murphy. 2007. An analysis of the opportunity costs with wet-weather timber hauling. International Journal of Forest Engineering 18(1):15-21.
  • Toman, E.M. and A.E. Skaugset. 2007. Designing forest roads to minimize turbid runoff during wet weather use. Proceedings, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 4th Conference on Watershed Management to Meet Water Quality Standards and TMDLs, March 10-13, San Antonio, TX. (In Press).
  • Zhang, C., K. Li and J. Simonsen. 2006. Terminally functionalized polyethylenes as compatibilizers for wood-polyethylene composites. Polym. Engr. Sci. 46(1):108-113.
  • Bord, A. 2006. Field and laboratory strength analysis of a forest road in NW Oregon and its association with the formation of ruts. M.S. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis. 129 p.


Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

Outputs
1) Field data have been collected, roads resurveyed, and CBR compaction curves completed to determine economic and environmental performance of aggregate forest roads. 2) Computer code for guiding cutting of softwood lumber appearance grades, including the WWPA rules for factory lumber, has been developed and tested in preparation for incorporation into SAW3D and CORY. 3) Synthetic rope as a replacement for wire rope in cable harvesting has been successfully demonstrated for skyline extensions, rigging intermediate supports and tail trees, and for synthetic chokers. After technology transfer activities demonstrated improved environmental performance and yarding productivity to practitioners, rope manufacturers established distributors in the Pacific Northwest. 4) Seismic performance testing of wood-frame shear walls showed fully anchored walls (compared to partially anchored walls) had more evenly distributed damage throughout the wall rather than at the sill plate; more favorable wall performance with respect to capacity, energy dissipation, maximum load, and wall stiffness; and less wall uplift due to a stiff and durable attachment to the foundation. 5) A newly extractable blue essential oil from noble fir foliage may have substantial market value and pharmaceutical applications. Extractive compounds from yellow-cedar heartwood showed promise in reducing sudden oak death disease spore dispersal and for developing alternatives to synthetic chemicals for personal protection against ticks and mosquitoes. 6) A commercially viable compatibilizer system that is superior to maleic anhydride-grafted PE was developed and characterized that combines stearic acid and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) to significantly improved the strength and stiffness of resulting wood-PE composites. 7) Cripple wall sections exposed to combinations of fungus and standing water treatments showed fungal growth in the wet sections at the end of 3 months, but no advanced decay. Full-scale tests (wetted alone and wetted plus fungal exposure in comparison with similar dry wall sections) indicated that moisture uptake was the main source of changes in properties, with losses of 20% of original capacity after one year. 8) FASTBUCK optimal bucking software was expanded to include sweep and wood density stem characteristics. Data from four stands indicated that adaptively varying target proportions for given log-types as stands were harvested only improved overall apportionment degree in one of four test stands, compared with holding the target proportions constant. 9) A method was developed to design the aggregate pavement depth for low volume roads to minimize sediment production during wet weather log hauling, based on an increase in stress at the aggregate/subgrade interface due to the instantaneous loading of a loaded truck axle of less than 50 percent of the monotonic strength of the subgrade; an alternative analysis simulated four different traffic management scenarios to minimize sediment and found opportunity costs of between 2 and 18 percent of total net revenue; and a field test was installed on a road in northern California.

Impacts
These projects are developing the knowledge, science, technology and business management practices necessary to ensure sustainable use of domestic forest resources and maintain a vigorous, competitive forest products industry in the United States. They will ensure that US industry, especially in the west, maintains a competitive edge in processing efficiency and new product innovation, is able to harvest available fiber with minimal environmental and actual cost, and that wood structures meet society's expectations for safety, durability and usability.

Publications

  • Acuna, M. and G.E. Murphy. 2005. Geospatial and within tree variation of wood density and spiral grain in Douglas-fir. Forest Products Journal. (In press).
  • Acuna, M. and G.E. Murphy. 2005. Optimally matching wood to markets: Understanding spatial variation of wood density and spiral grain in Douglas-fir. p. 100-113 In: Soil, Water and Timber Management: forest Engineering Solutions in Response to Forest Regulations. P. Matzka and L. Kellogg, comps. Proceedings of the 2005 Council on Forest Engineering Conference, July 11-14, Fortuna, CA.
  • Boston, K. and A. Bord. 2005. The variability of construction practices and material properties found on forest roads in Oregon. p. 290-301 In: Proceedings, Council on Forest Engineering Annual Meeting, July 11-14, Fortuna, CA.
  • Conradie, I.P., W.D. Greene, J.F. Cox and G.E. Murphy. 2005. Applying the thinking process of the theory of constraints: An exploratory research methodology to evaluate the lack of use of cut-to-length harvesting systems in the Southeastern USA. Journal of Forest Products Research. Voluem 2.
  • Crouse, M. 2006. Synthetic line ... Is synthetic rope in your future. Loggers World 12(2):31-38.
  • Garland, J. and S.J. Pilkerton. 2005. Use of synthetic rope as a skidder winchline for designated skid trails. Proceedings, Council on Forest Engineering Annual Meeting, July 11-14, Fortuna, CA.
  • Geng, Y., K. Li and J. Simonsen. 2005. A combination of poly(diphenylmethane diisocyanate) and stearic anhydride as a novel compatibilizer for wood-polyethylene composites. J. Adhesion Sci. Technol. 19(11):987-1001.
  • Saptura, H., J. Simonsen and K. Li. 2004. Effect of extractives on the flexural properties of wood/plastic composites. Compos. Interfaces 11(7):515-524.
  • Sessions, J., P. Bettinger and G.E. Murphy. 2005. Heuristic approaches in forest planning. In: Handbook on Operations Research in Natural Resources. Andres Weintraub, ed. Springer-Kluwer Publishers.
  • Toman, E.M., A.E. Skaugset and G.E. Murphy. 2005. The opportunities to haul timber during wet weather with forest road improvements. p. 335-342 In: Proceedings, 28th Annual Meeting of the Council on Forest Engineering, Soil, Water and Timber Management: Forest Engineering Solutions in Response to Forest Regulations, July 11-14, Fortuna, CA.
  • Zhang, C., K. Li and J. Simonsen. 2004. Improvement of interfacial adhesion between wood and polypropylene in wood-polypropylene composites. J. Adhesion Sci. Technol. 18(14):1603-1612.
  • White, K.B. 2005. The performance of wood frame shear walls under earthquake loads. M.S. Thesis. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
  • Geng, Y., K. Li and J. Simonsen. 2005. A commercially viable compatibilizer system for wood-polyethylene composites. J. Adhesion Sci. Technol. 19(15):1363-1373.
  • Hartter, J. and J. Garland. 2006. Synthetic rope end connections for use in timber harvesting. International Journal of Forest Engineering 17(1). (In press).
  • Kelsey, R.G., P.E. Hennon, M. Huso and J.J. Karchesy. 2005. Changes in heartwood chemistry of dead yellow-cedar trees that remain standing for 80 years or more in Southeast Alaska. Journal of Chemical Ecology 31:2653-2670.
  • Kent, S.M., R.J. Leichti, D.V. Rosowsky and J.J. Morrell. 2005. Effects of decay on the cyclic properties of nailed connections. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 17(5):579-585.
  • Leichti, R., J.J. Morrell and D. Rosowsky. 2005. Effect of decay on wall system behavior. Wood Design Focus 15(1):3-7.
  • Marshall, H.D., G.E. Murphy and K. Boston. 2005. Three mathematical models for bucking-to-order. Silva Fennica. (In press).
  • Murphy, G.E. 2005. Controlling value recovery along the forest-to-mill supply chain. The International Forestry Review 7(5):130.
  • Murphy, G.E., I. Wilson and B. Barr. 2006. Developing methods for pre-harvest inventories which use the harvester as the sampling tool. Australian Journal of Forestry 69(1):xxx-xxx. (In press).
  • Panella, N.A., M.C. Dolan, J.K. Karchesy, Y. Xiong, J. Peralta-Cruz, M. Khasawneh, J.A. Montenieri and G.O. Maupin. 2005. Use of novel compounds for pest control: Insecticidal and acaricidal activity of essential oil components from heartwood of Alaska yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis). Journal of Medical Entomology 42:352-358.
  • Pilkerton, S.J. and J.J. Garland. 2005. Laboratory and field trials of synthetic rope for skyline applications in cable yarding. Proceedings, Council on Forest Engineering Annual Meeting, July 11-14, Fortuna, CA.


Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
1) Samples from three road segments totaling 2 miles were collected and are now being analyzed. 2) A C++ class structure compatible with an existing hardwood estimator and CORY programs has been developed, and a search algorithm for comparing cutting areas has been developed and tested. 3) Active trials of synthetic rope in yarder applications are yielding positive results. Trials with mainline application indicate needed improvements. A new choker design has been successfully implemented. 4) Wall systems with varying anchorage were tested and showed dramatic effects of insufficient anchorage. Variability of results from cyclic tests was much lower than from monotonic tests. 5) Essential oil extracts of western juniper and Port-Orford Cedar were tested for toxicity by using local lymph node and acute dermal initiation assays; low concentrations shoed no negative effects. Mill residues from three heartwoods have shown significant toxicity to the sudden oak death organism. 6) Strength and stiffness of wood-polyethylene composites with the test compatibilizer were higher than that of controls. Removing wood extractives was shown to improve interfacial strength of the test composites. 7) Equivalency between agar-block tests of wood composites and the more expensive soil block tests was established. The rate of moisture uptake in these tests was highly correlated with weight loss due to fungal decay. Moisture update in wood-plastic composites was found to be extremely low. Scale effects may confound extrapolating results to full-size structural systems. 8) A simple linear deviation from target yields was found to be sufficient for the model control heuristic when an adaptive log price list is used to optimize bucking. 9) A graduate student was recruited and a study plan on road design was developed based on feedback from industry cooperators; landowners are being recruited to implement the experimental design.

Impacts
These projects are developing the knowledge, science, technology and business management practices necessary to ensure sustainable use of domestic forest resources and maintain a vigorous, competitive forest products industry in the United States. They will ensure that US industry, especially in the west, maintains a competitive edge in processing efficiency and new product innovation, is able to harvest available fiber with minimal environmental and actual cost, and that wood structures meet society's expectations for safety, durability and usability.

Publications

  • Ahmed, A.A., T.A. Hussein, A.A. Mahmoud, M.A. Farag, P.W. Pare, M. Wojcinska, J. Karchesy and T.J. Mabry. 2004. Two nor-ent-kaurane diterpenes and two hydroxy lactones from Antennaria geyeri and Anaphalis margaritacea. Phytochemsitry 65:2539-2543.
  • Ahmed, A.A., S.A. El-Moghazy, M.A. El-Shanawany, H.F. Abdel-Ghani, J. Karchesy, G. Sturtz, K. Dalley and P.W. Pare. 2004. Polyol monoterpenes and sesquiterpene lactones from the Pacific Northwest plant Artemisia suksdorfii. Journal of Natural Products 67(10):1705-1710.
  • Barragan-Huerta, B.E., J. Peralta-Cruz, R.F. Gonzales-Laredo and J.J. Karchesy. 2004. Neocandenatone, a new isoflavan-cinnamylphenol quinone methide pigment from Dalbergia congestiflora. Phytochemistry 65:925-928.
  • Craig, A.M., J.J. Karchesy, L.L. Blythe, M.P. Gonzalez-Hernandez and L.R. Swan. 2004. Toxicity studies on western juniper oil (Juniperus occidentalis) and Port-Orford cedar oil (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) extracts utilizing local lymph node and acute dermal irritation assays. Toxicology Letters 154-217-224.
  • Geng, Y., K. Li and J. Simonsen. 2004. Effects of a new compatibilizer system on the flexural properties of wood-polyethylene composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 91:3667-3672.
  • Gupta, R., P. Seaders, K. White, T.H. Miller and M. Clauson. 2004. Seismic performance of code-prescribed shear walls. Abstract. p. 15 In: Biographies and Abstracts, Woodframce Housing and Durability Disaster Issues Conference, October 4-6, Las Vegas, NV. Forest Products Society, Madison, WI.
  • Gupta, R., P. Seaders, K. White, T.H. Miller and M. Clauson. 2004. Performance of code-prescribed shear walls. Abstract. p. 20 In: Biographies and Abstracts, Forest Products Society 58th Annual Meeting, June 27-30, Grand Rapids, MI.
  • Kent, S.M., R.J. Leichti, D.V. Rosowsky and J.J. Morrell. 2004. Biodeterioration effects on nailed connections. p. 583-588 In: Proceedings, 8th World Conference Timber Engineering, June 14-17, Lahti, Finland. (ISBN 951-758-443-1).
  • Kent, S.M., R.J. Leichti, D.V. Rosowsky and J.J. Morrell. 2004. Effects of decay by Postia placenta on the lateral capacity of nailed oriented strandboard sheathing and Douglas-fir framing members. Wood and Fiber Science 36:560-572.
  • Li, K., X. Geng, J. Simonsen and J. Karchesy. 2004. Novel wood adhesives from condensed tannins and polyethyleneimene. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 24:327-333.
  • Murphy, G.E., H.D. Marshall and M.C. Bolding. 2004. Adaptive control of bucking on harvesters to meet order book constraints. Forest Products Journal 54(12):114-121.
  • Murphy, G.E., H.D. Marshall and B. Hock. 2004. Meeting order book constraints by adaptive control of bucking on harvesters. In: Proceedings of the 2003 Symposium for Systems Analysis in Forest Resources, October 7-9, 2003, Stevenson, WA. M. Bevers and T.M. Barrett, comps. Proceedings RMRS-P-000. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT. (In press).
  • Murphy, G.E., I. Wilson and B. Barr. 2004. Pre-harvest inventory versus just-in-time inventory methods - how good are they for optimally matching wood to markets. In: Proceedings of a Joint Conference of IUFRO 3.06 Forest Operations Under Mountainous Conditions and the 12th International Mountain Logging Conference, July, Vancouver, British Columbia. 15 p.
  • Saputra, H., J. Simonsen and K. Li. 2004. Effect of extractives on the flexural properties of wood/plastic composites. Composite Interfaces. (In press).
  • Seaders, P., R. Gupta and T.H. Miller. 2004. Performance of code-prescribed wood shear walls. p. 12-128 In: Proceedings, 8th World Conference on Timber Engineering, Vol 1. (ISBN 951-758-442-3).
  • Zhang, C., K. Li and J. Simonsen. 2004. Improvement of interfacial adhesion between wood and polypropylene in wood-polypropylene composites. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. (In press).
  • Seaders, P. 2004. Performance of partially and fully anchored wood frame shear walls under monotonic cyclic and earthquake loads. M.S. Thesis. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.