Source: NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV submitted to NRP
CHARACTERIZATION AND FATE OF AMMONIA AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS: THEIR EMISSIONS, TRANSPORT, TRANSFORMATIONS.....
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
NRI COMPETITIVE GRANT
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0199243
Grant No.
2004-35112-14253
Cumulative Award Amt.
$479,818.00
Proposal No.
2003-05360
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Apr 1, 2004
Project End Date
Mar 31, 2009
Grant Year
2004
Program Code
[210.1]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV
(N/A)
RALEIGH,NC 27695
Performing Department
MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHERIC SCI
Non Technical Summary
Emissions of ammonia and gaseous sulfur compounds from confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and their impact on PMfine have become a significant national problem. This has influenced air and water quality, human health, and the economy of agricultural regions. This project will lead to a detailed understanding of the extent of such problems and make scientific recommendations on potential solutions.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
25%
Applied
50%
Developmental
25%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1330410207050%
1330499107025%
1333510200025%
Knowledge Area
133 - Pollution Prevention and Mitigation;

Subject Of Investigation
3510 - Swine, live animal; 0499 - Atmosphere, general/other; 0410 - Air;

Field Of Science
2070 - Meteorology and climatology; 1070 - Ecology; 2000 - Chemistry;
Goals / Objectives
The primary objective is to conduct agricultural air quality research, extension and education associated with confined animal feeding operations. We will study the simultaneous emissions, transport, and fate of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide with a view to enhancing the understanding of their impact on fine particulate matter (PMfine). Two conventional animal feeding operation sites will be evaluated for two weeks during the four predominant seasons. The flux data will be normalized for spatial and temporal changes. A variety of physical and chemical parameters will be measured. The specific objectives are, (i) Characterize emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from lagoon, hog barns, soil, and spraying operations, and develop emission factors, and emission inventories. (ii) Formulate the exchange of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide flux in terms of external properties, including physical, chemical, and biological status, and atmospheric processes. This formulation will allow parameterization of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide exchange processes. (iii) Validate and utilize the coupled mass - transfer with chemical reaction, and the equilibrium models for a variety of waste treatment lagoon and soil conditions. (iv) Estimate the deposition velocity and the deposition potential for ammonia and hydrogen sulfide using a variety of micrometeorological, and plant ecological measurements. (v) Estimate the wet deposition potential for ammonium and sulfate, and to systematically analyze the total deposition at a regional scale and to assess it temporal and spatial variability due to changes in the environmental and emission characteristic. (vi) Characterize source - receptor relationships between agricultural emissions, and regional deposition of N and S based on isotopic studies and back - trajectory analysis. (vii) Synthesize the knowledge gained from measurements of emissions and dry deposition of NH3 and H2S into a detailed air quality model to diagnose and reduce the uncertainty in the representation of these processes in such models. (viii) To improve current understanding of the cycling of reduced N and S compounds in the atmosphere, and to investigate the coupling of such compounds with atmospheric aerosols and other criteria pollutants responsible for the acidifying atmospheric load. (ix) Characterize and assess the air quality in the region. (x) To improve the public understanding of air quality issues related to animal feeding operations, resulting in more effective controls of emissions and improvements in regulations and enforcement programs. (xi) Incorporate agricultural air quality in new introductory undergraduate and graduate courses. (xii) Develop and offer courses and short courses on agricultural air quality (atmospheric nitrogen, sulfur, and particulate matter) to the stakeholder community and the students.
Project Methods
A 3-year multi-institutional agricultural air quality research, extension, and education project will be conducted with a multidisciplinary team comprising of air quality, agricultural, and environmental scientists to study the simultaneous emissions and fate of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs). As CAFOs have increasingly become subject to the state and federal regulations, there is an immediate need to develop improved emission inventories, with a view to enhancing the understanding of the fate and transport of emissions related to gases, odor, and particulate matter (PM). This will be undertaken using in-situ chemical and physical measurements. Improvements in the quantification of atmospheric sources and sinks of these compounds suggested by these measurements will be synthesized and incorporated in a comprehensive regional air quality model (Multiscale Air Quality Simulation Platform: MAQSIP) to assess the fate of these emissions on a regional basis, to provide quantitative estimates of the atmospheric budgets of these compounds, and to assess the potential impacts on airborne PMfine levels arising from changes in emissions associated with changes in future agricultural (both animal and crop) practices. Local and regional scale source - receptor relations will be corroborated based on nitrogen and sulfur based isotopic studies, and back trajectory analysis. The measurements will be conducted in eastern North Carolina, and these results will be extended to the Southeast US. This analysis will help develop a comprehensive emission database for agricultural (animal and crop) practices, and provide input to state and federal agencies regarding the fate and transport of ammonia, ammonium, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfate compounds from CAFOs. Results will be disseminated to agribusiness, regulators, and concerned citizens through a series of local meetings, workshops, fact sheets, news articles, and links to web sites. The project team will work directly with the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission (EMC), which is responsible for implementing regulations to protect air quality. Results can be used to modify regulations and policies to improve air quality management. New undergraduate and graduate courses and short courses on agricultural air quality (atmospheric nitrogen, sulfur and particulate matter) will be developed along with courses in transport, dispersion and diffusion of air pollutants. These courses/short courses will be offered to the stakeholder community, and students.

Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06

Outputs
The same sampling protocol as for previous years was repeated at the two sites. Modeling: We have conducted 3-D model baseline simulations and evaluation for Jul., Aug. and Dec. 2002 at a 4-km grid spacing over a domain centered the state of North Carolina (NC) and includes a portion of several adjacent states including South Carolina (SC), Georgia (GA), Tennessee (TN), West Virginia (WV), and Virginia (VA). The modeling system we used consists of the 5th Generation Penn State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR) Mesoscale Model (i.e., MM5) version 3.7, the Carolina Environmental Program's (CEP) Sparse Matrix Operation Emission (SMOKE) modeling system version 2.1, and the U.S. EPA Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system version 4.4. MM5/CMAQ give an overall good performance for meteorological variables and O3 mixing ratios and a reasonably good performance for PM2.5. The simulations show that 10-40% of total NH3 is converted to NH4+ at/near source and 40-100% downwind in August, and the conversion rates are 20-50% at/near source and 50-98% downwind in December. While the 3-D atmospheric models demonstrate some skills in capturing synoptic meteorological patterns, diurnal variations of concentrations of oxidants and PM2.5, and regional transport and transformation of NHx, reproducing meteorological and chemical features at a local scale and the magnitudes of hourly concentrations of oxidants and PM2.5 remain changllening. We have conducted a number of sensitivity simulations to investigate the roles of NH3 emissions in forming PM2.5 and to evaluate the accuracy of the NH3 emission inventory used (e.g., Hu et al., 2006, 2007), the sensitivity of simulated dry deposition fluxes to a number of meteorological parameters (Krishnan et al., 2006), and the sensitivity of simulated wet deposition amounts of PM species to various cloud microphysics schemes available in MM5 (Queen et al., 2006, 2007, Queen and Zhang, 2007a, b). The baseline 4-km emissions are generated based on the NH3 emission inventory developed under the VISTAS program (http://www.vista-sesarm.org.asp) (referred to as NH3-VISTAS hereafter). The Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) NH3 model version 3.6 is used to calculate NH3 emissions in NH3-VISTAS that have been improved from previous emission estimates based on the EPA 1999 National Emission Inventories version 2 with activity and growth data of CMU NH3 model version 3.1 Extension: We presented two 1-hr talks on (1) use of amendments in air quality in hog production and (2) the impacts of hog effluent application method on ammonia emissions at the Wilson Pork Conference during November 2006. The total attendance was >100 people. A fact sheet was published in two versions (long and short versions) on poultry litter amendments including effects on reducing ammonia emissions. A fact sheet on the use of amendments in swine manure pits and lagoons for improving air quality is in review since October 2006. Another fact sheet on the impact of lagoon covers on reducing air emissions is under preparation.

Impacts
Study will provide comprehensive information from measurements, models, and synthesis on source, transport, transformation, deposition, and modification of the agricultural emissions in North Carolina.

Publications

  • Blunden, J., V. P. Aneja, and J. H. Overton, Measurement and modeling of hydrogen sulfide emissions across the gas-liquid interface of an anaerobic swine waste treatment lagoon, Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, June 5-8, 2006, Potomac, MD.
  • Blunden, J., V. P. Aneja, and W. A. Lonneman, Characterization of Non-Methane Volatile Organic compounds at five confined Animal feeding operations in North Carolina, Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, June 5-8, 2006, Potomac, MD.
  • Blunden, J., V. P. Aneja, and P. W. Westermann, Measurement and analysis of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from an Anaerobic swine waste treatment lagoon and confinement building in North Carolina, Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, June 5-8, 2006, Potomac, MD.
  • Blunden, J., V. P. Aneja and P. W. Westerman. Characterization of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from a swine farm in North Carolina. Presented at: 232nd American Chemical Society (ACS) National Meeting, September 10-14, 2006. San Francisco, CA.
  • Goetz, S., V. P. Aneja, and Y. Zhang, Measurement, analysis, and modeling, of inorganic fine particulate matter in rural, ammonia-rich areas in Eastern North Carolina, Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, June 5-8, 2006, Potomac, MD.
  • Hu, J.-L., S.-Y. Wu, Y. Zhang, and V. P. Aneja, 2006, Ammonia Emissions and their Implications on Fine Particulate Matter Formation in North Carolina, poster presentation at the Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, June 5-8, Potomac, MD, also in the Workshop Proceedings, 4 pages.
  • Konarik, S., V. P. Aneja, and D. Niyogi, Precipitation Chemistry and Agricultural Air Quality, International Conference on Mesoscale Processes in Atmosphere, Ocean and Environmental Systems (IMPA2006), New Delhi, India, February 14-17, 2006.
  • Konarik, S., V. P. Aneja, and D. Niyogi, Trends in agricultural ammonia emissions and ammonium concentrations in precipitation over the Southeast and Midwest United States, Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, June 5-8, 2006, Potomac, MD.
  • Krishnan, S., S.-Y. Wu, D. Hamilton, Y. Zhang, and V. P. Aneja, 2006, Application and Evaluation of MM5 for North Carolina with a 4-km Horizontal Grid Spacing, oral presentation at the 86th Annual AMS Conference/the 14th Joint Conference on the Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology with the A&WMA, 27 Jan. to 3 Feb., Atlanta, GA, also in the Conference Proceedings, 8 pages.
  • Krishnan, S., Y. Zhang, and V. P. Aneja, S.-Y. Wu, R. Mathur, 2006, Modeling Study of Dry Deposition of Ammonia in North Carolina, poster presentation at the Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, June 5-8, Potomac, MD, also in the Workshop Proceedings, 1 page.
  • Occhipinti, C., V. P. Aneja, W. Showers, and D. Niyogi, Isotopic and Back trajectory analysis on Rainfall chemistry for developing source-receptor relationships in fine particulate matter formation, Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, June 5-8, 2006, Potomac, MD.
  • Occhipinti, C., C. Scott, and V. P. Aneja, Coupling gaseous ammonia, fine particulate matter, and the role of precursor transport in North Carolina, Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, June 5-8, 2006, Potomac, MD.
  • Paul, S., D. Niyogi, J. G. Alfieri, P. Albert, F. Chen, M. A. Lemone, and V. P. Aneja, Exploration and application of statistical methods to identify vegetation-surface-atmospheric interactions using field observations, Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, June 5-8, 2006, Potomac, MD.
  • Wu, S.-Y., J.-L. Hu, and Y. Zhang, 2006, Modeling Transport and Chemistry of Ammonia in North Carolina: Seasonality and Process Analysis, poster presentation at the Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, June 5-8, Potomac, MD, also in the Workshop Proceedings, 2 pages.
  • Zhang, Y., S.-Y. Wu, J.-L. Hu, S. Krishnan, K. Wang, A., Queen, V. P. Aneja, and P. Arya, 2006, Modeling Agricultural Air Quality: Current Status, Major Challenges, and Outlook, oral presentation at the Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, June 5-8, Potomac, MD, also in the Workshop Proceedings, 5 pages.
  • Aneja, V.P., D. Nelson, P. Roelle, J. Walker and W. Battye, Agricultural ammonia emissions and ammonium deposition associated with precipitation in the southeast United States", 2005 Particulate Matter Supersites Program and Related Studies, American Association for Aerosol Research International Specialty Conference, Atlanta, GA, February 7-11, 2005.
  • Aneja, V.P., Nitrogen Emissions and Intensively Managed Agriculture, 2005 North Carolina Environmental Conference, Greenville, NC, March 7, 2005.
  • Goetz, S., V.P. Aneja, H. Kimball, and J. Steger, Measurement and analysis of fine particulate matter (PMfine) in North Carolina, 2005 Particulate Matter Supersites Program and Related Studies, American Association for Aerosol Research International Specialty Conference, Atlanta, GA, February 7-11, 2005.
  • Konarik, S., V.P. Aneja, and D. Niyogi, Trends in Agricultural Ammonia Emissions and Ammonium Concentrations in Precipitation over Southeast and Midwest United States, NADP 2005 Annual Meeting: Science Supporting Resource Management, Jackson, Wyoming, September 27-30, 2005.
  • Occhipinti, C., V.P. Aneja, W. Showers, D. Niyogi, Isotopic and Back Trajectory Analysis on Rainfall Chemistry for Developing Source-Receptor Relationships in Fine Particulate Matter Formation, NADP 2005 Annual Meeting: Science Supporting Resource Management, Jackson, Wyoming, September 27-30, 2005.
  • Rumsey, I.C., K.S. Bajwa, V.P. Aneja, and S.P. Arya, Measurements and modeling of ammonia emissions from North Carolina hog frams, 2005 Animal Waste Management Symposium, Research Triangle Park, NC, October 5-7, 2005.
  • Wu, S.-Y., S. Krishnan, J.-L. Hu, C. Misenis, Y. Zhang, V. P. Aneja, and R. Mathur, 2005, Simulating the Atmospheric Fate of Ammonia in Southeast U.S. using CMAQ with a 4-km Resolution, poster presentation at the 2005 Models-3 Workshop, September 26-28, Chapel Hill, NC, also in the Workshop Proceedings, 5 pages.
  • Completed Theses Author: Bajwa, Kanwardeep Singh Title: Measurements and Modeling of Emissions, Dispersion and Dry Deposition of Ammonia from Swine Facilities Degree: PhD, 2006 URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08162006-140754/
  • Author: Blunden, Jessica Title: Measurement, analysis and modeling of hydrogen sulfide emissions from a swine facility in North Carolina Degree: PhD, 2006 URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08152006-140153/
  • Author: Goetz, Stephen Burgoyne Title: Measurement, Analysis, and Modeling of Fine Particulate Matter in Eastern North Carolina Degree: MS, 2005 URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01042006-092443/
  • Author: Konarik, Stephen Brian Title: Trends in Agricultural Ammonia Emissions and Ammonium Concentrations in Precipitation over the Southeast and Midwest United States Degree: Master of Science, 2006 URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09102006-215638/
  • Author: Occhipinti, Christopher Olovson Title: Nitrate Isotopic Composition in Rainfall and Fine Particulate Matter: Back Trajectory, Meteorology, and Source - Receptor Relationship Analysis Degree: Master of Science, 2006 URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08192006-133904/
  • Peer-reviewed journal publications Wu, S.-Y., S. Krishnan, and Y. Zhang, and V. Aneja, 2007, Modeling Atmospheric Transport and Fate of Ammonia in North Carolina, Part I. Evaluation of Meteorological and Chemical Predictions, Atmos. Environ., in review.
  • Konarik, S., and V.P. Aneja, 2006, Trends in agricultural ammonia emissions and ammonium concentrations in precipitation over the Southeast and Midwest United States, Atmospheric Environment, in review.
  • Occhipinti, C, V. P. Aneja, W. Showers, and D. Niyogi, 2006, Nitrate Isotopic Composition in Rainfall and Fine Particulate Matter: Back Trajectory Analysis and Source - Receptor Relationships, Atmospheric Environment, in review.
  • Bulletins/Factsheets Shah, S., P. Westerman and J. Parsons. 2006. Poultry Litter Amendments. NC Extension Bulletin AG-657. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. 2 pg. http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/publicat/wqwm/poultry/fact sheet_agw-657short.pdf
  • Shah, S., P. Westerman and J. Parsons. 2006. Poultry Litter Amendments. NC Extension Bulletin AGW-657. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. 8 pg. http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/publicat/wqwm/poultry/fact sheet_agw-657long.pdf
  • Shah, S., P. Westerman and G. Grabow. 2007. Improving Air Quality on Hog Farms by Using Additives in Under-slat Shallow Pits and Anaerobic Lagoons. In review for Extension fact sheet.
  • Conference presentations/proceedings Aneja, V. P., Ammonia Emissions from Animal Production Agriculture and Associated Impacts to the NC Environment, North Carolina General Assembly, Sen. Albertson Informational Forum on Ammonia Emissions from Confined Animal Feeding Operations, Raleigh, NC 27695, January 17, 2007.
  • Aneja, V. P., J. Blunden, K. James, William H. Schlesinger, Raymond Knighton, Wendell Gilliam, and Dev Niyogi, Ammonia Assessment from Agriculture: Status and National Needs, International Ammonia Conference in Agriculture, Ede, The Netherlands, March 19-21, 2007.
  • Blunden, J., and Aneja, V. P., Characterization of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from a swine farm in North Carolina, North Carolina Division of Air Quality, February, 5, 2007.
  • Blunden, J., V. P. Aneja, and W.A. Lonneman. Characterization of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds at Five Swine Facilities in North Carolina. 4th Gordon Research Conference on Biogenic Hydrocarbons and the Atmosphere, Ventura, CA, Feb 25-Mar 2, 2007.
  • Blunden, J., and Aneja, V. P., Measurements and modeling of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from a commercial swine finishing operation in North Carolina, Air and Waste Management Association 100th Annual Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, June 26-29, 2007.
  • James, K. M. and V. P. Aneja, Nitrogen Emissions from Agricultural Sources, Air and Waste Management Association 100th Annual Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, June 26-29, 2007.
  • Aneja, V.P., Air Quality Measurement and Analysis, 2006 Environmental Partnership Summit, Improving our Air-Protecting our Health, September 26-27, 2006, RTP, NC.
  • Aneja, V.P., and S. P. Arya, Clearing the Air: Emerging Issues in Agricultural Air Quality, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, October 13, 2006.
  • Aneja, V.P., J. Blunden, and S. Konarik. Trends in agricultural ammonia emissions and ammonium concentrations in precipitation over the Southeast and Midwest United States. Presented at: Workshop on Reduced Nitrogen in Ecology and the Environment, Oetz Valley, Austria, October 14-18, 2006.
  • Aneja, V.P. and J. Blunden. Agricultural Air Quality: Characterization of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions. Presented at: University of Alabama in Huntsville, October 25, 2006.
  • Aneja, V.P., J. Blunden, S. Konarik and Chris Occhipinti, Trends in agricultural ammonia emissions and ammonium concentrations in precipitation over the Southeast and Midwest United States: Challenges for the Research Community. UNECE Ammonia Workshop, December 4-6, 2006, Edinburgh, Scotland.
  • Aneja, V.P., Emerging Issues in Agricultural Air Quality: Challenges for the Agricultural Research Community, Presented at: 232nd American Chemical Society (ACS) National Meeting, September 10-14, 2006. San Francisco, CA.
  • Bajwa, K. S., S. P. Arya, and V. P. Aneja, Ammonia emissions and dry deposition studies at some hog farms in North Carolina, Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, June 5-8, 2006, Potomac, MD.
  • Hu, J.-L., S.-Y. Wu, Y. Zhang, and V. P. Aneja, 2007, Modeling Atmospheric Transport and Fate of Ammonia in North Carolina, Part II. Effect of Ammonia Emissions on Fine Particulate Matter Formation, Atmos. Environ., in review.
  • Zhang, Y., S.-Y. Wu, S. Krishnan, K. Wang, A. Queen, V. P. Aneja, and P. Arya, 2007, Modeling Agricultural Air Quality: Current Status, Major Challenges, and Outlook, Atmos. Environ., in press.
  • Bajwa, K. S., S. P. Arya, and V. P. Aneja, 2006, Modeling studies of Ammonia dispersion and dry deposition studies at some hog farms in North Carolina, Atmospheric Environment, in review.
  • Blunden, J., V. P. Aneja, and P. W. Westerman, 2006, Measurement and analysis of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from a mechanically ventilated swine confinement building in North Carolina, Atmospheric Environment, in review.
  • Blunden, J., and V. P. Aneja, 2006, Characterizing ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from a swine waste treatment lagoon in North Carolina, Atmospheric Environment, in review.
  • Blunden, J., V. P. Aneja, and J. H. Overton, 2006, Modeling hydrogen sulfide emissions across the gas-liquid interface of an anaerobic swine waste treatment storage system, Atmospheric Environment, in review.
  • Goetz, S., V.P. Aneja, and Y. Zhang, 2006, Measurements, analysis, and modeling of fine particulate matter in Eastern North Carolina, Atmospheric Environment, in review.


Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04

Outputs
Monitoring: Fall 2004 Field sampling at Moore Brothers Farm, Kinston, NC from Oct 26, 2004 to Nov 9, 2004. NH3/H2S Continuous Measurements using TEI Model 17C Chemiluminescence's NH3 Analyzer, TEI Model 450C Pulsed Fluorescence H2S/SO2 Analyzer. Measurement locations: Swine waste storage lagoon - Oct 26 to Nov 1; Ambient Air (10 m) Nov 02 and 03; Nov 05 to 08; 36 inch Barn Ventilation Fan Nov 03 to 05; Crop Soil Nov 08 to 09 Lagoon liquid waste samples collected 2-3 times daily while lagoon emissions are made and analyzed for sulfide, NH3, and TKN while lagoon emissions are made. Lagoon temperature (7 cm depth) and pH both inside and outside the chamber were continuously monitored. Meteorological data continuously monitored :Wind speed/ direction (10 m), Temperature (2 m), Relative Humidity (2 m), Solar Radiation (2 m). All data recorded every second by CR10X datalogger and averaged over 15 min interval. Particulate Matter (PM2.5): Collected using an annular denuder system (samples collected over 24-h) at Moore Farm (between last barn and storage lagoon) and Lenoir Community College (3 miles NW of farm). Analysis made for nitrate, sulfate, total PM2.5 Modeling: Contacted the Visibility Improvement State and Tribal Association of the Southeast to obtain a testbed covering southeastern U.S. with a 12-km horizontal resolution for the CMAQ model simulation. Will obtain the CMAQ model inputs (i.e., meteorology, emissions, initial and boundary conditions) for one winter episode (i.e., January 2002) and one summer episode (i.e., July 2002) from the VISTA annual 2002 run. Back trajectory analysis for source apportionment work was completed for 2004 for N15 isotope analysis and Hysplit model trajectories. Extension: Two presentations at Hog production and air quality, Trenton, Jones Co. (4 October 2004): This 1 hour talk was presented to a 20-person audience; and Air quality and emissions research update, Kinston, Lenoir Co. (18 November 2004): This 1-hour presentation was made at the Regional Pork Conference organized by Eve Honeycutt (area agent, livestock and forages) and others. More than 125 people attended the conference. As part of the Liquid waste application using hose drag technology (Option 8) training, a hour presentation titled Hose drag waste applicator impacts on ammonia and odor was made to an audience of 20 growers, custom applicators, state and federal employees on 18 May 2004 Two fact sheets were planned for 2004: (i) Liquid manure application using hose drag method and peer review and revisions completed; (ii) Amendments for reducing ammonia losses from animal housing facilities: heading changed to Poultry litter amendments since amendments for solid wastes are more popular than for liquid wastes. Working on the first draft of the fact sheet. Expand and strengthen the air quality component of BAEs Extension website - work has started on developing fact sheets and organizing website. Develop material for web site for the extension component of the NRI Air Quality Project underway.

Impacts
Study will provide comprehensive information from measurements, models, and synthesis on source, transport, transformation, deposition, and modification of the agricultural emissions in North Carolina.

Publications

  • G. Grabow, K. Shaffer, and S. Shah, 2004, Factsheet on Liquid manure application using hose drag method under preparation
  • S. Shah and P. Westerman, 2004, Factsheet on Amendments for reducing ammonia losses from animal housing under preparation
  • Aneja V., Niyogi D., Roelle P., 2005, An integrated perspective on assessing agricultural air quality from animal feeding operations, International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, in review.
  • Dev Niyogi, Kiran Alapaty, Sharon B. Phillips and Viney P. Aneja, 2005, An ecological scheme for deposition velocity estimates for regional air quality modeling, In American Association for Aerosol Research International Specialty Conference February 7-11, 2005, Sheraton Atlanta Hotel, Atlanta, GA
  • Aneja and Niyogi, 2005, organizing and co-chairing a session at the American Association for Aerosol Research International Specialty Conference on Dry Deposition Of Total Nitrogen: Next Steps For Improving Quantification February 7-11, 2005, Sheraton Atlanta Hotel, Atlanta, GA
  • Aneja, V.P., J. Blunden, C.S. Claiborn, and H. H. Rogers, 2004, "Dynamic chamber system to measure gaseous compounds emissions and atmospheric-biospheric interactions", NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Environmental Simulation Chambers: Application to Atmospheric Chemical Processes, Zakopane, Poland, October 1-4, 2004.