Progress 10/01/03 to 10/01/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Results from this project have been disseminated via educational seminars for clientele groups, field days, nematode assay reports and management recommendations, and trade journal articles. During the six years of this project I have spoken at 63 seminars to an audience of 4500 clientele. I have participated in 7 field days where I shared research results with approximately 2000 people. We have performed 13,000 nematode diagnoses and provided management recommendations incorporating the knowledge gained in this project. In addition to scientific journal publications, I have authored 15 trade journal articles and 13 extension publications that include the results from this research project. PARTICIPANTS: William T. Crow - PI Robin M. Giblin-Davis - CO-PI TARGET AUDIENCES: Golf course superintendents Park and athletic field managers Pest control operators Homeowners Nurserymen Cut foliage growers Sod growers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The results of our research on use of 1,3-dichloropropene to control nematodes on established turfgrasses has led to the registration of Curfew Soil Fumigant as a nematicide on golf and sports turf. This is now the primary nematicide used on golf and sports turf in the southeastern United States. The results of our research also has led to submission of several new softer nematicides and biological controls that are currently under review by EPA. Our research has led to the recognition of the damage potential of nematodes to seashore paspalum. This knowledge has been very important in developing management recommendations on this grass. Our research evaluating the susceptibility of perennial ornamentals has led to new recommendations for plant selection in nematode infested landscapes. Our research on the diagnosis and virulence of species of stubby-root and spiral nematodes on turfgrasses has led to the development of species-specific risk thresholds used by the nematode diagnostic service. This has helped reduce the number of times that nematiicides are recommended. By studying the seasonal population dynamics of sting nematode on bermudagrass we are able to give much better recommendations on the timing of nematicide applications. This has allowed turfgrass managers to use nematicides less often, but with improved affect. Additionally, the population dynamics studies revealed the importance of winter overseeding on sting nematode reproduction. Therefore, we are recommending that when possible winter overseeding be avoided on golf courses with sting nematode infestation. This has greatly reduced the severity of sting nematode problems on these courses.
Publications
- Buckley R.J., Koppenhofer A.M., Crow W.T. 2008. An integrated approach to nematode management in turfgrass. Clippings & Green World 70, Summer 2008,6-22.
|
Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Conducted two field experiments evaluating the biological control of sting nematode using Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 on turfgrasses and two more are ongoing. Conducted field experiments evaluating Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 for biological control of root-knot nematodes on ornamental bedding plants ans perennial ornamentals. Conducted a field trial evaluating the potential of Pasteuria penetrans as a rescue treatment against existing infestations of root-knot nematodes on perennial ornamental plants. Initiated greenhouse and field trials studying Candidatus 'Pasteuria usgae' as a biopesticide for control of sting nematodes on turfgrasses. Evaluated several experimental nematicides in field trials for efficacy against sting nematode on turfgrasses.
PARTICIPANTS: Partner organizations include: Florida Turfgrass Association, Florida Golf Course Superintendents Association, Florida Nursery Growers and Landscape Association, Golf Course Superintendents Association of America.
TARGET AUDIENCES: Golf course superintendents, athletic field managers, nursery growers, landscape professionals, sod growers.
Impacts
Trials are ongoing and results are preliminary. However, Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 and Candidatus 'Pasteuria usgae' are showing promise as biopesticides for control of sting nematode on turf.
Publications
- Luc, J. E., W. T. Crow, J. L. Stimac, J. B. Sartain, and R. M. Giblin-Davis. 2007. Effects of Belonolaimus longicaudatus management and nitrogen fertility on turf quality of golf course fairways. Journal of Nematology 39:61-66.
- Luc, J. E., W. T. Crow, J. L. Stimac, J. B. Sartain, and R. M. Giblin-Davis. 2006. Influence of Belonolaimus longicaudatus on nitrate leeching in turf. Journal of Nematology 38:461-465.
- Crow, W. T. 2007. Hidden pests of perennials. Ornamental Outlook 16(6):28-30.
- Crow, W. T. 2007. Nematodes-small worms than can cause big trouble. Florida Pest Pro 3(1):5-7.
|
Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
In 2006 we conducted research evaluating sodium azide as a nematicide for use on established turfgrasses. This gave outstanding results and we will continue working with this material in the future. We evaluated late winter/spring applications of the fungus Paecilomyces lilacanus for biological control of sting nematode. P. lilacanus caused some suppression of sting nematode, we are presently conducting trials with fall/winter applications to further increase its efficacy. We also are evaluating this fungus for biological control of root-knot nematodes on ornamental plant nursery stock. We initiated trials using Pasteuria usgae for biological control of sting nematode. We are attempting to identify effective rates and application methods for this bacterium. We also initiated trials using Pasteuria penetrans for biological control of root-knot nematodes on ornamental plant nursery stock. We have shown reduction in sting nematode populations on turfgrasses using
furfural and are continuing our studies to find better application methods. We are continuing a two year field study of sting nematode population dynamics in order to identify the optimum time to apply nematicides on golf course turf. We concluded research evaluating use of 1,3-dichloropropene as a nematicide on sod. Sod harvestability was improved in two of three trials following injection of 1,3-D. We continued evaluation of formulated mustard bran as a biologically based nematicide for use on turf.
Impacts
By developing an integrated pest manegement strategy for nematodes on turfgrasses and ornamentals we will help insure the health of the green industry and reduce negative environmental impacts of excessive pesticide, fertilzer, and water use.
Publications
- Crow, W. T., D. L. Porazinska, R. M. Giblin-Davis, and P. S. Grewal. 2006. Entomopathogenic nematodes are not an alternative to fenamiphos for management of plant-parasitic nematodes on golf courses in Florida. Journal of Nematology 38:52-58.
- Crow, W. T. 2006. Biological Control of Nematodes: Cracking Open the Black Box. Florida Turf Digest 23:20-24.
- Crow, W. T. 2005. Alternatives to fenamiphos for management of plant-parasitic nematodes on bermudagrass. Journal of Nematology 37:477-482.
- Crow, W. T., T. Lowe, and D. W. Lickfeldt. 2005. Effects of fall overseeding and nematicide applications on populations of sting nematode. USGA Green Section Record 43(6):8-11.
|
Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
In 2005 we evaluated two potential biological controls for plant-parasitic nematodes on turfgrasses in field trials. One of these was the bacterium Bacillus firmus. B. firmus reduce population densities of sting and spiral nematodes in a golf course putting green. Another potential biological control organism is the fungus Paecilomyces lilicanus, a parasite of nematode eggs. In trial on two golf course putting greens this fungus did not reduce populations of sting nematode. We field tested several botanical nematicides including black walnut extract, and extract from the neem tree, neither of which reduced sting nematode populations in the field. We conducted several experiments using different application methods for applying furfural to turfgrass to control different nematode species. We evaluated the biologically based nematicide Ditera on turfgrass in two trials in the field. Ditera reduced populations of some nematode species and warrants further study. We
evaluated different methods for applying avermectin to turfgrases in order to improve its efficacy. We evaluated several cultivars of St. Augustinegrass attempting to identify resistance or tolerance to sting, lance, and stubby-root nematodes. Differences were detected among cultivars regarding susceptibility to sting and stubby-root nematodes. We initiated field trials studying the pathogenicity of two species of stunt nematode on St. Augustinegrass, and the ability to manage these nematodes with 1,3-dichloropropene. We initiated two field trials studying the effects of soil temperature and root growth on population densities of sting nematode in order to predict the optimum time to apply nematicides. We evaluated gardenia germplasm for resistance to root-knot nematodes. We identified two perennial landscape plants, firespike and croton cv. Gold Dust as resistant to root knot nematodes. We identified a root-knot nematode parasitizing pecan that had not been reported in Florida
previously.
Impacts
In 2005 we identified a bacterium with potential for reducing nematode problems on turfgrasses. We also identified cultivars of turfgrasses and ornamentals that are resistant to some nematodes and may be used in infested landscapes.
Publications
- Crow, W. T., R. Levin, L. A. Halsey, and J. R. Rich. 2005. First report of Meloidogyne partityla on pecan in Florida. Plant Disease 89:1128.
- Crow, W. T., D. W. Lickfeldt, and J. B. Unruh. 2005. Management of sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus) on bermudagrass putting greens with 1,3-dichloropropene. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 10(2):734-741.
- Trenholm, L.E., D. W. Lickfeldt, and W. T. Crow. 2005. Use of 1,3-dichloropropene to reduce irrigation requirements of sting nematode infested bermudagrass. HortScience 40(5):1543-1548.
- Hixson, A. C., W. T. Crow, R. McSorley, and L. T. Trenholm. 2005. Saline irrigation affects Belonolaimus longicaudatus and Hoplolaimus galeatus on seashore paspalum. Journal of Nematology 37:37-44.
- Crow, W. T. 2005. Plant-parasitic nematodes on golf course turf. Outlooks on Pest Management 16(1):277-282.
- Crow, W. T. 2005. Diagnosis of Trichodorus obtusus and Paratrichodorus minor on turfgrasses in the southeastern United States. Plant Health Progress (on-line journal, no page numbers), doi:10.1094/PHP-2005-0121-01-DG.
- Hixson, A. C., W. T. Crow, R. McSorley, and L. T. Trenholm. 2004. Host status of 'SeaIsle 1' seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) to Belonolaimus longicaudatus and Hoplolaimus galeatus. Journal of Nematology 36(4):493-498.
|
Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
Identified seashore paspalum as a susceptible host for sting and lance nematodes and discovered that use of high-salinity irrigation is a possible nematode management tool on this salt-tolerant grass species. Discovered that plant-parasitic nematodes can negatively impact fresh water resources by decreasing drought tolerance in turf and increasing the potential for nitrate leaching in turf systems. Found that post-plant applications of 1,3-dichloropropene can be an effective control measure for sting nematode on bermudagrass. Discovered methods to distinguish common genera of spiral nematodes on turfgrasses. Proved the stubby-root nematode Trichodorus obtusus is more damaging to turfgrasses than Paratrichodorus minor and discovered ways to distinguish them in a diagnostic setting. Conducted a field survey of Florida golf courses and found that 87% had potentially damaging populations of plant-parasitic nematodes. Conducted research evaluating the effectiveness of 24
products as fenamiphos replacements for use on turfgrasses. Conducted research evaluating the susceptibility of 6 perennial ornamental plants to 4 species of root-knot nematodes. Evaluated the susceptibility of 6 cultivars of St. Augustinegrass to sting and lance nematodes. Investigated 9 potential cultivars of gardenia for resistance to 3 species of root-knot nematodes.
Impacts
Improved knowledge of the susceptibilty of different turfgrasses and ornamental plants to plant-parasitic nematodes will lead to more accurate diagnosis of plant disorders and improved management recommendations. Better diagnostic methods will reduce the number of unneccessary nematicide applications. Identification of new management techniques will help preserve the economical viability of the turfgrass and ornamental plant industries.
Publications
- Hixson, A. C., and W. T. Crow. 2004. First report of plant-parasitic nematodes on seashore paspalum. Plant Disease 88:680.
- Crow, W. T., R. M. Giblin-Davis, and D. W. Lickfeldt. 2003. Slit Injection of 1,3-dichloropropene for management of Belonolaimus longicaudatus on established bermudagrass. Journal of Nematology 35:302-305.
- Crow, W. T, and N. R. Walker. 2003. Diagnosis of Peltamigratus christiei, a plant-parasitic nematode associated with warm-season turfgrasses in the southern United States. Plant Health Progress, doi:10.1094/PHP-2003-0513-01-DG.
- Crow, W. T., and J. K. Welch. 2004. Root reductions of St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) and hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon x C. Transvaalensis) induced by Trichodorus obtusus and Paratrichodorus minor. Nematropica:34:31-37.
|
|