Progress 03/22/10 to 03/21/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Rice breeders and scientists, students, rice producers and industry. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Trained PhD students in classical breeding, from planting to selection of desirable phenotype. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were disseminated in annual rice field days, and in farmers and scientist meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Antonio and Colorado, the two newly released varieties are both ready for commercial plantings. Breeder seeds were generated every year as needed in the production of foundation, registered and certified commercial seeds. Antonio was planted in more than 4,000 acres of commercial fields during the past two years with reported yields of more than 7,000 lbs. per acre. Promising breeding lines with higher grain yield and better quality than these varieties are in the advanced trials. To continue the development of new varieties, hybridization and generation advancement are conducted yearly and the winter nursery in Puerto Rico is annually established. Performance trials were conducted in several years and locations to identify promising line for varietal release. In 2015, the breeding program had nurseries as well as replicated yield trials. In more than 1,000 selections in 4,000 rows at the pedigree nursery (PN), 101 will be advanced to the observational nursery (ON) while 926 will be retained at PN for further selection. Preliminary selection in ON identified 809 lines for further evaluation and 173 lines as possible yield trial candidates. In the preliminary yield trial with yield ranged 3,157-8,665 lbs. per acre, 24 breeding lines better than checks were selected for advanced trials. The state preliminary yield trial (SPYT) conducted in two locations included 40 elite lines including checks. Main crop yields in Beaumont ranged from 4,171-7,939 lbs. per acre while yields in Eagle Lake ranged from 6,111-8,066 lbs. per acre. Considering previous data, 11 entries were selected for multi-state trials. Entries included lines involving O. glaberrima and Clearfield gene. The program included 38 promising inbred lines in the 2015 multi-state trial. Yield ranged from 4,325-9,222 lbs. per acre with the highest yielding Texas entry at 8,282 lbs. per acre. Across state, eight breeding lines ranked in the top 50 of 200 entries. Potential donors for important traits such as cold tolerance, drought, anaerobic germination and herbicide tolerance have been identified and used for crosses but the search for better parental is continuing. Several selections were found effective for multiple stresses. In particular, a genotype was found to germinate at early seeding (with colder temperature) even when submerged in four inches (10 cm) water depth for weeks. Some herbicide tolerant selections were also found to have some degree of tolerance to drought at reproductive stage. Although the current search for donors identified good sources, use of mutagen was initiated in 2015 to generate mutants from variety Antonio. Advanced generation from treated seeds was used to screen for herbicide and cold tolerance. Initial selections was done and scheduled for further evaluation. A very high tillering dwarf mutant was initially isolated. Collaborative activities with USDA mapped and validated quantitative trait loci associated with tiller production in rice and registered three long grain tropical japonica rice germplasm lines containing novel indica alleles that increase tiller production and grain yield. Furthermore, DNA marker-assisted evaluation of promising elite lines for blast disease and grain quality were completed through USDA collaborators.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Tabien, R. E., C. L. Harper, and P. M. Frank. 2015. Registration of Antonio, a very early high yielding U.S. conventional long grain rice cultivar. J Plant Registrations. 1:53-59.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Tabien, R. E., S. O. P. B. Samonte, L. T. Wilson, C. L. Harper, J. C. Medley, and P. Frank. 2015. Development and registration of a high yielding rice cultivar Colorado. J Plant Registrations. 1:60-66
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Pinson, S. R. M., Y. Wang, and R. E. Tabien. 2015. Mapping and validation of quantitative trait loci associated with tiller production in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Crop Sci. 55:1537-1551Pinson, S. R. M., Y. Wang, and R. E. Tabien. 2015. Mapping and validation of quantitative trait loci associated with tiller production in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Crop Sci. 55:1537-1551
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Kondhia, A., R. E. Tabien, A. M. Ibrahim. 2015. Evaluation and selection of high biomass rice (Oryza sativa L.) for drought tolerance. American J Plant Sci. 6:1962-1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2015.612197
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Zhou, X. G., G. Liu, and R. E. Tabien. 2014. Evaluation of rice cultivars and elite lines for resistance to blast, sheath blight and narrow brown leaf spot on main and ratoon crops, 2013 Plant Disease Management Reports 8: FC239
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Tabien, R. E. and C. Harper. 2015. Anaerobic germination of selected rice genotypes. Texas Rice Special Section Highlighting Research in 2015:1-3
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Tabien, R. E. and C. Harper. 2015. Rice germination in cold water and anaerobic condition. Texas Rice Special Section Highlighting Research in 2015:3-4
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Tabien, R. E., C. Harper, P. Carre and K Jones. 2015. Screening for very early direct seeding in rice. Texas Rice Special Section Highlighting Research in 2015:5-7
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Tabien, R. E., C. Harper, P. Carre and K Jones. 2015. Reproductive drought tolerance of herbicide tolerant rice. Texas Rice Special Section Highlighting Research in 2015:4-5
|
Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: Rice research scientists and Texas rice producers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The results were presented during the 35th Rice Technical Working Group Meeting, producers meetings and field days. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue the search for donors for important traits, develop new breeding lines to release new varieties, utilize improved germplasm, develop populations for analysis and use DNA markers in the breeding program.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
On its first year of commercial production, Antonio rice variety was planted in 3,801 acres, mostly in Wharton and Jackson counties in Texas. Average yield was about 7,300 lbs/acre with whole grain percentage of 61.1%. In farmer trials of Arkansas, Antonio was not the top yielder but was very consistent as top in percent whole grain for three years. Colorado rice variety is now ready for large commercial plantings. Hybridization using diverse donors for traits such as high grain and milling yields, herbicide and cold tolerance, generated 44 new crosses and two dozen F2 populations were developed. Four nurseries were established and these included three pedigree nurseries (PN): regular, cold tolerance and herbicide tolerance, and one observational nursery (ON). In more than 3,000 PN entries, only 5% were selected as potential ON entries and 28% were kept for re-evaluation. In 1,400 ON, 36% was retained while 5% was potential yield trial entries. Two dwarf lines were identified in the nurseries for dwarfism genetic analysis. Three yield trials were conducted to evaluate performance of selected breeding lines. 1) The preliminary trial consisted of 80 entries including checks had two replications. The best entry had 11,514 lbs/acre grain yield which was 3%, 6% and 16% higher than Cocodrie, Antonio and Presidio, respectively. Three of the top ten entries were from a NERICA 5 cross and two entries were from Teqing cross. Milling traits ranged from 65-74% and 55-68% for total and whole milled rice, respectively. 2) The statewide preliminary trial had 20 entries including checks arranged in four replications in Beaumont, Texas and three replications in Eagle Lake, Texas. The highest yielding entry in Beaumont had 10,889 lbs/acre main crop yield which was 10%, 13% and 22% higher than Cocodrie, Antonio and Presidio, respectively. Four entries in Beaumont yielded higher than check varieties while in Eagle Lake, two entries were higher than the checks. Total milled rice ranged from 67-74% while whole milled rice ranged from 52-64%. 3) The uniform regional rice nursery (URRN) trials having elite lines from five state breeding programs are conducted every year in five states. The full URRN set was planted in Beaumont but only Texas entries were evaluated at Eagle Lake. Main crop yield in Beaumont ranged from 6,940-10,016 lbs/acre while at Eagle Lake, it ranged from 6,290-9,391 lbs/acre. The best Texas entry in Beaumont produced 4%, 9% and 36% more yield than Cocodrie, Antonio and Presidio, respectively and at Eagle Lake, the top yielder had 4%, 5%, 6% yield advantage over the same varieties. In all locations, most entries had 70% total milled rice and 60% whole milled rice. Search of new donors for herbicide, drought and cold tolerance is continuing. Antonio was treated with EMS to create mutant for abiotic stresses, recombinant inbred line populations were screened for herbicide tolerance, and several germplasm screened for reproductive drought tolerance.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Tabien, R.E. and C.L. Harper. 2014. Mining Genes in breeder's nurseries, yield trials and collections. 35th Rice Technical Working Group Meeting, New Orleans. Feb. 18-21, 2014. p49-50.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Dou, F., J.B. Soriano, and R.E Tabien. 2014. Water, soil and variety effects on rice production in the greenhouse. 35th Rice Technical Working Group Meeting, New Orleans. Feb. 18-21, 2014. p142.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Harper, C.L. and R.E Tabien. 2014. Response of selected rice germplasm in aerobic production system. 35th Rice Technical Working Group Meeting, New Orleans. Feb. 18-21, 2014. p65.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Tabien, R.E. and C.L. Harper. 2014. Screening and performance evaluation of selected genotypes to high rates of Liberty herbicide. 35th Rice Technical Working Group Meeting, New Orleans. Feb. 18-21, 2014. p69.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Tabien, R.E. and C.L. Harper. 2014. Weather data, main crop yield and milling traits in selected genotypes. 35th Rice Technical Working Group Meeting, New Orleans. Feb. 18-21, 2014. p68.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Tabien, R.E., C.L. Harper, and J. Vawter. 2014. New elite lines selected for multi-state performance trial. Texas Rice Special Section Highlighting Research in 2014. p1-2.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Tabien, R.E., C.L. Harper, P. Carre, and K.Jones. 2014. Best genotypes in herbicide and drought tolerance trials. Texas Rice Special Section. Highlighting Research in 2014. p2-4.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Tabien, R.E., C.L. Harper, J. Vawter, and P. Carre. 2014. Yield stability of selected rice genotypes at the uniform regional rice nursery. Texas Rice Special Section. Highlighting Research in 2014. p4-6.
|
Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Rice scientists, producers and industry Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Trained graduate students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results were disseminated during field days, and farmers and scientist meetings to present the new donors, new varieties and potential new releases. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Advance more lines for herbicide tolerance and continue the studies on aerobic rice and drought.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Antonio and Colorado, the two new rice varieties released in 2012 were submitted for Plant Variety Protection, with PVP application number of 201300087 and 201300457, respectively. Certified seeds of Antonio have been generated and will be available to farmers in the 2014 planting season, while Colorado had foundation seeds ready for large commercial planting in 2015. Both varieties performed very well in 2013 with main crop yield ranging from 8,000-10,000 lbs per acre at Eagle Lake and Beaumont. Antonio performed well in field trials in Arkansas and Mississippi but not Colorado. Developing breeding lines through hybridization and selection was continued in 2013 but the focusing was directed for herbicide and seedling cold tolerance. Aside from donors for herbicide and cold tolerance, the hybridization blocks had elite promising lines from several state breeding programs as main donor for high yield potential and donors for blast resistance. Hybridization generated more than a dozen crosses and 28 F2 populations were advanced. Pedigree nursery (PN) and the Observational nursery (ON) were both established and had 4,200 and 1,400 rows, respectively. After selection, 127 rows were selected for advancement to ON, 878 rows retained and the rest were dropped in the PN. Among ON rows, 379 were retained and 132 were candidate for preliminary yield trial (PYT). Sixteen of the selections for PYT were from crosses having the Clearfield gene for herbicide tolerance. A separate nursery for Liberty herbicide and Newpath (Clearfield) was also established and were sprayed with 2x rate of Liberty and two applications of Newpath herbicide, respectively. Several survived spraying and were harvested at maturity. Three replicated yield trials were conducted: PYT, statewide preliminary yield trial (SPYT), and the uniform regional rice nursery (URRN). The mean yield of 40 PYT entries was 7,117 lbs/A, with seven lines yielding over 8,000 lbs/A. Considering two year data (2012-2013), 15 entries will be advanced to the SPYT. Seven of these lines had a main crop yield of at least 7,000 lbs/A. The SPYT conducted in Beaumont and Eagle Lake had 20 entries including two checks, Presidio and Cocodrie. Mean across two locations was high at 8,101 lbs/A, with five entries having more than 10,000 lbs/A yield. Using the two year data, 10 will be advance to the multi-state trial (URRN). The top yielder had 9,359 lbs/A mean yield in four trials, about 8% over the yield of Cocodrie. The project had 40 lines including Antonio, Colorado, and Presidio in the URRN which contains the top 200 elite lines from TX, AR, LA, MS and MO. Data from the past URRN showed four promising lines with 5-.6% over Presidio, 3-4% over Colorado but just comparable to Antonio. Large screening for Liberty herbicide tolerance included the ratoon of all entries in the yield trials, from PYT to URRN. Tolerance was generally noted in lines with indica pedigree and several lines had survivors in all replications. Screening for Newpath herbicide produced few survivors and these will be verified.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Samonte, S. O. P. B., Tabien, R. E., and Wilson, L.T. (2013). Parental Selection in Rice Cultivar Improvement. Rice Science. 20 (1): 45-51.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Zhou, X.G., Tabien, R.E. and Dou, F. (2013) Disease resistance evaluation of rice varieties and lines under center pivot irrigation system in South Africa, 2012. Plant Disease Management Reports. 7:FC110.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Harper, C.L., Tabien, R.E. and Carre, P. 2013. High yielding seedling establishment cold tolerant conventional rice cultivars for Texas. Texas Rice Special Section Highlighting Research in 2013. p 1-2.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Tabien, R.E., Harper, C.L. and Carre, P. 2013. New rice varieties and selected Texas elite lines included in multi-state yield trials. Texas Rice Special Section. Highlighting Research in 2013. p3-5.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Tabien, R.E., Harper, C.L., and Carre, P. 2013. Response of selected rice genotypes to higher rate of Liberty herbicide application. Texas Rice Special Section. Highlighting Research in 2013. p5-6.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Way, M., Tabien, D. and Harper, C. 2013. Texas Rice Update. The Rice Advocate. 10(37):2.
|
Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The first two variety releases, Antonio and Colorado, were approved by the Plant Release Committee of Texas A&M AgriLife Research and the Texas Department of Agriculture. With current seed production, Antonio will be available to farmers in 2014, with Colorado following in 2015. Both inbred varieties show great promise for our farmers with high yields, good milling qualities and disease packages. The breeding project, as in the past, continued to develop breeding lines through hybridization and selection. These new breeding lines were made using conventional crossing practices. Hybridization blocks containing elite promising lines having unique characteristics/traits targeted as parentals for the new line development were established and maintained in the fields. Multiple breeding nurseries were also established during the growing season containing segregating populations along with replicated yield trials containing uniform breeding materials. A total of 25 new crosses were successfully generated and will be grown in the future as new populations for selection. Breeding nurseries, composed of early generation materials still segregating for several phenotypic traits, were the Pedigree nursery (PN) and the Observational nursery (ON). The 2012 PN contained 2,100 rows of early generation segregating lines; with 74 lines selected to progress to the 2013 ON, 864 remain in the PN and 33 lines for future abiotic stress studies. The ON had 1,400 rows but after selection, 503 lines will remain at the ON and 96 lines as candidates for PYT (preliminary yield trial). The breeding project conducts three replicated yield trials every year including: PYT, statewide preliminary yield trial (SPYT), and the uniform regional rice nursery (URRN). Forty entries were included in the PYT with two checks, Presidio and Cocodrie. Seventeen lines and two lines had better milling traits and yields than both checks, respectively. The SPYT contains 20 lines and this trial was conducted in two locations, Beaumont and Eagle Lake. Two lines had higher yield and 11 lines milled better than the checks in Beaumont while in Eagle Lake, four were high yielders and six were better millers than the two checks. In URRN which contains the top 200 elite lines from TX, AR, LA, MS and MO conducted in Beaumont, an entry from the project was in the top 20, with an average of 8,083 lb/A across five states. Screening for tolerance to Liberty and Roundup herbicide has become an important part of the breeding project. In 300 rows screened using 2x rate of Liberty, 212 rows had survivors and in 400 rows for Roundup, 59 rows had survivors. In a replicated yield trial of 10 previously selected herbicide tolerant lines, two lines had less than 10% yield loss under the sprayed conditions. A study, aimed to determine the effect of drought on previously identified herbicide tolerant lines, showed nine lines had 4-31% yield reduction in aerobic condition. For cold tolerance, in February seeding with temperatures ranging from 41 to 86oF, three entries were in the top ten in both direct-seeded and pre-germinated test, thus are potential donors for cold tolerance at seedling establishment. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The two newly released high yielding rice varieties, Antonio and Colorado will be the new choices for rice farmers in Texas for commercial production in the future. Both inbred varieties show great promise of high yields, good milling qualities and disease packages. These could also be good recipients of important traits needed in future climate or environment. The screening and yield performance trials identified donors for tolerance to higher rate of herbicide. Once transferred to high yielding varieties, this technology will help farmers in better weed control, particularly red rice. The screening of herbicide tolerant selections in non-flooded condition identified potential donors for drought. With recurring drought condition across the state of Texas, these could be our source of traits in developing drought tolerant rice. In similar manner, seedling cold tolerance screening isolated good donors. The identified donors will be the source of seedling cold tolerance gene in developing rice varieties for early rice planting. Since more than 25% of the rice farmers in Texas planted rice before the recommended date of planting, these will be their new option to start early rice production with lower risk of production losses due to low temperatures. These results were disseminated during field days, and meeting of farmers and scientists to inform them about the new donors, new varieties and potential varietal releases in the future.
Publications
- Way, M., B. Allen, R.E. Tabien. 2012. News from Mississippi and Texas. The Rice Advocate. 9(1):2.
- Samonte, S.O.P.B., L.T. Wilson, R. E. Tabien, J.C. Medley and C.L. Harper. 2012. High yielding water-limited plant type for Texas. Proceedings 34th Rice Technical Working Group Meeting Feb. 27-March 1, 2012. Hot Springs, Arkansas. p43.
- Tabien, R.E., C.L. Harper, S.O.P.B. Samonte, L.T. Wilson, and P. Frank. 2012. Two very early maturing breeding lines with high grain yield and milling quality potentials in Texas. Proceedings 34th Rice Technical Working Group Meeting Feb. 27-March 1, 2012. Hot Springs, Arkansas. p44.
- Samonte, S.O.P.B., R. E. Tabien and L.T. Wilson. 2012. Rice cultivar stability in large yield trials. Proceedings 34th Rice Technical Working Group Meeting Feb. 27-March 1, 2012. Hot Springs, Arkansas.p60.
- Tabien, R.E., C.L. Harper, S.O.P.B. Samonte and P. Frank. 2012. Variation in percent green grains near maturity of URRN entries and its correlation with yield and milling traits. Proceedings 34th Rice Technical Working Group Meeting Feb. 27-March 1, 2012. Hot Springs, Arkansas. p60.
- Harper, C.L., P. Frank and R.E. Tabien. 2012. Screening herbicide tolerance and evaluating yield performance in herbicide sprayed plots. Proceedings 34th Rice Technical Working Group Meeting Feb. 27-March 1, 2012. Hot Springs, Arkansas. p61.
- Tabien, R.E., S.O.P.B. Samonte, C.L. Harper, and P.Frank. 2012. Development of seedling cold tolerant conventional rice cultivars. Proceedings 34th Rice Technical Working Group Meeting Feb. 27-March 1, 2012. Hot Springs, Arkansas. p72.
- Zou, X. G. and R. E. Tabien. 2012. Field evaluation of disease resistance in rice varieties grown under Texas environments. Proceedings 34th Rice Technical Working Group Meeting Feb. 27-March 1, 2012. Hot Springs, Arkansas. p98.
- Tabien, R.E., S.O.P.B. Samonte, C.L. Harper and P. M. Frank. 2012. Discovering new sources for tolerance to various abiotic stresses. 2012 Abstracts ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting:112-1.
- Dou, F., J. Soriano and R. Tabien. 2012.Water management and variety effects on rice production. 2012 Abstracts ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting:337-8.
|
Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The state rice breeding program submitted the application of two inbred rice lines for varietal release namely: RU0703144, derived from a Cypress and Cocodrie cross and RU0703190 from L202 x Cocodrie cross. RU0703144 was consistently high yielder in the main crop than RU0703190 but RU0703190 maintained an edge to RU0703144 in milling yield. Both are non-aromatic with intermediate amylose content, low alkali spreading value, intermediate gel type, and has resistance to rice blast. The state breeding program maintained several field nurseries containing new populations and lines, and replicated yield trials in 2011. Fifty two new crosses were developed and more than a dozen new populations were generated. The pedigree nursery had 3,500 rows for selection, with 684 retained, 35 advanced, 22 selected as parentals, and 2,781 dropped after final evaluation. The observation nursery contained 2,100 rows and selection identified 111 for the PYT (preliminary yield trial), 424 retained and 1,565 dropped. The PYT with 40 lines and 2 checks had main crop yields ranging from 4,719 to 9,852 lbs/acre with the highest yielding 1,536 lbs more than Cocodrie and 1,959 lbs more than Presidio. The state preliminary yield trial with 18 lines evaluated in two locations had crop yields ranging from 6,041 to 9,013 lbs/acre in Beaumont and from 7,280-9,726 lbs/acre in Eagle Lake. Several lines had higher yields than Cocodrie or Presidio. Thirty seven elite lines were included in a multi-state yield trial and the highest yielding TX entry had 11,116 lbs/acre. Identification of donors for important traits is continuing. Field screening of 350 lines using 2x the recommended rate of Liberty herbicide identified 290 survivors, with 79 lines exhibiting excellent survival and seed yield. In 40 entries evaluated in sprayed and unsprayed plots, eight lines exhibited 20% or more yield reduction, 8 lines with 10-20% and 6 lines with 5-10%. A set of 100 genotypes were evaluated for cold tolerance in March seeding using dry seeds and pre-germinated seeds. Seven entries had fast emergence, better survival and having less height reduction when dry seeded during the colder days of March and are potential parents in breeding for germination cold tolerance. When the same 100 entries were pre-germinated and seeded in March, there were 16 entries that had seedling emergence of at least 85% and 69 entries had higher survival when planted as pre-germinated seed than when dry-seeded. The entries good in March dry seeding were not among the best survivors when sown as pre-germinated seeds in March, suggesting that cold tolerance of dry seed and pre-germinated seed may be controlled by different genes. PARTICIPANTS: The Texas Rice Research Foundation funded the breeding project. One intern undergraduate student was trained on rice breeding during the rice growing season. TARGET AUDIENCES: The rice farmers were informed about the potential new rice varieties during field days. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The two elite lines recommended for release are high yielding in Texas. RU0703144, a very early high yielding long grain genotype had 9% and 5% main crop yield advantage over Cocodrie and Presidio, respectively in 13 trials in Texas. It was comparable in percentage total milled rice but generally higher in percentage of whole grain milled rice (head rice) than Cocodrie. RU0703190 is also a very early maturing conventional long grain rice. It had 7% yield advantage over Cocodrie in four multi-state trials and 4% in 16 Texas trials. It has higher percentage total milled rice and whole grain milled rice than Cocodrie. The high yield potential of these new releases will impact grain production of rice farmers and their income. Several entries survived higher dosage of Liberty herbicide and genotypes with lower yield reduction when sprayed at recommended rate were identified and will be used in crosses to develop Liberty tolerant rice varieties. The germination and seedling cold tolerant donors that were identified will be useful in developing variety for early plantings.
Publications
- Tabien, R.E. 2011. Resistance to rice stemborers. Texas Rice. 11(4):1, 7-10.
- Samonte, S.O.PB., R.E. Tabien and L.T. Wilson. 2011. Variation in yield-related traits within variety in large rice yield trials. Texas Rice. 11(5):9-11.
- Soriano, J.B., F. Dou and R.E. Tabien. 2011. Aerobic rice technology: a way to battle drought in rice. Texas Rice. 11(6):1, 6-8.
- Wilson, L.T., R. E. Tabien, S. O. PB. Samonte, X. G. Zhou, M. O. Way, L. Tarpley, and F. Dou. 2011. Partnering between Texas A&M and USDA-ARS scientist at the Beaumont Center. Texas Rice. 11(9):1, 7-10.
- Wang, Y., S.R.M. Pinson, R.G. Fjellstrom, R.E. Tabien. 2011. Breeding value of qSB9b and qSB12a to rice sheath blight using F2:3 family of TeQing-into-Lemont introgression lines. Molecular Breeding. DOI 10.1007/s11032-011-9619-1.
|
Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The rice breeding project of Texas has been producing important breeding materials not only for varietal release but also as parents for hybridization and genetic resources for gene discovery. In 2010, the breeding program produced more than 100 new crosses, advanced several populations in nurseries and conducted yield trials. The pedigree nursery (PN) had 2,800 rows for selection. In 936 rows selected, 57 will be advanced to the observational nursery while 879 lines will be retained at PN for further selection. The observational nursery (ON) had 2,700 entries. Selection identified 504 lines for further evaluation in ON and 72 lines as possible yield trial candidates in 2011. The preliminary yield trial (PYT) contained 40 elite lines. Main crop yields ranged from 3,931-7,902 lbs/acre. The PYT also contained a single replication trial of new aromatic lines tested for the first time. Yields of these lines ranged from 3,093-6,180 lbs/acre. The state preliminary yield trial (SPYT) conducted in Beaumont and Eagle Lake, Texas included 19 elite lines. Main crop yields in Beaumont ranged from 6,281-7,970 lbs/acre while yields in Eagle Lake ranged from 4,513-6,198 lbs/acre. Average yields across two locations identified three lines as possible candidates for multi-state evaluation. At the multi-state uniform regional rice nursery (URRN), the project nominated 38 promising lines. Yield trials of the TX lines were also conducted in Eagle Lake and Ganado. Yield in Beaumont ranged from 2,550-7,468 lbs/acre with the highest yielding TX entry at 7,177 lbs/acre. Eagle Lake and Ganado's average yields ranged from 4,557-6,983 lbs/acre. In 2010, 40 entries with herbicide tolerance were evaluated in a sprayed and unsprayed trial. Some entries had consistent low yield reduction due to spraying. Field screening for tolerance to Roundup and Liberty herbicides identified survivors with 21 lines showing good tolerance and 91 lines showing moderate tolerance to Liberty, and 13 good and 20 moderate lines for Roundup tolerance. Populations and lines with Clearfield gene were advanced and some lines were included in ON. Rice seedling cold tolerance is very important in the direct-seeded rice currently practiced in U.S. rice growing areas, particularly the early planted rice. Several donors for germination and seedling cold tolerance have been reported, and the current state breeding project being supported by Texas Rice Research Foundation (TRRF) has identified potential new donors and recipients for this trait. One hundred lines were selected from this pool, and evaluated for traits known to be affected by cold stress. When exposed to February temperatures, nine entries had consistently low height reduction in dry seeding and seedling tests for cold tolerance. At controlled temperatures of 10oC and at 25oC, 14 entries had less than 40% reduction in germination when kept at 10oC. Among the seven entries with best growth at lower temperature, four were also best when seedlings were exposed in February cold air temperature. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Two elite breeding lines were consistent in yield trials conducted in the past three years and are potential for varietal release. The donors for Liberty herbicide tolerance have been used in crosses and segregating populations for Clearfield herbicide were advanced for further selection. These will be the sources of varieties aimed to reduce red rice weed in production areas. Similarly, donors for seedling cold tolerance were identified and some crosses were developed to start selection. These breeding materials with important traits will be important in increasing rice production in Texas.
Publications
- Tabien, R.E. 2010. Economic potentials of mutant in rice varietal development and gene discovery. Texas Rice. 10(6):1, 6-10.
- Tabien, R.E. and S.O. PB. Samonte. 2010. High biomass rice: a breeding resource to further increase rice yield and study biomass production in other crops. Texas Rice. 10(8):3-6.
- Zhou, X.G., R.E. Tabien, and M.O. Way. 2010. First report of white leaf streak of rice caused by Mycovellosiella oryzae in Texas. Plant Disease. 94:639.
- Zhou, X.G., A. McClung, M.Way, R.E. Tabien, and L. T. Wilson. 2010. Severe outbreaks of bacterial panicle blight of rice in Texas. Texas Rice. 10(7):3-8.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The Texas state rice breeding program continues to produce new and valuable breeding material for the enhancement of future crops. The main focus of the program has been on generating lines with superior yield, disease resistance, seedling cold tolerance, vigor, grain quality, and incorporating herbicide tolerance (imidazolinone herbicide (IMI/Clearfield), Roundup and Liberty herbicided) in breeding material. In 2009, the breeding program had nurseries as well as replicated yield trials. Nurseries are single row evaluations of early generation material while yield trials are replicated plots of elite breeding lines. A total of 298 crosses between selected parents, U.S. cultivars or advanced lines, were produced to generate new variation for selection. The earliest generation for selection contained more than 300 populations at F2 generation. The pedigree nursery (PN) made of early generation materials, also segregating but further advanced than the F2 populations, consisted of 6,803 rows. In 2,459 rows selected, 131 will be advanced to the observation nursery while 2,328 lines will be retained at PN for further plant selection. The observation nursery (ON) contains breeding material that is no longer segregating and is uniform in appearance. The 2009 ON nursery was represented by 4,547 ten foot rows. Preliminary selection identified 697 lines for further evaluation in ON and 208 lines as possible yield trial candidates in 2010. The 2009 preliminary yield trial (PYT) contained 80 elite lines including checks. Each line was replicated twice and plots consisted of 6 nineteen foot rows. Main crop yields ranged from 4,138-8,986 lbs/acre. Among the 12 lines that surpassed the highest yielding check, Cocodrie, half had more than 6% yield advantage of over Cocodrie. The state preliminary yield trial (SPYT) in Beaumont and Eagle Lake, Texas included 34 elite lines. Main crop yields in Beaumont ranged from 5,719-8,621 lbs/acre while yields in Eagle Lake ranged from 7,614-9,966 lbs/acre. Average yields across two locations identified 8 lines as possible candidates for further evaluation. In 2009, the program nominated 26 promising lines to the uniform regional rice nursery (URRN) conducted in 5 states. All TX entries at URRN were also evaluated in Eagle Lake. Yield in Beaumont ranged from 5,028-10,752 lbs/acre with the highest yielding TX entry at 9,747 lbs/acre. Eagle Lake's average yields ranged from 5,335-11,362 lbs/acre. Across two locations, RU0703144 yielded better than the best performing check. This line had an average yield of 9,797 lbs/acre in three-year yield trial at Beaumont. This elite line was planted in head rows in 2009 and was planted in a large scale yield plot. Twenty two entries were evaluated in a sprayed and unsprayed trial for Liberty herbicide tolerance. Initial yield data showed an average of 28.7% yield reduction among 5 checks while the 5 best entries had an average of 16.4% yield reduction. Field screening for tolerance to Roundup and Liberty identified several new survivors for Liberty but few to Roundup. PARTICIPANTS: Most of the financial support were from Texas Rice Research Foundation and the Lower Colorado River Authority. Assistance during the conduct of the studies was extended by Dr. Omar Samonte, Mrs. Chersty Harper and Mr. Patrick Frank. Two graduate student were supported and trained during the year. TARGET AUDIENCES: The rice breeders and the producers are the main target of the breeding efforts. The breeding materials generated in the project can be used by breeders in rice improvement while the potential new varieties are for the rice producers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Several elite lines in the multi-state trials are showing high yield potential when compared to Cocodrie, the check variety. One of these materials was consistently in the top in 3- year yield trial and could be a new rice variety. The herbicide tolerance confirmed in 2008 selections and the degree of tolerance of some entries evaluated proved the potential of the herbicide tolerant germplasm as an important donor in rice improvement. This is now ready to be transferred to improved high yielding plant type and hasten the release of herbicide tolerant rice that will help in weed control problem in rice production areas.
Publications
- Tabien, R.E., S.O.PB. Samonte, E.R. Tiongco. 2009. Relationship of milled grain percentages and flowering related traits in rice. Cereal Science. 49:122-127.
- Sharma, A., A.M. McClung, S.R.M. Pinson, J.L. Kepiro, A.R. Shank, R.E. Tabien, R. Fjellstrom. 2009. Genetic mapping of sheath blight resistance within tropical japonica rice cultivars. Crop Science. 49:256-264.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The hurricane that affected the facilities at the research center damaged the crosses being developed. Most of the emasculated florets failed to develop grain and these resulted to limited successful crosses. The F1 seeds from 2007 crosses were transplanted but again the strong winds damaged leaves and shattered the grains. Bulked seeds were harvested on remaining panicles. In 2008, the Beaumont rice breeding fields consisted of several nurseries and yield trials. The first of two nurseries, the pedigree nursery (PN), contained early generation materials that are still segregating for phenotypic traits. The PN had 7,630 ten foot rows and all rows were observed throughout the growing season. The PN panicles were harvested in 2,393 rows for generation advancement and 48 were selected for observational nursery (ON). There were 4,761 rows planted in 10 ft. rows in 2008 ON. Each row was planted from a single panicle and was observed throughout the growing season. Due to shattering after strong winds, initial yield was not taken but panicles were harvested in 1,990 rows retained for 2009 ON and 175 lines for 2009 preliminary yield trial (PYT). The 2008 PYT had 134 elite lines. Each line was replicated twice and plots consisted of six 19 ft. rows. Main crop yields ranged from 6,634-10,662 lb/acre. The highest yielding entry had more than 6% yield advantage over Cocodrie, which yielded 9,846 lb/acre. The state preliminary yield trial (SPYT) included 44 elite lines. Each line was replicated 4 times in six 19 ft. rows and was planted in Beaumont and Eagle Lake. Main crop yields in Beaumont ranged from 7,988-12,589 lb/acre while Eagle Lake ranged from 5,149-8,664 lbs/acre. The grain yield of the highest yielding line at Beaumont was 10.8% higher than that of Cocodrie while the best at Eagle Lake was 30.7% higher than that of Cocodrie. The uniform regional rice nursery (URRN) contains 200 lines from TX as well as from AK, LA, MS and MO. The program nominated 20 lines for inclusion in this trial. Yield trials on the TX lines were also conducted in Eagle Lake and Ganado. Yield in Beaumont ranged from 5,915-12,519 lbs/acre with the highest yielding TX entry at 10,629 lb/acre was 3.8% higher than that of Cocodrie. Eagle Lake and Ganado averaged yields ranged from 7,563-9,178 lb/acre. The first head row for two promising lines was planted in Beaumont. Over 1,000 ten foot rows were planted panicle to a row to produce the first pure seed stock of an elite line of the program. More than 1,400 lb of rough rice was harvested from the head rows. The 2008 field screening of more than 300 lines for Roundup and Liberty tolerance identified several Liberty survivors and none for Roundup. In more than 1,300 near-uniform lines being evaluated using DNA markers, 807 lines had marker for intermediate amylose content. For blast disease, 263 lines had Pi-b, 403 with Pi-kh, 38 with Pi-ta2 and 20 with Pi-ks gene. Mutants identified in the previous years were evaluated and new mutants were identified. New mutants included dwarf with wider leaf and spiking panicle, virescent, and bronzing/rusty leaf mutant. PARTICIPANTS: Texas Rice Research Foundation and Lower Colorado River Authority financially supported activities included in the report. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Two elite lines with breeder seeds and the 20 lines in the multi-state trials are showing good yield potential and grain quality when compared to the check varieties and one of these materials could be release as new rice variety. These generated improved lines are also potential germplasm for rice improvement projects. The field screening for herbicide tolerance generated desirable genotypes. Once this trait is transferred to an improved high yielding plant type, it will help in solving weed control problem in rice production areas. The newly identified mutants can facilitate the genetic studies of traits important to rice and other crops.
Publications
- Tabien, R.E., A. M. McClung, L. Tarpley, M.F. Jund. 2008. Varieties. In: 2008 Rice Production Guidelines. M.O. Way and J. Cockrell (Eds). TAES- TCE-USDA. p2-8.
- Samonte, S.O.PB, L.T. Wilson, R.E. Tabien, A.M. McClung. 2008. Selection for stable high income-grossing rice genotypes for main and ratoon crop production. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 1015-1022.
- Tabien, R.E., S.O.PB. Samonte, A.M. McClung. 2008. Forty eight years of rice improvement in Texas since the release of cultivar Bluebonnet in 1942. Crop Sci. 48:2097-2106.
- Tabien, R.E., S.O.PB. Samonte, C. L. Harper, P.M. Frank. 2008. Variations in farmer's seed and gene bank accessions of Milagro Filipino rice (Oryza sativa L.) released in Mexico in 1967. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics. 40(1):37-47.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Since 2004, the project used various germplasms to produce new crosses each year. These germplasms offer an excellent source of genetic diversity for rice improvement. Crosses in 2007 focused on donors with high yield, good grain quality, seedling cold tolerance, blast and sheath blight resistance, seedling vigor and herbicide tolerance. There were 289 successful crosses made and these F1s will be grown in the spring of 2008 to produce F2 seeds. The 284 crosses made in 2006 were advanced and will be field planted in 2008 for plant selection. Two nurseries aimed to advance lines and select near uniform lines were established, and these were the pedigree nursery (PN) and the observational nursery (ON) with 9,455 and 5,647 rows, respectively. After phenotypic selection in PN, 2,164 rows were retained for further evaluation and 365 near uniform rows were included for advancement in ON. Selection in ON identified 823 rows for further evaluation and 274 rows as potential entries
for replicated yield trials. Several lines had high yields but grain and milling traits have to be evaluated. Selection for mutants, very late maturing plants and potential high biomass rice was done in both nurseries. Two sets of preliminary yield trial with 80 and 52 entries were established. In 80 entries, 21 had at least 5% yield advantage (YA) over Cocodrie, with the highest at 9, 291 lb/A while in 52 entries, 23 had at least 5% YA over Cocodrie with the highest yield of 11,224 lb/A. The statewide trials conducted in two locations (Beaumont and Eagle Lake) had 34 entries. In Beaumont, 13 were comparable or better than Cocodrie and the best entry had 11,404 lb/A but in Eagle Lake, only 5 entries were comparable to Cocodrie. Across two locations, 19 entries were comparable to Cocodrie and 4 were consistent in top ten in two locations. The multi-state trials composed of 200 elite lines from five states were also established and this project had its first ten entries. In Texas, 8
were comparable or better than Cocodrie and across 5 states, 5 were comparable or better than Cocodrie. The best entry had an average yield of 8,015 lb/A in three in-state trials, 8,533 lb/A in four out-of-state trials and its highest yield of 9,689 lb/A was from Mississippi. More than 1,700 germplasms were evaluated for tolerance to either Liberty or Roundup, and among these entries were 1,007 plants from the mutagen treated variety/lines, 519 Roundup survivors from 231 lines, and 488 Liberty survivors from 263 lines. Field screening of more than 300 lines selected for Roundup and Liberty tolerance identified several Liberty survivors and none for Roundup. More than 800 near-uniform lines are currently being evaluated using DNA markers for amylose content, plant height, elongation, aroma and blast resistance. In 580 lines completed, 443 lines had marker for intermediate amylose content. For blast disease, 75 lines have Pi-b, 199 lines with Pi-kh, and 5 lines with Pi-ks gene. Mutants
identified in the previous years were evaluated and new mutants were identified. New mutants included dwarf high tillering mutant, dwarf with wider leaf, virescent, bronzing/rusty leaf but these have to be verified.
PARTICIPANTS: Financial support from Texas Rice Research Foundation and Lower Colorado River Authority. MS student, Mr. Dhananjay Mani, is being trained on rice improvement while studying the mutant, and post-doc, Dr. Yueguang Wang, is working on sheath blight resistance.
TARGET AUDIENCES: Rice producers and county extension agents are the target audience for information related to rice production including new varieties.
Impacts
Several elite lines at the multi-state trials are showing high yield potential relative to the check varieties and these can be released as new varieties after series of yield trials. With improved yield, the new varieties are expected to increase rice production. The elite lines generated are also potential germplasm for rice improvement projects. The continuing effort of getting herbicide tolerant germplasm will help in weed control problem in rice production areas while the search for mutants will facilitate the generation of information related to the functions of the sequenced DNA of rice. The initial effort to identify high biomass rice will enhance the development of dedicated feedstock for bioenergy production.
Publications
- Tabien, R.E. and S.O. Samonte. 2007. Flowering traits and head rice yield. Texas Rice Newsletter. 7(7):8-9.
- Tabien, R. E. S.O. PB. Samonte, E. R. Tiongco. 2007 Heading date and flowering duration as potential indirect selection criteria for milling traits in rice. Abstracts 2007 International Annual Meetings, Nov. 4-8, 2007, New Orleans. ASA-CSSA-SSSA. CD-ROM.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
The project had 293 crosses involving parentals from U.S. rice breeders, elite lines of the project, O. glaberrima and its derived lines, cold tolerant accessions, Clearfield rice, indica mutants from Dr. Rutger, germplasm from the gene bank and mutants of the project. Nearly 300 F2 populations were generated during the year and will be for selection in 2007. Two nurseries were established and two yield trials of elite lines were conducted during the year. To facilitate generation advance and seed increase of important germplasm, a winter nursery was established in Puerto Rico. Selected panicles in 2005 were in the pedigree nursery (PN) composed of more than 16,000 rows and observational nursery (ON) with about 3,000 rows. Phenotypic selection was done for each row and later within the row in the two nurseries. Sampling of rows in ON indicated that several lines had yield of 10,000 lb/acre. The preliminary yield trials that were planted late due to rain had lower
yields but still several lines surpassed the yield of the check variety, Cocodrie. Three lines had yield of more than 8,000 lb/acre. Nineteen elite lines were included in the first statewide trials conducted in two locations(Beaumont and Eagle Lake). Yield ranged from 6,000-8,000 lb/acre. None surpassed the check but three lines were comparable. The multi-state trials composed of 200 elite lines from five states and private breeding programs were also established. Data showed again the yield advantage of the hybrid rice but several inbred lines were closely following in term of yield and milling quality. New germplasm were evaluated as potential parents and current O. glaberrima accessions and its derived lines were further evaluated. Screening for seedling cold tolerance identified new donors and confirmed reported tolerance. Selected materials were included in the hybridization block. Mutation breeding for tolerance to Roundup or Liberty herbicide using ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)
and methyl nitrosurea (MNU) initiated during the first year was continued. Initial survivors in separate screenings were seed increased and nearly 500 selections with enough seeds from previous years were field planted and sprayed with Liberty or Roundup. Several lines survived and were able to produce seeds but none showed strong resistance to either herbicide. The survivors showed various degree of tolerance. In collaboration with USDA-Beaumont, the use of DNA markers for blast resistance, plant height and amylose content is continuing. More than 900 lines were evaluated using specific markers for these traits. Mutants generated such as very high tillering mutant, albino variant, orange leaf, leaf streak and spotted leaf were verified and will be the focus of genetic analysis and further characterization to discover new traits in these mutants. Mapping project in collaboration with USDA for resistance to sheath blight, a common disease of rice, identified quantitative trait loci
(QTL) that will be the target of fine mapping work. Study on the morphological and molecular variations of Milagro Filipino revealed differences and these were also present in various accessions of IR8.
Impacts
The elite lines evaluated at the state-wide trials are potential new varieties. New varieties are expected to increase rice production. The fine mapping currently on-going will enhance the development of DNA markers important in faster and reliable selection for sheath blight resistance. The identified and verified mutants will help unravel the functions for the sequenced DNA of rice. These may answer question related to pigmentation and chlorophyll, fast leaf senescence and tiller formation. Further characterization of the mutants may reveal other traits needed in breeding or genetic research.
Publications
- Sharma A., J.L Kepiro., R.G. Fjellstrom, S.R.M. Pinson, A.R. Shank, A.M. McClung, and R.E. Tabien. 2006. Mapping sheath blight resistance QTLs in rice. Proc. of the Plant and Animal Genome Conference. p. 162. San Diego, CA.
- Samonte, S.O.P.B., L.T. Wilson, A.M. McClung, R.E. Tabien. 2006. Selection of stable high income grossing rice genotypes. Proc. 31st Rice Tech. Work. Group, p60. The Woodlands, TX.
- Tabien, R.E., P.M. Frank, C.L. Harper, and E.R. Tiongco. 2006. A variant albino mutation in rice. Proc. 31st Rice Tech. Work. Group, p75. The Woodlands, TX
- Tabien, R.E., P.M. Frank, C.L. Harper, and J.V. Pace. 2006. Variations in IR8 variety released as Milagro Filipino in Mexico after 39 years. Proc. 31st Rice Tech. Work. Group, p49. The Woodlands, TX.
- Sharma A., J.L Kepiro., R.G. Fjellstrom, S.R.M. Pinson, A.R. Shank, A.M. McClung, and R.E. Tabien. 2006. RiceCAP - Mapping sheath blight resistance QTL(s) in tropical japonica rice. Proc. 31st Rice Tech. Work. Group, p72. The Woodlands, TX.
- McClung, A. M., L. Tarpley, R. Tabien and M.F. Jund. 2006. Varieties. In: 2006 Rice Production Guidelines. p2-7. M.O. Way and J. Cockrell, (eds). TAES- TCE-USDA.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
A total of 350 diverse crosses involving japonica, indica, the wild rice O. glaberrima and US elite lines or released varieties were made. The 203 crosses in 2004 are now in various stages since not all were subjected to phenotypic selection at one time. Focus traits in these crosses included high yield, good grain quality, blast resistance, seedling cold tolerance and seedling vigor. Herbicide tolerance will be included in the new crosses since the material transfer agreement of a patented gene was signed. Selections from the previous year were all advanced at the pedigree nursery (PN) composed of 7,500 rows and observational nursery (ON) with 3,133 rows. Phenotypic selection on these entries based on over-all plant type, maturity, grain and panicle type generated thousands of lines for 2006 nurseries. More than 50 near-uniform lines from 2004 ON were evaluated for yield, agronomic, and milling traits at the preliminary yield trial. Although plot yields were not
taken due to hurricane Rita, sample yield data showed that 20 lines are potential entries for the statewide performance trials. The collaborative multi-state trials for rice evaluated 200 entries from four US rice breeding programs. The hybrid entry had the highest total main crop yield of 14,723 lbs per acre, 4,000 lbs. more than the highest check cultivar. Ratoon yields were all affected by hurricane Rita. Mutation breeding for tolerance to Roundup or Liberty herbicide using 2 mutagens, ethyl methane sulfonate and methyl nitrosurea was continued by screening progenies from treated materials. First round of screening resulted to more than 1,000 surviving plants for either screen. In nearly 1,500 germplasm evaluated using the two herbicides, 14 plants from 7 accessions survived 2 screenings of Liberty and none for Roundup. Consecutive screening of Roundup and Liberty, however, generated 35 surviving plants from five sources. For seedling cold tolerance, 70 germplasm were evaluated
outside the greenhouse in February with 45-65 F temperature. Surviving entries were used as donors. More than 500 accessions from US genebank were evaluated in the field and phenotypic selection was conducted to identify potential donors for higher yields and other important traits. Induced mutants from mutation breeding and natural mutants from the crosses were also identified. These include albino, chlorina, spotted leaf, white streaking and variegation that can be useful in functional genomics. DNA marker can enhance breeding through faster selection. Currently, DNA markers for blast resistance, plant height and amylose content are being used to screen lines for advancement and possible entries for yield trials. Lines having the gene at either heterozygous or homozygous state have been identified. The number of leaves and tillers, and the rates at which these structures are produced by the rice plant were found to impact grain yield potential. Plants or lines at F2, F3 and F4 of
Zhe 733/Cocodrie cross were evaluated weekly for leaf and tiller counts in the field and greenhouse. Correlation of F2 to the F3 and F4 for the rate of leaf and tiller production indicated low to moderate heritability.
Impacts
The current selections ready for statewide performance trials are potential for varietal release. These lines have yield potential and important traits for new rice variety. The genetic diversity maintained in the materials is important in increasing production and maintaining sustainability while the new mutants identified will be important in future varietal development projects and genetic studies.
Publications
- Tabien, RE. OPB Samonte, CL Harper, PM Frank JV Pace LT. Wilson. 2005. Inheritance of number of leaves and tillers and rated of leaf and tiller production in Chinese rice cultivar Zhe 733. 5th Rice Genetics Conference. Nov. 19-24, 2005. Manila, Philippines
- Samonte, O.P.B., T. Wilson, R.E. Tabien. 2005. Maximum node production rate and main culm node number contributions to yield and yield related traits in rice. Field Crop Res (Accepted)
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
The project generated 203 crosses using introduced germplasm, U.S. varieties, and elite lines from U.S. rice breeders to combine traits from several donors. It has also developed crosses having japonica and indica germplasm, and cold tolerance but none for herbicide tolerance due to absence of donor. Negotiation for patented herbicide resistance gene is in-progress. Segregating materials shared by U.S. breeders were advance and selections were made. Selected panicles were included in the pedigree nursery composed of 10,400 rows. Phenotypic selection based on over-all plant type, maturity, grain and panicle type was done for each row and later within the rows. Due to few segregants in some crosses, 93 near uniform lines were selected and were evaluated for yield, agronomic, and milling traits. Initial grain yield data identified several lines with more than 10,000 lb/acre main crop yield. The best elite lines from U.S. rice breeders were included in a collaborative
multi-state trials called Uniform Regional Rice Nursery (URRN). Results of Texas-URRN showed that among the released varieties, hybrid rice XL8 had the highest total grain yield (main crop plus ratoon) but it was out-yielded by 10 inbred lines with yields of 12,200 to 13,200 lb/acre. For whole grain, Cheniere was the best among the released varieties but similar to XL8, it was surpassed by nine lines with yields of 5,800 to 6,800 lb/acre. These high yielding entries are potentials for new release. Gene for herbicide resistance is limited and were all patented, thus evaluation of germplasm from the genebank and lines from the breeders were collected and screened for Roundup and Liberty tolerance. Mutation breeding for tolerance to the same herbicides using ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) for seed and methyl nitrosurea (MNU) for floret was also initiated. Nearly 1,500 rice germplasm were collected from the genebank and U.S. breeders and more than 16,000 plants from EMS treated seeds and
2,348 plants from MNU treated florets were generated and had seeds for herbicide screening. Initial screening of germplasm identified 132 and 32 accessions tolerant to Liberty and Roundup, respectively and these are currently being re-evaluated. In mutation breeding, 400 plants from EMS treatment produced seed but only one plant from MNU treatment had seeds after herbicide treatment. These will be re-screened for herbicide tolerance. Reports showed that the rate of tiller and leaf production are important in increasing yield potential, however, genetics of these traits in not clear. F2 and F3 populations involving Zhe 733 and LQ275a were evaluated either in the greenhouse or field to study inheritance. Initial results revealed that rate of tiller production might be controlled by major gene but not the rate of leaf production for Zhe 733 and LQ275a. Development of a recombinant population for these crosses was initiated as needed in future mapping of the gene(s).
Impacts
The plant types currently under evaluation will be the potential new varieties and donors of important traits. The large amount of diversity maintained in the materials will enhance stability, avoid genetic erosion, and favor sustainability. Moreover, the discovery or identified donors will help future varietal development projects.
Publications
- Vera Cruz, C.M., Ona, I., Reveche, M., Manalo, J. Linholm, K., Carillo, G., Begum, S., Borines, L., Bustamam, M., Tabien, R.E. Singh, K., Bernardo, M., Leach, J.E., Hulbert, S.H., Leung, H., and Mew, T.W. 2004. Host plant resistance for managing bacterial blight: Are major genes enough? Abstract of papers presented at the First International Conference on Bacterial Blight. 17-19 March, 2004. Tsukuba International Congress Center, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, Japan. p11.
- Pinson, S.R.M., Li, Z., Tabien, R.E., Tai, T.H., Redus, M., Fjellstrom, R.G. 2004. The Lemont/TeQing RIL rice population provides unique opportunity for correlating molecular data with phenomics. Abstracts. 2nd International Meeting on Rice Functional Genomics. Tucson, Arizona. Nov.17-19, 2004.
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