Progress 07/01/03 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Research terminated early due to reassignment of principal investigator
Impacts
Two evaluation programs were administered in 2003. Both evaluations compared efficacy of the industry standard, phosmet, to the new, alternative materials. A comprehensive airblast evaluation was performed using indoxacarb, acetamiprid, thiomethoxam, thiacloprid, clothianidin and phosmet. All new materials provided encouraging efficacy under extraordinary plum curculio pressure. Indoxacarb and clothianidin performed very well. In addition, a single tree handgun evaluation was performed as a screening tool for next years airblast evaluation. As a group, the pyrethroids performed well. New chemistries such as dinotefuran (nitroguanidine), fipronil (phenylpyrazole) and acetamiprid (choronicotinyl) performed better than pyrethroids and matched or exceeded phosmet efficacy against plum curculio. Scale suppression among the tested materials was similar to the airblast evaluation in that none of the materials demonstrated clear evidence of scale efficacy. Our evaluations
indicate some of the alternative materials demonstrate potential as OP replacements for control of plum curculio. In addition, these new materials will require increased pest monitoring in order to improve timing of sprays. With this in mind, temperature dependent phenology models for white peach/San Jose scale and plum curculio are needed for southeastern peach production and will be examined in 2004. Plum curculio and scale biology models are prerequisites to development of more evolved IPM options in southeastern peaches.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
The Clemson University/University of Georgia Peach Entomology program continued examination of alternative insecticide chemistries to replace standard organophosphate (OP) materials in use by southeastern peach producers. Phosmet and azinphosmethyl are the current in-season insecticide standards in the southeastern U.S. Phosmet is most widely used due to its very good control of plum curculio, low worker safety risks and workable REI/PHIs. Azinphosmethyl provides outstanding control of nearly all peach insect pests but its use is limited by lengthy REI/PHIs. New, lower risk materials are becoming available and must be examined to determine effective candidate materials should future regulatory decisions affect use of the remaining OP materials in the southeastern peach pest management scheme. Plum curculio is the primary pest of southeastern peaches and is the focus of our evaluations. New chemistries such as oxadiazines, choronicotinyls, neonicotinoids and
nitroguanidines have demonstrated promise in controlling this pest. In our 2003 harvest data, all candidate materials within these groups provided encouraging efficacy when tested against extraordinarily high plum curculio pressure. Some materials provided 14-day control while others experienced slight declines in efficacy after 7-days. Even if some materials do indeed prove to be 7-day materials, there is a clear need for an effective material that could be applied closer to harvest than the current industry standard application of phosmet 14-days pre-harvest. Post-FQPA examination of peach acreage across the US and data from research trials has highlighted scale and lesser peachtree borers as emerging pests. Among the currently available in-season insecticides only azinphos-methyl provides adequate scale suppression. Phosmet, the primary OP-standard in southeastern peaches, provides a highly inadequate level of scale suppression. Data from our 2003 evaluation indicate none of the
tested materials provide scale control. This emphasizes the inevitable need for additional scale control inputs as OP use declines in southeastern peaches.
Impacts
Two evaluation programs were administered in 2003. Both evaluations compared efficacy of the industry standard, phosmet, to the new, alternative materials. A comprehensive airblast evaluation was performed using indoxacarb, acetamiprid, thiomethoxam, thiacloprid, clothianidin and phosmet. All new materials provided encouraging efficacy under extraordinary plum curculio pressure. Indoxacarb and clothianidin performed very well. In addition, a single tree handgun evaluation was performed as a screening tool for next years airblast evaluation. As a group, the pyrethroids performed well. New chemistries such as dinotefuran (nitroguanidine), fipronil (phenylpyrazole) and acetamiprid (choronicotinyl) performed better than pyrethroids and matched or exceeded phosmet efficacy against plum curculio. Scale suppression among the tested materials was similar to the airblast evaluation in that none of the materials demonstrated clear evidence of scale efficacy. Our evaluations
indicate some of the alternative materials demonstrate potential as OP replacements for control of plum curculio. In addition, these new materials will require increased pest monitoring in order to improve timing of sprays. With this in mind, temperature dependent phenology models for white peach/San Jose scale and plum curculio are needed for southeastern peach production and will be examined in 2004. Plum curculio and scale biology models are prerequisites to development of more evolved IPM options in southeastern peaches.
Publications
- No publications reported during 2003.
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