Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Cropping systems research was conducted on variety development of winter and spring Brassica crops of canola, camelina, yellow and brown mustard. Agronomic experiments were conducted on sowing winter canola at wide row spacing and comparing swathing, forced lodging and direct combining of canola. Nitrogen fertility rates and timing of application were conducted on trials of hard white, hard red, and soft white winter wheats. Canola cultivar trials consisted of 22 lines of winter canola sown and Pendleton and Hermiston, Oregon in September and October. Cultivar trials at Hermiston are irrigated, while trials at Pendleton are rainfed only. At Pendleton, canola germplasm was compared using tilled summer fallow and direct seeded chemical fallow as part of a cooperative effort with the University of Idaho to select lines that perform well under reduced tillage. Twenty two spring canola cultivars were sown at Pendleton and Hermiston, Oregon. Seventeen cultivars of yellow and brown
mustard and 12 cultivars of camelina were spring sown at Pendleton and Moro. Nitrogen rate and timing trials were conducted on hard red winter wheat, hard red spring wheat, hard white spring wheat, and soft white spring wheat at Helix, Oregon. Five rates of nitrogen, some with split fall and spring applications were evaluated. Trial results were communicated to 850 clients including growers and field consultants at annual field days held in June at Pendleton and Moro, Oregon. Results are also reported at the University of Idaho website (http://www.ag.uidaho.edu/brassica/forgrowers.htm#Field%20Trial%20Res ults:). This web site has over 500 hits per year. Presentations were given at 95 meetings to over 6,000 clients in the region. Approximately, 1000 telephone communications with growers, extension agent, NRCS staff, Tribal resource staff, and other agencies were fielded during the 5 year of this project
PARTICIPANTS: Don Wysocki, PI Sandy Ott, Research Assistant 2 years Nick Sirovatka, Research Assistant 3 years Andrea Redman, Graduate Student 2 years Dr. Jack Brown, University of Idaho Collaborator, 5 years Jim Davis, University of Idaho, Collaborator, 5 years Donna Erickson, University of Idaho, Collaborator 5 years Jeanne Olmsted, University of Idaho, Graduate Student, 2 years Pendleton Grain Growers, Pendleton, Oregon 3 years Columbia Crush LLC, Pendleton, Oregon, 4 years Madison Farms, Echo Oregon, 5 years Great Plains Oil and Exploration, 1 year NRCS in Oregon Soil and Water Conservation District in Oregon
TARGET AUDIENCES: Dryland Farmers in Eastern Oregon and Eastern Washington Soil and Water Conservation Districts Umatilla Tribal Members and Governance
Impacts
Canola research has enable growers to direct seed into chemical fallow and produce acceptable stands and consistent yields. A regional grain cooperative and a privately business have begun crushing locally-grown canola to produce raw vegetable oil, protein meal, and biodiesel. Also a local producer has purchased crushing equipment and is making biodiesel for use on the farm. Oil and meal are sold off the farm to local biodiesel processors and meal is sold to local dairies. Four private companies are contracting acres for canola, mustard and camelina production in the region. Adoption of direct seeding of winter and spring cereals varies between 10 and 80 percent of cropland acres in counties in eastern Oregon and Washington. This results in significant improvement in soil and water quality in the region. Information from direct seeded wheat and nitrogen management is helping growers refine fertility rates and apply the appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and
sulfur.
Publications
- Horneck, D. A, Wysocki D. J., B. Hopkins, J. Hart, and R. Stevens. 2007. Acidifying Soil For Crop Production East Of The Cascades PNW 599-E.
- Wysocki, D. J. M. K. Corp, DA Horneck, and L. Luther. 2007. Irrigated and Dryland Canola Fertilizer Guide, EM 8943-E.
- L.K. Lutcher, D.A. Horneck, D.J. Wysocki, J.M. Hart, S.E. Petrie, and N.W. Christensen. 2007. Winter Wheat in Summer-Fallow Systems-Low Precipitation Zone, Fertilizer Guide, FG80-E. Revised.
- Wysocki, L.K. Lutcher, D.A. Horneck, J.M. Hart, S.E. Petrie. 2007. Winter Wheat and Spring Grains in Continuous Cropping Systems-Low Precipitation Zone, Fertilizer Guide FG81-E.
- L.K. Lutcher, D.A. Horneck, D.J. Wysocki, J.M. Hart, S.E. Petrie, and N.W. Christensen. 2007. Winter Wheat in Summer-Fallow Systems-Intermediate Precipitation Zone, Fertilizer Guide FG80-E.
- D.J. Wysocki, L.K. Lutcher, D.A. Horneck, J.M. Hart, S.E. Petrie and M.K. Corp. 2007. Winter Wheat in Continuous Cropping Systems-Intermediate Precipitation Zone, Fertilizer Guide FG83-E. Revised.
- S.E. Petrie, D.J. Wysocki, D.A. Horneck, L.K. Lutcher J.M. Hart, and M.K. Corp. 2007. Winter Wheat in Continuous Cropping Systems- High Precipitation Zone, Fertilizer Guide FG84-E. Revised.
- Davis, J. B., J. Brown, D. Wysocki. 2007. Pacific Northwest Winter Canola Variety Trial Results PSES Dept., University of Idaho.
- Davis, J. B., J. Brown, D. Wysocki. 2007. Pacific Northwest Mustard Variety Trial Results. PSES Dept., University of Idaho.
- Davis, J. B., J. Brown, and D. Wysocki. 2007. Pacific Northwest Spring Canola Variety Trial Results. PSES Dept., University of Idaho.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Cropping systems research was conducted on variety development of winter and spring Brassica crops of canola, and yellow and brown mustard, agronomic practices for sowing winter canola, comparison of harvesting techniques of spring rapeseed, caparison spring canola, yellow mustard and brown mustard, and nitrogen fertility of hard wheat. Canola trials consisted of 24 lines of winter canola sown and Pendleton and Hermiston, Oregon. Trials at Hermiston were irrigated, while trials at Pendleton are rainfed only. Up to 3600 lb/seed per acre were obtained at Hermiston and 2500 lb/seed per acre at Pendleton. Spring yellow and brown mustard and canola were direct seeded into various residue management treatments. Yields were 700-900 lb/acre. Residue was left standing, burned, harrowed, or flail mowed. Canola was more sensitive to residue than either brown or yellow mustard. Brown mustard performed the best of the three crops. Swathing, pushing and direct harvesting of spring
rapeseed were compared. Directing cutting produced the best results. Nitrogen rate and timing trials were conducted on hard red winter wheat, hard red spring wheat, hard white spring wheat, and soft white spring wheat at Pendleton, Oregon. Trials were sown in the fall of 200 and 2006 resulting in 80 experimental units each season. Results of these trials collectively show that among fertilizer treatments and varieties optimum nitrogen fertilizer varied significantly with landscape position, soil depth and available water. It was also shown that hard whites and soft wheat utilize nitrogen in the same manner. However, hard wheats require more nitrogen because of the market specification for higher protein content.
Impacts
Canola research has enable growers to direct seed into chemical fallow and produce acceptable stands and consistent yields. A regional grain cooperative has begun crushing of local canola to produce value added products. This includes cooking oil, biodiesel, and protein livestock meal. Also a local producer has purchased crushing equipment and making biodiesel for use on the farm. Oil and meal are sold off the farm to local biodiesel processors and meal is sold to local dairies. Direct seeding of winter and spring cereals varies between 10 and 80 percent of cropland acres in counties in eastern Oregon and Washington. Information from direct seeded wheat and nitrogen management is helping growers refine fertility rates and apply the appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur.
Publications
- Wysocki, D. J. and M. K. Corp. 2006. Using Seed Size, Planting Date, and Expected Yield to Adjust Dryland Winter Wheat Seeding Rates. Oregon Agric. Exp. Station Special Report 1068 pp 103-110.
- Horneck, D. A, Wysocki D. J., B. Hopkins, J. Hart, and R. Stevens. 2006. Acidifying Soil For Crop Production East Of The Cascades EM 8917-E. http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/em/em8917-e.pdf
- M.K. Corp, D. A. Horneck, D .J. Wysocki, and L. Lutche. 2006 Monitoring Soil Nutrients in Dryland Systems, OSU Extension Publication EM-45.
- Wysocki, D. J. M. K. Corp, DA Horneck, and L. Luther. 2006. Irrigated and Dryland Canola Fertilizer Guide, OSU Extension Publication EM-E.
- Davis, J. B., J. Brown, D. Wysocki and A. Hang. 2006. Pacific Northwest Mustard Variety Trial Results. PSES Dept., University of Idaho. http:/www.ag.uidaho.edu/brassica/.
- Davis, J. B., J. Brown, D. Wysocki and A. Hang. 2006. Pacific Northwest Spring Canola Variety Trial Results. PSES Dept., University of Idaho. http:/www.ag.uidaho.edu/brassica/.
- Davis, J. B., J. Brown, and D. Wysocki. 2006. Pacific Northwest Winter Canola Variety Trial Results. PSES Dept., University of Idaho. http:/www.ag.uidaho.edu/brassica/
- P. Carter, T. Brown, L. Porter, D. Wysocki, R. T. Koenig and D. Huggins. 2006. Soil Acidity and Lime Responses in the Pacific Northwest Poster at ASA Meeting, Indianapolis
- Olmstead, J, 2006. Optimum Agronomic Practices for Brassica juncea in the Pacific Northwest. M. S. Thesis, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Cropping systems research was conducted nitrogen fertility of wheat, variety development of winter and spring canola, and yellow and brown mustard. Nitrogen rate and timing trials were conducted on hard red winter wheat, hard red spring wheat, hard white spring wheat, and soft white spring wheat at Pendleton, Oregon. Trials were sown in the fall of 2004 and 2005 resulting in 80 experimental units each season. Results of these trials collectively show that among fertilizer treatments and varieties optimum nitrogen fertilizer varied significantly with landscape position, soil depth and available water. Canola trials consisted of 24 lines of winter canola sown and Pendleton and Hermiston, Oregon. Trials at Hermiston are irrigated, while trials at Pendleton are rainfed only. Up to 4000 lb/seed per acre were obtained at Hermiston and 2700 lb/seed per acre at Pendleton. Spring yellow and brown mustard and canola were direct seeded into various residue management treatments.
Yields were 500-700 lb/acre. Residue was left standing, burned, harrowed, or flail mowed. Canola was more sensitive to residue than either brown or yellow mustard. Brown mustard performed the best of the three crops
Impacts
Direct seeding of winter and spring cereals varies between 10 and 80 percent of cropland acres in counties in eastern Oregon and Washington. Information from direct seeded wheat and nitrogen management is helping growers refine fertility rates and apply the appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Canola research has enable growers to direct seed into chemical fallow and produce acceptable stands and consistent yields. Growers have pooled funds and sought grant money to form an LLC to market value added products from canola. The LLC has received $12,000 in grants monies. A local farmer owned cooperative has purchased crushing equipment and will have crush facilities on-line by January 2006
Publications
- Koenig, R., D. Roe, and D. Wysocki, 2004. Pacific Northwest STEEP Conservation Tillage Update newsletter. University of Idaho, Oregon State University and Washington State University.
- Koenig, R., D. Roe, and D. Wysoc, 2004 Pacific Northwest STEEP Conservation Tillage Update newsletter. University of Idaho, Oregon State University and Washington State University.
- OSU 54-B, 2005. Fertilization of Continuously Cropped Winter and Spring Grains-Low Precipitation Zone Don Wysocki, Larry Lutcher, Donald Horneck, Steven Petrie
- OSU 54-D, 2005. Fertilization of Annually Cropped Winter and Spring Grains-Intermediate Precipitation Zone , Don Wysocki, Larry Lutcher, Donald Horneck, Steven Petrie
- Brown, J., Davis, J., and D.J. Wysocki, and D. Johnson, 2005. PNW Winter Canola Variety Trial Results. U of I Extension Bulletin, Moscow, Idaho
- Brown J., J. Davis, D.J. Wysocki, and D. Johnson, 2005. PNW Mustard Variety Trial Results. U of I Extension Bulletin, Moscow, Idaho
- Davis, J., J. Brown, D.J. Wysocki, and D. Johnson, 2005. PNW Spring Canola Variety Trial Results. U of I Extension Bulletin, Moscow, Idaho
- Wysocki, D. J. 2005. Editor. Proceedings of Eighth Northwest Direct Seed Cropping Systems Conference. NW Direct Seed Conference, 3180 W. Clearwater, Suite E, Kennewick, WA and on the Web (http://pnwsteep.wsu.edu)
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Cropping systems research was conducted on nitrogen fertility management of hard white winter wheat, hard red spring wheat, hard white spring wheat and soft white spring wheat. Trials were direct seeded in the fall or spring at two locations in eastern Oregon resulting in 265 experimental units. Results of these trials collectively show that among fertilizer treatments and varieties optimum nitrogen fertilizer varied significantly with landscape position, soil depth and available water. The optimum rate varied between 0 and 100 lb/acre. Cultivar trials of 24 lines of winter canola produced up to 4000 lb/seed per acre at Hermiston, Oregon. Spring yellow and brown mustard and canola grown under various residue management treatments yielded 1800 lb/acre. Residue was left standing, burned, harrowed, or flail mowed. Canola was more sensitive to residue than either brown or yellow mustard.
Impacts
Direct seeding of winter and spring cereals varies between 10 and 80 percent of cropland acres in counties in eastern Oregon and Washington. Information from direct seeded wheat and nitrogen management is helping growers refine fertility rates and apply the appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Canola research has enable growers to direct seed into chemical fallow and produce acceptable stands and consistent yields. Growers have pooled funds and sought grant money to form an LLC to market value added products from canola. A business plan is being prepared for the LLC.
Publications
- Wysocki D. J. 2004. Managing Dryland Wheat Cropping Systems for Profitability and Environmental Quality. Oregon Wheat Commission Annual Progress Report.Oregon Wheat Commission, Portland, Oregon
- Brown, J. and D.J. Wysocki 2004. Identifying superior Brassica species and cultivars within species that are suitable for direct seeding throughout the Pacific Northwest region. STEEP 2004 Annual Report, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
- Brown, J., Davis, J., and D.J. Wysocki, and D. Johnson. 2004. PNW Winter Canola Variety Trial Results. U of I Extension Bulletin, Moscow, Idaho
- Brown J., J. Davis, D.J. Wysocki, and D. Johnson. 2004. PNW Mustard Variety Trial Results. U of I Extension Bulletin, Moscow, Idaho
- Davis, J., J. Brown, D.J. Wysocki, and D. Johnson. 2004. PNW Spring Canola Variety Trial Results. U of I Extension Bulletin, Moscow, Idaho
- R. Koenig, D Roe, and D. J. Wysocki 2004. Pacific Northwest Conservation Tillage Update May 2004. University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
- R. Koenig, D Roe, and D. J. Wysocki 2004. Pacific Northwest Conservation Tillage Update November 2004. University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
- Wysocki, D.J. 2004. Expanding Access to PNW STEEP Cropping Systems Technology. STEEP 2002 Annual Rpt., Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Cropping systems research was conducted on nitrogen fertility management of hard white winter wheat, hard red spring wheat, hard white spring wheat and soft white spring wheat. Trials were direct seeded in the fall or spring at four locations in eastern Oregon resulting in 465 experimental units. Results of these trials collectively show that among fertilizer treatments and varieties optimum nitrogen fertilizer varied significantly with landscape position, soil depth and available water. The optimum rate varied between 0 and 90 lb/acre. Cultivar trials of 24 lines of winter canola showed that the best adapted varieties will yield about 85 percent of winter wheat when plant as late as October 1. Annually cropped canola planted at this date yielded 1500 lb/acre. Research on winter canola stand establishment showed that adequate stands can be achieved when soil water content is 12 percent or higher. Chemical fallow receiving 9 mm of rain in September had 12 percent water
at 2 inch depth and produced excellent stands. Trials of soil amendments from yellow condiment mustard, brown mustard, canola and onion waste showed various responses to warm season weeds and crop yields. Yellow Mustard had better weed suppression in wheat and peas than did other amendments. Crop response was closely associated with nitrogen content of the amendment. Sunflower trials were conducted using direct seeding following spring wheat. Sunflowers yielded 1200/lbs acre in on 13 inches of available water.
Impacts
Direct seeding of winter and spring cereals varies between 10 and 80 percent of cropland acres in counties in eastern Oregon and Washington. Information from direct seeded wheat and nitrogen management is helping growers refine fertility rates and apply the appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Canola research has enable growers to direct seed into chemical fallow and produce acceptable stands and consistent yields. Growers have pooled funds and sought grant money to form an LLC to market value added products from canola. A business plan is being prepared for the LLC.
Publications
- Wysocki D. J. 2003 Managing Dryland Wheat Cropping Systems for Profitability and Environmental Quality. Oregon Wheat Commission Annual Progress Report. p.8 Oregon Wheat Commission, Portland, Oregon
- Wysocki, D.J. and D. Horneck. 2003. Soils of the Columbia Basin, Proceedings of Pacific Northwest Vegetable Association pp 55-63 Pasco, Washington.
- Wysocki, D.J. 2003. Developing Flex Cropping Options for Wheat-Fallow Rotations STEEP 2002 Annual Report pp 141-146, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
- Brown, J. and D.J. Wysocki 2003. Identifying superior Brassica species and cultivars within species that are suitable for direct seeding throughout the Pacific Northwest region. STEEP 2002 Annual Report pp 15-20, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
- Brown, J., Davis, J., and D.J. Wysocki, and D. Johnson. 2003. PNW Winter Canola Variety Trial Results. U of I Extension Bulletin, Moscow, Idaho
- Brown J., J. Davis, D.J. Wysocki, and D. Johnson. 2003. PNW Mustard Variety Trial Results. U of I Extension Bulletin, Moscow, Idaho
- Davis, J., J. Brown, D.J. Wysocki, and D. Johnson. 2003. PNW Spring Canola Variety Trial Results. U of I Extension Bulletin, Moscow, Idaho
- Veseth, R. J. and D. J. Wysocki 2003 Pacific Northwest Conservation Tillage Update. February 2003. University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
- Veseth, R. J. and D. J. Wysocki 2003. Expanding Access to PNW STEEP Cropping Systems Technology. STEEP 2002 Annual Report pp. 127-140, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
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