Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Objective 1. Develop monitoring instrument and technology for agricultural air emission measurement. Measurement equipment and technology was reviewed. Test protocols developed for a set of portable gas and dust measurement equipment used to assess farm indoor air quality, air emission rate, air pollutant dispersion. A state-of-the-art air emission mobile lab for continuous air emission monitoring on farms was constructed. Also developed was a wireless sensor network to measure ventilation rate and indoor environment of animal production facilities. All the above measurement technologies were applied to research projects. Objective 2. Quantified air quality parameters of typical Ohio livestock farms. Over the past 5 years, 11 representative Ohio animal facilities were studied, including one swine finishing farm with deep manure pit, one swine furrowing farm with manure lagoon, one swine finishing farm with manure lagoon, two free stall dairy farms, two dairy manure storage, and five poultry layer barns. Air quality spatial distribution inside the animal buildings and outdoors along downwind direction were studied over cold, warm, and hot seasons. Air emission rates at some farms were quantified. Statistical analysis was conducted to figure out effects of management practice, ventilation, weather conditions, facility type, and time of day on air quality and emissions of animal farms. The air quality studies quantified and showed how different animal farms have different challenges to manage air emissions in different seasons. Objective 3. Model dust, gas and odor dispersion. A dust model project has been newly funded by the USDA AFRI program to develop a model tool to assess impact of large poultry facilities on dust level of neighboring communities. An ammonia estimation tool based on mass balance of farm has been developed. Proposal to develop an odor dispersion model has been developed and seeking funding. Objective 4. Develop and evaluate air emission mitigation technology and best management practices. A wet scrubber prototype for recovery of ammonia emission from animal facilities was developed and tested in the lab with funding from a USDA NRI project. One wet scrubber has been installed at a covered manure storage at University Minnesota for field testing. A 2nd wet scrubber for a poultry composting facility was developed and will be installed at a commercial composting facility in February 2010 for long-term field performance tests. In addition, a lab scale electrostatic precipitator (ESP) technology was developed with support from a ASHRAE Graduate Aid grant for poultry dust control. The ESP showed good potential in collection of poultry dust test. Currently, an Ohio Dairy Producer Association funded study is being conducted to evaluate effects of manure storage cover on air emission, biogas generation, and nitrogen conservation. PARTICIPANTS: Lingying Zhao, Associate Professor; Harold Keener, Professor; Jon Rausch; William P Weiss, Professor; David Latshaw, Professor; Roderick Manuzon, Graduate Research Associate, The Ohio State University; Albert Heber, Professor; Jiqin Ni, Assistant Professor, Purdue University; Julie Fuck, Associate Professor, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center; The Ohio State University. TARGET AUDIENCES: University researchers, agency professionals, livestock and poultry environmental managers, livestock and poultry producer, extension educator, regulatory staff and engineers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The measurement technology developed for ventilation and air quality monitoring will enable generation of massive amount and highly quality data for future comprehensive air quality studies and monitoring. Baseline air quality and emission information about Ohio animal facilities have helped to improve understanding of health and environmental impacts of AFOs and resolve the rising air quality issues and concerns. The data will help regulatory agency to formulate science based regulations on air quality and air emission standards for animal feeding operations. The ammonia estimation tool will supply the Ohio livestock industries with a powerful on-farm NH3 management tool which can lead to: efficient management of NH3 emissions, reduction of environmental and health impacts of the industries, increased manure value, and sustainable production operations. Mitigation technologies and management practices evaluated and developed will help livestock industry to abate air emission and sustain environmental stewardship effectively while maintaining profitability and sustainability of the productions.
Publications
- Manuzon R. and L.Y. Zhao. 2009. Laboratory Evaluation and Modeling of Electrostatic Precipitation of PM Emissions from Poultry Buildings. ASHRAE Transactions 115(2): 850-886.
- Manuzon, R.B. and L. Y. Zhao. 2009. Are wet scrubbers applicable for controlling ammonia and particulate emissions from AFOs - A Review. In Proceedings of the 2009 AWMA Annual Conference Symposium. Detroit, MI. June 16-19.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Four research projects related to air quality problems in livestock production were conducted or initiated in 2008. Project 1, "Characterization and Abatement of Ammonia, Particulate, Pathogen, and Odor Emissions from Egg Production Facilities" has been to quantify and characterize baseline air emission rates for NH3, PM, pathogens, and odor for twelve months using high quality data collection methods at two representative egg laying facilities. The project data collection was finished in February of 2008. Preliminary data validation and analysis were also finished. Three conference presentations and one paper had been published (Zhao, et al., 2008). Project 2, "An on-farm tool for management of nitrogen nutrient loss and NH3 emission from animal manure", is to develop a tool based on an innovative mass balance approach to predicting NH3-N emissions from livestock facilities. The innovative mass balance approach is convenient and low cost and only needs to be proven reliable, and accurate. The study has focused on dairy and poultry layer production systems and will lead to a web-based and producer friendly decision support tool. The project is still in data collection stage and three layer facilities have been sampled for 8 months. A small scale study on mass balance of layer production had been completed. Conceptual paper on methodology published (Keener and Zhao, 2008). Project 3, "Thermal Risk for Salmonella in Swine", is a USDA CSREES NRI funded study. It is a longitudinal evaluation of the effect of ventilation and indoor environment of swine barns on salmonella prevalence in finishing swine. A new wireless indoor environment monitoring system (Darr and Zhao, 2008) has been developed and successfully used for this study. Data collection on two swine barns started in the Summer of 2008 and is still going on. The study will investigate association between indoor environmental parameters and Salmonella prevalence in four swine finishing barns over a 3 year production period. Project 4, "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Bedded Dairy Pack Systems for Ohio", is a newly funded project by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service in Ohio. It will evaluate indoor air quality, building design, and manure handling systems for new bedded pack dairy facilities in Ohio. Four Ohio dairy facilities have been identified and sampling protocols and measurement methods are under development. Indoor air quality, ventilation systems, and manure handling will be monitored for four seasons in 2009. PARTICIPANTS: Lingying Zhao, Associate Professor; Harold Keener, Professor; Jon Rausch; William P Weiss, Professor; David Latshaw, Professor; Roderick Manuzon, Graduate Research Associate, The Ohio State University; Albert Heber, Professor; Jiqin Ni, Assistant Professor, Purdue University; Julie Fuck, Associate Professor, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center; The Ohio State University TARGET AUDIENCES: University researchers, agency professionals, livestock and poultry environmental managers, livestock and poultry producer, extension educator, regulatory staff and engineers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
1. Baseline air quality and emission information about Ohio animal facilities have helped to resolve the rising air quality issues and concerns. The data will also help regulatory agency to form proper regulation on air quality and air emission from animal feeding operations. 2. The ammonia estimation tool will supply the Ohio livestock industries with a powerful on-farm NH3 management tool which will lead to efficient management of NH3 emissions (by adoption of better management practices and mitigation technologies), reduction of environmental and health impacts of the industries, increased manure value, and viable and sustainable production operations. 3. Salmonellosis remains a major foodborne disease threat to public health in the United States. Knowledge gained from the "Salmonella" project will be used to develop cost-effective, pre-harvest interventions for controlling Salmonella and thus reduce the risk of food borne human salmonellosis associated with pork. In addition the study will result in interventions that would have animal health and performance benefits, leading to safe and competitive pork production. 4. Composting dairy facilities have become a favorable choice of dairy producers recently. Guidelines generated from the bedded pack project will help Midwest dairy producers to maintain healthy and economically competitive operations.
Publications
- Darr, M.J., L. Zhao. 2008. A Model for Predicting Signal Transmission Performance of Wireless Sensors in Poultry Layer Facilities. Transactions of the ASABE. 51(5): 1817-1827.
- Keener, H.M. and L.Y. Zhao. 2008. .A modified mass balance for predicting ammonia emissions from manure nitrogen for livestock and storage facilities. Biosystems Engineering. 99(1):81-87.
- Zhao, L.Y., R. Manuzon, M. Darr, H. Keener, A. J. Heber, and J.-Q. Ni. 2008. Ammonia issions from a commercial poultry manure composting facility. In Proc. 8th International Livestock Environment Symposium, xxx-xxx. St. Joseph, Mich: ASABE.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Three research projects related to air quality problems in livestock production were conducted or initiated in 2007. I. "Characterization and Abatement of Ammonia, Particulate, Pathogen, and Odor Emissions from Egg Production Facilities" is to quantify and characterize baseline air emission rates for NH3, PM, pathogens, and odor for twelve months using high quality data collection methods at two representative egg laying facilities. The effects of belt removal of manure and manure composting on air emission was quantified and shared with stakeholders. Equipments for the project had been installed and data collection has been going on for 11 months and will continue till February of 2008. Preliminary data validation and analysis were conducted. Systematic data analysis and project reporting will be conducted after data collection is finished in 2008. II. "An on-farm tool for management of nitrogen nutrient loss and NH3 emission from animal manure" is to develop a tool based
on an innovative mass balance approach to predicting NH3-N emissions from livestock facilities. The innovative mass balance approach is convenient and low cost and only needs to be proven reliable, and accurate. The study has been focused on dairy and poultry layer production systems and will lead to a web-based and producer friendly decision support tool. The project is still on it protocol development and data collection stage. Three layer facilities have been sampled for 8 months. A small scale study on mass balance of layer production has been completed. Dairy facilities have been identified and dairy farm sampling will start in Spring of 2008. III. "Thermal Risk for Salmonella in Swine" is a newly funded four-year USDA CSREES NRI study based on a preliminary one-year study conducted in 2006. It is a longitudinal evaluation of the effect of ventilation and indoor environment of swine barns on salmonella prevalence in finishing swine. A new wireless indoor environment monitoring
system is under development. Participating farms have been identified and measurement plan and protocols are under development. Data collection will start in March and June of 2008. The study will investigate association between indoor environmental parameters and Salmonella prevalence in four swine finishing barns over 3 year production period.
PARTICIPANTS: Lingying Zhao, Assistant Professor, The Ohio State University Harold Keener, Professor, The Ohio State University Albert Heber, Professor, Purdue University Jiqin Ni, Assistant Professor, Purdue University William P Weiss, Professor, The Ohio State University J. David Latshaw, Professor, The Ohio State University Jon Rausch, Extension Program Director, The Ohio State University Julie Fuck, Associate Professor, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center Roderick Manuzon, Graduate Research Associate, The Ohio State University
TARGET AUDIENCES: University researchers, agency professionals, livestock and poultry environmental managers, livestock and poultry producer, extension educator, regulatory staff and engineers.
Impacts
1. Baseline air quality and emission information about Ohio animal facilities have helped to resolve the rising air quality issues and concerns. The data will also help regulatory agency to form proper regulation on air quality and air emission from animal feeding operations. 2. The ammonia estimation tool will supply the Ohio livestock industries with a powerful on-farm NH3 management tool with which will lead to efficient management of NH3 emissions, adoption of management practices and mitigation technologies, reduction of environmental and health impacts of the industries, increased manure value, and viable and sustainable production operations. 3. Salmonellosis remains a major foodborne disease threat to public health in the United States. Knowledge gained from the "Salmonella" project will likely result in cost-effective, pre-harvest interventions for control of Salmonella to reduce the risk of foodborne human salmonellosis associated with pork. In addition the
study will result in interventions that would have animal health and performance benefits, which lead to safe and competitive port production.
Publications
- Keener, H. M. and L.Y. Zhao. 2008. A modified mass balance method for prediction NH3 emissions from manure N for livestock facilities. Biosystems Engineering 99(1):81-87.
- Sun, H., L.Y. Zhao, and Y. Zhang. 2007. Evaluating RNG k-ε models using PIV data for airflow in animal buildings at different ventilation rates. ASHRAE Transactions 113(1): 358-365.
- Sun, H., L.Y. Zhao, and Y. Zhang. 2007. Evaluation of RNG κ-ε and LES non-isothermal models for indoor airflow using PIV measurement data. Trans. ASABE 50(2): 621−631.
- Zhao, L.Y., Y. Zhang, X. Wang, and G.L. Riskowski. 2007. Analysis of airflow in a full-scale room with non-isothermal jet ventilation using PIV techniques. ASHRAE Transactions 113(1): 414-425.
- Zhao, L.Y., M. F. Brugger, R. B. Manuzon, G. Arnold, and E. Imerman. 2007. Variations in air quality of new Ohio dairy facilities with natural ventilation systems. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 23(3): 339-346.
- Zhao, L.Y., M. Darr, X. Wang, R. Manuzon, M. Brugger, E. Imerman, G. Arnold, H. Keener, and A. J. Heber. 2007. Temporal variations in gas and odor emissions from a dairy manure storage pond. In Proc. of the Sixth International Dairy Housing. Eds. J. Zulovich, B. Holmes, J. Harner. St. Joseph Michigan: ASABE. 17 pages.
- Zhao, L. Y., X. Wang, M. Darr, R. Manuzon, M. Brugger, E. Imernan, and G. Arnold. 2007. Determining Annual Trend of H2S and Odor Levels at Dairy Manure Storage Ponds and Downwind Property Line for Effective and Economic Air Quality Management. Final project report to Ohio Dairy Research Fund Committee, the Ohio dairy Producer Association. Westerville, OH. 5 pages.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Six research projects related to air quality problems in livestock production conducted in 2006. Study 1 (result of the EPA consent decree with Buckeye Eggs Farms) evaluated effects of spraying alum chloride onto poultry manure for reduction of ammonia emissions and an electric space charging system (ESCS) for reduction of particulate emissions from poultry layer buildings. Due to challenges in long-term field maintenance and management of the mitigation systems, the alum spray and ESCS system did not achieve expected results. Aluminum Sulfate and Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3) spraying system reduced NH3 emission by 23% in average in a six month period. Higher reductions (33%- 40%) were achieved in short test periods. The ESCS reduced PM10 by 12-47%. The ESCS reduced TSP emissions by 18%. Two research reports written (Heber et al., 2006a,b). Study 2 is to quantified and characterized baseline air emission rates for NH3, PM, pathogens, and odor for twelve months using high
quality data collection methods at two representative egg laying facilities. The effects of belt removal of manure, manure composting, and wet scrubbing of exhaust air on air emission is to be quantified and shared with stakeholders. Equipments for the project have been purchased, assembled, and calibrated. Test protocols and quality assurance plans had been developed. Data collection started in January of 2007 and will continue till January of 2008. Study 3 investigated hydrogen sulfide and odor levels at dairy manure storage ponds and downwind property line for effective and economic air quality management. The study explored the effects of weather conditions and manure characteristics on gas and odor levels, and evaluate odor and gas management needs of dairy manure storage ponds. The project has finished and a report written (Zhao et al., 2006). Study 4 did a longitudinal evaluation of the effect of ventilation and environmental management of swine barns on salmonella prevalence
in finishing swine. The environment was monitored during the finishing phase in commercial swine finisher barns and the association between environmental parameters and Salmonella prevalence determined in 6 swine finishing barns. The growing swine environment was monitored for thermal (temperature and humidity) and air quality (dust and ammonia) and was longitudinally sample for Salmonella (using fecal culture). Series analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between thermal environment and Salmonella pen prevalence. A research report was written (Funk and Zhao, 2006). Study 5 developed an electrostatic precipitation system (ESP) to control PM emissions from poultry facilities. Currently, most existing PM control technologies are not suitable for the poultry industry due to the cost, operational challenge, and effectiveness concerns. A model simulation of the ESP technology application in treating poultry dust had been conducted and a prototype constructed. Study 6 is
investigating wireless mesh networks for improved air quality monitoring in production facilities for livestock and poultry. The study is still in a preliminary stage. A prototype wireless node has been designed and built.
Impacts
The measurement technology developed for ventilation and air quality monitoring will enable generation of massive amount and highly quality data for future comprehensive air quality studies and monitoring. Baseline air quality and emission information about Ohio animal facilities have helped to resolve the rising air quality issues and concerns. The data will also help regulatory agency to form proper regulation on air quality and air emission from animal feeding operations. Mitigation technologies and management practices evaluated and developed will help livestock industry to abate air emission and sustain environmental stewardship effectively while maintaining profitability and sustainability of the productions.
Publications
- Zhao, L., Lim, T., Heber, A., Sun, H., Diehl, C., Ni, J., Tao, P., and Hanni, S. 2006. 2006. Particulate matter emissions from an Ohio belt-battery layer barn. In proceeding of Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science. Pp. 1274-1285.
- Keener, H. M., and Zhao, L. 2006. Predicting NH3 emissions from manure N for livestock facilities and storages. A modified mass balance approach. In proceeding of Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science. Pp1287-1293.
- Heber, A., Ni, J., Hanni, S., Zhao, L., Keener, H. M., and Darr, M. J. 2006. Characterization and Abatement of Air Emissions from Egg Production. In proceeding of Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science. Pp. 678-681.
- Lu, M., Liang, F., Lamichhane, P., Imerman, E., and Zhao, L. 2006. Compositional identification of odor causing compounds in a dairy farm. In proceeding of Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science.
- Wang, X., Zhao, L., Wang, C., Heber, A., Lim, T., Ni, J., and Tao, P. 2006. Statistical modeling of ammonia emissions from poultry layer facilities. ASAE paper 064105. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE. 14 pages.
- Zhao, L., Wang, X., Darr, M. J., and Manuzon, R. 2006. Monitoring of ventilation rates of swine finishing barns using direct and indirect methods. 2006. ASAE paper 064083. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE. 11 pages.
- Funk, J., and Zhao, L. 2006. Longitudinal evaluation of the effect of ventilation and environmental management of swine barns on Salmonella prevalence in finishing swine. Final report to National Pork Board, 10 pages.
- Heber, A., Lim, T., Ni, J., Hanni, S., Diehl, C., Wang, C., and Zhao, L. 2006. 2006. Effects of Electrostatic Space Charge System on Particulate Matter Emissions from High Rise Layer Barn. Final report to Ohio Fresh Eggs, Croton, Ohio. 20 pages.
- Heber, A., Lim, T., Ni, J., Hanni, S., Diehl, C., Wang, C., and Zhao, L. 2006. Effects of Aluminum Sulfate and Aluminum Chloride Applications on Ammonia Emissions from High-Rise Layer Barn. Final report to Ohio Fresh Eggs, Croton, Ohio. 18 pages.
- Zhao, L., Brugger, M., Arnol, G., and Imerman, E. 2006. Gaseous emissions from Dairy Manure Storage Ponds and Effective and Economic Air Quality Management. Final report to Ohio Dairy Producer Association, 20 pages.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Three research projects in the area of agricultural air quality were ongoing in 2005. Development of a Prototype Wet Scrubber for Reduction of Dust and Ammonia Emissions from Poultry Buildings. A spray-type wet scrubber and a prototype has been designed, fabricated, and tested. Key operation and design parameters. Affecting wet scrubber performance have been identified and optimized through theoretical analysis and experiments. With the optimized scrubber design, ammonia can be removed 51 to 70% for gas input levels ranging from 100 to 10 ppm, respectively. There is potential that the removal efficiency can be optimized to 83%-93% for typical ammonia level of 20 ppm and 10 ppm in poultry buildings, respectively. The research results have been disseminated through various Extension activities. It has also been presented at the 2005 Ohio Agricultural Air Quality Research Symposium and the 2004 and 2005 annual meetings of the American Society of Agricultural and
Biological Engineers. Measurement and Control of Air Emissions from Laying Houses in Ohio. Baseline ammonia and particulate matter emissions from two typical types of Ohio layer house were measured using EPA approved mobile air quality monitoring method. The annual average ammonia emissions were 0.29 g/day-hen and 1.03 g/day-hen for new belt battery barn and the conventional HR layer barns, respectively. The mean TSP emission rates were 168 and 146 mg/d-hen from the BB and HR barns, respectively. The belt battery layer barn has a lower PM10 emission rate of 20 mg/day-bird in comparison with 32.5 mg/day-bird of the high-rise layer barns. Mitigation technologies for reduction of ammonia and particulate in poultry layer facilities are urgently needed. This project particularly is to evaluate effects of spraying alum chloride onto poultry manure for reduction of ammonia emissions and an electric space charging system for reduction of particulate emissions from poultry layer buildings. The
project is still on-going. Due to challenges in long-term field maintenance and management of the mitigation systems, preliminary results did not show promising effects yet. Characterization and abatement of ammonia, particulate, pathogen, and odor emissions from egg production facilities. This USDA NRI sponsored project is to quantify and characterize baseline and mitigated air emission rates for NH3, PM, pathogens, and odor for twelve months using high quality data collection methods at two representative egg laying facilities. The effects of belt removal of manure, manure composting, and wet scrubbing of exhaust air on air emission will be quantified and shared with stakeholders. Equipments for the project have been purchased and are assembled and calibrated now. Test protocols and quality assurance plan are being developed now. It is estimated that the test will start in February of 2006.
Impacts
The developed measurement technology for ventilation and air quality monitoring will enable generation of massive amount and highly distributed data for comprehensive air quality studies and monitoring. Generated baseline information will provide science based information on air quality at Ohio animal facilities, and help resolve the question of need for mitigation of emissions. The data will enable regulatory agency to form proper regulation on air quality and air emission from animal feeding operations. The exposure levels of Ohio farmer, neighbors, and livestock and poultry animals to air emissions from livestock and poultry operations were preliminary evaluated. Farms can effectively manage their facility according to the air quality knowledge to protect health of themselves and the animals. Mitigation technologies and management practices evaluated and developed will help livestock industry to abate air emission and sustain environmental stewardship effectively
while maintaining profitability and sustainability of the productions.
Publications
- Elenbass-Thomas, A.M., L.Y. Zhao, Y. Hyun, X. Wang, B. Anderson, G.L. Riskowski, M. Ellis, and A. J. Heber. 2005. Effects of room ozonation on air quality and pig performance. Trans. ASAE 48 (3)1167-1173. Search at http://asae.frymulti.com/newresults.asp.
- Wang, X., Y. Zhang, L.Y. Zhao, and L.L. Christianson. 2005. Numerical modeling of dust spatial distribution in a mechanically ventilated airspace. Trans. ASAE 48(2) 729-737. Search at http://asae.frymulti.com/newresults.asp
- Zhao, L. Y., J. N. Rausch, and M. Eastridge. 2005. The EPA Air Quality Compliance Agreement with Animal Feeding Operations (AFO), AEX-720. 3 pages.
- Zhao, L. Y. and H. Keener. 2005. Chapter 4-1 Odor and Dust Emission Control. Bulletin 604 Ohio Livestock Manure Management Guide, pages 4-1-1 to 4-1-7, OSU Extension. (in printing)
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Six representative Ohio animal farms were studied, including one swine finishing farm with deep manure pit, two free stall dairy farms, one swine farrowing farm with manure lagoon, one swine finishing farm with manure lagoon, and one poultry layer farm. A comprehensive air quality survey protocol was developed to assess air quality of animal farms. Air quality spatial distribution inside the animal buildings and outdoors along downwind direction were studied over cold, warm, and hot seasons. In addition, air quality at emission sources are being monitored continuously for a week in each season to study air quality and emission variation due to animal activity and time of the day. Statistical analysis was conducted to figure out effects of management practice, ventilation, weather conditions, facility type, and time of a day on air quality and emissions of animal farms. The preliminary air quality studies have shown that different animal farms have different challenges
to manage air emissions in different seasons. Management of ammonia and particulate emissions are major challenges for the poultry industry. Manure holding ponds of large dairy facilities present major air emission sources. Odor management is a critical issue for swine productions while gases and particulate emissions need to be managed as well. Air quality inside the animal building, especially mechanical ventilated buildings, presents health concerns in cold season. Air emissions disperse quickly after being emitted from the animal buildings and manure storage ponds. Mitigation needs vary with farm types, facility, and time of the year. Swine buildings have the highest level of odor compared with manure storage lagoon, poultry facility and dairy facility. A well operated swine lagoon contributes to minor odor emission. Mitigation technology is needed for indoor air quality control in cold season, especially for poultry buildings. Mitigation technology and best management are needed
to reduce impact of odor dispersion on neighbor communities in hot and windy days, especially during special manure handling events. A wet scrubber is being developed to control dust and ammonia emissions from poultry laying facilities. A mathematical model of the wet scrubber was developed based on the mass and momentum balances of the system. The sensitivity analysis of the derived theoretical models was conducted to determine which parameters had the most effect on scrubber performance. Optimum design of a wet scrubber for dust and ammonia emissions from poultry houses were determined by the models. According to the optimum design, a prototype wet scrubber is being fabricated after which its actual performance will be tested using simulated conditions. A particulate impaction curtain for reduction of dust emission from poultry layer houses has been evaluated since August of 2004. A preliminary study of the curtain performance showed that dust removal efficiency of the curtain
ranged from 33% to 49%. The mean Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) reduction efficiency was 60% in hot days when air speed was high.
Impacts
The developed measurement technology for ventilation and air quality monitoring will enable generation of massive amount and highly distributed data for comprehensive air quality studies and monitoring. Generated baseline information on air quality at Ohio animal facilities, which will help resolve the rising air quality issue based on scientific finding. The data will also regulatory agency to form proper regulation on air quality and air emission from animal feeding operations. The exposure levels of Ohio farmer, neighbors, and livestock and poultry animals to air emissions from livestock and poultry operations were preliminary evaluated. Farms can effectively manage their facility according to the air quality knowledge to protect health of themselves and the animals. Mitigation technologies evaluated and developed will help livestock industry to abate air emission and sustain environmental stewardship effectively while maintaining profitability and sustainability
of the productions.
Publications
- Zhao, L.Y., R. Manuzon1, M. Brugger , G. Arnold , and R. Bender. 2005. Air quality of swine wean-finish facilities with deep-pit and pull-plug-lagoon manure storage systems. In Proc. 7th International Livestock Environment Symposium, St. Joseph, Mich: ASAE.
- Zhao, L.Y., M. Brugger , R. Manuzon1, G. Arnold , and E. Imerman. 2005. Study of air quality spatial and temporal distribution on large dairy farms in Ohio. In Proc. 7th International Livestock Environment Symposium, St. Joseph, Mich: ASAE.
- Darr1, M.J., L. Zhao, M. R. Ehsani , J. K. Ward , and T. S. Stombaugh. 2005. Evaluation of controller area network data collection system in confined animal feeding operations. In Proc. 7th International Livestock Environment Symposium, St. Joseph, Mich: ASAE.
- Zhao, L. Y., M. Brugger, G. Arnold. 2004. Air quality spatial and temporal distribution on a representative laying hen poultry farm in Ohio. ASAE paper No. 044179. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
- Zhao, L.Y., A. Heber, T. Lim, and J. Q. Ni. 2004. Optimization of air sampling strategies for monitoring ammonia emissions from laying houses. ASAE paper No. 044180. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
- Manuzon D., L.Y. Zhao, and Y. Zhang. 2004. Wet scrubbing technologies for air emissions from animal feeding operations: a review. ASAE paper No. xxxxxx. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
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