Progress 09/15/03 to 08/14/06
Outputs
CDFIN investigators have examined the extent to which soy saponins interact with dietary and environmental factors to benefit human health, and the production of specific soy saponin metabolites (e.g. saponin I, sapogenol B) by gut bacteria has been identified as having greater activity for lowering cholesterol in a hamster model. Investigators have also completed experiments that will determine the effect of substituting soyfoods for animal products on vitamin B-6 status. Researchers have found that the activity of soy sphingolipids, a complex group of polar lipids implicated to inhibit carcinogenesis, can be modulated by genetics and processing techniques. Researchers have studied the effect of soy components on reducing cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women and have concluded that consumption of phytic acid, once considered to be an anti-nutrient, may be beneficial to specific populations for reducing CVD risk. Results of this study will provide basis
in the future for recommending appropriate diets or supplements to populations at risk for CVD. The potential for soy and contaminants of the food supply to disrupt reproductive hormone action has been examined. The current results suggest a possible relationship of genistein and estradiol production in the bovine ovarian follicle. The omega-3 fatty acid content of walleye fillets was increased when scientists manipulated the diets of fish by feeding non-marine lipids. Fish growth and fillet protein and fat content were not affected by differences in diet. PCBs, which are a concern in salmon fillets, were below detectable limits in the walleye fillets. Scientists evaluated the heritability of individual fatty acid composition in cattle and have identified genetic mutations associated with favorable fatty acid composition in beef, thereby providing markers of healthier beef. Researchers have used genetic engineering to design plants rich in provitamin A. At the heart of these studies
has been the development of a "state-of-the-art" technique to determine vitamin A bioavailability in these foods. . CDFIN studies have demonstrated that resveratrol aglycone is active in the cell cycle arrest of colon cancer cells and was effective in inhibiting early cancer lesions in carcinogen treated mice. Scientists have been successful in developing a food-grade phytase expression and delivery system to improve mineral bioavailability. Experiments to determine the potential of dietary modulators to improve intestinal health have been completed. Finally, investigators have determined the accessibility of rural elderly to fresh fruits, vegetables, high quality protein foods, and dietary supplements, examining the social and economic barriers to these important nutrients. They are formulating a public policy framework and conducting analyses to be used to better understand current food consumption patterns, their relationship to performance and health and the development and
evaluation of new policies and regulations which relate to changes in new technologies for foods.
Impacts
The ongoing research will develop strategies for improving the quality and health benefits of human diets. These strategies will benefit the growing health food industry by providing guidance for designing healthy foods. Furthermore, the public who choose to eat these products and improve their dietary selections will benefit through improved health.
Publications
- Wang, L., T. Wang, and W.R. Fehr. 2006. Effect of seed development stage on sphingolipid and phospholipid contents in soybean seeds, J. Agric. Food Chem. 54: 7812-7816.
- Wang, L., T. Wang, and W.R. Fehr. 2006. HPLC quantification of sphingolipids in soybeans with modified palmitate content, J. Agric. Food Chem. 54: 7422-7428.
- Wang W., P.C. VanAlstyne, K.A. Irons, S. Chen, J.W. Stewart, and D.F. Birt. 2004. Individual and Interactive Effect of Apigenin Analogues on G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Colon Carcinoma Cell lines. Nutrition and Cancer, 48:106-114.
- Zhang, S., T. Knight, J. Minick, R. Tait, Jr., A. Trenkle, D. Wilson, G. Rouse, D. Strohbehn, J. Reecy, and D. Beitz. 2005. Association of genetic variation to healthfulness of beef. A.S. Leaflet R2009. ISU Animal Industry Report.
- Lee SO, Simons AL, Murphy P, Hendrich S. (2005) Group B soyasaponins lowered plasma cholesterol and increased fecal bile acids in female Golden Syrian hamsters. Exp Biol Med 230: 472-478.
- Morton, L. W., M. J. Oakland, K. Greder, S. Garasky, P. Flakoll, and T. Li. 2004. Food in My Community: A Case Study of Floyd County. Iowa State University Extension Technical Report Number 1007.
- Morton, L. W., M. J. Oakland, K. Greder, S. Garasky, P. Flakoll, and T. Li. 2004. Food in My Community: A Case Study of Palo Alto County. Iowa State University Extension Technical Report Number 1006.
- Yan L., S.R. Rodermel, C. Sanderson, and W.S. White. 2003. The bioefficacy of β-carotene in lutein-free lut2 leaves is higher than in wild-type Arabidopsis leaves fed to gerbils (abstract). FASEB J 17:A696.
- Yan L. 2003. Bioefficacy of beta-carotene in lutein-free lut2 leaves compared with wild-type Arabidopsis leaves fed to gerbils. (Masters Thesis) Ames, IA: Iowa State University.
- Birt, D.F., W. Wang, N. Paiva, A. Au, C. Chung, L. Schmitt, and Y. Jiang. 2004. Cancer prevention by phytochemicals, modulation of cell cycle. In: Phytochemicals: Mechanisms of Action M.S. Meskin, W.R. Bidlack, A.J. Davies, D.S. Lewis; R.K. Randolph Eds. CRC Press, Washington, D.C., Pages 61-77.
- Brown, M.J., M.G. Ferruzzi, M.L Nguyen, D.A. Cooper, A.L. Eldridge, S.J. Schwartz, and W.S. White. 2004. Carotenoid bioavailability is higher from salads ingested with full-fat than with fat-reduced salad dressings as measured with electrochemical detection. Am J Clin Nutr 80:396-403.
- Chen, Y., M.S. Beattie, A. Henderson, C.M. Hansen. 2005. Substituting soy milk for cow's milk: Is there an effect on vitamin B-6 status? FASEB J. 19:A54.
- Guiterrez, E., T. Wang, and W. R. Fehr. 2004. Quantification of sphingolipids in soybeans, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 81: 737-742. Guiterrez, E. and T. Wang. 2004. Effect of processing on sphingolipid content in soybean products, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc 81: 971-977.
- Hu, J., Y.L. Zheng, W. Hyde, S. Hendrich, and P.A. Murphy. 2004. Human fecal metabolism of soyasaponin I. J. Agric. Food Chem 52:2689-2696.
- Hu, J., M.B. Reddy, S. Hendrich, and P. Murphy. 2004. Soyasaponin I and sapogenol B have limited Caco-2 intestinal cell absorption and bioavailability in women. J. Nutr. 134: 1867-1873.
- Jensen H.H., W.H. Meyers, W.S. White, and S.P. Batres-Marquez. 2004. Benefits and costs of Golden Maize in South Africa: An ex ante assessment method. International Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology Research (ICABR) 2004 Conference Papers. Epub http://www.economia.uniroma2.it/conferenze/icabr2004/papers/default.a sp
- Knight, T.J., J.A. Minick, R.G. Tait, Jr., G.H. Rouse, D.E. Wilson, D.R. Strohbehn, J.M. Reecy, A.E. Wertz, A.H. Trenkle, and D.C. Beitz. 2003. Redesigning beef cattle to have a more healthful fatty acid composition. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1)/J. Animal Sci. 81(Suppl. 1):87.
- Knight, T.J., J.A. Minick, R.G. Tait, Jr., A. Trenkle, D.E. Wilson, G.H. Rouse, J.M. Reecy, and D.C. Beitz. 2004. Designing beef to be a more heart-healthy food. FASEB J. 18:A143-A144.
- Knight, T.J., K.J. Stalder, D.C. Beitz, R.N. Goodwin, and S.M. Lonergan. 2004. Differences in triacylglycerol and phospholipid content of pork longissimus dorsi by breed, gender, and halothane genotype. Abstr. 28 of Midwest Section ASAS and Midwest Branch ADSA 2004 meeting.
- Knight, T., J. Minick, R. Tait, Jr., A. Trenkle, D. Wilson, G. Rouse, D. Strohbehn, J. Reecy, D. Beitz. 2004. Redesigning Beef Cattle to Have a More Healthful Fatty Acid Composition. 2004 Beef Research Report Summaries. A.S. 650 Leaflet R1882.
- Knight, T.J., K.J. Stalder, R.N. Goodwin, S.M. Lonergan, and D.C. Beitz. 2004. Influence of breed, gender, and halothane genotype of lipids of longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs. 2004 Beef Research Report Summaries. A.S. 650 Leaflet R1942.
- Lee SO. (2004) Effects of-conglycinin, soy isoflavones and group B soyasaponins on plasma lipid concentrations. PhD Dissertation. Iowa State University Library, Ames, IA 50011.
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
CDFIN investigators have examined the extent to which soy saponins interact with dietary and environmental factors to benefit human health, and the production of specific soy saponin metabolites (e.g. saponin I, sapogenol B) by gut bacteria has been identified as having greater activity for lowering cholesterol in a hamster model. Investigators have also initiated experiments that will determine the effect of substituting soyfoods for animal products on vitamin B-6 status. Researchers have found that the activity of soy sphingolipids, a complex group of polar lipids implicated to inhibit carcinogenesis, can be modulated by genetics and processing techniques. The potential for soy and contaminants of the food supply to disrupt reproductive hormone action has been examined. The current results suggest a possible relationship of genistein and estradiol production in the bovine ovarian follicle. Experiments are in progress to resolve this potential relationship. The
omega-3 fatty acid content of walleye fillets was increased when scientists manipulated the diets of fish by feeding non-marine lipids. Fish growth and fillet protein and fat content were not affected by differences in diet. PCBs, which are a concern in salmon fillets, were below detectable limits in the walleye fillets. The fillets with enhanced concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids do not have undesirable sensory attributes and were not more rancid after more than six months of freezer storage. Scientists evaluated the heritability of individual fatty acid composition in cattle and have identified genetic mutations associated with favorable fatty acid composition in beef, thereby providing markers of healthier beef. Researchers have used genetic engineering to design plants rich in provitamin A. At the heart of these studies has been the development of a state-of-the-art technique to determine vitamin A bioavailability in these foods. Sensitivity to resveratrol aglycone by genetic
mutations common in colon cancers will be determined to assess if these mutations are potentially preventable by dietary intake of genetically modified alfalfa containing resveratrol. CDFIN studies have demonstrated that resveratrol aglycone is active in the cell cycle arrest of colon cancer cells and was effective in inhibiting early cancer lesions in carcinogen treated mice. Scientists have been successful in developing a food-grade phytase expression and delivery system to improve mineral bioavailability. Experiments to determine the potential of dietary modulators to improve intestinal health have been initiated. Finally, investigators have determined the accessibility of rural elderly to fresh fruits, vegetables, high quality protein foods, and dietary supplements, examining the social and economic barriers to these important nutrients. They are formulating a public policy framework and conducting analyses to be used to better understand current food consumption patterns, their
relationship to performance and health and the development and evaluation of new policies and regulations which relate to changes in new technologies for foods.
Impacts
The ongoing research will develop strategies for improving the quality and health benefits of human diets. These strategies will benefit the growing health food industry by providing guidance for designing healthy foods. Furthermore, the public who choose to eat these products and improve their dietary selections will benefit through improved health.
Publications
- Morton, L. W., M. J. Oakland, K. Greder, S. Garasky, P. Flakoll, and T. Li. 2004. Food in My Community: A Case Study of Floyd County. Iowa State University Extension Technical Report Number 1007.
- Morton, L. W., M. J. Oakland, K. Greder, S. Garasky, P. Flakoll, and T. Li. 2004. Food in My Community: A Case Study of Palo Alto County. Iowa State University Extension Technical Report Number 1006.
- Guiterrez, E., T. Wang, and W. R. Fehr. 2004. Quantification of sphingolipids in soybeans, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 81: 737-742. Guiterrez, E. and T. Wang. 2004. Effect of processing on sphingolipid content in soybean products, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc 81: 971-977.
- Brown, M.J., M.G. Ferruzzi, M.L Nguyen, D.A. Cooper, A.L. Eldridge, S.J. Schwartz, and W.S. White. 2004. Carotenoid bioavailability is higher from salads ingested with full-fat than with fat-reduced salad dressings as measured with electrochemical detection. Am J Clin Nutr 80:396-403.
- Jensen H.H., W.H. Meyers, W.S. White, and S.P. Batres-Marquez. 2004. Benefits and costs of Golden Maize in South Africa: An ex ante assessment method. International Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology Research (ICABR) 2004 Conference Papers. Epub http://www.economia.uniroma2.it/conferenze/icabr2004/papers/default.a sp
- Yan L., S.R. Rodermel, C. Sanderson, and W.S. White. 2003. The bioefficacy of beta-carotene in lutein-free lut2 leaves is higher than in wild-type Arabidopsis leaves fed to gerbils (abstract). FASEB J 17:A696.
- Yan L. 2003. Bioefficacy of beta-carotene in lutein-free lut2 leaves compared with wild-type Arabidopsis leaves fed to gerbils. (Masters Thesis) Ames, IA: Iowa State University.
- Hu, J., Y.L. Zheng, W. Hyde, S. Hendrich, and P.A. Murphy. 2004. Human fecal metabolism of soyasaponin I. J. Agric. Food Chem 52:2689-2696.
- Hu, J., M.B. Reddy, S. Hendrich, and P. Murphy. 2004. Soyasaponin I and sapogenol B have limited Caco-2 intestinal cell absorption and bioavailability in women. J. Nutr. 134: 1867-1873.
- Wang W., P.C. VanAlstyne, K.A. Irons, S. Chen, J.W. Stewart, and D.F. Birt. 2004. Individual and Interactive Effect of Apigenin Analogues on G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Colon Carcinoma Cell lines. Nutrition and Cancer, 48:106-114.
- Knight, T., J. Minick, R. Tait, Jr., A. Trenkle, D. Wilson, G. Rouse, D. Strohbehn, J. Reecy, D. Beitz. 2004. Redesigning Beef Cattle to Have a More Healthful Fatty Acid Composition. 2004 Beef Research Report Summaries. A.S. 650 Leaflet R1882.
- Birt, D.F., W. Wang, N. Paiva, A. Au, C. Chung, L. Schmitt, and Y. Jiang. 2004. Cancer prevention by phytochemicals, modulation of cell cycle. In: Phytochemicals: Mechanisms of Action M.S. Meskin, W.R. Bidlack, A.J. Davies, D.S. Lewis; R.K. Randolph Eds. CRC Press, Washington, D.C., Pages 61-77.
- Knight, T.J., J.A. Minick, R.G. Tait, Jr., G.H. Rouse, D.E. Wilson, D.R. Strohbehn, J.M. Reecy, A.E. Wertz, A.H. Trenkle, and D.C. Beitz. 2003. Redesigning beef cattle to have a more healthful fatty acid composition. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1)/J. Animal Sci. 81(Suppl. 1):87.
- Knight, T.J., J.A. Minick, R.G. Tait, Jr., A. Trenkle, D.E. Wilson, G.H. Rouse, J.M. Reecy, and D.C. Beitz. 2004. Designing beef to be a more heart-healthy food. FASEB J. 18:A143-A144.
- Knight, T.J., K.J. Stalder, D.C. Beitz, R.N. Goodwin, and S.M. Lonergan. 2004. Differences in triacylglycerol and phospholipid content of pork longissimus dorsi by breed, gender, and halothane genotype. Abstr. 28 of Midwest Section ASAS and Midwest Branch ADSA 2004 meeting.
- Knight, T.J., K.J. Stalder, R.N. Goodwin, S.M. Lonergan, and D.C. Beitz. 2004. Influence of breed, gender, and halothane genotype of lipids of longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs. 2004 Beef Research Report Summaries. A.S. 650 Leaflet R1942.
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