Progress 03/05/98 to 09/30/04
Outputs
The Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana, an important pest of intensively managed loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, was first noted in the scientific literature in 1879. This pest gained notoriety with the establishment of loblolly pine monocultures throughout the southeastern United States during the 1950s. Current intensive forest management practices have led to increasing interest in managing this insect. Unit scientists reviewed all Nantucket pine tip moth literature (1879-2002) by addressing the following subjects: biology and life history, natural enemies, sampling methodologies, site and stand influences, economic impact, and management strategies. We provided management recommendations based upon the best available information. We predicted the phenology of R. frustrana populations throughout the Western Gulf region to provide optimal spray periods for locations that have 3 or 4 generations annually. The thermal requirements necessary to complete a
generation were used in conjunction with historical temperature data to model phenology throughout the region. Spray timing prediction values were periods based on 5-day increments for each location. There was a 57% agreement between the optimal spray periods and field-determined spray dates based on insecticide efficacy studies.
Impacts
Models of insect biology based on weather data help predict when pest populations need the attention of pest control specialists. These models will help pest control specialists determine the number and timing of spray treatments to optimize growth of young forest trees.
Publications
- Albers, M.A.; Seybold, S.J. 2002. Management of spruce beetle in Minnesota: Guidelines for professional land managers. 2002 August 7; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Forest Insect and Disease Newsletter; http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/fid/august02/feature.html.
- Asaro, C.; Fettig, C.J.; McCravy, K.W.; Nowak, J.T.; Berisford, C.W. 2003. The Nantucket pine tip moth: a literature review with management implication. J. Entomol. Sci. 38: 1-40.
- Coyle, D.R.; Nowak, J.T.; Fettig, C.J. 2002. Irrigation and fertilization effects on Nantucket pine tip moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) damage in an intensively managed pine plantation. J. Entomol. Sci. [In press].
- Fettig, C. J. 2002. Maximizing pine tip moth control: timing is everything. In C. W. Berisford and D. M. Grosman (eds), The Nantucket pine tip moth: Old problems, new research. Proceedings of an informal conference of the Entomological Society of America. 1999 December 12-16. Gen Tech. Rep. SRS-GTR-51. Asheville, NC: Southern Research Station, Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture; 20-25.
- Fettig, C.J.; Nowak, J.T.; Grosman, D.M.; Berisford, C.W. 2003. Nantucket pine tip moth phenology and timing of insecticide applications in the western Gulf region. Res. Paper SRS-RP-32. Asheville, NC: Southern Research Station, Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture; 13 p.
- Lewis, V.R.; Power, A.B.; Haverty, M.I. 2003. Surface and subsurface sensor performance in acoustically detecting western drywood termites in naturally infested boards. Forest Products Journal [In press].
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Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/02
Outputs
Antiaggregation pheromones may be used to manipulate bark beetle populations. Field tests of verbenone against the northern spruce engraver, Ips peturbatus, were conducted in south-central and interior Alaska in stands of Lutz spruce and white spruce. Addition of verbenone to the 3-component aggregation pheromone of I. perturbatus significantly reduced trap catches and is consistent with antiaggregation behavior of I. perturbatus. Slow-release devices were evaluated in California, Oregon, and Alaska. Release rates of verbenone from bubble caps were 15 times faster in California than in Alaska. Beads released MCH (3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one) quickly and were ineffective in less than two weeks. Release rates are used to develop models of semiochemical dispersion. There is elevated interest in reducing damage caused by the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana, to lobolly pine. Four insecticides were tested against four common parasitoids: There were no
differences in mortality between the control and indoxcarb. Permethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin caused significantly more initial mortality. Spinosad was initially less toxic, but increased until it was similar to the pyrethroids. These results will help reduce pest damage while conserving natural enemies. The effectiveness of optimal spray intervals based on mean daily temperatures was evaluated to control high density populations of the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana. Initial tree growth realized from control of the first generation R. frustrana was compared to that from conventional applications of one insecticide treatment for each of three generations. Whole tree damage of the control group averaged 47.0 percent as compared to 0.6 percent for the treated group. Volume gains averaged 16.9 percent, 46.4 percent and 98.6 percent for first generation control and 46.6 percent, 72.7 percent and 146.3 percent for conventional applications. Returns realized from a single,
first generation application are likely to increase with population density. Understanding the genetics of P. ramorum is critical to any management strategy. Based on sequences of an internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the closest relative of P. ramorum is P. lateralis; ITS sequences between the two differ by only 12 nucleotides. The use of genetic data allows development of species-specific diagnostic probes. Species boundaries of oaks are often equivocal. Black oaks of California include four species (California black oak, coast live oak, Shreve oak, and interior live oak), are known to hybridize and have complex patterns of genetic variation within each species. Diversity is greatest in interior live oak and Shreve oak and least in coast live oak. Species-specific genetic markers occur in California black oak and other members of the red oak group, but fixed genetic differences were not apparent among coast live oak, Shreve oak, and interior live oak. The relatively high genetic
similarity between coast live oak and Shreve oak may have implications for the management of sudden oak death.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Fettig, C.J. 2002. The use of historical temperature data and optimal spray schedules for controlling Nantucket pine tip moth infestations: An 'operational' validation. In: 46th annual meeting of the southern forest insect work xonference; 2002 July 29-August 1; Roanoke, VA.
- Fettig, C.J.; Berisford, C.W. 2002. Use of historical temperature data for timing of insecticide applications of the Nantucket pine tip moth (Lepidoptera: Torticidae): Evaluation of damage and volume increment efficacy. Journal of Agricultural and Forestry Entomology 4: 1-5.
- Garbelotto, M.; Rizzo, D.M.; Hayden, K.; Davidson, J.M.; Tjosvold, S. 2002. Phytophthora ramorum and sudden oak death in California: III. Pathogen genetics. In: Standiford, R.B.; McCreary, D.; Purcell, K.L., technical coordinators. Proceedings of the fifth symposium on oak woodlands: Oaks in California's changing landscape; 2001 October 22-25; San Diego, California. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-184. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; 765-774.
- Thistle, H.; Allwine, G.; Lamb, B.; Strand, T.; Peterson, H.; Holsten, E.; Shea, P. 2002. Near-field trunk space dispersion. Paper delivered to the annual international meeting, American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 2002 July 28-31; Chicago, IL; 14 p.
- Garbelotto, M.; Rizzo, D.M.; Marais.. 2002. Phytophthora ramorum and sudden oak death in California: IV. Preliminary studies on chemical control. In: Standiford, R.B.; McCreary, D.; Purcell, K.L., technical coordinators. Proceedings of the fifth symposium on oak woodlands: Oaks in California's changing landscape; 2001 October 22-25; San Diego, California. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-184. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; 811-818.
- Ivors, K.; Hayden, K.; Garbelotto M.; Rizzo, D.M. 2002. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of Phytophthora ramorum populations. In: Annual meeting of the Mycological Society of America; 2002 June 24-27; Corvallis, OR.
- Fettig, C.J.; Fidgen, J.G.; Salom, S.M.; McClelland, J. 2002. Sampling methods for forest and shade tree insects of North America. Morgantown, WV: Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team; 284 p.
- Fidgen, J.G.; Fettig, C.J.; Salom, S.M. 2001. New database of sampling methods for insect pests of trees in North America. In: Society of American Foresters, Working Group News for March 2001; Forest Pathology and Entomology Working Group.
- Nowak, J.T.; McCravy, K.W.; Fettig, C.J.; Berisford, C.W. 2001. Susceptibility of adult hymenopteran parasitoids of the Nantucket pine tip moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to broad-spectrum and biorational insecticides in a laboratory study. Journal of Economic Entomology 94(5): 1122-1129.
- Hastings, F.L.; Holsten, E.H.; Shea, P.J.; Werner, R.A. 2001. Carbaryl: A review of its use against bark beetles in coniferous forests of North America. Environmental Entomology 30: 803-810.
- Holsten, E.H.; Burnside, R.E.; Seybold, S.J. 2001. Verbenone interrupts the response to aggregation pheromones in the northern spruce engraver, Ips perturbatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in south-central and interior Alaska. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 98: 251-256.
- Holsten, E.H.; Webb, W.; Shea, P.J.; Werner, R.A. 2002. Release rates of methylcyclohexenone and verbenone from bubble cap and bead releasers under field conditions suitable for the management of bark beetles in California, Oregon, and Alaska. Res. Paper PNW-RP-544. Portland, OR: Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; 21 p.
- Strand, T.; Lamb, B.; Allwine, G.; Peterson, H.; Thistle, H.; Holsten, E.; Shea, P. 2002. Pheromone fate and transport in forest canopies. In: Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology; 2002 May 20-24; Norfolk, VA; 1.6-1.7.
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