Progress 10/06/04 to 10/06/09
Outputs
An investigation of the impact on the use of new wood preservative treatments has on fastener performance was completed. Several publications were prepared. This problem area was terminated as part of a reorganization of work units at the Forest Products Laboratory.
Impacts
This basic research has a significant impact on building codes in the United States. Both investigations will result in changes in the National Design Specifications.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
An investigation on the use of fracture mechanics to aid in the design of notched beams is progressing. An investigation of the impact on the use of new wood preservative treatments has on fastener performance has been funded and is progressing. Several publications have been prepared.
Impacts
This basic research has a significant impact on building codes in the United States. Both investigations will result in changes in the National Design Specifications.
Publications
- Rammer, Douglas R.; Line, Philip. 2006. Development of failure mechanisms for fasteners in the United States. In: Bender, Donald A.; Gromala, David S.; Rosowsky, David V., eds. WCTE 2006-9th world conference on timber engineering. 2006 August 6-10. Portland, OR. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University: Available on CD. www.wtce2006.com.
- Rammer, Douglas R.; Zelinka, Samuel L.; Line, Philip. 2006. Fastener corrosion: Testing, research, and design considerations. In: Bender, Donald A.; Gromala, David S.; Rosowsky, David V., eds. WCTE 2006-9th world conference on timber engineering. 2006 August 6-10. Portland, OR. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University: Available on CD. www.wtce2006.com
- Zelinka, S.L.; Rammer, D.R. 2006. Exposure test of fasteners in preservative-treated wood. In: Bender, Donald A.; Gromala, David S.; Rosowsky, David V., eds. WCTE 2006-9th world conference on timber engineering; 2006 August 6-10; Portland, OR. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University: 4 p. Available on CD.
- Ross, R.J.; Brashaw, B.K.; Erickson, J.R.; Grundahl, K.; Forsman, J.W. 2005. Engineered trusses from undervalued hardwoods. In: Ross, Robert J.; Erickson, John R., eds. Undervalued hardwoods for engineered materials and components. Madison, WI: Forest Products Society: 67-78. Chapter 6.
- Ross, R.J.; Wang, X.; Brashaw, B.K.; Forsman, J.W.; Erickson, J.R. 2005. Properties of red maple laminated veneer lumber. In: Ross, Robert J.; Erickson, John R., eds. Undervalued hardwoods for engineered materials and components. Madison, WI: Forest Products Society: 87-92. Chapter 8.
- Wacker, J.P.; Cesa, Ed. 2005. Hardwoods for timber bridges: A national program emphasis by the USDA Forest Service. In: Ross, Robert J.; Erickson, John R., eds. Undervalued hardwoods for engineered materials and components. Madison, WI: Forest Products Society: 115-134. Chapter 10.
- Zelinka, Samuel L.; Rammer, Douglas R. 2006. Corrosion avoidance with new wood preservatives. Wood Design Focus 16(2): 7-8.
- Zelinka, Samuel L.; Rammer, Douglas R. 2006. Electrochemical method for measuring corrosion of metals in wood. In: Bender, Donald A.; Gromala, David S.; Rosowsky, David V., eds. WCTE 2006-9th world conference on timber engineering. 2006 August 6-10. Portland, OR. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University: Available on CD. www.wtce2006.com.
- Ross, R.J.; Erickson, J.R. 2005. Undervalued hardwoods for engineered materials and components. In: Ross, Robert J.; Erickson, John R., eds. Madison, WI: Forest Products Society. 132 pp.
- Brashaw, B.K.; Ross, R. J. 2005. I-joist and headers. In: Ross, Robert J.; Erickson, John R., eds. Undervalued hardwoods for engineered materials and components. Madison, WI: Forest Products Society: 77-84. Chapter 7.
- Rammer, Douglas R. 2006. Wood construction codes issues in the United States. In: Proceedings, 2006 biohousing symposium, prospect and future of 'biohousing,' Biohousing Research Institute. 2006 May 22-24. Gwangju, Korea. Gwangju, Korea: Biohousing Research Institute: 39-49.
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
An investigation on the use of fracture mechanics to aid in the design of notched beams is progressing. An investigation of the impact on the use of new wood preservative treatments has on fastener performance has been initiated.
Impacts
This basic research has a significant impact on building codes in the United States. Both investigations will result in changes in the National Design Specifications.
Publications
- Wang, X.; Wacker, J.P.; Ross, R.J.; Brashaw, B.K.; Vatalaro, R. 2005. Nondestructive assessment of timber bridges using a vibration method. Proceedings of the 2005 structures congress; 2005 April 20-24; New York, NY. New York, NY: The Structural Engineering Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers: 14 p.
- Wang, X.; Wacker, J.P.; Ross, R.J.; Brashaw, B.K.; Vatalaro, R.; 2005. Development of flexural vibration inspection techniques to rapidly assess the structural health of timber bridge systems. Proceedings of the 14th international symposium on nondestructive testing of wood; 2005 May 2-4; Eberswalde, Germany. Aachen, Germany: Shaker Verlag: 110-121.
- Wang, Xiping; Wacker, James P.; Morison, Angus M.; Forsman, John W.; Erickson, John R.; Ross, Robert J. 2005. Nondestructive assessment of single-span timber bridges using a vibration method. Res. Pap. FPL-RP-627. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 15p.
- Rammer, Douglas R.; Zelinka, Samual L. 2004. Review of end grain nail withdrawal research. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-151. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 28 p.
- Zelinka, Samuel L.; Rammer, Douglas R. 2005. Review of test methods used to determine the corrosion rate of metals in contact with treated wood. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-156. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 23 p.
- Zelinka, Samuel L.; Rammer, Douglas R. 2005. Review of test methods used to determine the corrosion rate of metals in contact with treated wood. Frame Building News: 38-45.
- Ross, Robert J.; Wang, Xiping. 2005. Quincy Mine Blacksmith Shop. Condition assessment of timbers. Structure(September): 32-34.
- Ross, R.J.; Wang, X.; Brashaw, B.K. 2005. Detecting decay in wood components. In: Inspection and monitoring techniques for bridges and civil structures. Abington, Cambridge, England: Woodhead Publishing Limited and Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC: 100-114: Chapter 5.
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/29/04
Outputs
For international trade, heat sterilization of wood products is often required to prevent the spread of insects and pathogens. Application of heat sterilization requires estimates of the time necessary to heat the center of the wood configuration to the temperature required to kill the insect or other pest. Heat sterilization times were established for ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir boards and square timbers. In addition, the mechanisms responsible for the effect wet bulb depression has on heat sterilization was documented.
Impacts
A significant improvement in use of low valued hardwoods would be for structural components. Drying schedules are a critical link in use of these materials. Schedules were developed for low value hardwoods and a publication documenting these schedules has been produced. Several studies have been completed that examine the effectiveness of heat sterilization. Several publications were produced documenting the impact heat treatment schedules have on lumber quality.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03
Outputs
For international trade, heat sterilization of wood products is often required to prevent the spread of insects and pathogens. Application of heat sterilization requires estimates of the time necessary to heat the center of the wood configuration to the temperature required to kill the insect or other pest. Heat sterilization times were established for ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir boards and square timbers. In addition, the mechanisms responsible for the effect wet bulb depression has on heat sterilization was documented.
Impacts
A significant improvement in use of low valued hardwoods would be for structural components. Drying schedules are a critical link in use of these materials. Schedules were developed for low value hardwoods and a publication documenting these schedules has been produced. Several studies have been completed that examine the effectiveness of heat sterilization. Several publications were produced documenting the impact heat treatment schedules have on lumber quality.
Publications
- Wang, Xiping; Simpson, William T.; Brashaw, Brian K.; Ross, Robert J. 2002. Kiln drying maple for structural uses. In: Proceedings, 30th Hardwood Symposium; 2002 May 30-June 1; Fall Creek Falls, TN. Memphis, TN: National Hardwood Lumber Association: 63-68.
- Simpson, William T.; Wang, Xiping; Verrill, Steve. 2003. Heat sterilization time of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir boards and square timbers. Res. Pap. FPL-RP-607. Madison, WI, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 24 p.
- Simpson, William T. 2003. Mechanisms responsible for the effect of wet bulb depression on heat sterilization of slash pine lumber. Wood and Fiber Science 35(2): 175-186.
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Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/02
Outputs
For international trade, heat sterilization of wood products is often required to prevent the spread of insects and pathogens. Application of heat sterilization requires estimates of the time necessary to heat the center of the wood configuration to the temperature required to kill the insect or other pest. The nature of the heating medium was found to have a significant effect on heating time of slash pine lumber. The heating time increased exponentially with wet bulb depression. When the wet bulb temperature in the heating chamber was below the desired center temperature, heating times were extended far beyond the times when target center temperature was greater than the wet bulb temperature. This effect was less in air-dried lumber than in green lumber.
Impacts
Kiln schedules were developed for drying underutilized hardwoods to be used in structural applications. A publication documenting these schedules has been produced. Several studies have been completed that examine the effectiveness of heat sterilization. Several publications were produced documenting the developed heat treatment schedules.
Publications
- Wang, X.; Simspon, W.T.; Brashaw, B.K.; Ross, R.J. 2002. Kiln drying maple for structural uses. Proceedings of the 29-30th annual hardwood symposium, Current topic in the processing and utilization of hardwood lumber, 2002 May 20-June 1. Fall Creek Falls, Tennessee: 63-68.
- Liu, Jen Y.; Simpson, William T.; Verrill, Steve P. 2002. An inverse moisture diffusion algorithm for the determination of diffusion coefficient. Drying Technology: An International Journal 19(8): 1555-1569.
- Simpson, William T. 2002. Effect of wet bulb depression on heat sterilization time of slash pine lumber. Res. Pap. FPL-RP-604. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory: 6 p.
- Simpson, William T.; Hart, C. Arthur. 2001. Method for estimating air-drying times of lumber. Forest Products Journal 51(11/12): 56-63.
- Simpson, William T.; Wang, Xiping. 2001. Relationship between longitudinal stress wave transit time and moisture content of lumber during kiln-drying. Forest Products Journal 51(10): 51-54.
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