Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The major outputs of this project included activities involving the conducting and analyzing of laboratory experiments, for the dissemination of knowledge of a potential new treatment for bovine mastitis. As such the project's ultimate goals were to provide new products to help in the treatment of bovine mastitis. The result of this project was disseminated through a publication in the scientific literature available to other scientists and researchers in the field.
PARTICIPANTS: The project funding formed the basis of a graduate student's Master's thesis but also provided teaching opportunities for numerous undergraduate students during 199 research rotations in the lab. The project also helped to facilitate a collaborative research effort with a PharmD student from the University of California San Francisco. That same student is now currently a pharmacy resident within the School of Veterinary Medicine. A Master's degree student also used the information from this project in her successful thesis project, which also lead to an in-vivo safety trial.
TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audiences for this project were primarily researchers in similar fields of study, including bovine mastitis, food animal medicine, antimicrobial therapies, and pharmacy. Also numerous undergraduate and graduate students benefited from the project while successfully completing their degrees.
Impacts
The major impact of this project was acquiring additional knowledge of the potential application of a new approach to treat infectious disease in food animals. Currently no new antimicrobial drugs are being approved for use in food animals over concerns of the development of bacterial drug resistance. This project sought to change the conditions of mastitis treatment by modifying the drug formula of already approved antibiotics to enhance their antimicrobial activities. Ultimately the project outcomes sought to maintain high production and safety of food animal products while maintaining customer confidence and animal welfare. The results and approach of this project also lead to the completion of two Master's degrees, one of which involved an animal model safety trial.
Publications
- Reidmiller JS, Smith WL, Sawyer MM, Osburn BI, Stott JL, Cullor JS. Antimicrobial properties of the chelating agent EDTA on streptococcal bovine mastitis isolates. Journal of Food Protection Vol 69, No. 6, 2006 pgs 1460-1462
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Prior in vitro data suggested that EDTA treatments were found to show promise as antimicrobial therapy for mastitis [Reidmiller, J.S. 2006]. In continuation of research into the antimicrobial potential of EDTA, a pilot study was conducted in vivo to determine trends in efficacy and safety of EDTA as an antimicrobial therapy option in mastitis treatment. Twelve cows selected for the study had naturally occurring subclinical mastitis due to environmental mastitis organisms and were not challenged with any infectious agents. Cows received either a high or a low EDTA solution in one quarter and lactated ringers solution (negative control) in another quarter post milking. Cows were treated for 3 consecutive milkings, approximately 12 hours apart. Before, during and after treatment, samples were collected at pre-determined times to evaluate bacterial presence, quantity and somatic cell counts over time. Twenty-one days post initial treatment, the study was terminated. From
even the few quarters available with quantifiable concentrations of bacteria, it was evident that EDTA was capable of either directly or indirectly reducing the concentration of several Gram positive environmental mastitis pathogens in a transient manner while the lactated ringers did not seem to elicita similar responses in similar quarters. These responses were seen after treatment with both the high and the low concentrations of EDTA.
Impacts
Our recent in-vivo results continue to suggest that EDTA containing solutions may provide an effective antimicrobial against streptococcal isolates implicated in causing bovine mastitis. Solutions of EDTA may also have utility as a contact disinfectant (teat dip), or as an antibacterial wash solution to be used during the cleaning of milking equipment. All of these potential applications could decrease the incidence of mastitis, which is the most costly disease problem on the dairy farm. The use of EDTA as a mastitis treatment in place of traditional antibiotics may also decrease the potential for generating antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Publications
- Reidmiller JS, Smith WL, Sawyer MM, Osburn BI, Stott JL, Cullor JS. 2006 Antimicrobial properties of the chelating agent EDTA on streptococca lbovine mastitis isolates. Journal of Food Protection, Vol 69 (6) 1460-1462
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
To determine the efficacy of the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on microbial growth, separate cultures of two streptococcal bovine mastitis isolates, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis, were exposed to known concentrations of EDTA. Bacterial cultures of 10(8) CFU/ml were exposed to concentrations of EDTA ranging from 30 to 100 mM in an in vitro milk environment. Multiple replications of cultures exposed to EDTA were plated during a two-hour time course. A concentration of 100 mM EDTA resulted in a 90% reduction of S. agalactiae and a 99% reduction of S. uberis. Under these experimental conditions EDTA treatments in cultures of both isolates exhibited from 1 to 2 log reductions suggesting EDTA is a potentially effective antimicrobial against streptococcal isolates implicated in causing bovine mastitis.
Impacts
Our results suggest EDTA could be considered a potentially effective antimicrobial against streptococcal isolates implicated in causing bovine mastitis. It may also have utility as a contact disinfectant (teat dip), or as an antibacterial wash solution to be used during the cleaning of milking equipment. All of these potential applications could decrease the incidence of mastitis, which is the most costly disease problem on the dairy farm. The use of EDTA as a mastitis treatment in place of traditional antibiotics may also decrease the potential for generating antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Publications
- JEFFREY S. REIDMILLER, WAYNE L. SMITH, MARY M. SAWYER, BENNIE I. OSBURN, JEFFERY L. STOTT and JAMES S. CULLOR 2006 Antimicrobial Properties of the Chelating Agent EDTA on Streptococcal Bovine Mastitis Isolates In press: Journal of Food protection
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
To date, the efficacy of three antimicrobial metal ion chelators, 1,10 Phenanthroline, EDTA and EGTA on strains of streptococcus uberis and staphylococcus aureus have been investigated. The 1,10 Phenanthroline compound has demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity followed by EDTA and EGTA. However due to potential toxic side effects of the 1,10 Phenanthroline compound, EDTA and EGTA has been more closely analyzed as a possible treatment for bovine mastitis. Various doses of both EDTA and EGTA have been tested for antimicrobial activity at 30 minute time points up to 120 minutes in both broth and milk samples. In general the antimicrobial effect of EDTA in milk has been dose dependant up to a 100 mM concentration, with higher concentrations not significantly increasing the antimicrobial effect at the time points tested. The EGTA, has not demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects on streptococcus uberis and staphylococcus aureus at the doses thus far
investigated. However EGTA did demonstrate antimicrobial activity when tested with an E. coli bacteria isolate at the same concentrations, suggesting that this agent is more active against gram negative bacteria.
Impacts
Under the tested experimental conditions, EDTA treatments in cultures of both isolates exhibited from 1 to 2 log reductions. Theses results suggest EDTA could be considered a potentially effective antimicrobial against streptococcal isolates implicated in causing bovine mastitis.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
To determine the efficacy of the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on microbial growth, separate cultures of two streptococcal bovine mastitis isolates, Streptococcus agalactiae and S. uberis, were exposed to known concentrations of EDTA. Bacterial cultures were exposed to varying concentrations of EDTA in an in vitro milk environment. Multiple replications of cultures exposed to EDTA were plated during a two hour time course, with the highest concentration of EDTA tested resulting in a 90% reduction of S. agalactiae and a 99% reduction of S. uberis.
Impacts
Under the tested experimental conditions, EDTA treatments in cultures of both isolates exhibited from 1 to 2 log reductions. Theses results suggest EDTA could be considered a potentially effective antimicrobial against streptococcal isolates implicated in causing bovine mastitis.
Publications
- 2004 JEFFREY S. REIDMILLER, WAYNE L. SMITH, BENNIE I. OSBURN, JEFFERY L. STOTT and JAMES S. CULLOR. Antimicrobial Properties of the Chelating Agent EDTA on Streptococcal Bovine Mastitis Isolates, Journal of Food Protection, in prepartion
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Funding for this project started October 1, 2002. There has not been adequate time to perform the work prior to the request for an end-of-year progress report. Progress will be reported on the 2003 report
Impacts
This information will be supplied in the 2003 report.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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