Progress 07/01/03 to 06/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Improved pinkeye and cream southernpeas with bush plant-type were developed through the project. Information on the breeding lines and breeding project was conveyed to southernpea researchers and industry representatives at annual meetings of the National Cowpea Improvement Association and in the published Composite Report of the Regional Southernpea Cooperative Trial. Information was shared with southernpea growers at station field days and through on-farm and on-station visits. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Blair Buckley, Principal Investigator; Mr. Russell Anderson, Research Associate. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Pinkeye purple hull breeding line LA 96-74 and cream breeding line LA 96-4 are proposed for release as cultivars. Both are intended for fresh-market use and have a bush plant-type suitable for hand or machine harvest. Hand and machine harvested yield of LA 96-74 is comparable to yield of pinkeye bush plant-type cultivars Quickpick Pinkeye, Texas Pinkeye Purple Hull, and Top Pick Pinkeye. Yield of LA 96-4 is comparable to hand or machine harvested yield of cream bush plant-type cultivar Early Acre. Crosses were made between vining crowder southernpea cultivars and bush pinkeye and cream breeding lines in an effort to develop bush crowder cultivars. Crowder breeding lines selected from these crosses for bush plant-type are being evaluated for yield and other desirable traits. Bacterial blight, incited by Xanothomonas axonopodas pv. vignicola is a major disease of southernpea. Currently, there are no commercial southernpea cultivars resistant to the disease. Tests conducted in a greenhouse screened 640 Plant Introduction lines included in the core collection of the USDA cowpea germplasm collection for reaction to bacterial blight. Nearly one-third of the lines exhibited a hypersensitive resistant response to the pathogen. Some of these resistant PI lines were used as parental lines to incorporate resistance into breeding lines. Advanced breeding lines with resistance to bacterial blight are now being evaluated for yield potential in replicated trials. Root-knot nematode can result in serious yield loss in southernpea. The dominant Rk gene for resistance to root-knot nematode was incorporated into pinkeye, cream, and crowder bush-type breeding lines. Four pinkeye lines (LA 96-25, LA 96-74, LA 2-52, and Quickpick Pinkeye) produced satisfactory yields in magnesium deficient soils. The lines were used as parents in a study to determine the genetic control of tolerance to magnesium deficiency. Quickpick Pinkeye, developed by the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station for fresh-market, is widely grown throughout the southern U.S. for both hand and machine harvest. Demand for the cultivar remains strong with approximately 100,000 lbs of seed sold annually. LA 96-74 and LA 96-4 will provide growers additional new high-yielding bush pinkeye and cream southernpea cultivars for fresh-market. Development of southernpea cultivars with bacterial blight and root-knot nematode resistance will provide growers with economical control of these problems.
Publications
- Buckley, B. (ed.). 2008. Composite report of the regional southernpea cooperative trials-2008. 21p.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The southernpea breeding program emphasizes the development of disease resistant pinkeye purple hull, cream, and crowder cultivars with non-vining, bush plant-types that are suitable for hand or machine harvest at the mature-green stage for fresh market. Horticultural traits of particular interest include plant type and height, pod number and length, days to pod maturation, and synchronous pod maturation. Project outputs included making 32 crosses in a greenhouse for important traits. Two-hundred-sixty breeding lines were evaluated in a field trial for desirable horticultural characteristics. The lines included 160 pinkeye, and 34 crowder lines. Ten advanced pinkeye breeding lines and 3 crowder lines were evaluated in hand-harvested replicated trials. Four advanced pinkeye lines and one cream line were evaluated for fresh-market yield in a replicated machine-harvested trial. Seed of advanced pinkeye line LA96-74 was increased for consideration for release as a cultivar. Two
advanced pinkeye breeding lines and one advanced cream line were entered in the replicated trials of the Regional Southernpea Cooperative Trials and 3 pinkeye lines and 1 cream line were entered in the observational trials. The trials were conducted by southernpea collaborators at seven locations in five states. Breeding accomplishments and trial results were shared with fellow southernpea researchers and southerpea industry representatives at the annual meeting of the National Cowpea Improvement Association and in the published Composite Report of the Regional Southernpea Cooperative Trial. Growers were able to observe promising breeding lines on-station and discuss production problems through on-farm and on-station visits and telephone and electronic communication.
PARTICIPANTS: Individuals on the project were Dr. Blair Buckley, Principal Investigator, and Mr. Russell Anderson, Research Associate, involved in making crosses, planting, harvest, and data collection of research tests. Two student workers were employed in the summer to help plant, maintain, and harvest trials. Project collaborators in 2007 within the LSU AgCenter included Dr. James E. Boudreaux, Extension Vegetable Specialist; and Mr. Paul R. Vidrine, Dean Lee Research Station. Collaborators at other institutions included southernpea breeders and researchers Dr. Richard L. Fery, USDA-ARS, Charleston, SC; Dr. J. Creighton Miller, Jr., Texas A&M University; Dr. Teddy Morelock, University of Arkansas; Dr. Judy Thies, USDA-ARS Charleston, SC.
TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences included local, state, and regional commercial southernpea growers, as well as seed distributors and processors of southernpeas.
Impacts
Large rainfall amounts occurred after the southernpea plants reached the first true-leaf stage and leached magnesium from the sandy soil resulting in symptoms of severe magnesium deficiency in most tests conducted. Four pinkeye lines (LA 96-25, LA 96-74, LA 2-52, and Quickpick) were tolerant to low magnesium levels. These lines were used as parents in crosses designed to study the inheritance of tolerance to magnesium deficiency. Two-hundred-twenty breeding lines were advanced a generation for additional evaluation in 2008. Pinkeye lines LA 97-29 and LA 2-52 and cream lines LA 96-37 and LA 98-7 yielded well in regional observational trials and will be tested further in 2008. Pinkeye line LA 96-74 and cream line LA 96-4 compared well across locations and states to standard check cultivars for yield and sensory evaluations of canned samples. Both lines will be proposed for release as cultivars in 2008. These lines will provide growers additional cultivar options for
fresh-market southernpeas.
Publications
- Buckley, B. (ed.). 2007. Composite report of the regional southernpea cooperative trials-2007. 21p.
- Fery, R.L., Buckley, B., Marsh, D.B. 2007. WhipperSnapper, a dual-purpose southernpea for the production of both snaps and fresh-shell peas. HortScience 42:1297-1298.
- Walker, D.R., Nelson, R.L., Hartman, G.L., Miles, M.R., Schneider, R.W., Moore, S., Buckley, B., Weaver, D., Shipe, E., Mueller, J.D., and Boerma, H.R. 2007. Evaluations of soybean accessions for resistance to soybean rust in the United States. (Poster). 2007 International Annual Meetings of the ASA-CSSA-SSSA, 4-8 Nov., New Orleans, LA.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
The southernpea breeding program emphasizes the development of disease resistant pinkeye purple hull, cream, and crowder cultivars with non-vining, bush plant-types that are suitable for hand or machine harvest at the mature-green stage for fresh market. Horticultural traits of particular interest include plant type and height, pod number and length, days to pod maturation, and synchronous pod maturation. Two-hundred-sixty breeding lines were evaluated in a field trial for desirable horticultural characteristics. The lines included 153 pinkeye, 73 cream, and 34 crowder lines. Sixty-eight poor performing lines were discarded. The remaining lines were advanced for further testing. Six advanced pinkeye lines were evaluated for fresh-market yield in a replicated machine-harvested trial. Yield of line LA96-74 was significantly greater than that of standard checks Quickpick and TopPick Pinkeye. Seed of LA96-74 will be increased in 2007 and the line will be considered for
release as a cultivar. Three advanced pinkeye breeding lines were entered in the replicated trials of the Regional Southernpea Cooperative Trials and 3 pinkeye lines and 1 cream line were entered in the observational trials. The trials were conducted at seven locations in five states. Yield across locations of pinkeye replicated entry LA96-74 was greater than yield of pinkeye check Coronet and most other pinkeye entries. One-hundred-one pinkeye, cream, and crowder individual F2 plants were selected in the field from 77 F2 populations. These new lines will be evaluated for desirable horticultural characteristics and disease resistance in 2007. The southernpea breeding program continues to make progress towards developing cultivars for fresh market. The program has breeding material in all stages of development from F2 populations to elite lines being proposed for release as cultivars.
Impacts
Southernpea is a high-value fresh market vegetable crop with relatively low production costs. The main limitation to production of the crop for fresh market is the cost and availability of labor for harvest. Breeding efforts should continue to result in the release of fresh market pinkeye, cream, and crowder southernpea cultivars that can be harvested by machine.
Publications
- Buckley, B. and C. Cookson (eds.). 2006. Composite report of the regional southernpea cooperative trials-2006. 25p.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
The southernpea breeding program emphasizes the development of disease resistant pinkeye purple hull, cream, and crowder cultivars with non-vining, bush plant-types that are suitable for hand or machine harvest at the mature-green stage for fresh market. Horticultural traits of particular interest include plant type and height, pod number and length, days to pod maturation, and synchronous pod maturation. Two hundred thirty-eight pinkeye, cream, and crowder breeding lines were evaluated in breeding plots in the field. Advanced pinkeye and cream lines were evaluated for fresh market in replicated hand-harvested and machine-harvested trials. Yields of pinkeye lines LA95-17, LA96-10, LA96-30, and LA96-74 were comparable or superior to standard checks Quickpick, Early Scarlet, and Coronet. These advanced lines will be tested further. Three advanced pinkeye breeding lines were entered in the replicated trials of the Regional Southernpea Cooperative Trials and 2 cream lines
were entered in the observational trials. The trials were conducted at eight locations in six states. Yield of the three pinkeye replicated entries was comparable to or greater than the pinkeye check Coronet and most other pinkeye entries across all locations. Seed of the advanced cream line LA 96-4 was increased and the line will be proposed for release as a cultivar. Fifty-one pinkeye and cream plants were selected in the field from 44 F2 populations. F2 populations were created from F1 progeny of 46 pinkeye, 17 cream, and 6 crowder crosses. Selection for desirable horticultural characteristics will be made within these populations in 2006. Bacterial blight, incited by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vignicola, is a major disease of southernpea. Currently, there is no commercial pinkeye or cream cultivars resistant to the disease. A screening test conducted in a greenhouse identified 98 resistant plants from 6 F2 populations. The resistant lines will be evaluated in the field in 2006 for
resistance and for desirable horticultural traits. The southernpea breeding program continues to make progress towards developing cultivars for fresh market. The program has breeding material in all stages of development from F2 populations to elite lines being proposed for release as cultivars.
Impacts
Southernpea is a high-value fresh market vegetable crop with relatively low production costs. The main limitation to production of the crop for fresh market is the cost and availability of labor for harvest. Breeding efforts should continue to result in the release of fresh market pinkeye, cream, and crowder southernpea cultivars that can be harvested by machine.
Publications
- Buckley, B. and C. Cookson (eds.). 2005. Composite report of the regional southernpea cooperative trials-2005. 29p.
- Fery, R.L., B. Buckley, and D.B. Marsh. 2005. `WhipperSnapper', a dual-purpose southernpea for the production of both snaps and fresh-shell peas. HortScience 40:1018.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
The southernpea breeding program emphasizes the development of disease resistant pinkeye purple hull, cream, and crowder cultivars with non-vining, bush plant-types that are suitable for hand or machine harvest at the mature-green stage for fresh market. Horticultural traits of particular interest include plant type and height, pod number and length, days to pod maturation, and synchronous pod maturation. F2 populations were created from progeny of 14 cream crosses and 69 pinkeye crosses. Selection for desirable horticultural characteristics will be made within these populations in 2005. Bacterial blight, incited by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vignicola, is a major disease of southernpea. Currently, there is no commercial pinkeye or cream cultivars resistant to the disease. Resistance has been identified in numerous Plant Introduction lines and both dominant and recessive genes for resistance have been reported. An inheritance study is being conducted to determine the
nature of bacterial blight resistance in a group of 17 Plant Introduction lines. Eighty-two crosses for bacterial blight resistance were made between susceptible pinkeye lines and 17 bacterial blight-resistant Plant Introduction lines. Parental lines, F1, F2, and BC populations will be screened in a greenhouse for bacterial blight resistance. Efforts are underway to identify and incorporate herbicide resistance into southernpea cultivars. Forty-six pinkeye, 32 cream, and 2 crowder breeding lines were screened in field tests for tolerance to acifluorfen herbicide. Five pinkeye and 6 cream lines exhibited tolerance to the herbicide. Three advanced breeding lines were entered in the replicated trials of the Regional Southernpea Cooperative Trials and 4 lines were entered in the observational trials. The trials were conducted at nine locations in six states. Yield of three pinkeye observational entries was greater than other pinkeye entries across all locations. Seed of a cream replicated
entry will be increased for probable release as a cultivar.
Impacts
Southernpea is a high-value fresh market vegetable crop with relatively low production costs. The main limitation to production of the crop for fresh market is the cost and availability of labor for harvest. Breeding efforts should continue to result in the release of fresh market pinkeye,cream, and crowder southernpea cultivars that can be harvested by machine.
Publications
- Buckley, B. (ed.). 2004. Composite report of the regional southernpea cooperative trials-2004. 30p.
- Tucker, K.P. and J.B. Buckley. 2004. Southernpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) cultivar tolerance to selected post-emergent herbicides. Proceedings Louisiana Plant Protection Association, 2004. p. 42. (Abstr.).
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Evaluations for horticultural characteristics were conducted in a breeding nursery for 375 southernpea breeding lines. Characteristics evaluated included plant type and height, pod number and length, days to pod maturation, and synchronous pod maturation. Fourteen advanced pinkeye breeding lines and 10 advanced cream lines were evaluated for yield in replicated hand-harvested trials. Yield of most pinkeye lines was comparable to pinkeye cultivars Coronet, Quickpick, and Early Scarlet and ranged from 5200 to 9300 lb/A of fresh unshelled pods. LA 94-1 was the earliest maturing pinkeye line. Yield of most cream lines was comparable to cream cultivar Early Acre and ranged from 3800 to 6600 lb/A of fresh unshelled pods. Four elite pinkeye breeding lines and 5 elite cream lines were evaluated for yield in replicated machine-harvested trials. Yield of pinkeye lines ranged from 830 to 1100 lb/A of fresh shelled peas and was comparable to cultivars Quickpick and Early Scarlet.
Yield of cream lines ranged from 725 to 812 lb/A of fresh shelled peas and was comparable to cultivar Early Acre. Three advanced breeding lines were entered in the replicated trials of the Regional Southernpea Cooperative Trials, and 4 lines were entered in the observational trials. Results of these evaluations and tests may lead to the proposed release of a cream line as a cultivar in 2004 that will be suitable for hand or machine-harvest. Thirty-eight single plant selections consisting mainly of cream and crowder pea types were made from 27 new F2 populations. These selections will be evaluated as F3 lines in 2004. Tests conducted in a greenhouse screened 640 Plant Introduction lines included in the Vigna germplasm core collection of the U.S. plant germplasm repository for reaction to bacterial blight incited by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vignicola. Nearly one-third of the lines exhibited a hypersensitive resistant response to the pathogen. Lines identified as resistant can be
utilized by breeders to incorporate needed bacterial blight resistance into breeding lines and cultivars.
Impacts
Southernpea is a high-value fresh market vegetable crop with relatively low production costs. The main limitation to production of the crop for fresh market is the cost and availability of labor for harvest. Breeding efforts should continue to result in the release of fresh market pinkeye and cream southernpea cultivars that can be harvested by machine. The release of a cream southernpea cultivar with a bush plant-type that is adapted to both hand and machine-harvest is anticipated in 2004.
Publications
- Buckley, B. and Tucker, K. (eds.). 2003. Composite report of the regional southernpea cooperative trials-2003. 35p.
- Buckley, B. and Waters, J.C. 2003. Effect of seed treatment on emergence and yield of southernpea. Vegetable Research Summary 2002. LSU AgCenter Research Summary 146: 6-9.
- Buckley, B. and Waters, J.C. 2003. Breeding bacterial blight resistant cream southernpea lines. HortScience 38:1278. Abstract.
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