Source: CORNELL UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
RUSTICITY RECONSIDERED: NEW PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE RUSTIC FURNITURE INDUSTRY
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0195429
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2002
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2005
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
ITHACA,NY 14853
Performing Department
DESIGN & ENVIRON ANALYSIS
Non Technical Summary
The rustic furniture business is predicated on small-scaled, hand-crafted technologies. This disallows them from engaging in commercial or institutional contracts, limiting their employment potential. This project examines the effectiveness of using 3D imaging technologies with CAD/CAM to support a commercially-scaled rustic furniture enterprise for converting forestry wastes into value-added products.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
100%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
5110650208070%
5110650311030%
Goals / Objectives
General objectives for the research project are as follows: 1. Initiate new methods of adding value to waste forestry products by utilizing 'off-the-shelf' 3D digital technologies to optimize industrial production of rustic furniture components, 2. Utilize design (through a more contemporary form of rustic expression) as the engine to 'pull' technology towards a desired resolution, 3. Develop continuous linkages from 'art to part' where digital design decisions translate smoothly into physical components, 4. Create a range of sustainable furniture products derived from forestry waste materials for exhibition and publication. Specific objectives for the research project are as follows: 03/03: 1. Create initial prototype designs that include CNC parts. 2. Become fluent with form-Z 4.0T, a general-purpose solid and surface modeler with an extensive set of 2D/3D form manipulating and sculpting capabilities. This software is multi-platform and is optimized for Mac OS X. It is a 3D modeling software based on a constructive solid geometry architecture. It is widely used in architecture, interiors, and industrial design. This new release can accommodate point cloud data entry, making it the first generally available 3D modeling software to do so. This is the form of data that the 3D scanner creates. 3. Use form-Z 4.0T to model prototype designs. 3. Scan waste wood, create point cloud and import into form-ZT. 4. Use form-ZT to convert point cloud to surface model. 4. Intersect surface model with part model to optimize part design. 5. Publish and deliver research results (journals and conventions). 03/04: 1. Acquire and become fluent with Mastercam 9.1T, the CNC software required for equipment at Suny-Morrisville. Mastercam is an industry-leading CAD/CAM software used to create toolpaths to drive computer-controlled manufacturing equipment including milling machines, lathes, routers, and EDM cutters. For this project, a version of Mastercam would be used to drive Morrisville's 3-axis Thermwood gantry router. 2. Generate toolpaths for CNC production at Suny-Morrisville. 3. Execute standard CNC cutting operations at Suny-Morrisville. 4. Assemble new prototype. 5. Publish, display and/or deliver research results. 04/05: 1. Design new prototypes utilizing alternate CNC operations. 2. Execute alternative CNC operations such as turning, drilling. 3. Assemble new prototypes. 4. Publish, display and/or deliver research results
Project Methods
02/03 1. The initial prototype designs will be developed at Cornell University. 2. The form-Z 4.0 software is due for release in March 2003. In order to develop fluency with the software, the PI will enroll in a workshop to be conducted in New York City at the beginning of May. In addition, a tutorial course will be completed and a modeling exercise will be undertaken of one of the prototype designs during the summer of 2003 at Cornell University. 3. A variety of raw wood pieces will be scanned at high resolution with the Vitus 3D body scanner through the cooperation of Department of Textiles and Apparel at Cornell University in the spring of 2003. 4. The resulting point cloud from the scanning will be imported into form-ZT to create an intact surface model. This will require combining a number of scans of the piece at different angles to produce complete model. This will occur in the summer of 2003 at Cornell University. 5. Once the surface model of the wood piece is complete, the database can be manipulated by the various editing commands within form-ZT to simulate different cutting, drilling, and turning operations. This editing allows the operator to pre-visualize the results of those operations on the particular piece of wood. The operator can modify those actions so as to optimize the aesthetic effect and/or the physical properties of the part design. The results of this research will be submitted for publication by Autodessys, the parent company of form-ZT. 03/04: 1. A representative of the Wood Products Technology Program of Suny-Morrisville, as well as members of the Cornell research team will attend a Mastercam training workshop. This will occur some time during the spring of 2004. 2. A timetable will be set up for collaborative CNC production at Suny-Morrisville. Simple test pieces will be set up and run to de-bug the operations during the spring of 2004. 3. The first real components will be produced using simple planar CNC cutting operations at Suny-Morrisville during the spring and summer of 2004. 4. The CNC components will be combined with the other parts of the design to assemble new prototypes in the summer of 2004. 5. These designs will be documented and submitted for publication in acdemic design journals. The prototypes will be submitted for display at national conferences such as Neocon in Chicago or Interzum in Cologne, Germany. 04/05: 1. New software updates will be installed as required. Prototype design requiring more complicated machining CNC operations such as turning, ball-end milling, and drilling will be developed at Cornell University in the fall of 2004. 2. The acquisition of a Oneway lathe will allow for the production of large wooden cylindrical parts. 2. New, more complicated components will be produced using CNC machining operations such as milling, drilling and turning at Suny-Morrisville during the spring of 2005. 3. The CNC components will be combined with the other parts of the design to assemble new prototypes in the summer of 2005. 4. These new, more complicated designs will be documented and submitted for publication/exhibition as outlined above.

Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/05

Outputs
In 2005, more work was done to upgrade the DEA woodshop for the creation of a real world version of the competition cabinet design. This included the wiring and ducting of a 20 inch jointer, a LeBlond machining lathe, and a Bridgeport milling machine. A commercial partner was initially being sought for some aspects of the machining but instead, components were purchased to convert the Bridgeport mill into a CNC machine. This conversion will continue into the spring of 2006 and will finally allow for the in-house production of all of the components for the cabinet prototypes. Once the prototypes are completed, they can be used to generate market interest and business opportunities for upstate New York wood-based industries.

Impacts
The post-impact of this project could be significant. Prototypes developed will pioneer some new technological pathways for commercially scaled rustic furniture manufacturing facilities in New York State, using affordable software and hardware. Such enterprises would use forestry waste products such as stumps and crotches and exploit their unique formal qualities to create new value-added products while having a minimal impact on the existing craft-based enterprises now operating within the state. This is achieved by focusing on commercial and institutional markets instead of tourist and residential markets. This would allow for more employment opportunities without hurting existing businesses. In addition to the process, the product of this research lends itself to commercial production and, in concert with local manufacturers, could be produced to promote and perhaps stimulate the rustic furniture industry of New York. Finally, the development of these kind of designer-oriented production facilities at Cornell University puts this interior design program in a pioneering position in design education.

Publications

  • No publications reported this period


Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
In the previous year, a furniture competition was entered for new ideas regarding sustainable kitchen cabinet design. A naturally harvested basswood log was sectioned and barked to reveal a unique rippled surface. This log was 3D scanned and virtually sawn for the production of a modular system of kitchen cabinetry. The sawn components with the rippled surface were then included in a 3D formZ computer model of the cabinet system to form the cabinet faces. The submission materials for the competition were submitted at the end of November and were exhibited at the Riva1920 gallery in Cantu, Italy until March of 2004. A considerable effort was made in 2004 scaling up the DEA woodshop for the creation of a real world version of the competition cabinet design. This included the acquisition of a 20 inch jointer, a LeBlond machining lathe, and a Bridgeport milling machine. The CAD/CAM equipment of the engineered wood products program at SUNY Morrisville was deemed not completely suitable. A commercial partner is now being sought for some aspects of the machining that are not possible at Morrisville. In addition, a number of new rustic furniture prototypes were completed that are suitable for commercial production. These include an uplighter (Columena Rustica) and two tables (Tabla Prometheus and Tabla Crudo). I am researching venues for the display of this work, to bring it to a wider audience. I am also looking for Central New York businesses who could manufacture this work, to provide an outreach benefit.

Impacts
The impact of this project could be significant. It will pioneer some new technological pathways for commercially scaled rustic furniture manufacturing facilities in New York State, using affordable software and hardware. Such enterprises would use forestry waste products such as stumps and crotches and exploit their unique formal qualities to create new value-added products while having a minimal impact on the existing craft-based enterprises now operating within the state. This is achieved by focusing on commercial and institutional markets instead of tourist and residential markets. This would allow for more employment opportunities without hurting existing businesses. In addition to the process, the product of this research lends itself to commercial production and, in concert with local manufacturers, could be produced to promote and perhaps stimulate the rustic furniture industry of New York. Finally, the partnership with Morrisville State University and their Wood Products Technology program will add a new technological dimension to their program, benefiting students and staff alike.

Publications

  • Elliott, J. 2004. 'Tabla Cruda', rustic table prototype.
  • Elliott, J. 2004. 'Tabla Prometheus', rustic table prototype.
  • Elliott, J. 2004. 'Cambium' Kitchen Cabinet System. Part of 'Timber as Material' exhibition at the Riva1920 gallery, Cantu, Italy.
  • Elliott, J. 2004. 'Columena Rustica', rustic lighting prototype.


Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
This was the first year of pursuing this line of research. It is based on previous research I had conducted on the rustic furniture industry in the Adirondacks. After determining the feasibility of a commercially-scaled industry, I began looking at how new technologies could facilitate this development. In particular, I was interested in how new 3D scanning technologies could be combined with CNC machining to add value to forestry waste products in the manufacture of rustic furniture and furnishings. The idea is to use 'off-the-shelf' production technologies to create new business opportunities that would be suitable for small woodworking businesses. The program combines the use of the scanning and computing expertise and facilities of Cornell University with the CAD/CAM equipment of the engineered wood products program at Morrisville State University. The field component of the research began with a visit to the International Contract Furniture Fair in New York City in May, 2003. Here a number of wood furniture manufacturers were queried about their use of CNC production methods. The most forthcoming of these were Italian companies who invited me for site visits. In July, I made four such visits in Italy. All of the firms were using CNC technologies, including 5-axis machining, but none were using any 3D scanning technologies. If a new product was to be manufactured based on a prototype, the various pieces were hand-measured and the results manually entered into a CAD database. This is a very tedious, slow, and inaccurate method. All of the manufacturers were very interested in the possibilities of my research. To initiate the design research, a furniture competition was entered for new ideas regarding sustainable kitchen cabinet design. A naturally harvested basswood log was sectioned and barked to reveal a unique rippled surface. This log was 3D scanned and virtually 'sawn' for the production of a modular system of kitchen cabinetry. The 'sawn' components with the rippled surface were then included in a 3D formZ computer model of the cabinet system to form the cabinet faces. The submission materials for the competition were submitted at the end of November and are currently being exhibited at the Riva1920 gallery in Cantu, Italy.

Impacts
The impact of this project could be significant. It will pioneer some new technological pathways for commercially scaled rustic furniture manufacturing facilities in New York State, using affordable software and hardware. Such enterprises would use forestry waste products such as stumps and crotches and exploit their unique formal qualities to create new value-added products while having a minimal impact on the existing craft-based enterprises now operating within the state. This is achieved by focusing on commercial and institutional markets instead of tourist and residential markets. This would allow for more employment opportunities without hurting existing businesses. In addition to the process, the product of this research lends itself to commercial production and, in concert with local manufacturers, could be produced to promote and perhaps stimulate the rustic furniture industry of New York. Finally, the partnership with Morrisville State University and their Wood Products Technology program will add a new technological dimension to their program, benefiting students and staff alike.

Publications

  • Elliott, J. 2003. 'Cambium', Kitchen Cabinet System. Part of 'Timber as Material' exhibition at the Riva1920 gallery, Cantu, Italy.