Source: MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV submitted to NRP
MANAGING PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES IN MISSISSIPPI AGRICULTURE WITH EMPHASIS ON CROP RESISTANCE
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0195415
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2002
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2008
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV
(N/A)
MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762
Performing Department
ENTOMOLOGY & PLANT PATHOLOGY
Non Technical Summary
Selected agricultural crops will be examined for resistance to plant-parasitic nematodes. Once resistance is determined, how the plant wards off the nematode will be examined to help understand how resistance works. Various cropping practices will be examined to determine the best use of a resistant variety and to prevent nematode populations from breaking resistance.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
50%
Applied
50%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2121450112020%
2121710112050%
2121820112030%
Knowledge Area
212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
1450 - Sweet potato; 1820 - Soybean; 1710 - Upland cotton;

Field Of Science
1120 - Nematology;
Goals / Objectives
1. Examine and characterize new sources of resistance genes in cotton, selected vegetables, and soybean to plant-parasitic nematodes. 2. Integrate resistant cultivars and other biotactics into sustainable cropping system ensuring the durability of the resistance.
Project Methods
1. Host genotypes will be inoculated with specific nematode population densities and evaluated for host suitability and host sensitivity. Nematode population development and plant growth characteristics will be recorded. 2. Advanced breeding lines and crosses will be examined for resistance under controlled greenhouse and environmental conditions to quantify the degree of resistance possessed. Breeding lines inoculated with specific levels of nematodes will be examined at selected intervals to evaluate the nature of resistance. 3. Specific cropping systems, rotation practices and other management practices will be evaluated using resistant and susceptible cultivars. Nematode population development and host plant yield responses will be determined.

Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Corn: Root- knot nematode- Thirty-three hybrids were rated for resistance. All hybrids were considered susceptible to the southern root-knot nematode based on reproduction factors. Rf values ranged from RF=1.8 9 ( TV 26BR61, SS 842 RR2/YGCB, PIONEER 31P42),to 21.06 (DG 58P59). Soybean: Root-knot nematode - Eighty eight varieties were screened for resistance to the root-knot nematode. Twenty-six varieties were found to be resistant to this population of the root-knot nematode. Fifty-three varieties were considered moderately susceptible to the root-knot nematode. Nine varieties were determined susceptible to the root-knot population we used in this study. Reniform nematode - Eighty varieties were screened for resistance to the reniform nematode None of the varieties we screened were considered resistant to the reniform nematode. Eleven varieties were determined to be moderately susceptible to the reniform nematode. Thirty-two varieties were determined susceptible to the reniform nematode and Thirty-seven varieties were highly susceptible to our Mississippi reniform nematode which was used in this study. Cotton: Remote sensing technology has been proven as a field worthy means for predicting reniform nematode population densities in the cotton rhizosphere using hyperspectral reflectance data and self-organized maps. Our objectives were to determine 1) the hyperspectral reflectance of cotton plants affected by different reniform nematode population levels in controlled microplot tests and in fields naturally infested with the reniform nematode, 2) to determine spatial distribution of the nematodes in the field and establish zones for variable rate nematicide applications, and 3) to determine the cotton yield improvements utilizing variable rate nematicide applications. Hyperspectral reflectance data was collected from reniform infected cotton plants growing in controlled microplots and from naturally infested field locations. Hyperspectral signatures have been identified which correspond to reniform nematode colonization and level of infection of cotton plants. These signatures and reniform populations were classified using a supervised artificial neural network Self Organized Map architecyure. Nematode contour maps were developed to demonstrate the spatial distribution of the nematode and to establish zones of differing nematicide rate. Cotton yield results were higher in the site-specific application treatments compared with the conventional single rate applications. The combination of hyperspectral reflectance and VRT applications of nematicides will provide our producers with a rapid nematode prediction method and reduce nematicide applications to specific infield sites. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
Impact: Corn and soybean variety screenings for their reaction to the reniform and root-knot nematodes provides up-to-date and current information on nematode resistance to new varieties that are introduced and released. This provides much needed information to the seed companies, plant breeders and our producers on host plant resistance. It allows our producers the ability to choose a variety that will provide maximum yields in their farming situation.

Publications

  • Lawrence, K.S., A. J. Price, G. W. Lawrence, Jones, J.R., and R. Akridge. 2008. Several common weeds support reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) reproduction in cotton-corn rotations. Nematropica 38: (13-22).
  • Lawrence, G.W., J. Caceres, and K.S. Lawrence. 2008. Effect of Temik 15 G, Gaucho Grande, and EXP 3 experimental seed treatment on reniform nematode management in cotton in Mississippi, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports, Vol. 2:STQ27.
  • Lawrence, G.W., J. Caceres, and K.S. Lawrence. 2008. Effect of Temik 15 G and Vydate C-LV as a foliar spray for reniform nematode management in cotton in Mississippi, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports, Vol. 2:N019.
  • Lawrence, G.W., J. Caceres, and K.S. Lawrence. 2008. Effect of Temik 15 G, Avicta Complete Pak and the experimental nematicide KC 791230 on reniform nematode management in cotton in Mississippi, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports, Vol. 2:ST026.
  • Lawrence, G.W., J. Caceres. and K.S. Lawrence. 2008. Effect of Temik 15 G, Avicta Complete Pak and Vydate C-LV as a foliar spray for reniform nematode management in cotton in Mississippi, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports, Vol. 2:ST025.
  • Lawrence, G.W., J. Caceres, and K.S. Lawrence. 2008. Effect of Telone 11, Temik 15 G and Avicta Complete Pak on reniform nematode management in cotton in Mississippi, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports, Vol. 2:ST024.
  • Lawrence, G.W., J. Caceres, E.J. Larson, and K.S. Lawrence. 2008, Effect of nematicide treatments for root-knot nematode management on corn in Mississippi, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports, Vol. 2:N018.
  • Lawrence, G.W., J. Caceres, E.J. Larson, and K.S. Lawrence, 2008. Effect of nematicide treatments for root-knot nematode management on corn in Mississippi, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports, Vol. 2:N017.
  • Lawrence, K.S., C. Bumester, G.W. Lawrence, and C. Norris. 2008. Evaluation of Avicta, Aeris, Temik and Vydate for reniform nematode management in cotton in north Alabama, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports, Vol. 2:ST035.
  • Lawrence, K.S., G.W. Lawrence, and J.R. Akridge. 2008. Efficacy of Aeris on root-knot nematode management on corn in Alabama, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports, Vol. 2:ST028.
  • Lawrence, K.S., G.W. Lawrence, and J.R. Akridge. 2008. Effect of nematicide treatments for rootknot nematode management on corn in Alabama, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports, Vol. 2:N023.
  • Lawrence, K.S., G.W. Lawrence, and S. Nightengale. 2008. Experimental corn seed treatments for root-knot nematode management on corn in central Alabama, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports, Vol. 2:N021.
  • Lawrence, K.S., S.R. Moore, G.W. Lawrence, and J.R. Akridge. 2008. Efficacy of Aeris with biological GB 126 for reniform nematode management in cotton in south Alabama, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports, Vol. 2:ST02d.
  • Lawrence, K.S., S.R. Moore, G.W. Lawrence, and J.R. Akridge. 2008. Cotton cultivar response to Telone II for reniform nematode management in cotton in south Alabama, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports, Vol. 2:N025.
  • Lawrence, K.S., G.W. Lawrence, and S. Nightengale. 2008. Avicta seed treatment for root-knot nematode management on corn in central Alabama, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports, Vol, 2:N022.
  • Lawrence, K.S. and G.W. Lawrence. 2008. Nematode Disease Interactions. Section 1, In Nematodes 101, A Nematology Training Aid. Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. Greensboro, North Carolina.
  • Lawrence, G.W. and K.S. Lawrence. 2008. Nematodes and control strategies. Section 4 In Nematodes 101, A nematology Training Aid. Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. Greensboro, North Carolina.
  • Lawrence, G.W., K.S. Lawrence, J.Caceres, G.R. Ellis and T.P. Wilman. 2008 Nematode Management Investigatios in Mississippi,2004 MAFES Bulletin, Vol B-1166
  • K.S. Lawrence, G.W. Lawrence, E.vanSanten, A.Winstead, S.Morwood, C.Burmester, and C.Overstreet. 2008. Relationships between soil electrical conductivity and NDVI for site-specific Rotylenchulus reniformis nematode evaluations and yield potential in cotton. 5th International Congress of Nematology 13-18-July 2008, Brisbane, Australia
  • G.W. Lawrence, R.L. King, S. Samson, K.S. Lawrence, C. Overstreet, S.H. Norwood, A.T. Winstead, J.Caceres, and M. Wolcott. 2008. Use of Remote Sensing for Estimating In-field Reniform Nematode Numbers in Mississippi, Alabama and Louisiana. 5th International Congress of Nematology 13-18-July 2008, Brisbane, Australia
  • G.W. Lawrence, R.A. Doshi, R. L. King, K.S. Lawrence, and J. Caceres. 2008 Nematode Management using Remote Sensing Technology, Self-Organized Maps and Variable Rate Nematicide Applications. In, Proceedings World Cotton Research Conference-4-Advances in Nematode Management in Cotton 2. Lubbock, TX, September 10-14, 2007, World Research Conference, USA, Paper 1787.
  • G.W. Lawrence, R.L. King, R. Doshi, K.S. Lawrence, C. Overstreet, S.H. Norwood, A.T. Winstead, J.Caceres and M. Wollcot. 2008. Combination of Hyper spectral Reflectance, Soil Electrical Conductivity and Real Time NDVI for Estimating In field Reniform Nematode Numbers. Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference, Vol. 1, National Cotton Council, Memphis TN. online: www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings.


Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/08

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Corn: Root-knot nematode - The sixty-six corn hybrids were rated for resistance. All hybrids were considered susceptible based on the reproduction factors. Reproductive factor values ranged from Rf=1.04 (DKV 63-42) to 29.46 (7505VT3). Peanut: Locations sampled were positive for the peanut root-knot nematode. Ribosomal DNA has been amplified and sequenced. ActiveState Perl programs have been written to identify potential primer binding sites. Primer specificity was successful in banding of the peanut root-knot nematode with no banding of the other nematode species. A four year planned crop rotation scheme including cotton, corn, peanut and soybean with a winter wheat cover crop were established. Soybean: Twenty soybean varieties were screened for resistance to the southern root-knot nematode. Fourteen of these varieties were resistant Six varieties were moderately susceptible.Reproductive factor values ranged from Rf=0.3 (USG 5002T) to 4.28(DG31J39). Reniform nematode: One hundred and twenty varieties were screened for resistance. Ten varieties were considered resistant, thirty-two varieties were moderately susceptible, seventeen varieties susceptible and sixty-one varieties were highly susceptible. Reproductive factor values ranged from Rf=0.17 (AG 4705) to 107.3 (HBK 4527). Cotton: Remote sensing technology has been proven as a field worthy means for predicting reniform nematode population densities in the cotton rhizosphere using hyperspectral reflectance data and self-organized maps. Our objectives were to determine 1) the hyperspectral reflectance of cotton plants affected by different reniform nematode population levels in controlled microplot tests and in fields naturally infested with the reniform nematode, 2) to determine spatial distribution of the nematodes in the field and establish zones for variable rate nematicide applications, and 3) to determine the cotton yield improvements utilizing variable rate nematicide applications. Hyperspectral reflectance data was collected from reniform infected cotton plants growing in controlled microplots and from naturally infested field locations. Hyperspectral signatures have been identified which correspond to reniform nematode colonization and level of infection of cotton plants. These signatures and reniform populations were classified using supervised artificial neural network Self Organized Map architecture. Nematode contour maps were developed to demonstrate the spatial distribution of the nematode and to establish zones of differing nematicide rate. Cotton yield results were higher in the site-specific application treatments compared with the conventional single rate applications. The combination of hyperspectral reflectance and VRT applications of nematicides will provide our producers with a rapid nematode prediction method and reduce nematicide applications to specific infield sites. PARTICIPANTS: Gary W. Lawrence is the principal investigator on this project. He is an Associate Professor of Nematology in the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology at Mississippi State University. One Graduate Assistant is currently Mr. Kurt Showmaker, a M.S. student that is receiving training from this project TARGET AUDIENCES: Agricultural Chemical Companies, Seed Companies, State Extension Service, Mississippi Crop Consultants, Agricultural Producers PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
Impact: Corn and soybean variety screenings for their reaction to the reniform and root-knot nematodes provides up-to-date and current information on nematode resistance of new varieties that are introduced and released. These provide much needed information to the seed companies, plant breeders and our producers on host plant resistance. It allows our producer the ability to choose a variety that will provide maximum yields in their farming situation. Results of crop rotations will determine the alternate planting of host and non-host crops to manage specific nematode species in a field. Hyperspectral reflectance will provide a reliable and economic means to determine nematode numbers in a production field. These data can be immediately used to only apply nematicides to problem areas of the field and at rates necessary to manage the pest population.

Publications

  • Lawrence, K. S., S. R. Moore, J. C. Castillo, N. Sekora, G. W. Lawrence, and J. R. Akridge. 2009. Evaluation of Aeris seed treatment and granular nematicides for reniform nematode management in south Alabama, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:FC081. DOI:10.1FC081/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., S. R. Moore, J. C. Castillo, N. Sekora, G. W. Lawrence, and J. R. Akridge. 2009. Evaluation of experimental biological nematicide seed treatments for reniform nematode management in cotton in south Alabama, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:FC083. DOI:10.1FC083PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., G. W. Lawrence, and S. Nightingale. 2009. Efficacy of experimental seed treatments on root-knot nematode in corn in central Alabama, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:N009. DOI:10.1N009PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., G. W. Lawrence, and R. J. Akridge. 2009. Efficacy of experimental seed treatments on root-knot nematode management on corn in Alabama, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:N010. DOI:10.1N010PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., G. W. Lawrence, and S. Nightingale. 2009. Efficacy of experimental seed treatments on root-knot nematode in corn in central Alabama, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:N011. DOI:10.1N011PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., G. W. Lawrence, and R. J. Akridge. 2009. Efficacy of Counter on root-knot nematode on corn in Alabama, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:N013. DOI:10.1N013PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., G. W. Lawrence, and R. J. Akridge. 2009. Efficacy of Counter, Cruiser, and AVICTA on root-knot nematode on corn in Alabama, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:N014. DOI:10.1N014PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, G.W. K.S. Lawrence, J. Caceres, G.R. Ellis, T.P. Wilemon. 2009. Nematode management investigations in Mississippi, 2005. Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Bulletin 1172.
  • Lawrence, G.W. K.S. Lawrence, J. Caceres, G.R. Ellis, T.P. Wilemon. 2009. Nematode management investigations in Mississippi, 2006. Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Bulletin 1173.
  • G. W. Lawrence, K. S. Lawrence, E. van Santen, A. Winstead, S. Norwood, C. Burmester, R. King, and C. Overstreet. 2009. Use of hyperspectral imagery and soil electrical conductivity for site specific reniform nematode (R. reniformis) evaluations and management. Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference, Vol. 1, National Cotton Council, Memphis TN. online: www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings.
  • Doshi, R. A., R.L. King,and G.W. Lawrence. 2009. Classification of Rotylenchulus reniformis numbers in cotton using remotely sensed hyperspectral data on self-organized maps. Journal of Nematology (accepted)
  • Lawrence, G. W., K. S. Lawrence, E. van Santen, A. Winstead, S.Norwood, and C. Burmester. 2009. Use of NDVI and soil electrical conductivity for site-specific reniform nematode evaluations. 6th International Integrated Pest Management Symposium: Vol. 6: 86-87. Portland, OR. http://www.ipmcenters.org/ipmsymposium09/Final_Poster_Abstracts.pdf.
  • Lawrence, K. S. and G. W. Lawrence. 2009. Chapter 14: Pest Management: Nematodes.In Conservation Tillage Systems: Production, Profitability and Stewardship. eds Bergtold, J. , Raper, R. , Hawkins, G., and Iversen, K. CRC Press LLC. (in review).
  • Lawrence, K.S. and G.W. Lawrence. 2009. Meloidogyne incognita potential yield reduction and management options in corn in the deep South. Phytopathology. (in press).
  • Lawrence, K. S., S. R. Moore, G. W. Lawrence, C. H. Burmester, and C. Norris. 2009. Evaluation of seed treatment combinations with seed quality for seedling disease management in cotton in north Alabama, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:ST012. DOI:10.1ST012/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., S. R. Moore, J. C. Castillo, N. Sekora, G. W. Lawrence, and J. R. Akridge. 2009. Evaluation of cotton seed treatment and granular nematicides for reniform nematode management in south Alabama, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:ST015. DOI:10.1ST015/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., S. R. Moore, G. W. Lawrence, and J. R. Akridge. 2009. Evaluation of Avicta seed treatments for reniform management in soybean in Alabama, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:ST018. DOI:10.1ST018/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., E. J. Sikora, D. P. Delaney, G. W. Lawrence, and M. Pegues. 2009. Evaluation of foliar fungicides for soybean rust management and yield in Alabama, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:FC029. DOI:10.FC029/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.


Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Soybean:Root-knot - One hundred ninety nine soybean varieties were screened in the greenhouse for their host reaction to a host race 3 of a root-knot population isolated from cotton in Tallahatchie, Mississippi. Eighteen percent of the varieties screened received a resistance rating. Progeny 4401 RR, DG 32R46, AgVenture 46J5, AG 4103, AG 4403, DG 4660 RR, DP 4546 RR, DP 4331 RR, DPX 4112 RR/S, USG 74T35, USG 7466nRR, Excel 8448NRR, Croplan Genetics 4655 RR, Vigoro V47N6 RR, FFR 4955 RR, Public (MO) S03-058 RR, and AG 3906 were a few of the varieties that had a reproductive index of less than 1.0 and are considered resistant to our population of the root-knot nematode. Eighty-four varieties were considered moderately susceptible to the root-knot nematode. Twenty-two varieties were susceptible and twenty-three varieties were considered highly susceptible to the root-knot populations we used in this study. We also had no rating for eighteen varieties which will be repeated in another test. Cotton: Multitemporal spectral classification of the root-knot and reniform nematode using self-organized maps. Hyperspectral reflectance from cotton plants infected with the reniform nematode were correlated to known reniform population levels infesting the plant in a controlled and field environment. To analyze the hyperspectral data, artificial neural networks (ANNs) utilizing self-organized maps (SOMs) are used. SOMs use pattern recognition to identify similar features. Application of SOMs using a specific MATLAB based hyperspectral toolkit (MHTK) is the analysis function of interest. Plant canopy with soil, single leaf, and plant canopy spectral measurements and corresponding reniform nematode population levels were analyzed using the MHTK with SOMs. In our analysis we used two batches of SOMs for each target. The first batch concentrated on wavelengths 451-949 (visible and NIR regions of the EMS). The second batch ran with not only wavelengths 451-949 but also 1001-1339 (NIR and SWIR). For all three targets, our classification accuracies were highest in batch one analysis. Single leaf had a classification accuracy of 94.7%, plant canopy, 100%, and plant canopy with soil 100%. Sixteen wavebands have been identified on the spectral curves for all three targets specific to the reniform nematode population levels. Thus far from our results indicates that hyperspectral data can be used to provide pertinent information relative to nematode presence on cotton. We determine that a smaller sample grid provides the most precise pest distribution patterns. As the grid size increased to sampling size currently used in other precision agriculture applications, such as soil fertility, applications tend to resemble more conventional on-off applications. By modifying precision agriculture equipment that the producer currently is using for other applications, we were able to apply both fall and spring applications of liquid nematicides. VRT applications have resulted in higher yields compared to conventional one-rate applications and also reduced the total amounts of nematicide that were applied in the field. TARGET AUDIENCES: Agricultural producers Agricultural Chemical companies PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No major changes are required for the present study

Impacts
Impact Soybean variety screening to the reniform, root-knot and soybean cyst nematodes will provide current nematode resistance rating on the new introduced varieties that will be used by both agricultural producers, breeders and seed companies. Hyper spectral reflectance will provide the cotton producers with a cost effective and rapid means to obtain nematode population counts in an infested field. This will allow the development of precise nematode contour maps for precision applications of nematicides

Publications

  • Koti,S., K.R. Reddy, G.W. Lawrence, V.R. Reddy, V.G. Kakani, D. Zhao. And W. Gao. 2007. Effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira) populations in cotton. Plant Pathology Journal 6:51-59.
  • Lawrence,G.W., R.A. Doshi, R. L. King, K.S. Lawrence, and J. Caceres. 2007. Nematode Management using Remote Sensing Technology, Self-Organized Maps and Variable Rate Nematicide World Cotton Research Conference (in press).
  • Lawrence, K.S., A. J. Price, G. W. Lawrence, J. R. Jones, and R. Akridge. 2007. Rotylenchulus reniformis host status evaluations of noxious weeds associated with the Gossypium hirisutum/Zea mays rotation system. J World Cotton Research Conference (in press).
  • Robinson,F., P. Agudelo, C.A. Avila, A.A. Bell, F.E. Callahan, C.G. Cook, N.D. Dighe, O.A. Gutierrez, R.W. Hayes, J.N. Jenkins, J.T. Johnson, R.Kantety, G.W. Lawrence, K.S. Lawrence, L.Mangineni, J.C. McCarty, M.A. Menz, W.A. Meredith,Jr., R.L. Nichols, R.T. Robbins, E. Sacks, B.Scheffler, G.L. Sciumbato, C.Wayne Smith, J.L. Starr, D.M. Stelly, S.R. Stetina, J.McStewart, P.M. Thaxton, T.P. Wallace, D.B. Weaver, M.J. Wubben, and L.D. Young. 2007. Development of Reniform Nematode Resistance in Upland Cotton. World Cotton Research Conference (in press).
  • Doshi, R. A., King, R. L., and Lawrence, G. W. 2007b. Self-Organized Maps-based Spectral Prediction of Rotylenchulus reniformis Population numbers. Proc. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Barcelona, Spain. (in press).
  • Doshi, R. A., King, R. L., and Lawrence, G. W. 2007c. Self-Organizing Maps for Multi-Temporal Spectral Classification of Nematode Species. Proc. Fourth International Workshop on Analysis of Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Images, Leuven, Belgium. (in press).
  • Doshi, R. A., King, R. L., and Lawrence, G. W. 2007d. Wavelet-SOM and Feature Extraction of hyperspectral data for Classification of nematode species. Proc. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Barcelona, Spain. (In press).
  • Lawrence, G. W., K. S., Lawrence, and J. Caceres. 2006. AVICTA complet pack and Temik 15 G for reniform nematode management on cotton. Journal of Nematology 38:278
  • Lawrence,K.S.,and G.W. Lawrence. 2007. Performance of the new nematicide treatments on cotton. Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference, Vol. 1, National Cotton Council, Memphis TN. online: www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings.
  • G.W. Lawrence, K.S. Lawrence, and J.Caceres. 2007. Options after the furrow is closed. Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference, Vol. 1, National Cotton Council, Memphis TN. online: www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings.
  • Caceres, J., Lawrence, G. W., and Lawrence, K. S. 2007. Evaluation of selected seed treatments for control of the cotton seedling disease complex in Mississippi, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:ST019. DOI:10.1094/PDMR01. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN
  • Lawrence, K. S., Hatchett, T. B., Gazaway, W. S., Lawrence, G. W., and Akridge, R. 2007. Evaluation of Avicta, Vydate CLV, and Temik 15G combinations for reniform nematode management in cotton in south Alabama, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:N004. DOI:10.1094/PDMR01. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., Lawrence, G. W., Pegues, M. D., and Monks, C. D. 2007. Evaluation of Topsin M for management of cotton boll rots disease in south Alabama, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:FC041. DOI:10.1094/PDMR01. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., Delaney, M. A., Sikora, E. J., Delaney, D. P., Lawrence, G. W., and Pegues, M. 2007. Efficacy of foliar fungicides Punch and Charisma for Asian soybean rust disease management and yield enhancement in Alabama, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:FC042. DOI:10.1094/PDMR01. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., Delaney, M. A., Sikora, E. J., Delaney, D. P., Lawrence, G. W., and Pegues, M. 2007. Efficacy of foliar fungicides Punch and Charisma for Asian soybean rust disease management and yield enhancement in Alabama, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1FC042. DOI:10.1094/PDMR01. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., Lawrence, G. W., Pegues, M. D., and Monks, C. D. 2007. Evaluation of Quadris 2.08 SC for management of cotton boll rots disease in south Alabama, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:FC049. DOI:10.1094/PDMR01. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., Delaney, M. A., Sikora, E. J., Delaney, D. P., Lawrence, G. W., and Pegues, M. 2007. Evaluation of Absolute, Folicur, and Stratego on Asian soybean rust and yield in Alabama, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:FC078. DOI:10.1094/PDMR01. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., Delaney, M. A., Sikora, E. J., Delaney, D. P., Lawrence, G. W., Pegues, M. 2007. Evaluation of selected fungicides for Asian soybean rust management and yield enhancement in Alabama, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:FC079. DOI:10.1094/PDMR01. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., Hatchett, T. B., Burmester, C. H., Lawrence, G. W., and Norris, C. 2007. Evaluation of N-Hibit and ProAct for reniform nematode management in cotton in north Alabama, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:N001. DOI:10.1094/PDMR01. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., Hatchett, T. B., Gazaway, W. S., Lawrence, G. W., and Akridge, R. 2007. Evaluation of Avicta variants for reniform nematode management in cotton in south Alabama, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:N011. DOI:10.1094/PDMR01. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.


Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06

Outputs
Soybean: A soybean cyst population (host race 15) was used to inoculate soybean entries for their reaction to the soybean cyst nematode. The variety Hutcheson was included in the test to compare the relative susceptibility of each entry to a widely known soybean variety. One hundred seventy entries were examined in 2006. Eighty-five of the entries had an index of reproduction less than Hutcheson. Only three varieties (ANAND MGV, LONOAK MGV, RT5302n MGV) resulted in a reproductive factor less than 10% of Hutcheson. Two additional varieties (94B73 MGIV, HBK4944CX MGIV) resulted in a reproductive factor less than 20% of Hutchenson. Cotton: Multitemporal spectral classification of the root knot and reniform nematode using self-organized maps. Remotely sensed hyper spectral data was examined for use in detecting the root knot and reniform nematodes on cotton. Reflectance of hyper spectral signatures was used as features for classification purposes. Overall classification accuracies varied from the upper 60's to lower 80 percent. Individual accuracies for the cotton plants affected by the reniform nematode were higher compared to that of the root-knot nematode. The use of map grid and U-matrix to visualize supervised SOM indicates there exists data clustering between samples affected by the two nematode species. Reniform nematode management with VRT equipment and site-specific applications. A fully working multi-modal variable rate applications system was developed. This system is capable of applying low volumes of liquid nematicides (Telone II) to georeferenced locations in the field corresponding to specific nematode classes. Target rates were attained within 1 second during volume changes at a ground speed of 6 mph.

Impacts
Soybean variety screening to the reniform, root-knot and soybean cyst nematodes will provide current nematode resistance rating on the new introduced varieties that will be used by both agricultural producers, breeders and seed companies. Hyper spectral reflectance will provide the cotton producers with a cost effective and rapid means to obtain nematode population counts in an infested field. This will allow the development of precise nematode contour maps for precision applications of nematicides

Publications

  • Jones, J.R., K.S. Lawrence, and G. W. Lawrence. 2005. Implementation of winter cover crops in cotton cropping for management of Rotylenchulus reniformis. Nematropica 36:53-66.
  • Lawrence, K. S., G. W. Lawrence, and S. R. Usery. 2006. Poultry litter as an organic means of Rotylenchulus reniformis management of cotton. Journal of Nematology 38:278-279.
  • Lawrence, G. W., K. S., Lawrence, and J. Caceres. 2006. AVICTA complete pack and Temik 15 G for reniform nematode management on cotton. Journal of Nematology 38:278
  • Dismukes, A. L., K. S. Lawrence, A. J. Price, G. W. Lawrence, and R. Akridge. 2006. Host status of noxious weed plants associated with Gossypium hirisutum- Zea mays rotation systems to Rotylenchulus reniformis. Proceedings of the National Belt wide Cotton Conferences. Vol 1: 7-11. National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN.
  • Kirkpatrick, T. L., K. S. Lawrence, G. W. Lawrence, J. D. Muller, and N. M. French. 2006. Greenhouse evaluation of experimental harpin-based seed and foliar treatments on root-knot nematodes in cotton. Proceedings of the National Belt wide Cotton Conferences. Vol 1: 30-35. National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN.
  • Caceres, J., K. S. Lawrence, and G. W. Lawrence. 2006. Evaluation of commercial and experimental seed treatments on cotton stand in Alabama and Mississippi. Proceedings of the National Belt wide Cotton Conferences. Vol 1: 66. National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN.
  • French, N. M. T. L. Kirkpatrick, P. D. Colyer, J. L. Starr, K. S. Lawrence, J. R. Rich, and G. W. Lawrence. 2006. Influence N-Hibit and ProAct on nematodes in field cotton. Proceedings of the National Belt wide Cotton Conferences. Vol 1:137-132. National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN.
  • Lawrence, G. W., R. King, G. R. Ellis, R. Doshi, K. S. Lawrence, Caceres, and J. S. Samson. 2006. Populations estimation of the reniform nematode using hyper spectral reflectance data and applications to variable rate nematicide applications. Proceedings of the National Belt wide Cotton Conferences. Vol 1: 165. National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., S. R. Usery, C. Burmester, and G. W. Lawrence. 2005. Evaluation of Telone II, Vapam HL, and Temik 15G for reniform nematode management in cotton in north Alabama, 2004. F&N Tests 60:N003


Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

Outputs
Soybean: Soybean varieties representing maturity groups IV and V were examined in the greenhouse for their reaction to the soybean cyst nematode host race 15. Fourteen separate tests have been conducted which 110 varieties have currently been examined. Only one variety, RT5302n from Southern States has shown resistance to this SCN race. Cotton: A field location was established as a long-term reniform nematode nursery to provide a location in the southeast cotton belt for cotton breeders to submit entries for germplasm evaluation. An initial study was established to examine the effect of the reniform nematode on selected cotton strains and varieties. The experiment was designed as a split plot in which whole plots were the nematicide Vapam and subplots were cotton varieties. Twenty-two selections were received and two standard varieties STV-474 and FM-958 were planted with four replications in a randomized complete block within the nematicide treated or untreated parts of the field. Vapam significantly reduced renifom nematode numbers averaged across all treated plots (11,050 reniform/500cc soil) 7 days after planting compared with the non-treated control (7031 reniform/500cc soil). Population numbers ranged from 4257 to 10256 reniform per 500cc soil with no significant difference between locations where the cotton entries were planted in the nematicide treated plots. We had a greater variation in nematode numbers in the control plots with a range of 7805 to 16319 reniform per 500cc soil. Average cotton yields recovered in the non-Vapam treated control plots ranged from 471 to 762 lbs per acre with an average yield of 620.3. In the Vapam treated plots yields ranged from 541 to 822 lbs of lint with an average yield of 678.7.The standard susceptible varieties suffered the greatest percent yield reduction in the controls compared to yields in the Vapam plots. Early analysis indicate that the addition of Vapam may provide a more uniform distribution if the reniform nematode. However, non-uniformity in the non-nematicide treated control will provide a greater challenge.

Impacts
Soybean: We have identified a SCN race 15 not previously reported in Mississippi. In our variety evaluations only one variety out of 110 varieties examined has shown resistance to this specific host race. With the lack of resistant varieties this specific race could be a major economic pest to Mississippi soybean production. Cotton: The addition of a nematicide in our nursery plots provided a more uniform baseline for evaluating cotton entries for reniform resistance. The non-uniformity in the non-treated controls will be a challenge to address. This is the only reniform nursery for evaluating cotton breeding lines and germplasm in the southeast United States and is a much needed addition to the current breeding effort.

Publications

  • Robinson, F.R. Akridge, J.M. Bradford, C.G. Cook, W.S. Gazaway, T.L. Kirkpatrick, G.W. Lawrence, G.R. Lee, E.C. McGawley, C. Overstreet, G.B. Padgett, R. Rodriguez-Kabana, W. Westphal, And L.D. Young. 2005. Rotylenchulus reniformis below plow depth in 20 cotton fields across the Southern United States. Journal of Nematology 37: 265-271.
  • Lawrence, K. S., G. W. Lawrence, and E. van Santen. 2005. Effect of controlled cold storage on recovery of Rotylenchulus reniformis from naturally infested soil. Accelerated Degradation of Aldicarb and its Metabolites in Cotton Field Soils. Journal of Nematology 37:272-275.
  • Usery, S. R., Jr., K. S. Lawrence, G. W. Lawrence, and C. H. Burmester. 2005. Evaluation of cotton cultivars for resistance and tolerance to Rotylenchulus reniformis. Nematropica 35:121-133.
  • Ellis, G. R., G. W. Lawrence, S. Samson, W. A. Givens, and K. S. Lawrence. 2005. Variable-rate applications of Telone II on cotton for reniform nematode management. Journal of Nematology 37:368.
  • Lawrence, G. W. and K. S. Lawrence. 2005. Effect of metan sodium applications on cotton for the management of the reniform nematode in Mississippi. Journal of Nematology 37:378.
  • Lawrence, K. S., K. S. Balkcom, R. Smith, A. J. Price, F. J. Arriaga, J. R. Jones, S. R. Usery and G. W. Lawrence. 2005. Evaluations of tillage and experimental nematicides on Meloidogyne incognita race 3 on cotton in Alabama. Journal of Nematology 37:378.
  • Usery, S. R., Jr., K. S. Lawrence, C. H. Burmester, , G. W. Lawrence. 2005. Management of Rotylenchulus reniformis using poultry litter as a soil amendment. Journal of Nematology 37:401.
  • Lawrence, K. S., G. W. Lawrence, K. M. Glass, S. R. Usery, J. R. Jones, M. Pegues and C. D. Monks. 2005. Evaluation of planting date, variety response, and selected fungicides on cotton boll rot in south Alabama. (online) Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1: 203-208 (2005) National Cotton Council, Memphis TN.
  • Usery, S. R. Jr., K. S. Lawrence, C.H. Burmester, K. Glass, G. W. Lawrence. 2005. Effect of Rotylenchulus reniformis on commercial transgenic and non-transgenic cotton cultivars. (online) Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1: 209-214 (2005) National Cotton Council, Memphis TN.
  • Ellis, G. R., G. W. Lawrence, S. Samson, W. A. Givens, and K. S. Lawrence. 2005. Variable-rate applications of Telone II on cotton for reniform nematode management. (online) Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1: 195-196 (2005) National Cotton Council, Memphis TN.
  • Lawrence, K. S., S. R. Usery, C. Burmester, and G. W. Lawrence. 2005. Evaluation of Telone II, Vapam HL, and Temik 15G for reniform nematode management in cotton in north Alabama, 2004. F&N Tests 60:N003.


Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
Cotton: Fifteen cotton germplam and breeding lines were examined for resistance to the reniform nematode. All entries were susceptible although reproduction factors were significantly less than the standard PM 1218 cultivar. Reproduction factors ranged from1.9 to 9.3 on the entries and 13.9 on PM 1218. Soybean: A host race study identified a host race 15 Mississippi population of soybean cyst nematode. This was the first report of this specific host race in Mississippi. Thirty-five varieties were examined in 2004, only one was found to be resistant to the SCN race15. Test 1. SCN reproduction on ten selected varieties ranged from 365 to 839 individuals per 500cc soil. Six of ten varieties produced fewer cysts when compared with Hutcheson . DK 3961 RR produced the fewest cysts, 364 cysts per 500cc soil. Test 2. SCN reproduction on ten selected varieties ranged from 86 to 329 individuals per 500cc soil. DPX 3940 produced the fewest cysts, 86 cysts per 500cc soil. Test 3. SCN reproduction on fifteen selected varieties ranged from 71 to 1215 cysts per 500cc soil. One of the varieties produced fewer cysts compared with Hutcheson. RT5302n produced the fewest cysts, 71-cysts per 500cc soil. Based on less than 10 percent reproduction on Hutchenson only RT5302n was resistant to this race 15 population of the SCN.

Impacts
Soybean: Our studies have identified a new race of the soybean cyst nematode. Current examinations have found only one variety out of 35 that had resistance to this nematode. Cotton: Currently there is no resistance to the reniform nematode available for our cotton producers. The only means to find resistance material to work with is by way of screening existing plant material and new germplasm. Research in this area is necessary to advance our knowledge of the host parasite interaction of this nematode.

Publications

  • Usery, S. U. Jr., K. S. Lawrence, J. R. Jones, R. Akridge, K. Glass, G. W. Lawrence. 2004 Cotton variety response to Rotylenchulus reniformis in Huxford, Alabama, 2003. B&C Tests 19:FC018.
  • Usery, S. U. Jr., K. S. Lawrence, J. R. Jones, C. H. Burmester, G. W. Lawrence. 2004.Transgenic cotton variety response to Rotylenchulus reniformis in North Alabama, 2003 B&C Tests 19:FC020.
  • Jones, J. R., K. S. Lawrence, S. R. Usery, K. Glass, G. W. Lawrence, D. Pegues. 2004. Evaluation of early season cotton varieties for response to boll rot disease in Alabama, 2003. B&C Tests 19:FC021.
  • Jones, J. R., K. S. Lawrence, S. R. Usery, K. Glass, G. W. Lawrence, D. Pegues. 2004. Evaluation of full season cotton varieties for response to boll rot disease in Alabama, 2003. B&C Tests 19:FC022.
  • Jones, J. R., K. S. Lawrence, S. R. Usery, K. Glass, G. W. Lawrence, D. Pegues. 2004. Evaluation of planting date for response to boll rot disease in Alabama, 2003. B&C Tests 19:FC023. G.W. Lawrence. 2004 Nematode detection with remote sensing. In. Remote Sensing in Agriculture and Natural Resources. GeoResources Institute. Mississippi State University
  • Lee, Hee-Kyung. 2004. Spatial distribution, dispersion, and migration of Rotylenchulus reniformis (Linford & Oliveira) in Mississippi. Mississippi State University Ph.D. Dissertation, May 2004, 192 pp.
  • Lawrence, G. W. and K. S. Lawrence. 2004. Effect of Visible, a soil additive, on the growth of cotton in a reniform infested field. Journal of Nematology 36: 328.
  • Ellis, G. R. , G. W. Lawrence, S. A. Samson, W. A. Givens, and K. S. Lawrence. 2004. Variable rate nematicide applications on cotton for reniform nematode management. Journal of Nematology 36: 316.
  • Lawrence, K.S., Y. Feng, G.W. Lawrence, C.H. Burmester, and S.H. Norwood. 2004. Microbial degradation of aldicarb in reniform nematode infested cotton field soils. (online) Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1: 395-396 (2004) National Cotton Council, Memphis TN.
  • Jones, J.R. and K.S. Lawrence. 2004. Greenhouse and field evaluations of selected winter cover crops for reniform nematode suppression in cotton. (online) Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1: 397-399 (2004) National Cotton Council, Memphis TN.
  • Usery, S. Jr., K.S. Lawrence, C. Burmester, K. Glass, G.W. Lawrence, R. Akridge, and B. Meyer. 2004. Response of selected cotton varieties to the reniform nematode in Alabama. (online) Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1: 403-409 (2004) National Cotton Council, Memphis TN.
  • Lawrence, G. W., A. Kelley, H. K. Lee, K. S. Lawrence. 2004. Evaluation of Adage 5FS for control of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton in the Mississippi delta, 2001. F&N Tests 59:N007.
  • Lawrence, G. W., A. Kelley, H. K. Lee, K. S. Lawrence. 2004. Evaluation of Telone II and Vapam for management of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton in the Mississippi delta, 2001. F&N Tests 59:N008.
  • Lawrence, G. W., A. Kelley, H. K. Lee, K. S. Lawrence. 2004. Evaluation of Temik 15G applied in-furrow and as a side dress for management of Rotylenchulus reniformis in the Mississippi delta, 2001. F&N Tests 59:N009.
  • Lawrence, K. S., J. R. Jones, S. R. Usery, G. W. Lawrence, C. H. Burmester. 2004. Evaluation of biologicals for reniform nematode management in cotton in north Alabama, 2003. F&N Tests 59:N010.
  • Lawrence, K. S., J. R. Jones, S. R. Usery, G. W. Lawrence, C. H. Burmester. 2004. Evaluation of the soil fumigants Vapam and Telone II for reniform nematode management in cotton in north Alabama, 2003. F&N Tests 59:N011.
  • Lawrence, K. S., J. R. Jones, S. R. Usery, G. W. Lawrence, R. Akridge. 2004. Evaluation of the soil fumigants Vapam and Telone II for reniform nematode management in cotton, 2003. F&N Tests 59:N013.
  • Jones, J. R., K. S. Lawrence, S. R. Usery, G. W. Lawrence, D. Pegues. 2004. Evaluation of selected fungicides for control of cotton boll rot disease on DPL 458BRR, 2003. F&N Tests 59:FC058
  • Lawrence, K. S., Y. Feng, G. W. Lawrence, C. H. Burmester and S.H. Norwood. 2004. Accelerated degradation of aldicarb and its metabolites in cotton field soils. Journal of Nematology 36:(In Print).
  • Lawrence, G. W. and K. S. Lawrence. 2004. Response of Hoplolaimus magnistylus to nematicide applications on cotton. Nematropica Submitted).
  • Lawrence, K. S., Y. Feng, G. W. Lawrence, C. H. Burmester, and S. H. Norwood. 2004. Accelerated biodegradation of aldicarb and its metabolites in cotton field soils. Journal of Nematology 36: 329.
  • Usery, S. R. Jr., K. S. Lawrence, C. H. Burmester, K. Glass, R. Akridge, B. A. Mayer, and G. W. Lawrence. 2004. Cotton variety response to Rotylenchulus reniformis in Alabama. Journal of Nematology 36: 350.


Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
Soybean: Twenty-two soybean germplasm entries were examined in the greenhouse for resistance to the reniform nematode. In Test 1, eleven entries were included. All entries were considered susceptible to the reniform nematode. Reproductive factors ranged from 29.03 to 73.17 for the entries X 248R and S 59-V6, respectively. In Test 2, eleven entries were included and all were considered susceptible to the reniform. Reproduction factors ranged from 8.5 to 32.2 for the entries X 269 R and X 257 RS, respectively. Cotton: Seven lines were examined with the reniform nematode. All were considered susceptible to the reniform with reproductive indexes ranging from 34.1 to 109.51. Fourteen lines were examined for resistance to the root-knot nematode. Thirteen of the lines had a reproductive index less than one and would be considered resistant to our population of the root-knot nematode. The reproduction index on the variety PayMaster 1218 was 21.42. In a separate Cotton test: Four conventional cotton varieties were examined with the reniform nematode. All were susceptible with reproduction factors ranging from 9.9 to 30.8. Seventeen transgenic cotton varieties were screened with the reniform nematode. All were susceptible with reproduction factors ranging from 15.5 to 139.

Impacts
Soybean: This study demonstrates the need for continued screening of germplasm for resistance to the reniform nematode. Breeding material with resistance is desirable for soybean especially when used in rotation programs with other susceptible crops. Cotton: The search for reniform resistance should continue. No resistance currently exists. Root-knot nematode resistance was determined in several breeding lines. When resistance is found, it then can be incorporated in a root-knot resistance breeding program.

Publications

  • Palmateer, A.J., K.S. McLean, J.L. Hutchinson, J.R. Jones, G.W. Lawrence and M. Pegues. 2003. Evaluation of full season cotton varieties for response to boll rot disease in Alabama, 2002. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:F005. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Palmateer, A.J., K.S. McLean, J.L. Hutchinson, J.R. Jones, K. Glass, and G.W. Lawrence. 2003. Evaluation of early season cotton varieties for response to boll rot disease in Alabama, 2002. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:F006. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, G. W. and McLean, K. S. 2002. Root-knot nematode management with Temik 15G applied as an in-furrow and side dress treatment, 1999. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 57:N 04. DOI: 10.1094/FN57. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, G. W. and McLean, K. S. 2002. Reniform nematode management with Temik 15G applied as an in-furrow and side dress treatment, 1999. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 57:N03. DOI: 10.1094/FN57. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • McLean K.S., A.J. Palmateer, J.L. Hutchinson, J. Jones, and G.W. Lawrence. 2003. Evaluation of Messenger with Temik 15G for control of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton in central Alabama, 2002. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:N009. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Palmateer, A.J., K.S. McLean, J.L. Hutchinson, J.R. Jones, and G.W. Lawrence. 2003. Evaluation of selected fungicides for control of cotton boll rot disease on DPL 33B, 2002. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:FC047. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Palmateer, A.J., K.S. McLean, J.L. Hutchinson, J.R. Jones, G.W. Lawrence and M. Pegues. 2003. Evaluation of full season cotton varieties for response to boll rot disease in Alabama, 2002. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:F005. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Palmateer, A.J., K.S. McLean, J.L. Hutchinson, J.R. Jones, K. Glass, and G.W. Lawrence. 2003. Evaluation of early season cotton varieties for response to boll rot disease in Alabama, 2002. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:F006. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, G. W., A.T. Kelley, H.K. Lee, and K.S. McLean. 2003. Evaluation of Adage 5FS for the control of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton in the Mississippi delta 2000. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:N004. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, G. W., A.T. Kelley, H.K. Lee, and K.S. McLean. 2003. Evaluation of Telone II for control of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton in the Mississippi delta 2000. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:N005. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, G. W., A.T. Kelley, H.K. Lee, and K.S. McLean. 2003. Evaluation of Nemacur 240CS for control of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton in the Mississippi delta 2000. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:N006. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, G. W., A.T. Kelley, H.K. Lee, and K.S. McLean. 2003. Evaluation of Telone II for control of Meloidogyne incognita in ultra narrow row cotton in Mississippi, 2000. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:N007. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, G. W., A.T. Kelley, H.K. Lee, and K.S. McLean. 2003. Evaluation of Temik 15G for control of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton in the Mississippi delta 2000. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:N008. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • McLean K.S., A.J. Palmateer, J.L. Hutchinson, J. Jones, and G.W. Lawrence. 2003. Evaluation of Messenger with Temik 15G for control of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton in central Alabama, 2002. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:N009. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Palmateer, A.J., K.S. McLean, J.L. Hutchinson, J.R. Jones, and G.W. Lawrence. 2003. Evaluation of selected fungicides for control of cotton boll rot disease on DPL 33B, 2002. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:FC047. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • McLean, K.S., A.J. Palmateer, N.W. Greer, L. Carter, G.W. Lawrence and D. Moore. 2002. Evaluation of Messenger in combination with Temik 15G and Adage for control of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton in central Alabama, 2001. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (on line). Report 57:N06. DOI: 10.1094/FN57. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • McLean, K. S., Palmateer, A. J., Greer, N. W., Carter, L., Lawrence, G.W., and Adridge, R. 2002. Evaluation of the soil fumigant Vapam for reniform nematode management in cotton, 2001. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 57:N07. DOI: 10.1094/FN57. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, G.W., S. Samson, H.K. Lee, A.T. Kelley, and W.A. Givens. 2003. Reniform nematode management with variable rate nematicide applications. Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference, Vol. 1:273-274 (2003) National Cotton Council, Memphis TN.
  • Lawrence, G.W., A.T. Kelley, R. L. King, J. Vickery, H.K. Lee, and K. S. McLean. 2004. Remote sensing and precision nematicide applications for Rotylenchulus reniformis management in Mississippi cotton. Nematology Monographs and Perspectives 2: (accepted as a manuscript to be published as part of an invited symposium. All manuscripts are awaiting the final approval from the editorial board).
  • Diaz, Asdrubal, G.W. Lawrence, and K.S. McLean. 2004. Nematode post-infection development on cotton following separate and concomitant parasitism by Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis. Journal of Nematology 35: (accepted for publication).
  • McLean, K.S. and G.W. Lawrence. 2003. Efficacy of aldicarb to Rotylenchulus reniformis and biodegradation in cotton field soils. Journal of Nematology 35 (1): 65-72.
  • Lawrence, G.W. and K.S. McLean. 2003. Foliar applications of oxamyl for the management of Melodogyne incognita on cotton. Nematropica 32: 103-112.
  • Lawrence, G. W., A.T. Kelley, H.K. Lee, and K.S. McLean. 2003. Evaluation of Adage 5FS for the control of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton in the Mississippi delta 2000. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:N004. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, G. W., A.T. Kelley, H.K. Lee, and K.S. McLean. 2003. Evaluation of Telone II for control of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton in the Mississippi delta 2000. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:N005. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, G. W., A.T. Kelley, H.K. Lee, and K.S. McLean. 2003. Evaluation of Nemacur 240CS for control of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton in the Mississippi delta 2000. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:N006. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, G. W., A.T. Kelley, H.K. Lee, and K.S. McLean. 2003. Evaluation of Telone II for control of Meloidogyne incognita in ultra narrow row cotton in Mississippi, 2000. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:N007. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • Lawrence, G. W., A.T. Kelley, H.K. Lee, and K.S. McLean. 2003. Evaluation of Temik 15G for control of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton in the Mississippi delta 2000. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online.) Report 58:N008. DOI: 10.1094/FN58. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
  • H.K. Lee, G.W. Lawrence, J.L. DuBien, and A.T. Kelley. 2003. Seasonal variation in the spatial distribution of Rotylenchulus reniformis in Mississippi cotton. Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference, Vol. 1: 245-246 (2003) National Cotton Council, Memphis
  • Kelley, A.T., G.W. Lawrence, R. L. King, and J. Vickery. 2003. Spectral classification of reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) infected cotton plants. International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. (Accepted for publication).
  • Kelley, A.T., G.W. Lawrence, J. Vickery, R. King, and H.K. Lee. 2003. Detection and population estimation of the reniform nematode on cotton using hyperspectral remotely sensed data. Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1:241-244 (2003) National Cotton Council, Memphis TN.
  • Tagert, M.D., G.W. Lawrence, W.E. Batson, H.K. Lee, A.T. Kelley, and K.S. McLean. 2003. Severity of disease caused by Thielaviopsis basicola and Rotylenchulus reniformis in concomitant or sequential interactions. (online) Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1:147-148 (2003) National Cotton Council, Memphis TN.
  • Tagert, M.D., G.W. Lawrence, W.E. Batson, H.K. Lee, A.T. Kelley, and K.S. McLean. 2003. Thielaviopsis basicola and Rotylenchulus reniformis as independent or interactive pathogens on cotton in different soil types (online) Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1:145-146 (2003) National Cotton Council, Memphis TN.
  • McLean, K.S., G.W. Lawrence, A.J. Palmateer. 2003. Economics of cotton seedling disease. (online) Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1:142-144 (2003) National Cotton Council, Memphis TN.
  • McLean, K.S., G.W. Lawrence, C. Overstreet, and L.D. Young. 2003. Efficacy of anhydrous ammonia on reniform nematode in cotton. (online) Proceedings of the National Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1:282-283 (2003) National Cotton Council, Memphis TN.
  • Kelley, A.T., G.W. Lawrence, R.L. King, J. Vickery, and H.K. Lee. 2003. Spectral classification of reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) infested cotton plants using self-organized maps. Journal of Nematology 32: (abstract).
  • Lee, H.K., G.W. Lawrence, J.L. DuBien, and A.T. Kelley. 2003. Cultural practices and the dispersion of the reniform nematode in Mississippi. Journal of Nematology 32: (abstract).
  • Hutchinson, J.L., K.S. McLean, Y. Feng, C. Burmester, and G.W. Lawrence. 2003. Accelerated breakdown of aldicarb in Alabama cotton field soils. Phytopathology 93: S38 Publication P-2003-0274-AMA.
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  • H.K. Lee, G.W. Lawrence, and A.T. Kelley. 2003. Seasonal variation in the spatial distribution of Rotylenchulus reniformis in Mississippi cotton. Phytopathology 93: S49 Publication P-2003-0358-AMA.
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  • Palmateer, A. J., K. S. McLean, G. W. Lawrence, J. Hutchinson, J. R. Jones, K. Glass, and M. Pegues. 2003. Evaluation of full season cotton varieties for response to boll rot disease in Alabama. in: Cotton Research Report no. 24 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station pp. 9.
  • Mc Lean, K. S., G. W. Lawrence, A. J. Palmateer, J. Hutchinson, J. R. Jones, and D. Moore. 2003. Evaluation of Messenger with Temik 15G for control of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton in Central Alabama in: Cotton Research Report no. 24 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station pp. 36.
  • Palmateer, A. J., K. S. McLean, G. W. Lawrence, J. Hutchinson, J. R. Jones, K. Glass, and M. Pegues. 2003. Evaluation of planting date for response to boll rot disease in Alabama. in: Cotton Research Report no. 24 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station pp. 42.
  • Palmateer, A. J., K. S. McLean, G. W. Lawrence, J. Hutchinson, J. R. Jones, K. Glass, and M. Pegues. 2003. Evaluation of selected fungicides for control of cotton boll rot disease on Deltapine NuCotn 33B. in: Cotton Research Report no. 24 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station pp. 43.
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